EAST RIVER EXCHANGE Versatile revitalization of a Navy Yard pier
author
Bram D’hoedt
promotors
Ward Verbakel Tom Thys
READERS
Benoit Moritz Giovanni Santa Maria Maarten Van Acker
© Copyright by K.U.Leuven Without written permission of the promotors and the authors it is forbidden to reproduce or adapt in any form or by any means any part of this publication. Requests for obtaining the right to reproduce or utilize parts of this publication should be addressed to K.U.Leuven, Faculty of Engineering – Kasteelpark Arenberg 1, B-3001 Heverlee (België). Telefoon +3216-32 13 50 & Fax. +32-16-32 19 88. A written permission of the promotor is also required to use the methods, products, schematics and programs described in this work for industrial or commercial use, and for submitting this publication in scientific contests. All images in this booklet are, unless credits are given, made or drawn by the authors (Studio Brooklyn).
STUDIO BROOKLYN AT WORK, INDIVIDUAL DESIGN THESIS
EAST RIVER EXCHANGE Versatile revitalization of a Navy Yard pier
Bram D’hoedt
Benoit Moritz Giovanni Santa Maria
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First, I would like to express my greatest gratitude towards my promotors, Tom Thys and Ward Verbakel, whose -as always, very critical- guidance was invaluable throughout this year of thinking / writing / experimenting / struggling / deadlining and designing (in changing order of appearance). The expectations of my final academical year were high and I have not been let down. Thank you for keeping to push me towards the end! I am grateful to Mattias Schevenels for his external feedback and insights. I would like to thank my readers Benoit Moritz, Giovanni Santa Maria and Maarten Van Acker for taking the time to read and evaluate this thesis. Within the company of my fellow Studio Brooklyn-ers this year turned out to be an unforgettable one! My first five years into the engaging world of architecture would of course not have been possible without the everlasting support of my parents. Thank you for keeping to believe in me and giving me the opportunity to fulfill my ambitious dreams. Of course, this last year was also a hard one for my friends. Thank you for not taking each “no I won’t be able to come, I’m working for my thesis” too personal! Lastly, I would like to thank Brenda Mordijck, for supporting and understanding me in times I most needed it! Bram D’hoedt
BROOKLYN 102: sixth chapter on a productive borough
brooklyn made brooklyn changed creative impulse transport in need greener choices
BROOKLYN NAVY YARD: industrious enclave
the evolution of bny bny today surrounding tissue bny and the sixth borough
CASE STUDIES 8 case studies
EAST RIVER EXCHANGE
INDIVIDUAL DESIGN PROJECTS
“EAST RIVER EXCHANGE versatile revitalization of a Navy Yard pier” is the fourth and individual volume out of a series of four studio books presenting the results of the KU Leuven Master of Architecture graduation thesis “Studio Brooklyn at work, a guide to the post-crisis city”. The investigation was carried out during the academic year 2012-2013 by eight graduation students. Brooklyn 102, the first of three studio books is a sequel on last year’s Brooklyn 101 and explores Brooklyn as a productive city. The second studio book, an elaborate site analysis, is limited to the Brooklyn Navy Yard, a single industrial enclave in the borough. The former shipyard, now industrial park, represents in many ways the tendencies going on in the borough. The third and last studio book is a collection of 8 case studies. Throughout the collective research, personal design proposals have arisen and led to the student’s individual design thesis. The first three books are considered as a background to assist the reader in situating this design project in its context.
