Gate Special Issue

Zeitschrift zum Englisch Lernen und Lehren

Level A2–B1

Launch Issue free For Teachers

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Ex

Superfoods of Tomorrow

16 tra

The End of Sugar?

Zeitschrift fur den Englisch Unterricht Liebe Lehrer / Lehrerinnen Als Englisch Lehrer / Lehrerin müssen Sie normalerweise einer bestimmten Struktur von Lehrbüchern folgen, aber hin und wieder möchten Sie auch mal von den restriktiven Richtlinien abweichen.

Sie verwenden vielleicht Übungen, die Sie im Internet finden, oder Sie überlegen sich Ihre eigenen. Das Lehren einer Sprache erfordert hohe Flexibilität und die ständige Suche nach neuen Ideen, denn Sprache ist ständig dem Wandel begriffen, und Form, Regeln und Verwendungen nicht statisch. Die Fähigkeiten Ihrer Schüler variieren sicherlich auch und Sie brauchen die besten Mittel, um all ihre Bedürfnisse zu erfüllen.

Wir werden Ihnen bei all dem helfen. Sie halten die allererste Ausgabe von Gate Germany, einem englischen Bildungsmagazin in ihren Händen. Gate ist eine einzigartige Englisch-Zeitschrift, speziell zugeschnitten auf das Lernen und Lehren von Englisch als Fremdsprache. Während Gate als Unterhaltung dient, ist die Zeitschrift auch ein perfektes Werkzeug für Sie und Ihren Schüler.

Die Artikel werden sorgfältig ausgewählt, um den Leser zu interessieren, bearbeitet und für ein bestimmtes Niveau gemäß den Richtlinien des Gemeinsamen Europäischen Referenzrahmens

A2–B1 Anfänger bis leicht Fortgeschrittene für 13–18-jährige Schüler

(GER) vereinfacht. Artikel sind von Übersetzungen ins Deutsche und weiteren Erläuterungen und Aufgaben begleitet.

Sie können jeden Monat ein Lehrer-Set erhalten, das Ihnen genügend Unterstützung für den ganzen Monat bietet.

Wir glauben, dass die Zeitschrift lustig, hilfreich und lehrreich sein muss. Jetzt können Sie versuchen, selbst mit der Zeitschrift zu unterrichten und Sie werden vielleicht sehen, wieviel Freude Sie daran haben.

Viel Spaß also!

Ihr Gate Team

Wie funktioniert es?

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Was ist das Lehrer-Set? Das Lehrer-Set besteht aus einer Reihe zusätzlicher Materialien, die speziell für den Lehrer geschaffen wurden, um den Unterricht mit den Zeitschriften zu verbessern.

Lehrer erhalten automatisch jeden Monat ein Set durch ihr 15 Zeitschriftenabonnement. Je mehr Abonnements Sie haben, desto mehr Lehrer-Sets erhalten Sie. Lehrer-Sets sind unverkäuflich.

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Eine Lehrer Mappe mit zusätzlichen Übungen, Aktivitäten und Unterrichtsplänen

Es ist ganz einfach: Sie können aus drei Optionen wählen: über die Website: www.bphi.de Be octo

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per E-Mail: bestellung@bphi.de

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Ein zusätzliches Magazin Ein laminierter Bildkarton 8:50 8 11:0

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What’s inside

Liebe Schüler und Schülerinnen,

vielleicht gefällt Euch Englisch, vielleicht auch nicht, vielleicht ist es Euch egal – das ist ok! Wir verstehen, dass viel in Eurem Leben los ist und Englisch möglicherweise keine Priorität darstellt (falls aber doch, ist das übrigens großartig!).

14

Could you survive in Mumbai, the largest Indian city with 20 million people? What’s life like there and why should everyone see it?

