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Geography

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The Easy Way to English

09–10

may–june 2012 Volume 15

being trapped by

santigold Summer music collection (p. 30)

DARK HERO The end of Batman? (p. 10)

MOLE IN TROUBLE Townsend’s screamingly funny book (p. 16)

DRESS UP, LADIES! Fashion tips for the holidays (p. 36)

Es T GAra pageary ext ement l in e english

1

c2 o n t e n t s Sport 4–5 Olympic Games

Body Language Every Move You Make

22–23

GATE: Elementary – Pre-Intermediate English Supplements

Archaeology 6–7 Menhirs in the UK and the Czech Republic

Animals 24–25 Butterflies and Moths

Planet 38 Rainbow

Geography 8–9 Czech Chateaux

Language 25 Ryan’s Cultural Blues

Technology 39 Cool or Silly Gadgets?

Art 10–12 Films, Exhibitions

Language 26 What Is Going On?

Lifestyle 40–41 Too Cool for School

Music 13 Summer Festivals

Strange Stories Weird News

27

Holidays 42 Let’s Celebrate

Maturita / Canada Vancouver

14–15

Comics 28–29 The Art of Comics Throughout History

Animals 43 Fluffy Friends

Literature 16–17 Sue Townsend: The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole

Music 30–31 Turn On the Music Player

on www.bridge-online.cz

Literature 18 R. L. Stevenson: Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde

Comic Strip 32–33 Times Are Changing (British History, 1970s–present)

Sport Interview with Tennis Player Petra Kvitová

Maturita / Listening Exam Time – Higher Level

19

Competition 34–35 Photo Competition Winners

Geography More on Czech Castles and Chateaux

Event 20 Queen Elizabeth’s Diamond Jubilee

Fashion 36 Fashion Forward This Summer

Comics Watchmen

Architecture 21 Product-shaped Buildings

Photo Story An Adventure on Wheels

Extra articles

37

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2012 | May–June | BRIDGE

info

Bridge Volume 15 Issue 09–10 (May–June 2012) Monthly magazine for English-language students Bridge Publishing House Ševce Matouše 22 140 00 Praha 4 Registration in the CR MK ČR E 7634 Bank account Banka ČSOB, Praha 4 Account no.: 111790180/0300 Editor-in-chief Marie Dosoudilová sormova@bridge-online.cz Phone: 241 445 735 Senior marketing manager Jan Dosoudil info@bridge-online.cz Phone: 241 444 272 Editors Joanna Coleman, Tereza Harbichová, Jacy Meyer, Jo Molloy, Zuzana Pernicová, Ryan Scott, Josef Šorm, Pavla Štanclová redakce@bridge-online.cz Phone: 241 444 268 Correspondents Vít Bohal, Pearl Harris, Jane Haward, Nigel Haward, Alex Jordan, Mary Matz, Patrick Phillips, Hana Škrdlová, Michael Ynsua Proofreading Gareth Bowers Subscription Michaela Hardtová Phone: 241 443 003 Photo Archive, Allphoto, iStockphoto Graphic design Pavel and Ondřej Strnad

Dear Readers, Since this is the last issue of Bridge for this school year, I would like to thank you, our readers, for subscribing to the magazine. I also want to thank all my colleagues and contributors who worked their best to make sure that what you get is worth reading. As a special treat, and a better way to say thank you, we have extended this issue to 44 pages and included texts with very easy English.

I’m going to cut my ‘speech’ short, and pass the pen to Jacy Meyer, who wrote a piece on what word can trigger the best look in your photos. It’s one way to say thanks for the amazing quality of the photo competition entries. Only a few could win, but we can all go…

Smile pleaaaaaase!

How do you produce the best smile in photos? When someone is taking your picture in English‑speaking countries, the photographer tells you to say cheese. Funnily enough, the word is the same in Czech: sýr. Both words force your lips to go wide, hopefully in a smile shape.

How do people get the grins in other countries? In Bulgaria, for example, they say cabbage and in China they’ll ask for some eggplant. Spanish photographers ask for potatoes, while up north in Sweden they are looking for an omelette. Food does seem to be the most popular; Germans will make you say spaghetti and the Danes want you to say orange. Latin American countries may

Easy‑English Supplement This issue contains six extra pages of easy-English articles. Next year every other Bridge issue will contain these extra pages so that the magazine is accessible to even more readers.

WWW WWW AUDIO CD maturita BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

Correction

Summer Competitions

We apologize for two mistakes that appeared in the Preliminary English Test in the April issue. On page 20, the reading exercise with the question What will Sonja’s mother do? should be numbered as 4, not as 2. On page 28, the pictures don’t match question 2 (What has the girl forgotten to bring?).

These pictures should replace them:

This issue is packed with competitions. You can win tickets to summer music festivals, to an exhibition at the Rudolfinum and to an aquapark. There are also CDs from Post Bellum and Oxford Bookworms prizes. Good luck!

Solutions

Facebook Competition

The magazine does not accept advertisements.

TEACHERS' FILE

Best wishes and keep smiling!

Yours, Marie Dosoudilová and Jacy Meyer

Miss It

Publication date 30. 4. 2012

BRAIN TEASER

be thinking of something else when they are trying to get you to smile – they’ll demand you say whisky.

So which word can create the best and most natural looking smile? A Danish photographer did some research and the winning word was French, and it was not a food.

Saying ouistiti [wistiti], which is a little monkey, will apparently make you look happy and beautiful.

Don’t

Printing Česká Unigrafie, a. s.

Key to Icons

3

Something New Starting in this issue, we will feature a comic strip from the popular Calvin and Hobbes, created by Bill Watterson. Calvin is an overly imaginative, energetic, mischievous (naughty) eight-year-old boy.

Hobbes is his stuffed toy tiger, which Calvin believes is very much alive.

The two of them get into all kinds of trouble, usually when Calvin takes his make-believe games too far.

Keep checking our Facebook page because there will be a special competition from June to August for you! We will give you 100 Bridge keyholders, 100 canteens and 100 printed copies of Mary Matz’s book!

Music Competition Winners The winners of Charlie Straight CDs are Romana Domabylová (Plzeň), Andrea Žaludová (Lovosice), Robert Zunt (Ostrava), Josef Swaczyna (Frýdek Místek) and Eliška Zaoralová (Brno). Congratulations!

p. 4–5 1H (archery, i – individual), 2C (football, c – collective), 3D (fencing, i), 4F (field hockey, c), 5A (basketball, c), 6G (100m sprint, i), 7E (boxing, i), 8B (synchronized swimming, c) pp. 8–9 Czech Chateaux: 1A, 2D, 3A, 4C, 5B, 6D p. 19 Exam Time: Solution in Teacher’s File (TF) Recording Scripts p. 20 British National Anthem: 1 gracious, 2 noble, 3 send, 4 happy, 5 reign p. 26 On: 1 has, 2 is, 3 get p. 38 Rainbow: C pp. 40–41 Too Cool for School: 1T, 2F, 3F, 4T, 5F p. 42 Let’s Celebrate (possible answers): A Sleeping Day, B TV Marathon Day, C Pyjamas Day, D No Lies Day

4

spor t

A Basketball

B Synchronized Swimming

C Football

D Fencing

e boxing

The OLYMPIC FLAME World‑famous games in London

A

thletes from all over the world will compete for over three hundred sets of medals. Around 17,000 athletes have a chance to climb the podium, showered with fame and glory. The tournament will be held between July 26 and August 12.

London beat1 Paris in tough (hard) competition and won the right to organize the games for the third time

in history. They were held in London in 1908 and 1948 (the 1944 Olympics were postponed2 due to the Second World War).

204 nations are expected to participate in 26 individual and collective sports.

Interestingly, baseball and softball are missing from the Olympics this year as they were dropped (taken away) from the games.

Patrick Phillips (USA)

Czechs in the Olympics We can expect between 130 and 155 Czech athletes in the Olympic Games.

Athletes have to meet special sporting standards set3 by the Olympic Committee to be allowed to take part in the games.

These will be decided by June 20.

Czech water sportsmen have traditionally done well and have a good chance of winning. Hopes are high for Ondřej Synek, single sculls (rowing) silver medal winner in the last Olympics in Beijing.

The same can be said about long‑distance swimmer Jana Pechanová and table tennis player Iveta Vacenovská.

They are attending thanks to their outstanding performances in other sports championships around the world.

Air‑rifle shooter Kateřina Emmons brought home two medals from the last games, so fingers crossed for her!

Another potential (possible) medal winner is javelin thrower Barbora Špotáková, who is one of the top athletes in the Czech Republic. The only Czechs competing in team (collective) sports that have a chance of winning are the women’s basketball team, if they qualify.

Jakub Turek (CR) www.horydoly.cz

2012 | May–June | BRIDGE

5

ta s k

f Field Hockey

Can you guess which Olympic sports we are writing about? Try to match each picture with its description. Which of them are individual and which are collective or team sports?

1 _________________ The point of this sport is to score a bull’s eye (hit the centre). Robin Hood was very good at it. There are two main pieces of equipment4 for this sport: a bow and an arrow. One piece the player keeps, the other he sends away.

2 _________________ This sport is played on a pitch if you speak British English, or a field in American English.

What you score and what you defend are the same word. (Yes, the goal.) Anyone can play this sport, just don´t forget to bring the ball!

3 _________________ This is a combat (fighting) sport which was originally used as a way for rich men to settle5 disagreements. When you see them in a ‘duel’* nowadays, they could be mistaken for bee‑keepers because their heads are protected by masks and they are dressed in white. Their weapons? Different types of swords.

4 _________________ This game is similar to football, but played with sticks and a smaller ball. Its winter cousin is more popular around the world.

5 _________________ This game is played on a court; players who are tall have some advantage. It was invented

by Dr James Naismith in 1891, and was inspired by a basket of peaches. In recent years it has been dominated by US athletes from The Dream Team.

6 _________________ This sport starts with a shot. If you want to be good at this sport you must run as fast as a ‘Bolt of lightning’•. An average day at work for these athletes is about ten seconds.

g 100 m sprint

7 _________________ This sport takes place in a square ring. It is called The Sweet Science, but actually it is quite brutal. Only gentlemen and ladies wearing gloves may participate.

tennis great Perhaps the biggest Czech star is 22-year-old tennis player Petra Kvitová from Bílovec. Last year she won the most famous tennis tournament, Wimbledon, and the Women’s Championship in Istanbul. She has begun this year with success, winning the Hopman Cup alongside Tomáš Berdych.

How long have you played tennis?

Since I was a really young child. I always went with my dad and brothers to the tennis courts, and I started picking up a racket and ball. I was probably about four years old – so I can say I’ve been playing tennis since about that age.

Read the whole interview on the Bridge website, “Extra články” section.

BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

8 _________________ When you watch this sport, you may think you are seeing double. It takes place in the water. To do well, team members must move at the same time. It used to be called water ballet.

Solution on p. 3

h Archery

V O C A B U LARY 1 to beat [bi;t] – porazit 2 to postpone [p@Us(t)"p@Un] – odložit, odsunout 3 to meet ... set – splnit ... nastavené 4 equipment [I"kwIpm(@)nt] – vybavení 5 to settle ["set(@)l] – vyřešit, urovnat

GLO SSARY * duel – an arranged combat between two people under mutually agreed conditions

LANGUAGE POINT• Bolt of lightning – electric charge, also used to describe sth fast. Here it refers to Jamaican sprinter and five-time world and three-time Olympic gold medallist Usain Bolt.

6

archaeo l og y

The stones that Stonehenge is built from are called bluestones because they turn blue in wet weather. Some people still believe in their healing power.

STONES OF AGES Menhirs in the UK and the Czech Republic Everybody knows Stonehenge, the famous huge circle of stones near Salisbury in southern England. But only a few people know that we can find something similar (just much smaller) in the Czech Republic, too.

Such stone monuments, generally1 called megaliths, are the oldest surviving2 structures in the world. ‘Megalith’ is a word of Greek origin and means ‘a huge stone’.

Scientists use it for any kind of structure that our ancestors3 built from boulders4 and other large stones. We assume they organized ceremonies there, buried the dead and even watched stars, but we cannot be sure.

Although some people think megaliths were built by the Celts, this is not actually true.

They were built mostly during the Stone Age 4,000 to 7,000 years ago. Most are in western Europe, between the Mediterranean and Scandinavia, and of course in the British Isles.

If the Shepherd reaches the church, it's the end of the world!

Not just Stonehenge

Structures in France are usually found in a line, like Carnac in Brittany•; the British ones are usually in circles. The most famous is Stonehenge on Salisbury Plain in the county of Wiltshire. Some of the boulders are 8.5 metres tall and come from quarries5 that are 300 kilometres away.