ABSTRACT Against the background of the post-industrial city a recent tendency of -unilateralriverside development is taking place: industrial zoned hardscapes are becoming home to “soft� urban users and usages. In opposition to this trend, this design is the manifestation of the extrapolation of a programs active on a wide range of scales into the versatile, productive and resilient waterfront development of a deteriorating pier at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Bram D'hoedt
INDEX I. NAVY YARD: qualities and opportunities
12
From watersite to backside
14
Deteriorating piers
16
Reaching the yard Opportunity
20 22
II. TOWARDS THE WATERFRONT The archipelago that is NY
24 26
Ferry net-work Marine waste transfer Closing the loop
30 32 34
Casestudy: Walmart boxes
36
III. INTERVENTION Scales of impact
38 40
IV. DESIGN Elements of exchange
42 44
Plans
54
Elevations Sections Situation plan
72 78 84
V. EPILOGUE The bigger picture VI. ADDENDUM
86 88
VII. REFERENCES
96
90
I. NAVY YARD: qualities and opportunities The present-day economical situation has left its mark on the Navy Yard, an industrial park bordering the East River in Brooklyn. The once vibrant US Marine Base has turned into a fragmented industrial site home to mainly small scale creative/tech companies. As a consequence, the water oriented yard has turned its back towards the waterfront leaving the infrastructure on the water’s edge to deteriorate. Furthermore, the different tenants require distinctive needs and external expertise. This chapter briefly recapitulates and refocuses some themes extensively described in the second studio volume: Brooklyn Navy Yard: industrious enclave.
Historical image of manual labourers paving pier c at the exanding Brooklyn Navy Yard of 1936.
Image showing the Navy Yard’s inactive and fenced off waterfront. The railtracks have been covered in a layer of concrete. Heavy industrial usage with trucks and blue collar jobs with manual laborers made place for cars and white collar jobs.
14
From watersite to backside
The industrial park of the Navy Yard can
took over, an era of exclusive orientation
apply as an exemplary case for what
towards the waterfront came to an
has been happening on a far larger
end. The current Navy Yard has been
scale. Big, often polluting industries
turned into a industrial park employing
along the water’s edge cease to exist
7000 people in a variety of rather
or migrate elsewhere, out of the city’s
small companies, ranging from the
centre. Even so the Navy Yard, where
creative and tech sector to small scale
as of 1801 the site has been in use as
industrial manufacturing. The Navy Yard
the US prime battleship building facility.
transformed spectacularly: from a site
At its peak, wartime of WWII, almost
working together towards a common goal:
70.000 people where employed at the
building warships, towards a fragmented
yard. By 1970 the yard was taken over
industrial park with independent tenants
by Seatrain, however it too ceased to
and individual goals. The tenants too
exist in the following decade. When the
changed, as manual labor jobs became
Navy Yard Development Corporation
less required.
15
Close-up of pier d with the Empire State Building, the Chrysler Building and the Williamsburg Bridge at the background.
Close-up of deteriorated pier g with the Brooklyn Navy Yard Cogeneration Plant, Manhattan Bridge and the -under constructionFreedom Tower at the Background.
16
r pie
k
pi er
j
pier
c
pie rg
pie
rd
ba rg eb as in
5
4
ck
k oc yd
3
dr y do
k6
dr
2 ck
k oc yd dr
o yd dr
dry doc k
1
dr yd oc
in use in disuse
DETERIORATING PIERS Historically
the
Yard’s
waterfront
expanded artificially from its 0.6 miles in 1600s towards the current 6.7 miles by constructing drydocks and piers. Despite the tendency of expanding waterfront, three piers, three drydocks and the barge basin have fallen into disuse to an extentthat nature is reclaiming the concreted surface of these naval infrastructures. The once vibrant face of the Navy Yard has turned into an anonymous backside.
17
1924
The most profoundly suffering from this lack of activity is pier g. In the span of a century the battleship producing pier slowly degraded. From the capacious 650 ft (200m) of concreted hardscape only a fraction remains, deteriorated and reduced to rubble. The process of degrations even seems to be accelerating in the last decade.
18
1951
2008 1996
2013
19
00.00
Clinton Ave. Cumberland St. Sands St. Washington Ave. Vanderbilt Ave. Clymer St. Building 92 NYPD towing
20
02.00
04.00
06.00
08.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
22.00
REACHING THE YARD
The majority of the companies currently
however, fails miserably short in terms
active in the industrial park do not depend
of public transport. It is as if the subway,
on the unique marine infrastructure and
NYC’s most popular mode of commuting,
location along the East River. The eight
takes a wide turn around the Navy Yard.
entrances radially dispersed along the
Since the employees no longer live in
land border along with the elevated
the near vicinity of the yard this poses
Brooklyn-Queens
(BQE)
an inconvenience for a modern industrial
passing nearby provide for an easy
Expressway
park that is promoting itself as sustainable
access by car or by truck. The easy
and green.
