Sentences ....... PG

SECTION 4 TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES

SENTENCES

Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement, command, question, or an exclamation.

Sentence Parts

Subject – what/who the sentence is about The black cat was walking through the neighborhood again. Predicate – what the subject does The black cat was walking through the neighborhood again. Sentence Types Declarative – a sentence that makes a statement (ends with a period mark) Developing a new skill in physics is going to benefit me in the future. Learning to write stronger sentences helps students communicate better.

Imperative – a sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark) Wash your hands. Interrogative – a sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark) Where were you? Exclamatory – a sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an exclamation mark) Her pie was to die for.

Simple Sentence: A sentence that is just one independent clause. Most of my friends from middle school went ghost. Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses - connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;). Many friends came over, but we were still missing a good amount of them. Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. When she falls asleep, her television stays on the whole night. Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. Whether you plan ahead or not, most assignments for school get done, but they can take up a lot of time. Loose Sentence: A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase) with your main point at the beginning. Christmas is coming soon, I can’t wait to exchange gifts. Periodic Sentence: A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense with the main point coming at the end. I can’t wait to exchange gifts, Christmas is coming soon. Parallel Structure: A sentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry. Bravo students tend to work hard, to stay awake at night, and to succeed where others fail.

Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires symmetry. Bravo teachers have lots of work to grade. Chiasmus: A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order - this sentence requires symmetry. The doctors are the hospital, the hospital would be nothing without it’s staff.

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Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Macy bought a pair of shoes, and a shirt, and a new sweater, also some new socks, and new earphones. Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention. Many people enjoy pineapple on pizza, and others hate it, but people will agree that pizza is yummy regardless.

Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words. She spent her break cooking, feeding all her children, and going to the grocery store. Sentence Errors

Run-On/Rambling/Fused Sentence – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly without punctuation. Santa Claus and his little helpers love christmas they always deliver presents they like to make everyone’s day special. Santa Claus and his little helpers love christmas so they always deliver presents and they like to make everyone’s day special.

Comma Splice – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly using commas She went to the marathon, she went to her hometown, she got 2nd place. She went to her hometown. She went to the marathon; and she got 2nd place. Fragment – incomplete sentence pieces that are not connected to or do not form an independent clause And she fell. She didn’t see the big crack and she fell. Misplaced/Dangling Modifiers – modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part of a sentence and a dangling modifier is missing the part it’s supposed to modify At the fair, she gave her cousin a stuffed animal she won at a game. At the fair, she won a game and gave the stuffed animal to her cousin Double Negative – combining two or more negative words in a sentence in a way that is supposed to produce a positive force She knew that it would be a bad idea to ruin the day. She knew that it wouldn’t be a-23- good idea to ruin the day.