But there are many other famous sites in Britain. Avebury village is partly surrounded by a circle of standing stones. They are two to four metres tall. Unfortunately, villagers in the past liked to use them as a building material, so there are only a third of them left now.

The Rollright Stones in Oxfordshire are 77 boulders making a circle called The King’s Men. There’s one single boulder called The King’s Stone and a group of stones named The Whispering Knights. It is said• that they whisper during sunrise.

All in all (altogether) there are about 1,300 stone circles from prehistory in Britain.

frederik velinský

The largest Czech menhir – the Stone Shepherd – stands near the village of Klobuky in Central Bohemia.

2012 | May–June | BRIDGE

7

The Shepherd and the Monk

With only a few exceptions, Czech menhirs are true dwarfs8. The largest one stands near the village of Klobuky (close to Slaný in Central Bohemia). It is 3.5 meters tall and called the Stone Shepherd. People say• that each time the church bells toll (ring), the Shepherd moves closer to the Klobuky church. When it reaches the outer wall, the world will end. Luckily, there seems to be a lot of distance left!

There are about 1,300 stone circles from prehistory in Britain.

Callanish Stones on the Isle of Lewis (the Hebrides) are sometimes called the Scottish Stonehenge. There are 13 main stones, up to five metres tall. Because there are more of these structures on the island, scientists believe they might have been an astronomical observatory.

STONE GIANTS CAN DANCE IN CIRCLES A standing boulder is called a ‘menhir’, which means ‘a long stone’ (see pic.1). Menhirs can stand alone but also in a circle (see pic. 2) or in a line (see pic. 3). The more complicated structures with stone ceilings and chambers are called ‘dolmens’ (see pic. 4).

Another well-known Czech menhir is the Enchanted9 Monk, a flat boulder in a field near the village of Drahomyšl, between Louny and Žatec (in Northern Bohemia).

Many people visit Drahomyšl because they feel positive energy from the stone. However, some people don’t feel anything, no matter how much they hug10 the stone, so we cannot be certain about its effect!

Rows above Kounov

There are sixteen rows of stones on the Rovina plateau11 near Kounov in the Rakovník region (Central Bohemia).

They are made of stones that are not more than 60 centimetres tall. According to archaeologists, these rows were made by people but unfortunately we cannot determine when. They are said• to be an observatory, but the sceptics believe they were just boundaries for medieval12 fields.

It is possible that some of the stones in the Czech Republic actually date back to13 the Stone Age. Czechs, however, have to go to France or Britain if they want to see true megaliths.

Frederik Velinský (CR) The author works as a journalist for the Sever regional channel of Czech Radio.

He has for many years popularized science in the weekly scientific programme Planetárium (www.rozhlas.cz/planetarium).

V oc a bu l a r y 1 generally – obecně 2 surviving [s@"vaIvIN] – dochovaný 3 ancestor ["&nsest@] – předek, předchůdce 4 boulder ["b@Uld@] – balvan 5 quarry ["kwQri] – (kameno)lom 6 shepherd ["Sep@d] – pastýř 7 monk [mVNk] – mnich BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

3 Linear rows of standing stones can be found mainly in France. With its 3,000 stones, the structure in Carnac (Brittany) is the largest megalithic collection in the world.

1 The largest menhir in the UK stands in the village of Rudston in East Yorkshire. It is nearly 8 metres tall.

2 The Ring of Brodgar is on the largest of the Orkney Islands (Scotland), called Mainland.

There were originally 60 boulders, but nowadays there are only 27 of them left.

8 dwarf [dwO;f] – trpaslík 9 enchanted [In"tSA;ntid, en-] – zakletý 10 to hug – obejmout 11 plateau ["pl&t@U] – náhorní plošina 12 medieval [medI"i;v(@)l, mi;-] – středověký 13 to date back to – pocházet (z doby)

4 The oldest dolmens in the Carnac area were built 1,000 years before the pyramids in Egypt.

Language points• Brittany (Bretaň) is a region in the north‑west of France, just across the English Channel from Britain. It was called Less, Lesser or Little Britain (as opposed to Great Britain) in the past.

To show that the fact we are stating is not confirmed, we can use ‘allegedly’ or

‘apparently’. However, we can also use phrases such as “It is said” as in: It is said that they whisper during sunrise, “People say” in People say that each time the church bells toll… or “They are said” in They are said to be an observatory. All these expressions mean that people generally accept the statements as true but there is no hard evidence.

8

G eograph y

Jacy Meyer (USA), Zuzana Pernicová (CR)

Living in a Dream The beauty of Czech chateaux

In the March issue you read about Czech castles, so now it is time to look at chateaux. While castles date back to the Middle Ages and were built for protection, chateaux are newer and were built as comfortable places to live.

Some Czech ones might make you feel as if you were in England or France.

Červená Lhota

Červená Lhota is a 16th‑century 1) ...... chateau, set on an island in the middle of a small pond1 surrounded by trees.

Surprisingly, it did not always have its typical red colour. Originally it was white; the red paint was first used in the 17th century. According to a local legend, a beautiful lady was kidnapped2 from the chateau by the devil, leaving red smears3 of blood on the walls. They were impossible to wash away, so they were covered by red paint. Despite the bloody legend, the chateau has an almost fairy-tale look.

ta s k

Hluboká nad Vltavou

“Wow!” is about all you can say when you see the Hluboká chateau up close4.

Originally a Gothic castle, it got its current look in the mid‑19th century when it was redesigned to become the official home of the Schwarzenberg dynasty. Its new appearance was inspired by the 2) ...... , especially by the Windsor Castle. It also includes a large park.

Try to fill in the missing names of the architectural styles. The photos and the information when the chateaux were built or rebuilt may help you. You will use options A and D twice.

A) Renaissance B) Baroque C) Rococo D) Tudor Gothic style (Neo‑Gothic style inspired by the architectural style of the Tudor period, 1485–1603, in England) Solution on p. 3

2012 | May–June | BRIDGE

9

Velké Losiny

Originally a small Gothic stronghold5, it was rebuilt as a 3) ...... chateau in the 16th century by the Žerotíns, one of the richest Moravian aristocratic families. Inside, you can see valuable old furnishings, including a 16th‑century tiled stove6, one of the oldest preserved in the Czech Republic. In the late 17th century, Velké Losiny was the centre of a witch‑hunt7. The tribunal (special court) met in the chateau and sentenced8 56 people to death by burning.

Nové Hrady

Close to the town of Litomyšl you can find this 4) ...... chateau built in the late 18th century. The builders used the style of French chateaux as a source of inspiration, and that is why the complex of buildings and ornamental gardens is nicknamed the Czech Versailles. Inside, you can find historical furniture and something you may not expect in a chateau – a bicycle museum. Nové Hrady also includes a farm where red deer9 and fallow deer10 are bred.

Lednice & Valtice

Kroměříž

Kroměříž palace was built as a residence for Olomouc bishops11. The original late Gothic structure was destroyed in the Thirty Years’ War, and a grand 5) ...... palace replaced it. Its gardens, with interesting buildings including the colonnade, Chinese Pavilion and the rotunda, are one of the most significant12 examples of garden architecture in Europe. Interiors of the palace appeared in Miloš Forman’s Oscar-winning film Amadeus.

However, they represented the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, not Kroměříž.

BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

These two Moravian chateaux are connected by a unique landscape complex, which was built by the Lichtenstein family in the 19th century. There are a lot of hunting lodges13 within the Lednice-Valtice Area, and also small structures built mainly for decoration (such as the Apollo Temple or the Minaret).

Lednice chateau (pictured) was built in a romantic 19th‑century 6) ...... , and is surrounded by gardens and a beautiful park.

Valtice chateau was originally built in the late 12th century, but owes much of its style to Baroque reconstruction. It is so close to the Austrian border that it wasn’t until 1919 that it actually became a part of the Czech lands.

Read about some other Czech castles and chateaux on the Bridge website.

V oc a bu l a r y 1 pond [pQnd] – rybník 2 to kidnap ["kIdn&p] – unést 3 smear [smI@] – šmouha 4 up close – zblízka 5 stronghold – tvrz 6 tiled stove [taIld st@Uv] – kachlová kamna

7 witch‑hunt [wItS hVnt] – čarodějnické procesy 8 to sentence ["sent@ns] – odsoudit 9 red deer – jelen 10 fallow deer ["f&l@U] – daněk 11 bishop ["bIS@p] – biskup 12 significant [sIg"nIfIk(@)nt] – významný 13 hunting lodge [lQdZ] – lovecký zámeček

10

ar t

BATMAN’S ENEMIES Ra’s al Ghul – he wants to keep the world in order. He believes that when a city becomes corrupt it should be destroyed.

The Scarecrow – he is a psychiatrist and works for Ra’s al Ghul. He uses a special drug, which gives the victim terrible hallucinations.

Two Face – he was originally a good lawyer who was helping Batman.

After an accident when half of his face was burnt he went crazy.

The Batman film trilogy ends this summer with The Dark Knight Rises Do you like comics? For sure you know who Batman is. But do you know what his other names are or who he must fight against?

Batman was created (made) by the artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger in the 1930s. Since that time, he’s had different names like Bat-Man, the Dark Knight or even the World’s Greatest Detective. In his normal life he is American millionaire Bruce Wayne. As a child he saw the murder of his parents and decided to avenge2 them by fighting criminals.

Batman is not only a comic book character. He also appears in television series and movies. Tim Burton and Joel Schumacher both made two

Batman movies in the 1990s. Later, in 2005, Christopher Nolan returned to the character with his Batman Begins, which was quite popular. Nolan’s work continued with The Dark Knight in 2008 and is going to end this year with The Dark Knight Rises. The story takes place eight years after Batman’s biggest enemy, the Joker, was caught. Batman is hunted by the police because they wrongly think that he killed Harvey Dent (Two Face). He will fight villain Bane and meet the mysterious Selina Kyle (Catwoman).

Josef Šorm (CR)

V oc a bu l a r y

The Joker – nobody knows where he came from. His only goal is to destroy Batman psychologically and destroy order in Gotham.

He has no special ability but nothing can break him.

Catwoman – she is a mysterious character who sometimes fights Batman and sometimes is in love with him. She wears a black costume and usually uses a whip as a weapon.

Bane – a dangerous villain who wears a mask. He is the only enemy who ever broke (defeated) Batman.

1 knight [naIt] – rytíř 2 avenge [@"vendZ] – pomstít

2012 | May–June | BRIDGE

11

FROM DENMARK

With Love

the oscar is flying away!

OH no!

The new romantic drama A Royal Affair

What would you do if you were a king? Would you use your power to get richer? Spend all your money on parties, clothes, fun? Or try to help your poor people?

That’s one of the questions in the new film, A Royal Affair. It’s a romantic and dramatic costume drama (set in the 18th century with elaborate costumes).

It’s all based on a true story about King Christian VII of Denmark (almost an idiot); his wife Caroline (exiled for having an affair); and Dr Johann Struensee (tortured and killed for loving Caroline).

The film ends with Caroline’s son Frederick (his father was the king) and her daughter Louisa (her father was the doctor) reading a letter Caroline wrote in exile. They learn all about their parents’ plotting, planning, and political treachery (tricks).

The letter explains everything to her children as well as to the audience.

Although the film is not completely historically accurate (true), it does retell a fascinating bit of Danish history. It’s true that King Christian was a silly boy when he came to power, raised only to love acting in the theatre and having silly fun. Shortly after her birth, Caroline was promised as his future wife, but met Christian only at the time of their wedding. As an educated, cultured woman, she was shocked to see “what” she had just married!

Eventually, the foreign doctor comes to work for Christian as an advisor. Slowly, Dr Struensee and Queen Caroline fall in love; they are both intellectuals and politicians. They manipulate King Christian into changing hundreds of laws, all to help improve the lives of the Danish people.

But of course, such a utopia can’t last forever, especially when the “1 percent” (the very, very rich) are frightened at the growing powers of the “99 percent” (the people). Politicians in the court plot to prove the affair between the doctor and the king’s wife, and that’s the beginning of their end.

The film is emotional and romantic. The scenery might look familiar to you because most of this film was shot in the Czech Republic. It has already won several European awards and is definitely worth watching.

Mary Matz (USA) BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

a HOT CANDIDATE FOR OSCARS! We are blessed yet again with another Hollywood masterpiece! The other day I went to see the film The Wrath of the Titans! It was incredible. The movie is not just about the special effects; it’s also a story of love, hate, betrayal, being a hero against your will and the importance of a wooden toy dagger!

The plot is so complicated that it would take ages to explain it. So, in a nutshell3: The evil Titan Kronos is being released and Perseus, his grandson, has to stop him because THERE IS NOBODY ELSE to do it! Perseus

“I’ve lost my power so I’m stronger.” is a demigod (half man, half god), which makes him even stronger than normal 100% gods because… (this is actually not explained, but never mind). So Perseus has to travel a lot and he finally throws a shiny spear4 into Kronos’ throat and kills him. This part is totally mind blowing!