accessibility for its commuting tenants
21
22
opportunity
Precisely because the blue fingers of the
background along with the new Freedom
Navy Yard reach so far out into the East
Tower, Empire State Building and Chrysler
River towards the Lower East Side of
Building. On the opposite site of the river
Manhattan a stunning view enrolls itself.
the office buildings of Downtown Brooklyn
A unique and invaluable decor offers the
rise above the industrial cranes and
promise for a rich and versatile productive
buildings of the Navy Yard.
waterfront. The trio of illustrious bridges
The East River also provides for many
-Brooklyn/Manhattan/Williamsburg
passengers along the East River. A great
Bridge-
opportunity to see and be seen!
can
be
recognized
in
the
23
II. TOWARDS THE WATERFRONT
As the waters surrounding New York City are becoming cleaner and healthier, a renewed interest in the rivers surrounding New York City can be observed in the last few decades. This chapter explores some of these recent trends and ambitious projects of which some are planned and others are being implemented, each of which preludes on its own way a renewed relation and rediscovery of the waterfront.
8 4 5 1
3
7
24
25
22
21 20
27 19 23
26
14
6
29 2
12 13
26
10 9
28
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
17 11 18
14
26
bridge
25 26 27 28
ferry
29
tunnel
Manhattan Island (MI) Ellis Island (EI) Liberty Island (LI) Mill Rock (MR) Randall’s Island (RDI) Roosevelt Island (RVI) U Thant Island (UTI) Wards Island (WI) City Island (CI) Hunters Island (HTI) Rat Island (RI) North Brother Island (NVI) South Brother Island (SBI) Rikers Island (RKI) The Canarsie Pol (CP) Ruffle Bar (RB) High Island (HGI) Hart Island (HI) Hoffman Island (HMI) Isle of Meadows (IOM) Pralls Island (PLI) Shooters Island (SHI) Swinburne Island (SI) Governors Island (GI) Brooklyn (BKN) Queens (Q) Staten Island (SI) Bronx (B) New Jersey (NJ)
THE ARCHIPELAGO THAT IS NY
15
16
The New York City area consists of
being a testing ground for experimental
several islands. Connected by means
architectural models.
of program and function, these islands
However over time, some functions have
form a part of a larger ensemble: an
fallen into disuse. With the refocus on
archipelago.
the waterfront in the last decade, New
Essential to Manhattan’s evolution are
York’s islands reappear into picture. The
the islands in its surroundings, wether
network holding together the cluster of
they contain the programs not desired
islands to form New York City is under
but nevertheless indispensable to the city
a constant process of change and is as
(heavy industries, asylums, ...), forming
agile as the tidal pulse of the ocean it
a protection against the elements (taking
is embraced by. Constantly shifting its
the force out of storm surges), containing
functionality, relationship with the other
the domesticated heterotopias necessary
islands and its own appearance, it is clear
to a city (like prisons, hospitals, ...) or
that these islands are not a constant.
27
Render image of West8 Masterplan for Governors Island
Render image of West8 Masterplan for Governors Island
Render image of Governors Island and public space master plan by West8
28
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill Masterplan technology centre Roosevelt Island
Two island projects are about to begin
a destination, a park of pleasure. The
construction: a public park and housing
first phase of the masterplan began
development on Governors Island and
construction in the summer of 2012.
the construction of a technological
On Roosevelt Island a new masterplan
centre on Roosevelt Island. International
by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill contains
renowned
the design for a new technological
architectural
offices
are
assigned to design the plans.
university and a tech campus. This
The masterplan of West8 consists out
project aims to be the new Silicon Valley
of the redevelopment of Governors
and has the support of major businesses
Island into a public accessible park in
in the field (Google, Facebook, Ebay, ...).
combination with housing developments.
The campus is planned to break ground
The focus of the design is creating a
in 2014.
sustainable, car-free, recreation park; 29
Image of the East River Ferry arriving at the Dumbo ferry stop with the Manhattan Bridge in the background.
public ferry by company New York Waterways New York Water Taxi Liberty Landing Marina New York Ferry Seastreak East River Ferry New Jersey Ferry Governors Island Ferry Billy Bey Staten Island Ferry
This ferry initiative encourages the use of the ferry as a leisure activity.
