The Rules of Baseball Book of Writing by Bravo Grammar Con Online

The Rules of Baseball and Book of Writing Written by Alejandro Lopez

“When baseball is no longer fun, it’s no longer a game.”-Joe DiMaggio

Introduction This book is for baseball players; we all know we have to be disciplined, active with the team, and communicative. In others words we need rules to be organized and efficient on the field and on the writing. Writing could apply to active communication and also for applying for future pro teams. Now the time being left read the book, and analyze it and read so you can be better at baseball.

About the Author Hello, my name is Alejandro Lopez, my family and friends call me Alex. I am 17 years old and I was born on August 2, 2003. Some of my hobbies are listening to music, dj, and play the guitar. I personally like to watch baseball games and in the future play baseball. My favorite team is the Dodgers baseball even though they screwed up many times, I still support them. Sometimes when I have free time I watch old baseball games and just enjoy them.

Tables of Contents Introduction….2 About the Author….3 Punctuation and Capitalization....5 Parts of speech ....7 Phrases and Clauses….15 Paragraphs...18 Essay...21 Dedication..23

The Rules of baseball BOOK OF WRITING SECTION 1 PUNCTUATION and CAPITALIZATION Punctuation – Identify the function and create one (1) example sentence of the uses for each mark. 1. . Mr. Lopez announce the the final schedule 2. , It was Raul, Mike, Chris, and Alex 3. – Please tell Mr.Lopez-on Monday 4. - The highlight of - day 5. : I am going to buy two things: water, and a jug

6. ; There are so many balls here; two of those are signed baseball and professional used. 7. ? interrogative, Hey? 8. ! exclamatory, Hello! 9. ‘ There’s so many kids 10. “ ” I said “hey” to Alex 11. … Hey... 12. [ ] I wished that night I would be able to see them [toothfairy] 13. ( ) Please use the instructions (the instruction are included in the box below.) 14. / and/or EX: Comma (used to switch words around in a list) – Students at Bravo can freely choose between AP World History, AP US History, AP Government, and AP European History. Capitalization – Identify and create one (1) example sentence for each rule of capitalization. ● Capitalize the title’s first and last name ● Capitalize all adjectives,adverbs,and nouns. ● Capitalization all pronouns (including it) EX: (Used to begin a sentence) – Sadly for some, 11th grade is the year with the most high-stakes testing. Ex. They Sadly all wanted to play for their national team rather than their club.

The rules of baseball BOOK OF WRITING SECTION 2 TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES PARTS OF SPEECH NOUNS

Types of nouns: (Alex,boys,balls,delight,things ) · Common Nouns : name a class of people, places, things, or idea. EX: doctors, room, speaker, a slidle · Proper Nouns: give the name or title of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be capitalized). Ex: Berkeley University · Compound Nouns: consist of words used together to form a single noun. EX: firefighters, water case · Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places. EX: phone, computer, food · Abstract Nouns: name ideas, quality, emotions or attitudes. EX: exciting, sadly, hopefully.

Functions (How nouns are used ): Write one sentence for each function. · Subject (comes before the verb) Mookie played with many people at the world series · Direct Object (comes after the verb and answer what or whom) We all told Alex to play with us. · Indirect Object (answers to who or to whom) All teachers gave a special reward to Honors students

PRONOUNS Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established. Personal: Nominative (subjects) Objective (objects) I/we me/us you/you you/you He, she, it, one/they him, her, it, one/them Possessive My, mine our, ours Your, yours your, yours His, her, hers, its, one’s their, theirs Relative: Nominative

Objective

Possessive 8

who That

whom that those/ this

whose of that

Interrogative: who, which, what, whatever, whoever Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix –self or –selves) Used only: when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: I myself think I can do it all We all wanted one but she brought it for herself to intensify a point: The coordinator himself delivered the speech. Even though it was hard work, “I can finish the job myself” the student thought. Demonstrative: this, these

that, those

Indefinite: all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, such.

VERBS Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject. Tense: verbs indicate time via tenses : simple past past past perfect past progressive

simple present present present perfect present progressive

present perfect progressive future future perfect

Types: There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs: auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) 9

linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence – usually the predicate) lexical verbs (main verbs) dynamic verbs (indicate action) stative verbs (describe a condition) finitive verbs (indicate tense) nonfinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) regular verbs (weak verbs) irregular verbs (strong verbs) transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object) intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects)

Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices: ACTIVE and PASSIVE. Active: Teachers did not receive gradebook Passive: The gradebook has not come to the teachers

Verbals : (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS) Gerund: word ending in “ing” used as a noun. · We were all hoping she did it. Participle: word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective · We really used all the paint · We will not clean the walls Infinitive: verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs · Alex likes to pet the dog

ADJECTIVES Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. · Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper (those,red,big)

ADVERBS Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. · Endings (The deadly snake almost attacks the baby.) -ly, -wards, -wise · Conversions (Scienitfitly, Technically, mathematically) · Types: Manner, Frequency, Degree, Place, Time Example Types: (Create one example each related to your subject) Manner – We all wanted for her to tell her Father 10

Time – Alex will take as long as he wants Place – We were forced to leave the store . Degree – Mr. Lopez did a great job Frequency – I will work the fastest I can

CONJUNCTIONS Coordinating (FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Correlative: Either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also; both/and; whether/or; as/so Subordinate: after, though as, as if, as long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while. Relative pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to nonliving object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects)

PREPOSITIONS Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex prepositions. These are some common one-word prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without.