Besides super-clever dialogue like “You will need it [a wooden toy dagger] more than me” or even

better “I’ve lost my power so I’m stronger”, you will also learn some useful facts. For example, if you spread mud all over yourself fire cannot hurt you or if a god loses his power he looks like Santa Claus.

It’s good to know that actors like Liam Neeson (Star Wars) or Ralph Fiennes (Harry Potter) can not only act in highbrow movies* like Schindler’s List, but are also not afraid to be a part of a controversial film like this one! The director and scriptwriter should absolutely receive an Oscar for their unorthodox approach to Greek mythology.

Josef Šorm (CR)

V O C A B U LARY 1 betrayal [bI"treI@l] – zrada 2 dagger ["d&g@] – dýka 3 in a nutshell – stručně 4 spear ["spI@] – kopí

GLO SSARY * masterpiece – a great work of art highbrow movies – highly intellectual films

12

ar t

FILM REVIEW

ART, CARTOONs

The story of Miluška Havlůjová (graphic design by Vojtěch Šeda)

Beauty and Criminals

One for the Money is an action/comedy‑crime film based on the book by Janet Evanovich, who’s written 18 “Stephanie Plum” best-sellers. They cross over from romance into action books both for men and women. Stephanie Plum is a young, unskilled woman, who accepts a weird job – chasing down minor (not so bad) criminals who’ve ‘skipped bail’. (This is when they are temporarily released from court after paying a fee and then avoid appearing in court.) If she can find them and take them to the police station, she gets a cash reward.

One for the Money is fast and funny; it contains just enough innocent nudity to keep the guys alert, and two very fit men to keep the girls entertained.

Mary Matz (USA)

Exhibition

We Are Still at War

If you enjoy cartoons and history, you might like the exhibition We Are Still at War: Stories of the 20th Century.

It is based on a cartoon book published by the Post Bellum association. Historians and journalists from Post Bellum interviewed eyewitnesses* of major political events from the 20th century, like war veterans, political prisoners* and resistance fighters*. The cartoons are based on these people’s stories. Thirteen Czech and Slovak cartoonists participated in creating the comics, which are in both colour and black and white.

It will travel to Roztoky (May 24 – September 2), and then Pardubice, Brno and Ostrava. It will also be shown at the Komiksfest festival in Prague in October 2012.

The story of Miluška Havlůjová

Miluška was born in 1929. Her parents were part of the resistance1. After February 1948 their property was confiscated2 and her father was unjustly sentenced to prison. Miluška informed her friends in the West about the conditions in work camps but was caught by the secret police. They tortured3 her and forced her to collaborate with them. She refused and was sent to prison. After the Velvet Revolution she became the mayor4 of Rudná.

Jacy Meyer (USA) www.postbellum.cz

Dirt and Coal in Photography

Usually when we think of artistic photography we imagine portraits or landscapes. The photos of Bernd & Hilla Becher certainly contain images of the land, but the focus is on industry, not nature.

Almost one hundred black‑and‑white photographs in this exhibition show how the various industries interact with, and form a part of, their environment, specifically the Ruhr Valley region in Germany, which has long been associated with coal and steel production. These photos are displayed together with photos from other industrial sites from around the world.

Ryan Scott (Australia)

com p e t i t i o n If you want to win the audio documentaries about the real Czech heroes of the 20th century on CD, answer the following question: When was the non‑profit organization Post Bellum founded? Send an e-mail to competition@bridge-online.cz with your answer, your name and the name of your school by May 20, subject: Post Bellum.

V O C A B U LARY com p e t i t i o n Win a poster and two tickets to this exhibition. Bernd and Hilla Becher are considered to be pioneers of what kind of photography? Send an email to competition@bridge-online.cz with your answer, by May 20, subject: Rudolfinum.

1 resistance [rI"zIst(@)ns] – odbojové hnutí 2 to confiscate ["kQnfIskeIt] – zabavit 3 to torture – mučit 4 mayor [me@] – starosta

g lo s s a r y * eyewitnesses – people who were at an event and saw it with their own eyes

political prisoners – people who were put in jail for opposing the government, not for a crime like burglary or murder resistance fighters – people who use a variety of means to oppose an occupying force in their country.

During World War II people who defended their country against the Nazis were called resistance fighters.

2012 | May–June | BRIDGE

music

13

Check outvals

festi the music ic h Republ ec in the Cz

and win free tickets!

1

FAJTFEST

hardcore, rock, metal

WHEN: 20.7.–21.7.

WHERE: Velké Meziříčí Stars: Smash Hit Combo, Helia, Bad Victim, Straight, The Switch! www.fajtfest.com

ich tow n do es Win 2 ticke ts: Wh o come from?

Smash Hit Comb

?

4

8 3 10

7

2

HRADBY SAMOTY III

1

5

9

6

2

dark ambient, dark folk, industrial, noise

WHEN: 6.7.–7.7.

WHERE: Rosice u Brna Castle Stars: Void Ov Voices, Job Karma, Larrnakh, et s: W in 2 tick Disharmony, Sturmast, ed in co W ho Metrom, Amanitas “folk the te rm www.hradbysamoty.org ue ly noir” (v ag dark folk)?

?

3

6

ROCK FOR PEOPLE

rock, metal core, pop, ska, reggae WHEN: 3.7.–6.7.

WHERE: Hradec Králové Stars: Faith No More, Example, Skrillex, Flogging Molly, Franz Ferdinand www.rockforpeople.cz

4

W in 3 pack ages of merchan dising wor th 1,00 0 CZK : H ow old is Sk rillex?

grind, death metal, core WHEN: 15.6.–16.6.

WHERE: Červený Kostelec Stars: Dark Tranquility, Suffocation, Torharry, Poppy Seeds Grinder www.czechdeathfest.cz

5

W in 5 ticke ts (2 ×2 + 1): W hat kind of es deat h me tal do y? pla n tio ca ffo Su

?

punk, ska, reggae, punk rock, rockabilly, hard rock

BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

9 cket s: W in 2 x2 ti rument st in t ha W on do es Dam of Th in Johnsons ?

Lizz y play

?

?

W in 2 ti cke ts: In w hich did Stree city t D ogs originate ?

ROKYTNa FEST

pop rock, hard rock, pop-punk, punk rock

WHEN: 18.5.–19.5.

WHERE: Rokytnice nad Rokytnou Stars: Charlie Straight, Horkýže ts: W in 4× 2 ticke slíže, Mandrage, W hat kind of Xindl X rk ýže music does Ho www.rokytnafest.cz slí že play?

?

OPEN AIR MUSICFEST PrEsTeNICE 7

rock, ska, punk, pop, indie

MIGHTY SOUNDS

WHEN: 13.7.–15.7.

WHERE: Tábor Stars: The Street Dogs, Poison Idea, The Skints, Irie Révoltés www.mightysounds.cz

WHEN: 12.7.–15.7.

WHERE: Vizovice Stars: Nightwish, Within Temptation, Thin Lizzy, Sabaton, Arakain & L. Bílá www.mastersofrock.cz

?

CZECH DEATH FEST

MASTERS OF ROCK

all kinds of rock and metal

WHEN: 20.7.–21.7.

WHERE: Přeštěnice Stars: Vypsaná fixa, Bloody Mary, Pub Animals, Prague Conspiracy www.prestenice.cz

8

?

W in 2 x2 ti cket s: For w hich mov ie did V ypsa ná fi xa make the soundt rack

VOTViRaK

Multi genre music festival

WHEN: 15.6.–17.6.

WHERE: Milovice Stars: Chinaski, Olympic, Majk Spirit, Arakain, Mig 21 www.votvirak.cz

METALFEST open air 10

ticket s W in 5× 2 s olde r (for reader ow would H ): 15 than e y tr anslat you lo osel ig 21’s M of e m the na ? dné je žít” song “S na

?

all kinds of metal ?

WHEN: 8.6.–10.6.

WHERE: Lochotín Plzeň Stars: Megadeth, W.A.S.P., Uriah Heep, Soulfly, Kreator www.cz.metalfest.eu

?

Win 2× 2 ticke ts: What is the name of the Meg adeth me mber who als o played with Me tal lica for two years?

Send an email (subject: the name of the festival) with the answer, your name, and the name of your school to competition@bridge-online.cz by May 20 (with the exception of Rokytná Fest by May 10). The winners will be announced on our Facebook page, “Bridge Magazine”, and website, www.bridge-online.cz.

14

head

The World’s Greenest City Scenic, futuristic Vancouver My first impressions of Vancouver were those of an ultra-clean, futuristic city. Where else could you literally eat off the platform of a railway station?

I imagined an invisible army of cleaners working non-stop!

Vancouver is a very young city. This year, 2012, it celebrates its 126th anniversary.

Just over a century ago, what is now Vancouver was a forest! Granville Street, the busy main street, was a logging path1 cut through the forest.

Today, Vancouver is one of the largest Canadian cities, with a population of more than 2 million in the metropolitan area (that is if we count all the suburbs2).

It is an ethnically diverse3 metropolis.

The Chinese are the biggest ethnic group, making up almost 30 % of the population.

English is the first language of only 49 % of Vancouver residents.

The city is set in stunning4 scenery, on the shores of the Pacific Ocean

and surrounded by the North Shore Mountains. This is where you can ski on snowy mountain slopes and swim in the ocean, all in one day! Vancouver has a pleasant climate, with average summer temperatures of 18°C and winter temperatures of 3°C, making it one of Canada’s warmest cities.

The city cares a lot for the environment. The mayor promised that “Vancouver will be the greenest city in the world by 2020” and his wish does seem to be coming true. Vancouver has many parks, one of which – Stanley Park – is the largest city park in Canada.

Cycling is actively encouraged, with cycle tracks along the sides of most

1

m a t uri t a / ca n ada

2

3

1

Stanley Park is an oasis surrounded by skyscrapers8 , home to a variety of wildlife and local tree species. A big part of it is a forest, but there are also several attractive beaches along the shoreline.

The park has forest trails, cycling, jogging, walking and roller‑skating tracks. You can also see totem poles

by Native Americans there.

2

The architecturally impressive central branch9 of the Vancouver Public Library occupies a whole city block. Its shape resembles10 that of the ancient Colosseum in Rome. The library contains light, airy spaces for reading, internet facilities and bistros.

3

Granville Island is a paradise for artists. Abandoned (no longer used) warehouses11 and factories are now colourfully painted and contain woodcarving12 , painting and sculpting13 studios, and arts and craft stores14 . Emily Carr University, one of the world’s leading art and design universities, is situated there.

The photo shows some of the luxury floating homes (boat houses) moored (anchored) at Granville Island.

4

4

Science World resembles a huge, glittering15 golf ball and features interactive scientific displays and exhibits.

5

The SkyTrain is one of the longest automated (operating without a driver) transport systems in the world. It hurtles16 along at high speed, far above the city streets. It is just like riding on a roller coaster17, especially when you fly around sharp bends18 or race downhill at dizzying19 speeds!

6

The Sea-to-Sky Highway connects Vancouver with Whistler, which hosted important events in the 2010 Winter Olympics. It is a scenic route20 with the ocean on one side, rocky cliffs on the other and snow-capped21 mountains in the distance.

streets. All buses have a special rack5 to carry bicycles in the front. Bikes are allowed free on city trains, called SkyTrains.

The doors of the SkyTrain are level with the platform6, so you just push your bike into the train without any problem. Of course, all stations have lifts, so you don’t have to carry your bike up or down any steps.

Vancouver repeatedly appears on the list of “World’s Most Liveable7 Cities”, and with its scenery, active lifestyle and friendly citizens, it is easy to see why.

Pearl Harris (South Africa)

V oc a bu l a r y 1 logging path – dřevařská stezka 2 suburb ["sVb3;b] – předměstí 3 diverse [daI"v3;s, "daIv3;s] – rozmanitý, pestrý 4 stunning – úchvatný 5 rack [r&k] – držák

BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

15

6

5

6 are level with the platform – jsou v jedné úrovni s nástupištěm 7 liveable ["lIv@b(@)l] – příjemný k životu 8 skyscraper ["skaIskreIp@] – mrakodrap 9 branch [brA;n(t)S] – pobočka 10 to resemble [rI"zemb(@)l] – podobat se 11 warehouse ["we@haUs] – skladiště 12 woodcarving – řezbářský

19 dizzying – závratný 13 sculpting ["skVlptIN] – sochařský 20 scenic route ["si;nIk ru;t] – 14 craft stores [krA;ft] – obchody vyhlídková trasa s rukodělnými výrobky 15 glittering ["glIt@rIN] – lesklý, třpytivý 21 snow‑capped – se zasněženými vrcholky 16 to hurtle ["h3;t(@)l] – řítit se 17 roller coaster ["r@Ul@ "k@Ust@] – horská dráha 18 sharp bends – ostré zatáčky

L I T E R AT U R E

upper INTERMEDIATE

© Jean

16

YOUNG AND RESTLESS Sue Townsend’s hilarious masterpiece Adrian Mole is the hero of a very popular series of witty novels by British author Sue Townsend. The books are written in the form of a diary, with dates, mistakes and a particularly teenage style of writing. First published in 1982, they became immediately popular and Townsend has produced a number of sequels over the years.