30
Right page map shows the different public ferry compagnies active in the New York - New Jersey Upper bay
FERRY NET-WORK
With the migration out of the city of
ferry transported over 1 million costumers
waterfront industrial activity more and
between its five stops in Brooklyn and its
more people live and recreate at the
two stops in Manhattan. In this way the
waterfront. The ferry as a way of mass
ferry provides in a pleasant north-south
public transport is gradually becoming a
connection over the East River.
valuable alternative to the subway.
The ferry network is also of critical
This is most clearly illustrated by 21
importance
million passengers annually on the
providing in an easy and affordable way
Staten Island ferry. It is part of the daily
towards the islands with their museums.
Staten Island-Manhattan commute, a
As opposed to the grey network of
not to be underestimated economical
congested streets and noise, or the
importance to the City.
dark network of the underground, one
A second example is the success of the
of the main assets of the blue network is
East River Ferry, a pilot program initiated
perhaps that it is a water highway
in the wake of the Vision 2020, New
without speed limits, congestion or noise
York’s City Comprehensive Waterfront
within a stunning environment.
to
the
tourism
sector,
Plan. After its first year of operation, the 31
Image of a waste transfer station in Gowanus Canal currently being transformed to cope with the new requirements.
Image of the East 91st Street marine waste-transfer station, Manhattan, neighboring the Asphalt Green recreational facility. Despite great community protest preperations for reopening the site are in progress.
Image of the Pier 52 marine waste-transfer station, Manhattan
32
Under
the
Administration,
Mayor a
new
MARINE WASTE TRANSFER
Bloomberg solid
waste
since the last landfill closed its doors in 2001. In particular the neighborhoods
management program is taking place.
surrounding
The main objective is to reduce the
Creek (Brooklyn) and Jamaica (Queens)
environmental and social impact of heavy
are responsible for nearly 65 percent of
garbage-truck-traffic on the access roads
NYC’s waste handling. By stimulating
to New York City. A total amount of about
waste transfer by barge (1barge= 28
2000 long-haul trucking trips a day are
tractor-trailer trucks) instead of waste
moving 22 thousand tons of garbage on
transfer by long-haul trucks, the impact
a daily base from waste transfer stations
on these communities can be reduced
(WTS) to landfills outside of the City
and distributed more evenly.
South
Bronx,
Newtown
33
Image of a garbage truck dumping recyclable paper in a barge at a waste transfer station in Staten Island.
Image of two barges filled with waste transported by a tugboat.
Image of the construction of the Sims recycling factory at Sunset Park. The recycling factory will be fully operational by 2014.
34
consumer
waste transfer station
recycling factory
consumer
compressed & transferred
collected
sorted & recycled
current system consumer
waste transfer station
recycling factory
empty full collected
collected
compressed
sorted & recycled recycled material
optimal system
waste current system ideal system
The current recycled material
system
that
waste implemented
proposes
to
closing the loop
will
be
be taken one step further by allowing
ship
the
recycled goods to be distributed back into
locally collected waste towards a landfill
the city through these “waste” transfer
or recycling centre. The city’s waste
stations. In this way fuel consumption/
management
incentivizes
pollution will be reduced dramatically
recycling, and a brand new recycling
as in the current system the carriers of
centre in Sunset park is soon to be
goods (trucks and barges) are empty
operational. Since the main objective is
during half of their trips. Especially if
to cut down on transport costs and the
focussed on industrial sites with selective
associated pollution, this system could
recyclables and products.
current system ideal system
plan
also
35
Video of a Walmart promotional video of the recyclable pizza boxes.
Image of the collection and compression of the recyclable boxes in a Walmart store.
Image of a Walmart truck transporting the 100% recycled boxes.
36
consumer
recycling factory
WA LM
ART
collected
sorted & recycled
The closed loop process of the recycled cardboard in Walmart.
casestudy: walmart boxes By firstly collecting and compacting the cardboard waste at the stores and transporting the cardboard packaging directly to the box supplier, Walmart has succeeded in closing the cardboard waste loop. Not only do they limit the usage of new resources for their cardboard production, they also dropped fuel costs by 30% by ensuring the trucks take as much full trips as possible. The same carrier is used to carry the “waste� and return the recycled product.