10

4 Issue

It’ll Rot Your Brain

6 Tradition

Halloween for Everyone

8 Stories

Unsolved Mysteries

9 Stories

The Dyatlov Pass Incident

10 People

20

The Story of the Sioux

12 Animals

Wild Streets

14 Spotlight

Mumbai: The City of Dreams

16 Leaders

Mahatma Gandhi, the Activist

17 Puzzle

Brain Training: Agent Gate

18 Geography

Around the Counties

20 Music

The Next Big Things

22 Social Media

22

Skam Austin: A Social Media Series

24 Food

Superfood Superstars

25 Food

Sweet Sweet Life

Wie dem auch sei, Tatsache ist, dass Ihr es lernen müsst, ob Ihr nun wollt oder nicht. Und hier kommen wir ins Spiel, mit der Zeitschrift Gate. Ja, wir möchten, dass Euch das Englischlernen Spaß macht.

Ja, wir möchten, dass Ihr über Dinge lest, die Euch interessieren, nicht nur die sterilen Texte, die Ihr normalerweise in Lehrbüchern findet.

Wir wissen auch, dass bis Ihr in einem Englischlehrbuch über Snapchat lesen könnt, es wahrscheinlich schon lange nicht mehr hip ist. Aber hey, wir wollen Euch auch erziehen, das geben wir zu – aber auf eine Art, die Spaß machen soll, ohne Druck.

Seien wir doch mal ehrlich. Wir versprechen Euch nicht, dass Ihr Euch wegen unserer Zeitschrift in die Englische Sprache verlieben werdet (obwohl uns das natürlich gefallen würde). Aber wir können versprechen, dass wir alles in unserer Macht stehende tun werden, damit es Euch Spaß macht mit unsere Zeitschrift Englisch zu lernen.

Wir werden Euch Geschichten aus aller Welt bringen, über die Kultur der englischsprachigen Länder berichten, erstaunliche Menschen vorstellen, und über neueste Trends in der Technologie, der Wissenschaft, Musik und Popkultur, Sport, Politik, und soziale Fragen schreiben, was auch immer. Oh, und wir liefern auch eine Menge Sachen für Eure Lehrer, z.B. Übungen und Grammatik, aber macht Euch daraus bitte nichts.

Unsere Aufgabe ist es Euch zu zeigen wieviel Spaß Englisch Lernen machen kann.

Schaut Euch Gate an und überzeugt Euch einfach selbst!

Viel Spaß Freunde!

Euer Gate Team

26 Language

Vocabulary SOS: Physical Description KEY TO ICONS

27 Test

KET for Schools

Listening on CD Extra materials in Teachers’ File

Gate October | 2018

3

A2–B1 Technology

Tracks 1–3

tf Grammar Fixer

It’ll Rot Your Brain SmartPhone Crazy 1

Oh, who am I kidding*? It’s certainly not just teenagers who are addicted to3 their phones. You’ve probably heard your parents complain about4 your phone use.

But I am sure they check their phones almost as often as you, looking at emails and Facebook and the latest news updates5.

American adults spend on average 3 hours and 23 minutes on mobile media every day.

And yet it’s true: your parents didn’t have smartphones at your age. They didn’t have mobile phones at all. How did we all end up so addicted? And does it matter?

Bad Habits6?

The things in this list are all from online articles about bad phone habits but not everyone shares the same ideas about what’s rude and what’s fine (we think some of the things here are totally normal).

Discuss Which do you think are bad? Which are OK? Which of them do you do?

Putting your phone on the table at mealtimes.

Checking your phone for notifications7 or messages while you’re talking to someone.

Answering the phone when you’re talking to someone.

Taking selfies everywhere.

Walking and texting.

Shooting8 video at a concert.

Playing music, videos or games in public with the sound on.

Talking on your phone in a toilet, on a bus, train, etc.

Using the speakerphone for a private conversation.

Texting people instead of calling them.

I’m old enough to remember when a phone was just a phone. We didn’t have to keep checking our phones every two minutes. These days every teenager has their nose glued to2 a mobile phone, every hour of the day.

Paul Farrington-Douglas (UK)

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Gate October | 2018

Discuss When did you last check your phone notifications?

How often do you switch your phone off?

How long ago did you last leave your phone at home when going out, and how did you feel?

Which do you prefer, texting (including via WhatsApp, etc.) or speaking on the phone?