The very first book in the series is The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, aged 13 ¾. In the 1980s, Adrian is the only child of George and Pauline Mole and lives on a council estate• in Leicester. Adrian is not particularly clever, good‑looking or popular. He is an ordinary, rather bookish teenager (he likes to read a lot).

Misunderstood3 by his parents and

the rest of the world, Adrian records his troubles in his diary. He is preoccupied with4 his spots5, his school, his problems with bullying6, his parents’ marriage and the beautiful Pandora, the love of his life.

Townsend also concentrates on themes like divorce7, feminism and unemployment.

Adrian criticizes the way his parents spend their money. They are ‘on the dole’*, and yet his mother buys gin and cigarettes while Adrian would prefer fruit and vegetables.

Still, his real concern is not the family’s health, but the effect the poor diet* has on his skin. How can he make Pandora go out with him when he has spots?

Friday, January 16th

I started Origin of Species• today, but it’s not as good as the television series. Care of the Skin is dead good•. I have left it open on the page about vitamins. I hope my mother takes the hint*. I have left it

on the kitchen table near the ashtray8, so she is bound to see it9.

Townsend also makes fun of the more extreme left wing politics* of Britain. Adrian wants to join in, but doesn’t really understand why. ‘I am a committed radical10 – I am against nearly everything, I am reading Animal Farm, by George Orwell. I think I might like to be a vet11 when I grow up’. Adrian is likeable because he tries to understand the world and, since he fails, he is also very human. He’s the very opposite of the cool, sophisticated (cultured and educated) individual many teenagers want to be.

Townsend deals with12 teenagers’ fear, priorities and world views. Pandora is one of Adrian’s chief obsessions13, occasionally interrupted by his interest in another girl.

His adventures with girls are actually very innocent14. Townsend uses here her main comic device15 – bathos•.

2012 | May–June | BRIDGE

17

Sue Townsend The author was born in Leicester and still lives there. Some of the characters are based on27 people she knew at school. Her son has even said that he suspects28 Adrian was based on him!

Townsend left school at 15 in 1961 and worked in a factory before starting her career as a writer in the 1970s. She lived on a council estate for many years and has first‑hand experience29 of families like the Mole’s. Besides the Adrian Mole books, she has written several other novels about life in modern Britain.

Number Ten follows the imaginary adventures30 of the then‑prime minister, Tony Blair, and the novels Queen and I and Queen Camilla satirize the royal family.

Pandora is one of Adrian’s chief obsessions, occasionally interrupted by his interest in another girl.

Tuesday, October 1st

7.30am Just woke up to find chin16 covered in spots! How can I face Pandora?

10pm Avoided Pandora all day but she caught up with me in school dinners. I tried to eat with my hand over my chin but it proved very difficult. I confessed to her during yoghurt.

She accepted my disability very calmly.

‘Confess’ is a word normally associated with telling a priest, or the police, what

V oc a bu l a r y

you have done wrong. Either way, it suggests you’re admitting to something serious and adult – not to having a spot on your chin! A disability usually means a physical problem that interferes with17 daily life, like being deaf18 or needing to use a wheelchair. Adrian constantly takes himself too seriously, which is precisely why his language is so funny.

Two of Adrian’s most obvious characteristics are his attempts to ‘become an intellectual’ and his good nature:

Had a dream about a jailer20 locking me in a prison cell. The big iron key was attached21 to the Kevin Keegan key ring.

Saturday December 12th

Mr Cherry caught me in the act of replacing22 the key ring. He has written a letter to my parents. I might as well do myself in*.

Sunday December 13th

I am reading Crime and Punishment. It is the most true book I have ever read.

With no sense of proportion23, Mole compares24 his crime to the events of Crime and Punishment and suggests suicide25 might be a sensible way out. He is actually a very likeable character. Like most adolescents, he makes mistakes, but he also tries hard to correct them. It’s naive and foolish of Adrian to try to replace the key ring – he’ll almost certainly get caught. Ironically, of course, really ‘bad’ teenagers wouldn’t feel guilty and certainly wouldn’t try to replace the stolen item. Although Adrian has started to think of himself as a criminal, his naivety, his guilt, his lack of skill in26 taking the key ring back, all show that he doesn’t really have a criminal personality at all.

Alex Jordan (UK)

Monday December 7th

Stole a Kevin Keegan key ring from Mr Cherry’s shop. It will do19 for Nigel’s [Adrian’s friend’s] Christmas present.

Tuesday December 8th

I am dead worried• about the key ring; we did Morals and Ethics at school today.

Wednesday December 9th

Listen to more of Adrian’s worries on the CD.

monkey?

cu lt u r e point Origin of Species, actually called On the Origin of the Species, is a scientific book by Charles Darwin, in which he explains evolution.

It’s probably very dull unless you’re a scientist.

Can’t sleep for worrying about the key ring…

16 chin – brada 17 to interfere with [Int@"fI@] – překážet, 1 restless – neklidný vadit 2 witty ["wIti] – vtipný 18 deaf [def] – hluchý 3 misunderstood [%mIsVnd@"stUd] – 19 it will do – to bude stačit nedoceněný, nepochopený 20 jailer ["dZeIl@] – vězeňský dozorce 4 to be preoccupied with [pri;"QkjUpaId] – 21 to attach – připevnit být zcela zaujatý 22 to replace [rI"pleIs] – vrátit zpět 5 spot [spQt] – pupínek 23 sense of proportion 6 bullying ["bUlIIN] – šikana [pr@"pO;S(@)n] – schopnost rozlišovat 7 divorce [dI"vO;s] – rozvod důležité a nedůležité 8 ashtray ["&StreI] – popelník 24 to compare [k@m"pe@] – srovnat 9 so she is bound to see it [baUnd] – takže 25 suicide ["su;IsaId] – sebevražda to určitě uvidí 26 lack of skill in [l&k] – nedostatek 10 committed radical [k@"mItId "r&dIk(@)l] – zručnosti v oddaný, zapálený radikál 27 are based on – jsou založeny na 11 vet [vet] – zvěrolékař 28 to suspect [s@"spekt] – podezřívat 12 to deal with [di;l] – vypořádat se s 29 first­‑hand experience [Ik"spI@rI@ns] – 13 obsession [@b"seS(@)n] – posedlost zkušenost z první ruky 14 innocent ["In@s(@)nt] – nevinný 15 device [dI"vaIs] – metoda BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

Thursday December 10th

30 imaginary adventures [I"m&dZIn(@)ri @d"ventS@z] – vymyšlená dobrodružství

g lo s s a r y * on the dole – getting unemployment benefit (money for people who are out of work) poor diet – when a person eats no fruit, vegetables or other healthy foods, we say their diet is poor, meaning bad to take the hint – to understand what someone is trying to tell you without actually saying it left‑wing politics – people who are liberal thinkers about politics and society are said to be ‘left wing’ while those who are conservative are ‘right wing’ to do yourself in – to commit suicide

LANG U AG E P O INT s • mole – a small animal (krtek) or a dark growth on the skin, like a large freckle.

It can also be a surname. council estate – a collection of houses owned by the local government, which are rented very cheaply, usually to people who are struggling to afford to live elsewhere dead good; dead worried – although dead means not living, teenagers often use the word to make a meaning stronger. If something is dead good it is fantastic, if you are dead worried you are frightened. bathos – when something suddenly changes in style from being very serious to common or normal

18

L I T E R AT U R E / R O B E R T LO U I S S T E V E N S O N

R. L. Stevenson R. L. Stevenson wrote The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde in 1886 at a time when Victorian Britain was going through great changes. New technologies were being developed6 and the British Empire was expanding7 around the world. The book captures8 the mood of pessimism and fear of future.

extract

THE MAN WITH TWO FACES

Robert Louis Stevenson and his Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Most of us have two sides – a good one and a dark one! The book Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is about the struggle1 between them.

The main character, Doctor Jekyll, believes that separating2 one’s good and bad side makes a person truly free. He succeeds by experimenting with chemicals and transforms (changes) from the ‘good’ doctor to the ‘evil’ Mr Hyde.

“Once, in the early days, it had failed completely, and sometimes I had had to take a double dose5 before I changed into Hyde. Now, however, it was quite easy to become Hyde – the problem was to become Jekyll again after my adventures.

My good self and my evil self were fighting for my mind and body – and my evil self was winning.”

“He shook his stick at the old man, who stepped back in surprise. Then he hit the old man violently with the stick and knocked him to the ground3. He beat the helpless body again and again.”

Dr Jekyll can no longer control his dark side and finally realizes that he will stay in the Mr Hyde character forever…

Jo Molloy (UK)

At first Dr Jekyll enjoys being Mr Hyde – he is free, strong, and confident4. But slowly the actions of the evil Mr Hyde become out of control and Dr Jekyll tries to stop him.

However, Mr Hyde has become part of his personality, and the doctor cannot separate the two of them anymore.

V oc a bu l a r y 1 struggle ["strVg(@)l] – zápas 2 to separate ["sep@reIt] – oddělit

“I have used the last of the old chemicals, and for the moment I am Henry Jekyll again. But I cannot write much more – I have very little time. If Hyde returns while I am writing this confession, he will tear it to pieces to annoy me. If I finish it, however, he will probably not notice it. He lives only for the moment, and he is already a changed man. He is like a trapped animal now.”

com p e t i t i o n Win titles from the Oxford Bookworms series.

Four of you will get fifteen books for the whole class! Listen to the end of the story on our website or CD and try to answer the following question: “What does Jekyll’s evil side Mr Hyde listen to?” Send an email (subject: Stevenson) with your answer, your name and the name of your school to competition@bridge-online.cz

by May 20, 2012.

d i s cu s s Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Everybody has two sides to their character.

3 knocked him to the ground – srazil ho k zemi 4 confident ["kQnfId(@)nt] – sebejistý

5 double dose – dvojitá dávka 6 to develop [dI"vel@p] – vyvinout 7 to expand [Ik"sp&nd] – rozšířit se 8 to capture ["k&ptS@] – zachytit 2012 | May–June | BRIDGE

m a t uri t a / l is t e n i n g

19

higher LEVEL par t on e You will hear people talking in four different situations.

For questions 1–4, choose the correct answer: A, B, C or D. 1 You will hear a student talking about her study‑abroad programme next year. What is she most looking forward to?

A) having new classes B) meeting new people C) practising the language D) living with a host family 2 You will hear a scientist talking about the importance of oceans. Why does he think oceans are in trouble?

A) because of pollution B) because of overfishing C) because of increasing tourism D) because of the climate changes 3 You will hear a job coach talking about jobs that are stable.

Why does he believe an accountant will always have a job?

A) Governments are always changing tax laws.

B) Not very many people want to be accountants.

C) People have bad maths skills and need help.

D) Lots of people and companies need accountants.

4 You will hear a mother and father talking about what to buy their daughter for her birthday. Why don’t they want to buy her a car?

A) Her grandma wants to buy her a car.

B) She doesn’t have a driving licence yet.

C) She doesn’t have a job to pay for gas.

D) Her father doesn´t have the money to buy her a car.

BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

part t wo You will hear a radio interview with Stan Sportsman, a local athlete who has just won some Olympic medals. For questions 5–9, choose the correct answer: A, B or C. 5 What medals did Stan win?

A) 2 gold, 2 silver, 1 bronze B) 1 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze C) 2 gold, 1 silver, 2 bronze 6 Why did Stan start swimming?

A) because he liked swimming more than running B) because his coach persuaded him to start swimming C) because it helped him get rid of the stress from running 7 What types of food does Stan normally eat when he is at home?

A) steaks and pasta B) beef steaks and salads C) sandwiches and ice cream 8 How did Stan relax while at the Olympics?

A) He watched TV. B) He went swimming.

C) He talked to other competitors.

9 What sport does Stan want to do after these Olympics besides running?

A) fencing B) swimming C) a winter sport Solutions in TF – Recording Scripts

20

eve n t

SIXTY YEARS ON THE THRONE Queen Elizabeth celebrates her Diamond Jubilee

T

he islands that we call the United Kingdom have had a very long tradition of kings and queens.

And this year the current monarch is celebrating sixty years in the office.