37
III. INTERVENTION
My design intervention is the transformation of a pier on the Navy Yard into a versatile, active and productive waterfront development which the Brooklyn of tomorrow has in mind. The proposition consists of the superposition of different programs with different scales of impact into one design on one location which ensures a strong exchange on a wide range of people and issues. By combining this extra-ordinary program, East River Exchange takes full advantage of the unique qualities and site specific conditions of the Navy Yard and its surroundings.
S
Small
the
M
scale. At the smallest level,
design
revitalizes
the
unused
Medium scale. By plugging the Navy Yard into the East River Ferry network by
infrastructure of pier g and the underused
means of a ferry stop, there is also met
industrial hardscape of the Navy Yard.
with the poor public transport accessibility of the Yard. Combining the facilities of the ferry stop with an extended stay hotel intended for business expats, a space of daily interaction and exchange has been set up. Additionally, the prime location in the vicinity of Lower East Side Manhattan provides for a strong asset in awareness from and for the Yard.
40
L
Large
XL
scale. On a wider range, the
SCALES OF IMPACT Xtra Large scale. Of course this waste
intervention utilizes the existing access
transfer station adds into spreading the
roads for heavy traffic in combination
daily impact of waste transfer in a more
with the active use of the waterfront
even manner throughout the borough and
and its location in a wide industrial area
especially the Newtown Creek district.
by installing a marine waste transfer
Reduced emissions and reduced traffic
station.
are some of the positive consequences for the wellbeing of the City in general.
41
IV. DESIGN
The superposition of a recyclables/waste transfer station, a business hotel and a naval entrance to the Yard provides for an intense internal and external, visual and physical exchange which is reflected by the openness of the architecture itself. Instead of hiding the recycling process in a sealed off and closed building, the design actively and openly displays the art of moving trash for the many passengers of the East River. In this way the building promotes the importance of recycling. The awareness of a building at this particular site is enormous and can be utilized to educate and inform the greater public that there’s no garbage, there’s no away. East River Exchange marks the transition from land to water, from truck to barge, from public to industrial. It is the versatile and productive activation of a waterfront infrastructure.
3
2 1
4 5
1
access platform
2
waste tipping floor
3
business / extended stay hotel
4
office building
5
storage
44
OVERVIEW
The design consists of three main
elements: the ferry platform (1) acts as an additional entrance for the commuting Navy Yard tenant; the industrial recycling program divided into a waste tipping floor (2) and a storage facility (5) for the temporarily storing of recycled goods and the extended stay business hotel (3) on top. 45
2 5
3 4
1
8
7
WASTE CIRCULATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
46
access ramp weighbridge feeder pre-load compacter and storage buffer deodorizer/ dust collector barge mooring zone unloading bay storage sorting bay truck loading bay
ider
visitor
m/ verwelkingsbalie
air curtain weighbridge
changing rooms bathroom
loading bay
dust filter dumping platform exhaust air
deodorizer compacter
storage
feeder
loading dock
unloading dock
Scheme of The Marine Waste/Recyled goods Transfer system
9 10
6
WASTE CIRCULATION
Trucks loaded with refuse or recyclables
drive up the ramp to dump their cargo in the feeder which in turn compacts the materials and acts as a buffer for the time irregularities in the waste disposal. At the same time recycled materials stored in the sorting bay can be loaded into the trucks. By allowing both processes to be applied simultaneously the system provides the trucks to be used for transporting the used and new goods. 47
48
structure
The structure of the building interacts on
maneuver smoothly thanks the fewer
a wide range of different levels.
number of columns. The Vierendeel
First of all it is designed to withstand
trusses on the upper floor allow the
the heavy mobile loads of the trucking
hotel rooms to have a clear view on the
process while at the same time carrying
surroundings.
the loads of the hotel on the upper floor.
Also, the oblique form of the columns
Secondly the specific shape of the
smoothly phasing out mimics the waves
structure is designed to maintain clear
of the water and refers metaphorically to
passage for its different users and
the transition of land to water.
usages. The first floor, designed for
Lastly the structure ensures the full
pedestrians/bikers
openness and visibility on the processes
allows
to
wonder
through a series of oblique columns.
at work in this building.