Where do you use your phone most?

How many minutes a day do you think you spend on your phone?

What do you think when you meet someone (your age) who doesn’t have a smartphone?

Don’t have a smartphone? Discuss these questions instead: Why don’t you have a smartphone?

How do you feel about not having a smartphone?

What do your friends think about it?

The Serious Bit

What Should We Do?

When did you last check your phone to see if you have any notifications? Not long ago, right? There’s a reason for that. Human beings feel good when we connect with other people. We feel good when someone gives us a “like”.

A phone is not just a phone. It’s a computer, calculator, camera, map, compass, library and brain. There’s no way we can just stop using our phones. But, at the same time, there is a real downside13 to phone addiction.

The people who make Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat and many other social media apps know this. Each time you get a like or a share, you get a little buzz – a tiny good feeling. That’s because your brain releases9 a little bit of dopamine, your body’s natural “happy drug”.

Some research14 suggests that mobile phones change our brains. That’s not certain.

What is certain is that mobile addiction is very bad for relationships. Spending time on your phone when you’re with your girlfriend or boyfriend, checking your notifications in the middle of a conversation… these things can do real harm15.

There’s no need to throw your phone out.

But try switching off notifications and set some times when you don’t use your phone at all.

Dopamine is addictive10. That means you start to need it. The developers11 know this, too, and they have spent many years and millions of dollars to use this effect as much as possible.

That’s why if you are not active for a while you still get notifications (e.g. “Sarah has posted a new Tweet”). Instagram has an algorithm* that waits before showing new likes, then shows them very quickly when you are about to exit the app.

Each time we get a notification, we wonder what it will be. A “like” for our photo?

A spam* email? A message from a friend?

Sometimes it’s good, often it’s unimportant.

Even that uncertainty12 is addictive. It’s the same psychological trick.

And when you’re with people you care about? Put them first.

”The best thing we can do is to separate parts of our lives from technology to keep them special and tech-free.”

– adam alter, social psychologist

Glossary to kid – to joke; “Who am I kidding?” means “I’m talking nonsense, and everyone knows it.” algorithm – a program that a computer uses to solve a problem spam – messages you don’t want, such as advertisements

Vocabulary 1 to rot [rɒt] – verrotten 2 glued to sth [ɡluːd] – vor etwas kleben 3 to be addicted to sth [əˈdɪktɪd] – nach etwas süchtig sein 4 to complain about sth [ kəmˈpleɪn] – sich über etwas beschweren 5 news update [njuːz ˈʌpdeɪt] – Nachrichtenaktualisierung 6 bad habit [ ˈhæbɪt] – schlechte Angewohnheit 7 notification [ˌnəʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] – Benachrichtigung 8 to shoot [ʃuːt] – filmen 9 to release [rɪˈliːs] – freisetzen 10 addictive [ əˈdɪktɪv] – suchterzeugend 11 developer [dɪˈveləpə(r)] – Entwickler 12 uncertainty [ʌnˈsɜːtnti] – Ungewissheit 13 downside [ ˈdaʊnsaɪd] – Schattenseite 14 research [ rɪˈsɜːtʃ] – Forschung 15 harm [ hɑːm] – Schaden Gate October | 2018

5

a2–b1 Tradition

Tracks 4

tf Activities

What is Halloween? It’s that silly holiday that Americans and some people in the UK celebrate, with all the candy, costumes, and pumpkins, right? Well, that’s partly right. Halloween used to be celebrated mainly in the US and UK, but it’s getting more and more popular in other places as well.

Megan LeBoeuf (USA)

Where It All Started Although it is connected with the Christian holidays All Hallows’ Eve and All Saints’ Day now, Halloween started as a Celtic holiday called Samhain. Summer was ending and the long, dark, cold winter was coming.

People lit1 bonfires2 and wore costumes to scare away ghosts.

Americanization The most recognizable3 symbols of Halloween these days come from America.