Today the queen has just a constitutional1 role, meaning that she is the head of state and head of the Church2 of England but does not interfere3 in political matters. Princess Elizabeth was crowned4 Queen Elizabeth II in London’s Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953. Technically, she was already queen after her father George VI died on February 6, 1952.

Sixty years later at the age of 85 she is still an active monarch. In March the queen started visiting schools and communities around the country, although the celebrations will take place in June. She is accompanied by her husband and consort* Prince Philip, who is 90 years old.

How will the Britons celebrate?

Over a thousand boats will sail on the Thames (the greatest Thames flotilla* in over 350 years). It will be a unique spectacle (event) with a mix of historic and modern boats, from sailing ships to steamers5.

On June 4 there will be a huge concert outside Buckingham Palace.

10,000 free tickets are being given away to people all over the country, but they have to apply for them in a ballot6. The Palace is expecting that over half a million people will be there on the day.

Local residents in towns and villages around the country will organise street parties. The streets will be closed to traffic and there will be long tables in the centre of the road covered with red, white and blue tablecloths laden (covered) with food and cups of tea. The buildings will also be decorated with red, white and blue Union Jack flags and bunting*.

Nigel Haward (UK)

Prince

Prince

William

Cather

Prince Harr y

ine

Charles

ta s k

Who will be next One day the queen will pass on her work to her successors. The next in line to the throne is Charles, Prince of Wales.

The next generation, including Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and his wife Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, could also be king and queen after Charles. William and Catherine are seen as modern royals and are very popular with the people and the media. William’s brother Prince Harry is the life and soul of parties, and has recently started to make foreign tours for his grandmother as well as being an active member of the armed forces.

V oc a bu l a r y 1 constitutional [kQnstI"tju;S(@)n(@)l] – ústavní 2 church – církev 3 to interfere – zasahovat 4 to be crowned [kraUnd] – být korunován 5 steamer ["sti;m@] – parník 6 ballot ["b&l@t] – losování

GLO SSARY * consort – a wife or husband, especially of a monarch

flotilla – a group of boats or ships bunting – a term used for little flags joined together by a string

The first verse of the British national anthem has become a bit confused. Can you unscramble the words in italics?

The explanations can help you.

1 God save our ciargsou Queen _____________ (She is very kind and gentle) 2 Long live our ebnol Queen _____________ (She is of high rank) God save our Queen.

3 Dsne her victorious _____________ (Like what you would do with a letter) 4 Pphya and glorious _____________ (She definitely shouldn’t be sad) 5 Long to gnire over us _____________ (She should be in power for a long time) God save our Queen.

The words are changed depending on if a man or woman is on the throne.

Solution on p. 3

2012 | May–June | BRIDGE

ARCHITECTURE

21

Working in a Milk Bottle

Product-shaped buildings in the US Companies selling a product are always trying to promote what they do. Some companies have taken their promotion to a whole new level, and actually made their buildings look like what they offer.

a cow nightmare Jacy Meyer (USA)

A gigantic milk bottle isn’t something you see every day. In Boston, Massachusetts, outside the Children’s Museum you can see one. Originally built to be an ice‑cream stand3, it still operates as a snack bar in the summer.

The bottle is 12 meters tall and could hold more than 200,000 liters of milk.

Don’t tell the cows.

cu lt u r e point

a giant picnic books for cars What is one of the ugliest buildings you can think of? Maybe a parking garage? Not in Kansas City, though. Their library’s parking garage is shaped like a shelf4 of books.

Twenty‑two giant book bindings5 cleverly conceal6 the parked cars. Local residents chose the books, which include The Lord of the Rings, Catch-22 and Romeo and Juliet.

V oc a bu l a r y 1 to promote [pr@"m@Ut] – propagovat 2 nightmare – noční můra

BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

Atrium (plural: atriums or atria) is a very large room, often with a glass roof, in the middle of a building such as a shopping mall or office block. It can be several stories (floors) high. Atriums are popular in modern architecture because they make buildings seem light and airy.

Everyone loves a picnic, right? Maybe the employees of the Longaberger Company in Newark, Ohio, don’t anymore since they have to sit in a huge basket7 every day. That is what the company produces: baskets of all types. The building has a seven‑story8 atrium•, and the basket handles9 can be heated in winter so that ice does not damage them.

3 stand – stánek 4 shelf [Self] – police 5 binding ["baIndIN] – vazba (knižní) 6 to conceal [k@n"si;l] – skrývat

7 basket ["bA;skIt] – košík 8 seven-story – sedmipatrový 9 handle ["h&nd(@)l] – držadlo

G lo s s a r y * to take to a whole new level – it means something goes beyond the normal and is an extreme example (pozvednout na zcela novou úroveň)

22

BODY LANGUAGE

Every Move You Make How to read people

Jacy Meyer (USA)

You speak with your mouth, but you probably know that the rest of your body has a lot to say, too. That’s what we call ‘body language’ and it is the conscious (we know it) or subconscious (we do not realize it) ways we move our body. So when you are just sitting there, minding1 your own business, what do other people think you are ‘saying’ to them? But remember, there are many reasons to move your body. If a fly lands on your nose, you are going to scratch it. This is just a fun way to think about the different things your body does, often without you even knowing!

FACE

The eyes have it Lip nibblers If you are chewing3 on your lip while talking to someone, they may think you are nervous or feel under pressure4.

Watch people’s eyes when they are speaking. If they look up, they are trying to remember something they read. If they look to the side (like towards their ears), they are trying to remember something they heard. If they look down, they are remembering an important emotional event. When people are lying, they usually try to avoid5 eye contact.

Eyebrows up / down If you raise your eyebrows when someone speaks, it means you are surprised, curious or interested. Lowered eyebrows means you are angry or confused.

Nose scratching (Better than nose picking*): If you’ve just told a lie, you may unconsciously have to scratch your nose.

Tilting head If someone leans their head to one side while listening to you speak, it means they are interested in what you have to say.

2012 | May–June | BRIDGE

23

BODY

Power standing Do you want to look tough (strong)?

Stand with your feet and legs shoulder-width apart. For more emphasis (importance), put your hands on your hips8.

Rocking and rolling

Arm-crossers While this can mean ‘stay away’, it also can indicate anger or defensiveness. This is a commonly misread (misunderstood) movement – maybe the person is cold, or just finds it a comfortable way to stand.

Moving from side to side while standing, or shifting your weight from one foot to the other means you are feeling anxious9 or nervous.

HANDS

Walkers Fast walkers tend to ‘say’ they are productive and capable, while those who tend to ‘bounce’ (move from side to side) when they walk are thought to have positive personalities.

d i s cu s s Are there other body movements not mentioned in the article that you think are connected with communication? What do these gestures mean?

Do you or your friends have a typical gesture, movement or facial ‘tic’ (a small movement usually done without knowing it)? Are there certain situations in which you do this?

Talking and gesturing Hidden hands If you have the habit of hiding your hands, maybe in your pockets or behind your back, people may think you are hiding something!

V oc a bu l a r y 1 to mind [maInd] – všímat si, zaobírat se 2 to nibble ["nIb(@)l] – okusovat 3 to chew [tSu;] – žvýkat, okusovat BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

Some people gesture (move their arms and hands when speaking) a lot, while some people are more calm. In general, people who gesture a lot are energetic, while those who don’t move so much are believed to be logical and rational.

4 pressure ["preS@] – tlak 5 to avoid [@"vOId] – vyhnout se, vyvarovat se 6 eyebrows ["aIbraUz] – obočí 7 to tilt [tIlt] – naklánět

Open or closed hands If your hands are closed, like in a fist10, you might not want to change your mind. If you speak with open hands, you are interested in new ideas.

8 hips [hIps] – boky 9 anxious ["&N(k)S@s] – plný obav, neklidný 10 fist [fIst] – pěst

Do you use your arms or hands a lot when you talk?

Why do you think some people move a lot when they speak and other people are calmer? Is it a cultural thing?

GLO SSARY * Scratching vs. picking: Scratching something is when your nails move rapidly over your skin. Picking is when you actually pull something away – nose pickers stick their fingers in their nose!

24

A n ima l s

Flying Jewels

B

utterflies and moths (night butterflies) have been around for a long time.

Fossils over 40 million years old have been found in Colorado. Ancient civilisations appreciated (liked) their beauty.

For example, Egyptian tomb paintings1 often show butterflies and birds because the dead pharaoh2 would want to hunt birds and watch butterflies by the river Nile.

There are over 174,000 species• of butterflies and moths in the world.

Butterflies are generally brightly coloured, fly in the daytime, and rest (relax) with

their wings held upright over their backs3. Moths generally fly at night, are rather dull (not so colourful), and rest with their wings flat4.

Small butterflies and moths beat (move) their wings quickly when they are flying.

Larger ones beat their wings more slowly.

The largest can glide (fly without moving their wings) for long distances on air currents5. The scales6 on their wings are coloured and reflect7 light. This is why butterflies and moths are so beautiful.

Nigel Haward (UK)

life cycle of a butterfly

Some adults live only for a few days, some can live for months.

Caterpillars8 hatch9 from the eggs, eat lots of leaves and grow larger and larger.

Females lay• their eggs on vegetation.

Eventually, the beautiful butterfly or moth emerges11 and flies away.

Once it is large enough, chemical changes happen and the caterpillar changes into a pupa10 .

This is usually brown, looking like dry vegetation, so that birds don’t find it.

The pupa can stay like this for weeks or even months.

Colourful travellers Just like many birds, butterflies may move to different regions on the continents as the seasons change. The classic example is the Monarch Butterfly. They fly thousands of kilometres each year from Canada and the East Coast of the United States south to California and Mexico to be warmer in the winter.

2012 | May–June | BRIDGE

La n guage

Ryan’s Cultural Blues How do foreigners see Czechs?

↑ The Ghost Moth, which lives in Central and South America, has the biggest wing span12 of all moths (up to 31 cm). Thanks to the pattern (design) on its wings it can easily hide on tree trunks13 . ← The Atlas Moth, living in India and South-East Asia, has a wing span of about 25 cm, but a larger wing area14 .

The adult moth does not have a mouth and does not eat. It survives on what it ate as a caterpillar.

com p e t i t i o n

Endless tongue Charles Darwin in the 19th century studied a special orchid from Madagascar.

To his surprise, he found out that the flower needed to be pollinated15 by something with a tongue over 30 cm long. He did not know any such animal, but he predicted (guessed) that it would exist. And he was right. Later, a moth called Morgan’s Sphinx, which has a tongue that is 30–35 cm long, was discovered. It eats the sugary nectar deep down in the orchid’s flower.

Last month’s winner is Richard Otýpka from Gymnázium Kroměříž. The correct answer was: butterfly. The picture showed part of the wing of a Queen Alexandra’s Birdwing, which is believed to be the largest butterfly in the world.

It lives only in a region of Papua New Guinea. Females, with brown wings, can have a wing span of up to 31 cm (so they can be bigger than this magazine!).

Males, with blue-green wings, are smaller. The giant butterly was named after the wife of UK’s King Edward VII (1901–1910).

For this final column, I’ve decided to turn the perspective around. Until now I’ve been mostly discussing the behaviour and customs of people from the English‑speaking world. This month I’ll look at how foreigners perceive (see) Czechs.

One common stereotype is that Czech people are cold or reserved (not showing feelings), especially in public. It is a description I’ve heard from quite a few foreigners. I wouldn’t say that this first impression is true in all cases – I have experienced warmth and openness among my Czech friends, which is the same as what I’ve experienced back home. Of course, I’ve met quite a lot of unfriendly people, too. Anyway, first impressions do count, so if you’re reserved when speaking with an English speaker, don’t be surprised if he or she doesn’t try to befriend (become friends with) you immediately. Having said that•, I personally prefer honest indifference (lack of interest) to a false smile.

Language point• Having said that is a phrase used to show that the idea in the sentence contrasts with the main idea before. It is often used to introduce a differing personal opinion or a specific fact that doesn’t support the previous idea.

Confusing Translations Příroda Nature: all the world outside human activity, including living things and their environment Example: I love nature and reading books about nature.

Countryside: the areas outside the city Example: Almost every weekend I go to the countryside.

V oc a bu l a r y 1 tomb paintings [tu;m] – malby v hrobkách 2 pharaoh ["fe@r@U] – faraon 3 held upright over their backs – vztyčenými nad záda 4 flat – na plocho 5 on air currents ["kVr(@)nts] – na vzdušných proudech 6 scale [skeIl] – šupina 7 to reflect [rI"flekt] – odrážet 8 caterpillar ["k&t@pIl@] – housenka 9 to hatch [h&tS] – vyklubat se 10 pupa ["pju;p@] – kukla BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

The verb ‘to lay’ (past tense: laid) usually means to put something down somewhere (položit). E.g. I laid the plate on the table. The mother laid the baby on the bed. It can also refer to producing eggs (klást).