Trucks on the second floor are able to
49
4
5
1
3
2
PUBLIC CIRCULATION 1 2 3 4 5
ferry landing ticket office / info / hotel check-in 33 m2 hotel unit 21 m2 hotel unit communal facilities
PUBLIC CIRCULATION The first floor and upper floor contain the public program of this building. The ferry deck allows for a direct connection to the Navy Yard industrial site and to the business hotel. The hotel itself takes full advantage of the stunning 360 view on top.
50
4 3 2 1
5
OFFICE BUILDING 1 2 3 4 5
ticket office / info / hotel check-in changing rooms / sanitation canteen / office break room control room / administration warehouse
office building Located centrally in the design, the office building supports and ensures the smooth operation of all other, both public and industrial functions in the building.
51
52
image displaying the north facade
53
54
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
The ferry platform allows commuters
of the building piercing through the ferry
to wait for their ferry covered for the
deck allows for an exiting sensation
elements. This public platform reaches
wondering through these oblique set of
out into the volume of the office which at
columns. The impression of being on a
this level contains a ticket service for the
deck and not on solid ground is increased
ferry and provides as well the services for
by the voids in the platform.
the hotel at the upper floor. The structure
55
56
PLAN LEVEL 1
The office contains at this level changing
rooms for the staff of the office, for the laborers active in the waste/recycling facility and for the truck drivers starting their daily shift. The preload compacter and storage buffer receives its content from the second floor and releases it in the waiting barge at the ground floor.
57
60
PLAN LEVEL 2
Trucks arriving at the second floor go through a process of being weighted on the weighbridge, dumping their cargo in
the feeder and leaving this level. The system is designed to prevent traffic jams from happening by allowing at least two trucks using the infrastructure simultaneously. At this level the office consists out of the canteen with kitchen and an office break room.
61
62
PLAN LEVEL 3
The office contains at this floor the actual administration and control room for the coordination of the marine waste and recycling transfer station. From their elevated position within the building
they can observe and supervise the neighboring processes.
63
*
*
*
*
*
66
* * * *
PLAN LEVEL 4
The hotel is targeting business expats of the Navy Yard to fulfill a need that originated with the division of the Navy Yard into many smaller companies. This hotel allows for an extended stay for the expats by providing communal
facilities, rooms with a small kitchen and a stunning view on the surroundings. The hotel contains thirteen 33m2 rooms and fourteen 21m2 rooms.
67
*
*
*
*
*
68
*
*
*
*
ROOF PLAN
By extending the roofs of the hotel a
gallery is created ensuring a comfortable and dry circulation at the upper floor. The canopy also provides for a sense of reassurance against the powerful and intense background of the Navy Yard.
69
SOUTHEAST ELEVATION
The access ramp takes a turn to allow the commuters to pass underneath the slope towards the ferry platform. Five loading bays provide for the loading of the stored recycled goods into the trucks.
72
NORTHWEST ELEVATION A small remnant of the old pier g is still present, submersed by the sea. The four stories of the office building have an open view on the ferry deck and the dumping platform.
73
74
northeast ELEVATION The closer the wave-like supporting
structure gets to the mainland the stronger it fades away. The structure also allows for a very dynamic perception of the building.
75
76
southwest ELEVATION At
this
facade
barges
containing
recycled goods can unload their freight at the storage facility. The now empty barge continues its way and is filled with the refuse dumped by the pre-load compacter and storage buffer. When the barge is filled with refuse, 28 trucks later, it returns to the recycling facility to restart the cycle.
77
78 78
southwest section
This section reveals an exciting staircase
making its way upwards, swinging in between the oblique columns. In addition with the voids left open in the upper level, these elements ensures a strong exchange of impressions for its users.
79 79
80
SOUTHEAST SECTION 1
The section shows the process of unloading a barge of recycled goods which are place in the storage hall. The passageway for the pedestrians / bikers towards the ferry platform is stashed under the access ramp for trucks.
81
82
SOUTHEAST SECTION 2 The section reveals the superposition
of the programs, yet at the same time ensuring a strong exchange between its different usages and users.