The holiday wasn’t celebrated much in early America, but when a lot of Irish and English immigrants4 started arriving in the late 1800s, they brought the old traditions with them. In America, the traditions grew, and people started dressing in costumes and going from house to house asking for money and treats5. The holiday was separated from religion6 and became about communities and having parties and eating sweets. Eventually the traditions changed into the trick-or-treating we know today, where children dress in costumes and go door to door asking for candy.

6

Gate October | 2018

Denmark celebrates the holiday with pumpkins. Families and neighborhoods come together to carve9 beautiful jack-o’-lanterns and drink hot chocolate. On the other hand, trick-or-treating hasn’t really caught on* there. Actually in Denmark there is a festival called Fastelavn, during which children also dress up and go from door to door and ask for candy.

Symbols like pumpkins, spiders, bats, and black cats are now connected with Halloween in America. For young children, it’s a fun holiday about free candy and dressing up as their favorite characters.

For teenagers, it’s often about mischief7, pranks*, scary stories, and urban legends*.

For adults, it’s usually about costume

Mexico celebrates Día de los Muertos, or The Day of the Dead, at Halloween time. This holiday is less about candy and costumes, and more about remembering dead family members. Families decorate the graves10 of their loved ones and keep an altar11 in their homes with photos of dead relatives. Many people believe their spirits12 will come back to visit at this time. Typical symbols are skulls13 and skeletons, which appear as masks and toys.

parties – or helping their children buy or make a costume.

Back into the World Such fun couldn’t be kept only in America, of course. Over time, the traditions have spread8 to other countries, many bringing something special to the celebrations.

Japan doesn’t do trick-or-treating at all, but the Japanese definitely love their costumes. In fact, there are huge parades14 in cities like Tokyo, where thousands of people wearing elaborate15 costumes can be seen on busy streets and squares.

Discuss Is Halloween a popular holiday in your country? Would you like it to be? Why or why not?

What is your favorite Halloween tradition from the article? Which country would you like to live in on Halloween?

Glossary

France has adopted the American traditions of putting on scary costumes and going to parties in recent years. In some places, people go from door to door asking for treats. But they don’t visit people’s houses – they visit shops.

prank – a joke on somebody urban legend – a (usually scary) story which people say is true even though it probably never happened to catch on – to become popular

BrE vs AmE advert (BrE) × commercial (AmE) sweets (BrE) × candy (AmE) favourite (BrE) × favorite (AmE) Halloween lanterns (BrE) × jack-o’-lanterns (AmE) neighbourhoods (BrE) × neighborhoods (AmE)

Germany has pumpkin festivals, and celebrating with parties and costumes is getting more popular with young people. But not everywhere. October 31st is also Reformation Day, an important religious holiday for Protestants.

Some people in Protestant regions see Halloween as a pagan16 festival that should not be allowed on this Christian day.

Vocabulary 1 to light [laɪt] – anzünden 2 bonfire [ˈbɒnfaɪə(r)] – Feuer 3 recognizable [ ˈrekəɡnaɪzəbl] – erkennbar 4 immigrant [ ˈɪmɪɡrənt] – Einwanderer 5 treat [triːt] – Süßigkeit 6 religion [ rɪˈlɪdʒən] – Religion 7 mischief [ ˈmɪstʃɪf] – Schabernack 8 to spread [ spred] – verteilen 9 to carve [kɑːv] – schnitzen 10 grave [ɡreɪv] – Grab 11 altar [ˈɔːltə(r)] – Altar 12 spirit [ ˈspɪrɪt] – Geist 13 skull [skʌl] – Totenkopf 14 parade [ pəˈreɪd] – Festzug 15 elaborate [ ɪˈlæbərət] – kunstvoll 16 pagan [ ˈpeɪɡən] – heidnisch 17 fake [ feɪk] – falsch 18 witchcraft [ˈwɪtʃkrɑːft] – Hexerei

Hong Kong and China might have the scariest tradition of all: the Hungry Ghost Festival.

For the whole seventh month of the lunar calendar, tradition says that the dead freely walk around the land of the living. Nice spirits might visit their family, but there are also dangerous ones around. People burn fake17 paper money for the dead to use in the afterlife, as well as offering them food and other items to keep them happy.