E.g. Female butterflies lay their eggs L anguage P oint s • on vegetation. To make matters more complicated, ‘lay’ can also be a past The word ‘species’ has the same form in singular and plural. E.g. There tense of the verb ‘to lie’, referring to are over 174,000 species of butterflies being in a horizontal position (ležet). and moths. (plural) Queen Alexandra’s E.g. Yesterday, I lay in bed the whole day because I did not feel well.

Birdwing is a rare butterfly species. (singular)

11 to emerge [I"m3;dZ] – vylíhnout se 12 wing span [wIN sp&n] – rozpětí křídel 13 trunk [trVNk] – kmen 14 wing area ["e@rI@] – plocha křídel 15 to pollinate ["pQlIneIt] – opylovat

Ryan Scott (Australia)

25

26

LANGUAGE

What is going ON? Ryan Scott (Australia)

That’s an interesting costume you have on.

Costume?

O

n is one of those very useful words in English. In the Calvin and Hobbes comic below, Calvin says, “She’s on to me,” meaning that his mother has worked out what he’s trying to do. But on can be used in so many other situations, can’t it?

The basic definition of on is that it’s a preposition telling us the location of something. For example, “The cat is on the table,” or “Our teacher is sitting on a brontosaurus*,” or “Queen Elizabeth is on a surfboard.”

That’s easy, you might say. And of course, you may add, on can be also used to mean that an electrical device is operating (working).

“Why is my electric toothbrush on?”

It can also mean that you’re wearing an item of clothing.

And so on... (which means there are other examples).

On can also be added to different verbs to make phrasal verbs.

Phrasal Verb

Synonym

Example

Go on

To continue

“Go on. Tell me how you got your head stuck in the microwave,” my friend said.

Fill in the gaps with suggested words.

1 You’ll recognize Sam. He ______ a cowboy hat on.

2 I can’t concentrate when the television ______ on.

3 I have two dogs. They’re best friends and ______ on very well with each other.

Get on

To be friendly

Slavia and Sparta fans don’t get on.

(Actually no one gets on with Sparta fans.)

Take on

To accept

Tom took on the job of looking after his teacher’s pet.

Put on

To wear

Jack was in a good mood, so he put on his Superman cape.

ta s k get

has

is

Solution on p. 3

On also has particular meanings when we combine it with other prepositions. A television presenter might say, “On with the show,” when a show starts.

I could go on and on with more examples but that might get on your nerves (annoy you).

* The author realizes that the word ‘brontosaurus’ is not used any more, but he is such an old dinosaur himself that he still uses the old term.

Calvin and Hobbes

to set fire – zapálit; mattress – matrace; tricycle – tříkolka; she’s on to me – prokoukla mě 2012 | May–June | BRIDGE

STRANGE STORIES

27

Have you ever needed anything so badly you considered robbing a bank? Would you believe birds could cause problems for a city’s environmental plans? And can you imagine how easily Facebook can destroy your life? Find out the answers to these questions and more in this month’s Weird News!

Facebook’s helpfulness in suggesting friends got one Washington man in big trouble with his wife. And with his second wife, too.

It seems that Alan O’Neill had two wives who knew nothing about each other.

However, when Facebook recommended that the two women become friends, the gig was up*. O’Neill got married in 2001, moved out1 in 2009, changed his name and remarried without divorcing his wife. The first wife discovered he had found a new wife when she saw a wedding photo of the couple on Facebook. She called the police and now O’Neill has been charged with2 bigamy (being married to two women). Talk about ‘un-friending’!

Jacy Meyer (USA)

The city of Brighton in England tried to be more environmentally friendly6 by putting in streetlights which automatically turn on at night and off when it gets light in the morning. Unfortunately, the thousands of seagulls7 that also live in the city are making this initiative (plan) a little difficult. In the middle of the day, some of the streetlights suddenly turn on. Why? Because of all the seagull poop8 that lands• on the lights’ sensors, the lamps are fooled into thinking it is night time.

Even with all that flying and fishing, it seems the seagulls aren’t too pooped out* to create a little mischief9.

Jacy Meyer (USA)

voc a bu l a r y Double husband 1 to move out – odstěhovat se, odejít 2 to charge with – obvinit (z čeho) THE TOOTHLESS ROBBER 3 robber ["rQb@] – zloděj 4 to arrest [@"rest] – zatknout BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

A 49-year-old woman was arrested4 for robbing a bank in Pennsylvania. The bank’s security camera showed someone who looked like a woman with no teeth, wearing a coat. The robber, Evelyn Fuller, was turned in (reported) by her neighbour. He recognized her because she was wearing the coat she had borrowed from him! And why did Evelyn need money? She said she wanted to buy dentures (artificial teeth)!

That’s some expensive dentistry.

Patrick Phillips (USA)

i’ll poop on you, too!

BIRDS FOOL THE LIGHTS 5 to fool – oklamat, napálit 6 environmentally friendly [In%vaIr@n"ment(@)li] – šetrné k životnímu prostředí 7 seagull ["si;gVl] – racek 8 poop [pu;p] – výkaly 9 mischief ["mIstSIf] – rošťárna, uličnictví

A man in Madison, Wisconsin, has been accused of10 pretending to be a restaurant manager and cooking his own lunch. James Summers walked into Denny’s restaurant wearing a tie and carrying a briefcase. He told the employees that he was the new manager. The real manager, however, told him he must be at the wrong place. Summers answered that the manager must not have read the corporate memo (note to the employees sent from the boss).

0,Summers then went into the kitchen and made himself a hamburger and fries. Meanwhile, the real manager called the police.

Even though Summers didn’t want to pay for his lunch, he had no problem cooking it!

Patrick Phillips (USA)

HOW TO GET A FREE LUNCH 10 to accuse of [@"kju;z] – obvinit z

GLO SSARY * the gig was up – a secret, often illegal activity, was discovered to be pooped out – to use up all one’s energy

LANG U AG E P O INT • The word land usually refers to an area of ground or a nation. As a verb in the sentence: Because of all the seagull poop that lands on the lights’ sensors, the lamps are fooled into thinking it is night time, it means to fall.

28

comics

Changing the World with a pencil Ryan Scott (Australia)

the Art of comics throughout history We all know what cartoons and comic books are. But can we describe them exactly?

Are they pictures with words? Storybooks for adults? One thing is for certain - they have been around for a long time.

the Code of Honour For the next seventy years the superhero dominated comics, though his role has changed to suit4 the changing readership. Early heroes were obvious good guys. In their comics they bravely fought the dangers of the day. For example, Superman fights crooked5 businessmen, Captain America fights Nazis during WWII, and one of Batman’s enemies is ‘KGBeast’, a trained Soviet assassin6.

1

Ancient pictures Greek friezes• are an early example of sequences1 of pictures, but the plot2 is not as clear as in modern comics. Another early example of a story in pictures is the medieval Bayeaux tapestry•, which was made in the 1070s and shows the events leading up3 to the Battle of Hastings in 1066 and the Norman conquest of England.

The first hero

2

Superheroes are by far the most common type of comic‑book character, but they didn’t appear until the 1930s. The first comic superhero was probably Mandrake the Magician, who is still in print today. However, the character which provided the inspiration for many modern superheroes is Superman, who first appeared in 1938.

3

29

4

Aiming for Reality Over time, writers have tried to make heroes more realistic, giving them ordinary people’s problems. For example, Spiderman not only had to battle the bad guys, but he also had to worry about his old aunt and impress7 the girl next door. Batman became a tormented8 hero, often on the verge9 of becoming the very evil he is fighting against.

5

For Laughs

the New Era Nowadays, comics are becoming increasingly popular on the web, which makes distribution much easier. Many of the comics deal with everyday life or are humorous short pieces about the modern world.

The latest trend is Meme cartoons like Le Rage or Forever Alone.

They use extremely simple graphics and anyone can contribute by drawing their version of the cartoon and making their own joke. They are often distributed via Facebook, email and web pages.

Despite the predominance10 of superheroes in comic books, they were not the only comic characters. Most of the short comics which appear in newspapers deal with humorous characters and incidents, hence11 their other name, ‘the funnies’. Think of comics like Garfield, Calvin and Hobbes and The Far Side. The characters Asterix and Tintin appeared in comic book form; however, their style – unrealistic drawings and exaggerated12 humour – is closer to the likes of Garfield.

cu lt u r e points

6

Friezes can be found high up on the outside of buildings. They are long narrow bands or decorated panels which show images and stories (vlysy).

Tapestries are heavy cloths which are hand‑woven (ručně tkaný) with colourful designs, stories or scenes. They were used to decorate walls or cover furniture.

V oc a bu l a r y 1 sequence ["si;kw(@)ns] – řada 2 plot [plQt] – zápletka 3 leading up – které předcházely 4 to suit – vyhovovat 5 crooked ["krUkId] – nepoctivý 6 assassin [@"s&sIn] – nájemný vrah

BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

7 to impress [Im"pres] – učinit dojem 8 tormented [tO;"mentId] – trýzněný 9 on the verge [v3;dZ] – na pokraji 10 predominance – převaha 11 hence [hens] – tudíž 12 exaggerated [Ig"z&dZ@reItId] – přehnaný 13 to fall from grace – upadnout v nemilost

Comics and Graphic Novels Are comics just for kids? Many people think that if a book has pictures it can’t be for adults. However, some illustrated books, like Maus, Art Spiegelman’s graphic novel about surviving the Second World War, are definitely aimed at older readers.

Graphic novels are like comics, but longer and more complex. One of the most famous is Alan Moore’s The Watchmen, a dark story which follows a group of superheroes who fall from grace13 as they try to prevent a nuclear war.

Read about this graphic novel on our website in the section “Extra články“.

30

music

Turn On the Music Player, Please…

Those Dancing Days

Bridge is presenting a selection of songs to get you into the mood for summer. The songs cover a wide range of styles but we hope that all of them have something to say. We also included songs that were chosen by our readers through Facebook.

Never Go Solo

An indie pop* group from Montreal, THE ISLANDS use a wide variety of styles, which they manage to blend (mix) in an original way. Another trademark (characteristic) of the band is that they write witty clever lyrics filled with wordplay.

“Never Go Solo”, the song that appears on their latest album A Sleep & A Forgetting, is an example of this.

‘To go solo’ is often a term used when someone leaves a band to have a career alone. Here, the singer is not talking about a band, he’s talking about his relationship, except he never states this directly.

Santigold

Ever Fallen In Love

In French, which is the native tongue of the members of the group, NOUVELLE VAGUE means ‘new wave’. They play bossa nova versions of new‑wave* songs and bossa nova means new trend.

“Ever Fallen in Love” was originally recorded by The Buzzcocks, who brought a distinctive (characteristic/easily distinguished) pop element to punk. Their style had a big influence on new wave and later genres because they had the energy of punk*, but were still very melodic, as is heard on this song. Nouvelle Vague’s cover replaces the fury1 and teen angst (strong worry) with a more delicate and intimate sound. While the lyrics still sound like an attack, the softness of the music makes the tone a little bit more introspective (self‑examining).

Walk Away

This group’s name sounds quite royal, as FRANZ FERDINAND was named after the former archduke2 of the Austro‑Hungarian monarchy. You’re probably wondering why

Franz Ferdinand

Nouvelle Vague

about a couple separating, but instead of heartbreak the singer is encouraging his ex (someone that used to be a partner) to leave, stating that “no buildings will fall down” and “no quakes5 will split the ground”.

Can’t Find Entrance

a group from Scotland named themselves after a former imperial heir3 when they have their own monarchy. Apparently the group liked the way the name sounded, especially the repetition of the F. Like Nouvelle Vague, Franz Ferdinand are also inspired by the groups of the late 1970s, mainly the so-called post-punk genre.

This sound usually means guitar chords4 are played with short clear sounds, so it is a bit ‘spiky’ (sharp). “Walk Away” is a little slower than the band’s other songs. It is

Though the group THOSE DANCING DAYS got their name from a Led Zeppelin song, the band’s sound is actually sweet and simple. The all-girl quintet (a group of five girls) formed while the members were still at school in Stockholm, Sweden. The band did well in Europe and received positive reviews from the UK music newspaper Melody Maker. The song “Can’t Find Entrance” is taken from their second album Daydreams and Nightmares. There are elements of new‑wave pop in the song, yet the lyrics cleverly express a sense of personal failure (not a success) and frustration when no matter how high the singer climbs the mountain, peaks become level 2012 | May–June | BRIDGE

31

Billy Talent

The Dodos

The song “Fallen Leaves” from their second album, called Billy Talent II, has the spiky energy of punk music. By looking at life through the eyes of a homeless drug addict6, the song presents a picture of what drugs can do to a person. The character in the song is like the fallen leaves of the title.