INTERJECTIONS Interjections are the final part of speech. It is a diverse category, encompassing many different parts of speech, such as exclamations, curses, greetings, response particles,

Transitions of Logic Chart

Addition

Milder

Stronger

a further and and then then also too next another other nor

further furthermore moreover in addition additionally besides again equally important first, second finally, last

Comparison

just as ... so too a similar another... like

similarly comparable in the same way likewise

Contrast

but yet and yet still otherwise or though but another rather

however still nevertheless on the other hand on the contrary even so notwithstanding for all that in contrast alternatively at the same time though this may be otherwise instead nonetheless conversely

Time

then now soon afterward later shortly earlier recently first, second, third next before after today tomorrow

meanwhile at length presently at last finally immediately thereafter at that time subsequently eventually currently in the meantime in the past in the future

Purpose

to do this so that

to this end with this object for this purpose for that reason

because of this in ordr to

Place

there here beyond nearby next to

at that point opposite to adjacent to on the other side in the front in the back

Result

so and so then

hence therefore accordingly consequently thus thereupon as a result in consequence

Example

that is specifically in particular for one thing

for example for instance an instance of this this can be seen in

Summary and Emphasis

in sum generally after all by the way in general incidentally naturally I hope at least it seems in brief I suppose

in short on the whole as I said in other words to be sure in fact indeed clearly of course anyway remarkably I think assuredly definitely without doubt for all that on the whole in any event importantly certainly

The rules of baseball Book of Writing SECTION 3 TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES PHRASES and CLAUSES Phrases – groups of words that function as a part of speech. 15

Noun Phrase: A group of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun. Many of my teammates were playing Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb. We had four games, and were all going to be playing all day... Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb. The coach welcomed many of his players to his felid Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. Mookie Betts, a baseball player, became an MVP for his career Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun. ● Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun. I came from a match. ● Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective. Mookie Betts carried my team ● Infinitive Phrase verb preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. We to won our Prize

CLAUSES Clauses – groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”) INDEPENDENT – CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. We will not take a lose for the day DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. There are seven (7) kinds: Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive.

○ The baseball game made who I am today. ○ We will have a positive income despite our opponent. ○ Our coach made it obvious he was disappointed. ○ We all carefully if our equipment was all there. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: ○ This school is known for the athletes that are made. ○ There is a urgent that I need, for my injury. ○ The grade that you wanted is clearly within your grasp. Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: ■ It is pretty clear that our captain earn to be MVP for the baseball ■ There goes the coach that usually gives us workouts. ■ Our coaches our so talented that they can make show us the skills that we all contain ■ Let’s go The dodgers scored a homeroom ■ We invited our guests whom did not come ■ Do you refer to this practices? ■ Samantha is an athlete who easily shrugs off criticism. (who is the subject of shrugs.) Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession. Modifying verbs: ■ Unfortunately they parked the bus and we couldn’t get through and win. ■ Will we finally win our first game? ■ We gave up after they scored a homeroom and because we were all tried ■ Suzy studied harder than her brother typically did (condition) Modifying adjectives: ■ The spring semester had end due to the pandemic ■ Mr. Mike is funny where he acts like his great uncle. Modifying adverbs: ■ Suzy studied harder than her sisters typically did. (condition) Relative Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun. ○ The student who finishes first will earn an indulgently tasty cookie. Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted. ○ When driving, the instructor keenly keeps her eyes on the road. Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence. ○ The course that most interests Mr. Marks is clearly AP English Literature.

Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence. ○ Mr. Fette’s choir lessons, which began six months ago, are regretfully over.

The Rules of Baseball BOOK OF WRITING SECTION 5 TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES PARAGRAPHS