83
84
WALL
SITE PLAN
The revitalized pier g containing the design is easily accessible for trucks since the Navy Yard’s road infrastructure is still equipped to deal with heavy industrial usage. Barges waiting to be unloaded can also queue easily thanks to the location of the pier in line with the land mass.
85
V. EPILOGUE
educational recycling centre
ferry
manufacturing
cultural East River Exchange
park hotel waste transfer station
Brooklyn Navy Yard
88
the bigger picture
East River Exchange is of course only
educational
one node in a larger network of several
activities, ... to highlight the importance
marine waste transfer station across
of this new way of handling waste. In this
Brooklyn and Manhattan. The Sunset
way exchange with the East River can
Park recycling facility will be fully
be transformed into the versatile and rich
operational by 2014 and will be able to
network by allowing a productive and
receive recyclables by barge.
active waterfront to coexist in an evenly
Often these new infrastructures are
manner along with leisure activities,
combined with other facilities , e.a
housing and ecological waterscapes.
centers,
parks,
leisure
89
VI. ADDENDUM
92
As the large variation in models suggests
huge step in my personal development
this year of designing was one of a
as an architect and even more in my
rather large evolution. In retrospect the
own design process by spending so
principal ideas of the final design were
much time on one subject. Of course
there, albeit latent, from the very start.
‘East River Exchange’ is merely one
However these ideas need time to mature
implementation of a bigger idea: that
into concepts with ultimately a design
waterfront development should be as
as a final result. A thesis allows you to
divers as possible to ensure its resilience
spend this time to think, design, rethink
and adaptivity to the constantly shifting
and redesign again. In this way it was a
conditions of the New York Metropole.
93
VII. REFERENCES
p13
Bing Maps, “[satellite image of the Navy Yard industrial site]”, image, Bingmaps.co. Accessed on August 18, 2013. http://be.bing.com/maps/.
p 14
Anon, “[pier c Brooklyn Navy Yard Railway.]”, Photograph. June 27, 1937. Brooklyn Navy Yard Corp. archives.
p 18-19 NYCityMap, “[historical images of the piers on the Navy Yard]”, NYC.gov, Accessed May 15, 2013. http://maps.nyc.gov/doitt/nycitymap/. p25
Bing Maps, “[satellite image of the New York, New Jersey Upper Bay]”, image, Bingmaps.co. Accessed on August 18, 2013. http://be.bing.com/maps/.
p26
Google Maps, “[Image of the islands surrounding Manhattan]”, image, Google. Accessed May 18, 2013. https://maps.google.com.
p28
West8, “[render images of the masterplan for Governors Island by West8]”, Accessed August 19, 2013. http://www.west8.nl/projects/all/governors_island/.
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p29 Lange, Alexandra, “Silicon Island.”, The New Yorker, October 15, 2012. Chaykowski, Kathleen, “New York Chases Silicon Valley With Roosevelt Island Site.“, Bloomberg Business Week, August 17, 2012. O’brien, Jane, “New York’s Roosevelt Island to get technology campus”, Video, BBC News, June 26, 2012, Accessed December 14, 2012, http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbusiness-18601815.
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p30
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p32
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p33 HabitatMap; Organisation of Waterfront Neighborhoods,“Barge NYC’s Garbage.”, August, 2011. HabitMap.org. Accessed February 27, 2013. http://www.habitatmap.org/habitatmap_docs/BargeNYC’sGarbage.pdf.
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p34
Anton, Michael, “paper recycling in Staten Island”, New York City Department of Sanitation, November 1, 2007, Accessed on August 17, 2013. http://www.flickr.com/photos/nycsanitation/7979390916/in/photostream/.
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p36 Anon, “The Secret Life of a Deli Pizza Box’, Video, 2010, Chatfield Productions. Accessed on August 17, 2013. http://vimeo.com/9892027. Clifford, Stephanie, “Unexpected Ally Helps Wal-Mart Cut Waste”, The New York Times, April 13, 2013. Accessed August 17, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/14/business/wal-mart-and-environmental-fund- team-up-to-cut-waste.html?_r=0. Anon, “[Image of Wal-mart bundling cardboard waste]”, 2012, The New York Times Company, April 13, 2013. Accessed August 17, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/14/business/wal-mart-and-environmental-fund- team-up-to-cut-waste.html?_r=1&.
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