We know he is in a desperate state (feels very bad) because he begs (asks) for money to take drugs: “Can you spare a dime*? One more hit and I'll be fine”.

Disparate Youth

The Islands

with the ground or “gold turns to silver”.

The singer is searching for some way out, some new path in life, but she always finds her attempts thwarted (ruined).

Fallen Leaves

Suggested by Jan Somol

Just to clarify, BILLY TALENT is not the lead singer; it is the name of the band.

Billy Talent is a fictional guitarist from a fictional punk band called Hard Core Logo, which appeared in the novel of the same name.

The group comes from Ontario, Canada, and represents the country’s diversity (mixture) in its members. The singer Benjamin Kowalewicz is of Polish descent (his parents were Polish). Lead guitarist Ian D’Sa is from India. Drummer Aaron Solowoniuk has Ukranian roots (origins).

BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

Listening to SANTIGOLD’S electronic* soulful music it is hard to believe that she got a start in a punk band. In the song “Disparate Youth”, from the album Master of My Make‑Believe, Santigold explained to MTV News, “I was trying to talk about what I want for the world and what I want people to be.”

The lyrics reflect this. Santigold sings about being trapped (not able to do something).

Roadblocks, hands being tied8 and rules that can’t be broken are all mentioned.

There is also the sense that the singer is fighting against something or for something.

Fables

American indie rock band THE DODOS manage to have a powerful rhythmic sound with the intricate9 drumming of Logan Kroeber and personal emotive lyrics delivered by singer-guitarist Meric Long.

The song “Fables” from the album Time to Die starts with a metaphor of an unfriendly jury, which could be the singer’s family since there is home mentioned in the chorus.

The final line suggests self‑criticism when he says “I held your weight, now it holds me / A coward’s way to be inviolate10”. In other words he is saying that while he seemed to be supporting the other person, he was in fact using them to support himself.

Ryan Scott (Australia)

Queen of live performances KELLY CLARKSON is back with her new album Stronger featuring songs that Kelly says are her best. They are about strength and empowerment: “What doesn't kill you makes you stronger. It’s a perfect representation of my life, so ‘Stronger’ felt like the perfect title.” The song “Stronger” is a little bit pop, a little bit pop-rock, a little bit urban, a little bit dance, in short a little bit of everything.

We thank Martin Molnár for writing these lines on Kelly Clarkson and for suggesting on Facebook to include this musician on the Bridge CD. We’re sending a small gift to thank him.

Music styles glossary indie pop – light melodic guitar‑based music new wave – music from the late seventies which was inspired by punk but had melodic or even electronic elements punk – a fast aggressive style of rock, usually with a very simple structure electronic – music using synthesizers, computers, samples and electronic drum beats

V oc a bu l a r y 1 fury ["fjU@ri] – zběsilost, vztek 2 archduke ["A;tSdju;k] – arcivévoda 3 imperial heir [Im"pI@rI@l e@] – císařský dědic 4 chord [kO;d] – akord 5 quake [kweIk] – zemětřesení 6 drug addict ["&dIkt] – narkoman 7 disparate ["dIsp(@)r@t] – různorodý 8 hands being tied [taId] – svázané ruce 9 intricate ["IntrIk@t] – složitý 10 inviolate [In"vaI@l@t] – nedotčený

G lo s s a r y * dime – ten-cent coin, the smallest US coin

32

comic strip

Times Are Changing

2012 | May–June | BRIDGE

33

© Lucie Lomová

comic strip

V term [t3;m] – funkční období; to succeed [s@k"si;d] – nastoupit (po kom); severely [sI"vi@li] – vážně; welfare state ["welfe@] – sociální zabezpečení;

funding cuts ["fVndIN kVts] – finanční škrty; unprofitable [Vn"prQfIt@b(@)l] – nevýnosný; tax [t&ks] – daň; to invade [In"veId] – napadnout; overseas [@Uv@"si;z] – zahraniční; meek [mi;k] – mírný; tension ["tenS(@)n] – napětí; riots ["raI@ts] – nepokoje; to introduce [Intr@"dju;s] – zavést; liberation [lIb@"reIS(@)n] – osvobození; to ordain [O;"deIn] – vysvětit; to withdraw [wID"drO;] – stáhnout se

BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

34

C ompe t i t io n

Photo

competition winners

The Right Time, The Right Angle

T

he year-long photo competition is over and the time has come to announce the winners. We received more than 600 photographs of all kinds – macro shots, portraits, landscapes, architecture, animals... Thank you for all of them, as well as for your interesting comments on the pictures! Choosing the best photos was a very tough job. We asked professional photographer Pavel Šmíd to help us, and he has chosen his favourites and explained what he likes about them. You can read his comments here.

Congratulations to the winners!

1st prize: Apple iPhone 4

3rd prize: Amazon Kindle e-book reader

A Lonely Man

Bára Kubáňová (Bohumín)

I took this photo late at night. It was winter and due to the biting frost I couldn’t even feel my fingertips. The Castle Pavel Šmíd (PŠ): Stairs is probably Brilliantly captured my most beloved place in Prague. It might atmosphere of a winter be that strange sculpture, half way down evening, almost the stairway, that makes me wonder about provoking ‘existential’ past times. I can literally feel the spirit of questions. Very old, talking to me through the bricks which impressive photo. compose the wall beside it.

Do Dragonflies Hesitate?

Iva Gejdošová (Uherské Hradiště)

Do dragonflies hesitate? I named my photo this way because of the feeling I had when I took it. I was sitting in the garden and eating ice cream when I saw a dragonfly!

PŠ: A photo I dropped the ice cream and ran back that best meets to the house for my camera. I came to the general criteria the pond and took this photo. I love of the competition. saving rare or original moments from Perfect composition. the common world.

Pavel Šmíd A professional photographer, publisher and writer. His photos could be described as documentary. But rather than trying to create a typical documentary, Pavel says he is aiming to capture brief glimpses of the eternal story in which he himself also participates. He has had individual exhibitions in the Czech Republic, Germany, France, and even the USA and Japan. He has also been part of a number of collective exhibitions.

On Fire

Milan Hospodka

2nd prize: Sony Professional

(Pardubice)

On fire? At the right time? Sometimes it is so early. To take this photo I had to get up at four o’clock. I love the atmosphere of early mornings.

compact camera

PŠ: A photo with distinctive composition and colours.

Very well captured mood in a clean and elegant shot.

2012 | May–June | BRIDGE

35

Honourable mentions Summer Rain Jakub Misík

(Hradec Králové) This is my home. My house, my place, my life. I’ve been living here since I was born. I love the way that this place speaks to me. I’ve got plenty of memories hidden in the walls. The photo was taken in 2010. One of the best years I’ve ever experienced. The sad thing is that I will have to move somewhere else in the future, but I’ll always come back here with pleasure.

4th prize: iPod Nano mp3 player

I Am Leaving with a Cup of Milk

Martina Hejdencová (Chrudim) At first I only noticed a nice and cute cow. It wasn’t afraid of me, so I wasn’t afraid of it. When I came towards it, I saw my father going away. He was hurrying. Wait! Only one more picture of my friend!

PŠ: Connecting detail with the whole in a story, and the courage to take an unusual shot. And a sense of humour!

PŠ: Distinctive style and a good sense of the right moment, which is so important in photography. The courage to take an unexpected shot contributes to its originality.

Fly Like a Bird Jiří Nytra (Příbram)

Fly like a bird in the sky, fall through white clouds with a feeling of absolute freedom. Earthly troubles fade away and you can see the whole world from above.

You will see that your problems are so small... If you want, you can be faster than a plane, but you needn’t be. You can just go so slowly by air and hear that silence.

PŠ: Original view, courage and readiness to take a shot.

The Goddess Lukáš Mach

(Uherské Hradiště) In the times of financial crisis, it can save us. We do not have to buy overpriced eggs because it will give them to us… We are speaking about a hen. Once I was walking around the garden taking photos when I saw it – the beauty! The photo was born! This hen is happily pecking grain somewhere at the moment without knowing how famous it has become. However, if it is reading this article now, I am sending my best regards to it.

PŠ: Distinctive colourful portrait with a sense of humour.

5th prize: Creative Zen

X-Fi mp3 and mp4 player

Retro Coffee

Alžběta Dudová (Bohumín) Young artists have discovered the magic of this retro cafe in Ostrava. And I got carried away by the atmosphere of the time of my grandparents’ youth. I love this place and you’ll love it too! So come and enjoy the atmosphere.

PŠ: A photo of professional quality. Subtle

irony of brilliantly composed scenery where everything fits – well, except for the slightly torn covering of the armchair.

BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

Dream Castle Adam Píša (Pardubice)

This is an experimental, high‑contrast photo, which I think is kind of interesting. It was nice weather in the mountains with a really impressive view of the Ještěd transmission tower. Our beautiful forests were covered by awesome clouds and an ‘island’ created by the tower.

PŠ: A romantic view and a brilliant composition with a ‘divided horizon’.

Check www.bridge-online.cz, “Soutěže” section, to see the whole list of Oxford Student Dictionary and Bridge subscription winners.

4x special prize: Gogen mp4 player

36

FA S H I O N

Fashion Forward This Summer From top to bottom, Bridge picks out what is ‘in’ this summer!

Jacy Meyer (USA), Jo Molloy (UK)

Are you a fashionista? Someone who loves fashion, knows the trends and always looks their best?

Or maybe you are a non-fashionista, throwing on (putting on quickly and carelessly) the nearest shirt that doesn’t smell or look too wrinkly? No matter, fashion is an interesting topic – similar to art, only designers use fabric (textile) instead of paint to express their creativity.

T

he UK is buzzing with Olympic excitement right now and even the fashion designers and shops have joined in the trend. They feature2 sporty dresses and tops• with a racer‑style top (vests with enlarged armholes), crop tops (short tops that show your belly) and trainers3. Does the sporty look• seem cool•? If so, don’t forget to mix and add your own personal style!

H

ats! Yep, all types of hats are popular this summer. They act as an accessory9 to your outfit•, as protection from the sun and as a cure for a bad hair day (to cover your hair when it does not look good)! Hats off to• hats!

FASHION SLANG•

H

ow about something really weird to put on your feet? An Australian shoe company called KUSA has created grass flip‑flops4.

Artificial grass is sewn5 into the soles6 of the flip‑flops. You will have to occasionally fluff up7 the ‘grass’ on your shoes, but unlike at your cottage, your grass flip‑flops should never be mowed8!

V oc a bu l a r y 1 wrinkly ["rINkli] – zmačkaně 2 to feature ["fi;tS@] – představit (co) 3 trainers ["treIn@z] – sportovní boty 4 flip‑flops – žabky 5 to sew [s@U] – našít

In Czech, we use some English words without translating them. Is it because the Czech equivalent fails to express the exact meaning of the English word, or because the English expression simply sounds ‘cooler’?

What do you think?

G

irls should look for clothing in light green as that is the hottest• colour this summer. In fact, all pastels (light versions of colours) will be popular. For boys, all shades of blue make a good choice.

6 sole [s@Ul] – podrážka 7 to fluff up [flVf] – načechrat 8 to mow [m@U] – posekat 9 accessory [@k"ses(@)ri] – doplněk

LANGUAGE POINTs• In the context of fashion, hot doesn’t mean really warm, but trendy or ‘in’.

(Light green is the hottest colour this summer.) Hot can also mean attractive.

(This girl is so hot!)

in – v módě top – tričko, blůza, halenka look – vizáž, celkový vzhled cool – super, skvělý, senzační, módní outfit – (celkové) oblečení

We use the idiom hats off to... when we want to express admiration or respect for someone or something. (Hats off to hats for the way they protect us from the sunshine.)

2012 | May–June | BRIDGE

PRE‑INTERMEDIATE

the

goof balls

i don't know how to skate!

pho t o s t or y

37

an ADVENTURE ON WHEELS Joshua invited Jane to go in‑line skating.

She wants her friend Tom to go too... joshua It’s easy.

Just don’t forget to bring some pads!

Keep your balance!

what the... ?!

jane I just wanted to be sure.

What are you doing?

Watch me.

!!!

tom Now move your right leg forward...

See, this is how you do it..

Next time, you can have my pads.

get your own bin!

V pads – chrániče (usually elbow and knee pads) forward – dopředu BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

Gate

Elementary–Pre-Intermediate English supplements

planet

Jacy Meyer (USA)

B

I B

I N

N

+

= R A W O

R A

O W

Rainbows bring color to rainy day skies

Do you know how to remember the colors of the rainbow, in the right order11, in English? Ask your friend,

Summer rainstorms often bring a pretty reward – a rainbow.