Paragraphs – a group of sentences that together convey a shared purpose structured around the same topic. Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions) Hook (Lead) – can begin with the title Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and lead the reader into the topic) Ex. The game and the characteristics of Baseball have been out for many years. It has been said that a young man ‘’Abner Doubleday’’ invented the game known as baseball in Cooperstown, New York during the summer of 1839. It’s appears to direct ancestors appear to be two english games. Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic - avoid second person POV “you”) Ex. What is the best age to start baseball ? Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing – usually one sentence in length, but can be longer depending on the purpose – must be something that is arguable) Assertion (claim - a subject + a “so what” about the subject) Ex. Baseball can be seen as a job and shouldn’t be ignored as a career Fact (empirically verifiable but often difficult to argue extensively about better used as evidence to support a claim) Ex. Baseball does take professional skills. Opinion (personal position on a topic) Ex. Baseball can be considered the best sports Belief (social, religious, or political in nature – an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessarily factual – often involves a judgement) Ex. Racism in Baseball is very not tolerated and indeed wrong. Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half – avoid using this type of thesis statement unless citing the source of the data) Ex. Benefits in baseball can help a person Document Based (cites a specific source, author, and position on a topic) Ex. According to 18th century, when boys and amatur enthusiasts played a baseball-like game by their own informal rules using homemade equipment. Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven - often answers a research question) 19

Ex. Baseball can lead to injuries Clarification/Expansion of Thesis (could extend the thesis, preview the evidence supporting the thesis, give the purpose of thesis, establish the importance or significance of examining the intricacies of the thesis – this could be several sentences long) Ex. We as players need to understand that playing with an injury, can be really bad. It can case a greater injury as many players have done it before and has never ended well. Ex. The author examines the often- disturbing state of meat production in order to discourage people from consuming so much fast food. (purpose of thesis) Ex. This information about the in 1871 the first professional league, the national Association of Professional Baseball Players was founded.

Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each AND present evidence to support or expand on the thesis) Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and/or area of evidence or support – could start with a “Transition of Logic” that connects to the previous paragraph to give context) Ex. Playing baseball builds strength in your arms and legs (Now every sentence in this paragraph must be related to the connection between fast food and health) Presenting Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences – quotes should be embedded within sentences) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rsing every time we fall- Nelson Mandale Ex. “He stated that he was tried of being injured”. (Koeman15) Ex. “The coach gave me the greatest opportunity of my life”. (Koeman 17) Ex. Unfortunately for patrons, “Fast food can have [horribly] adverse effects on people’s health’’ (Schlosser 73). Ex. Unfortunately for patrons, “Fast food … [a]ffects … people’s health” (Schlosser 73). Examining the Evidence Paraphrasing (rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source - useful for examining the quote and transitioning to your analysis of the quote)

ORIGINAL QUOTE – “Baseball is more than a game. It’s like life played out on a field”.(Koeman76) Ex. PARAPHRASE – You can suffer so many injuries in your career as a baseball player (Koeman 76) Summarizing (condensing larger quotes or sections - useful for closing the examination of the quote/evidence and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “Never let the fear of striking out keep you from playing the game” Ex. SUMMARY – Fast food can be unhealthy. Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples that do not refer to a source – AVOID USING THEM AS EVIDENCE – but useful for examining the quote) Ex. You might avoid some injuries if you stretch. Concrete Examples (actual examples that do refer to a source – useful for enhancing your analysis of the quote) Ex. New studies have shown that more women in the U.S. are showing interest in this sport. It has become a big sport for both men and women. Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word – possibly an adverb – and should echo the thesis of the essay) Ex. Baseball is one of the most popular sports in the world.

The Rules of Baseball BOOK OF WRITING SECTION 6 TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES ESSAYS

Essays – An Essay is a writing that consists of an introductory paragraph a # of body paragraphs and a conclusion paragraph. An essay is used to persuade someone. To inform someone, or to compare something or someone. Types –A Persuasive essay is used to persuade the reader into their argument and make them side with you. An expository essay is used to explain or to inform someone about a subject. An analytical or critical essay is satting your opinion or evaluating a piece of reading and stating what it says or what you think about it. A narrative essay basically a story whether is fiction or nonfiction A research or timed essay is and essay that is based on question and sysnthesis Persuasive (Argumentative) Expository (Informative) Definition or Description Process (How-to) Compare and Contrast Cause and Effect Analytical/Critical Evaluative Interpretive Narrative (Tells a story) Personal Statement/Anecdote Research Timed Document Based Question (DBQ) Synthesis Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps – To start off with a good hook after giving credit to your main source for example if it’s a book you’re analyzing. Then state your thesis. After mentioning or proving your thesis with body paragraphs. After restate your thesis in your conclusion Pre-writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining Researching/Evaluating of Sources Work Cited Page – The a recovery of nineteenth century Farming handbooks while researching texts written about nineteenth century farming, I found a few authors who published books about the literature of nineteenth century farming, particularly agricultural journals, newspaper, pamphlets, and brochures- MLA Format

Today, set’s play an important role in teacher assessment and faculty development at most universities (USC, 2009), recent SET research practically takes the presence of some form of this assessment on most campuses as a given. Spooren et al. (2017), for instance, merely note that SET’s can be found at “almost every institution of higher education throughout the world” (p.130)-APA Style

Dedication 23

I dedicate it to my grandfather that I had taught about baseball and I wish I could see you again and watch more old baseball games and enjoy a bowl of popcorn. I just wish he was here to see the dodgers win the World Series. My wish goes to you grandfather.