An easy explanation for what makes a rainbow is when the sun shines through water drops.

Every time you see a rainbow, there’s actually4 a second rainbow that you can’t always see. This is because the light continues to be “bent5” inside every raindrop. Sunlight is reflected6 twice inside every drop – once to produce the rainbow you see, and a second time

For the Clever Ones

Make Your Own

You can see a rainbow when the sun is behind you and it is still raining. The sunlight goes through the raindrops and “bends”. This bending inside the drops makes the light break up. Each color has a different wavelength8, so depending on the angle of refraction9, a different color will be seen.

This is what we call a rainbow.

Take a hose10 and, with your back to the sun, turn on the water and spray it into the air. If the angle is right, you should see some pretty colors in the water spray.

sun

lig

ht

RED VIOLET

raindrops

TASK

*Roy G. Biv (Bivolo), known as Rainbow Raider, is a comic character.

1

bow [b@U] – oblouk, mašle

2

reward [rI"wO;d] – odměna

3

drop [drQp] – kapka

4

actually – vlastně

5

continues to be bent [k@n"tInju;z] – se dál lomí

to reflect [rI"flekt] – odrážet 7 weak [wi;k] – slabý 8 wavelength ["weIvleNT] – vlnová 6

What does it mean when you say “to chase12 rainbows”? Try to guess from this example.

Tom is just chasing rainbows when he says his band is going to make a record.

A Tom’s band will definitely make the record.

B It is possible that Tom’s band will make the record.

→ solution on page 3

38

red green blue orange indigo yellow violet

vocabulary

C Tom’s band probably won’t make the record.

BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

R oy G . B i v *

at the back of the rain drop. The second reflection makes the sunlight weaker7, which is why you don’t always see the second rainbow. Because sunlight can reflect many times inside a raindrop, it’s possible to see three, four or even more rainbows!

délka depending on the angle of refraction [dI"pendIN Qn Di; &Ng(@)l (@)v rI"fr&kS(@)n] – v závislosti na úhlu lomu 10 hose [h@Uz] – hadice 9

11 12

order ["O;d@] – pořadí to chase [tSeIs] – honit

BRITISH British

colour

AMeRICAN ENGLISH American

color

Gate

Elementary–Pre-Intermediate English supplements

gadgets & new technology

Are these gadgets cool or just silly ? Meet Clocky and Tocky Jo Molloy (UK)

Tocky

Clocky

If you have trouble getting out of bed in the morning, you need to get one of these new types of alarm clock – a Clocky or a Tocky. They don’t just look cool; they act cool, too – if you press the button that stops the alarm, Clocky will jump three metres in the air and roll2 around the room until you get up and switch it off3.

If you’re looking for something even more high-tech, there is Tocky. This alarm clock also jumps high in the air if you hit the button4, but it will roll around playing your favourite songs. It has a built‑in5 mp3 player, and you can record messages for your own personal wake-up call.

You’ll never wake up late again!

vocabulary

Pop Art Toaster

gadget ["g&dZIt] – (malý a šikovný) přístroj 2 to roll [r@Ul] – koulet / kutálet se 3 to switch off [swItS] – vypnout 4 button ["bVt(@)n] – tlačítko 5 built‑in – zabudovaný 6 plate [pleIt] – plát, deska 7 to be fed up – být znuděn 8 orb [O;b] – koule 9 tube [tju;b] – trubice, roura 1

This is another gadget to help you in the morning, and it will bring a smile to your face! This special toaster has six design plates6 so you can choose which message you want to ‘burn’ into your toast… maybe you want to say ‘I Love You’ or ‘Happy Birthday’ to someone you are having breakfast with.

language points

cool

A Wet Apartment Is your fish fed up7 with going round and round the same old fish tank•?

Try this modern, luxurious, six-roomed palace for your lucky fish! It has six glass orbs8 with connecting tubes9, so your fish will never get bored swimming around again. Probably great fun for your fish, but not so much fun for the person who is going to clean it.

I love your new T-shirt!

It’s cool! (great) I hate this cool and rainy weather. (cold)

fish tank

is another word for aquarium.

DISCUSS

What do you think about these gadgets?

Are these gadgets cool?

Are these gadgets silly?

Would you like to have any of them?

BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

39

Gate

Elementary–Pre-Intermediate English supplements

e l y t s e f Li

Jo Molloy (UK)

Too Cool for SCHOOL Take a look at what young people can look forward to in the UK.

Underage Festival

No adults can enter!

What is it? It is a one-day music

festival for 13–17 year olds which takes place2 every August in London. There will be 10,000 teenagers. And the best thing about it?

Parents are NOT allowed3!

What bands can you see there?

Every year there are about seven music stages4 – and bands play all day from 11 am to 8 pm.

Last year there were Bombay Bicycle Club, Miles Kane, Ms Dynamite – and other bands who are teenagers themselves.

Sounds cool?

It does. It’s the only music festival in the world organised especially for teenagers.

It was started in 2007 by a teenager called Sam Kilcoyne who was fed up with not being allowed5 to see music bands because he was too young.

East London Skate Park

Fun on wheels What is it? It’s London’s

newest and biggest skateboarding park and it’s in East London, close to the Olympic site. It’s free and open all year round6.

What can you do there?

It’s also good for BMX biking (bicycle motocross). There is

40

BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

an indoor training ramp and a skate shop open every day in the summer. Also go there if you like hanging out7 and meeting people.

Sounds cool? It does. There are also free lessons for 11–18 year olds if you want to learn how to skate or learn new tricks.

Sam Kilcoyne

Gate

Elementary–Pre-Intermediate English supplements

Football Camps

Kick a ball and

learn English!

What are they?

Summer camps for boys or girls who are interested in football. They are organised all over the country by famous teams, like Liverpool, Arsenal and Chelsea. You can play football, learn new things, make new friends and take English classes there too.

Are they just for boys?

No! For example, Manchester United has a special, girls‑only training camp.

Sounds cool?

It does, if you like football and learning English!

Camden Market

Shopping or Just Looking?

What is it? It’s London’s most popular

open-air market with stalls8, shops, pubs, and restaurants. It’s popular with everyone – Londoners, tourists, teenagers.

100,000 people go there at the weekend, but it’s open in the week too.

Go if you like: Goth, skater, hippy, or

unusual T‑shirts, second-hand clothes, original fashion, art and craft9, jewellery, and book and music shops. The market is right by10 a canal, and you can walk along the canal to Regents Park and London Zoo.

TASK

1 Only people between 13 and 17 can go to the Underage Festival.

The weather may be getting warmer, but perhaps it’s not warm enough to go swimming outside yet. So why not go to a water park? They offer swimming pools, fun pools, water slides11, water jets12 and jacuzzis13. Jacuzzi was originally an Italian surname.

Today it is used for any hot tub that has special equipment to keep the water moving. The word is used for the tub because the company owned by the Jacuzzi brothers were the first to develop baths with this special equipment.

2 You must speak perfect English to go to the football camps.

3 The football camps are not for girls.

4 You can take a bicycle to the skate park in East London.

5 You have to pay for lessons at the skate park. → solution on page 3

Sounds cool? It does. It’s a great place to

hang out, buy original clothes and watch all sorts of different people walking by. There are also lots of food stalls where you can eat different foods from around the world.

True or false?

A Cool Place for Cold Days

vocabulary to look forward to ["fO;w@d] – těšit se na 2 to take place [teIk pleIs] – konat se 3 are not allowed [@"laUd] – nemají povolený vstup 4 stage [steIdZ] – pódium 5 was fed up with not being allowed – byl otrávený, že nesměl 6 all year round – celoročně 7 to hang out [h&N] – potloukat se, poflakovat se 8 stall [stO;l] – stánek 9 craft [krA;ft] – rukodělné výrobky 10 right by – přímo u 11 water slide [slaId] – tobogán 12 language point water jet [dZet] – vodotrysk 13 jacuzzi [dZ@"ku;zi] – vířivka 1

Competition

Aquapark Babylon Liberec has romantic caves, underwater massage jets, wild rivers and huge water slides. One of its most scary attractions was named after a strong dangerous wind.

What is it called? Send an email to competition@bridge-online.cz (subject: Babylon) with your guess, your name, and the name of your school by May 20.

Fifteen people with correct answers will win two tickets to Aquapark Babylon Liberec.

BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

41

Gate

Elementary–Pre-Intermediate English supplements

Holidays

Gabriela Sýkorová (CR)

Let’s Celebrate

How To Enjoy Every Single Day

In May and June there are many reasons to celebrate, especially in the USA. They love to make each day a special holiday. You can celebrate No Diet Day, No Socks Day, Hug Your Cat Day, etc. Why not have fun and join in?

No Diet Day (NDD)

May

6

What a day! Eat everything you want. Forget diets and calories. Stop thinking so much about your weight3. International NDD should help people love themselves for what they are, like the body they have, and stop crazy diets.

It’s the perfect day for eating out the fridge.

May

8

May

No Socks Day This day gives your toes a special holiday.

They will enjoy being free from socks or stockings. Give your smallest digits (toes) the feeling of fresh air, sun and freedom. And if you plan to take off your socks in a public place, do not forget about hygiene first. Let’s not make it the Day of Foot Odour!

30

A Special Day for Everyone Celebrate Mother’s Day and Father’s Day by finding a nice way of saying “thank you” to your mum on the second Sunday in May, and to your dad on the third Sunday in June.

Here are some tips to help your mum enjoy Mother’s Day. Tick what would make your mum happy.  Clean your room.  Do not switch on the computer (or at least do not play Counter Strike, World of Warcraft, etc.).  Do not fight with your brothers or sisters.  Do not talk back.  Have a family dinner.  Have a nice long chat. → Think of three other things

you can do for your mum. → And now make a list for your dad.

Hug Your Cat Day

Give your cat (or dog) a huge hug4. It is a proven5 fact that hugs from animals and giving hugs to animals make your life healthier. The blood pressure6 is improved, stress is reduced and feelings of true love are maximized.

Make your cat a special meal, bring it a new toy, tell it how much you love it and… at least hug your cat. It will make you both feel good.

vocabulary

DISCUSS

What holiday would you like to have?

For example

No English Day, Sister’s Day…

TASK

On which special day would you… a do nothing but sleep?

1

reason ["ri;z(@)n] – důvod

2

to join in [dZOIn In] – připojit se

b not stop watching TV?

3

weight [weIt] – hmotnost

c not have to change from

4

to/ a hug [hVg] – obejmout / objetí

5

proven ["pr@Uv(@)n] – prokázaný

6

blood pressure [blVd "preS@]

your pyjamas? d not lie? → Possible answers on page 3

42

BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

– krevní tlak

Gate

Elementary–Pre-Intermediate English supplements

Jacy Meyer (USA)

ANIMALS

Fluffy

Friends Do you like to ham it up (act silly) when having your picture taken? It seems our friends in the animal world do too – take a look at these fun photos we found!

Six-headed meerkat Is this a six-headed meerkat? Don’t worry, this isn’t a science experiment! Perhaps these furry3 friends just needed an extra hug4. Or maybe they have noticed something that looks dangerous.

We can guess which one is the brave5 meerkat.

1. Why do you think the meerkats are doing this?

Perhaps/ probably they are or maybe they (to stay warm, to be afraid...)

, .

Praying (or playing?) otters Are they praying11? Are they playing? Perhaps the otter on the left is asking God12 for something. Maybe the other otter is clapping13 its hands. Or maybe they are getting ready to do karate? No matter, they are having a fun day together!

3. Why do you think the otters are doing this? ,

Perhaps/ probably they are or maybe they . (to wash, to do exercise...)

vocabulary fluffy ["flVfi] – hebký meerkat ["mI@k&t] – surikata 3 furry ["f@;ri] – chlupatý, srstnatý, hebký 4 hug [hVg] – obejmutí 5 brave [breIv] – statečný 6 owl [aUl] – sova 7 to hide [haId] – schovávat (se) 8 to seek [si;k] – hledat 9 owner ["@Un@] – majitel 10 otter ["Qt@] – vydra 11 to pray [preI] – modlit se 12 God [gQd] – bůh 13 to clap [kl&p] – tleskat 1 2

Owls hide-and-seek If these owls6 are playing hide‑and‑seek, who is hiding7 and who is seeking8? These babies are probably hiding from their owner9 and the cups are a good place to do it. They have little smiles on their faces, so they must think they are pretty clever.

2. Why do you think the owls are doing this?

Perhaps/ probably they are or maybe they . (to be scared...)

,

language point hide-and-seek

– a children’s game in which a group of people hides and one person tries to find them

BRIDGE | May–June | 2012

43

you’ve got to – you have to

in neither case – ani v jednom případě; heavy machinery – těžké stroje

© Grimmy / KFS/ Distr. Bulls

everything but – všechno kromě