If the ghosts aren’t fed, they might get angry.

Task South Africa has some Halloween celebrations, though nothing as big as in many other countries. Trickor-treating is not popular, but private parties, including parties at nightclubs, are more common. Most Africans are against the idea of Halloween because they feel it represents witchcraft18.

Match the countries with the traditions.

1

Denmark

a

pumpkin festivals

2

USA

b

the center of Halloween

3

France

c

only private parties

4

Hong Kong

d

costume play

5

Mexico

e

burning paper money

6

South Africa

f

pumpkin carving

7

Japan

g

trick-or-treating in shops

8

Germany

h

altars for dead loved ones → Solutions in tf Gate October | 2018

7

A2-B1 Stories

Track 5

tf Lesson Plan 1

Unsolved

Mysteries

Not everything in this world is understandable. As humans, we love to try to find the logic behind everything, but some things just cannot be explained. Here are a few of the world’s strangest unsolved1 mysteries.

The Oakville Blobs12

Liam Peach (UK)

The Voynich Manuscript2 Jack the Ripper6

Theories People thought the blobs could be waste from an aeroplane toilet, but all American aeroplane toilet waste is dyed15 blue. Another theory was that the blobs were the result of a military experiment.

Theories Many different famous philosophers and scientists have been suggested as possible authors. Some people believe the book is an early medical guide, others say it is the work of aliens.

Theories There are many theories about the identity of Jack the Ripper.

At the time, the police had a number of suspects10, but nobody was ever charged11. The list includes people such as William Withey Gull, Queen Victoria’s doctor, Robert Donston Stephenson, a journalist who wrote about the murders, Alexander Pedachenko, a Russian doctor, and even Prince Albert Victor, Queen Victoria’s grandson.

Vocabulary 1 unsolved [ˌʌnˈsɒlvd] – ungelöst 2 manuscript [ ˈmænjuskrɪpt] – Manuskript 3 code [kəʊd] – Code 4 linguist [ ˈlɪŋɡwɪst] – Sprachwissenschaftler 5 to examine [ɪɡˈzæmɪn] – untersuchen 6 to rip [rɪp] – reißen 7 surgeon [ ˈsɜːdʒən] – Chirurg

8

Gate October | 2018

8 victim [ˈvɪktɪm] – Opfer 9 to claim [kleɪm] – behaupten 10 suspect [ˈsʌspekt] – Verdächtiger 11 to charge [tʃɑːdʒ] – anklagen 12 blob [ blɒb] – Tropfen 13 jelly-like substance [ˈdʒeli- laɪk ˈsʌbstəns] – gelartige Substanz 14 blood cell [ ˈblʌd sel] – Blutkörperchen 15 to dye [daɪ] – färben

Discuss Do you know any other unsolved mysteries? Can you tell the class about them?

On the next page read a comic strip about another famous unsolved mystery.

Tracks 6, 7

tf Activities

stories A2–b1

pass – Pass, incident – Unfall, experienced – erfahren, search party – Suchmannschaft, inquest – Untersuchung, massive internal injuries – schwere innere Verletzungen, hypothermia – Unterkühlung, to confirm – bestätigen, case – Fall Gate October | 2018

9

b1 People

Track 8

tf Activities

When Europeans arrived in America in 1492, there were at least 8 million Native Americans – and maybe as many as 112 million, according to some estimates1. They lived in tribes2 across what is now the United States (including Hawaii and Alaska). Today, all of the tribes have decreased3 in size, and some have disappeared, but there are still 562 tribes. The biggest include the Cherokee, the Navajo [ˈnævəhəʊ] and the Sioux [suː].

Molly Emmett (USA)

expansion7, the Sioux started to have conflicts with the US government over land.

At the same time, the white settlers8 were killing bison, taking away the tribe’s only food.

Sitting Bull & Crazy Horse

The Sioux Each tribe has a different story to tell. One of the best known is the Great Sioux Nation, which is actually made up of seven groups, or “nations,” in the central north plains4 of the United States and parts of Canada.

The Sioux are divided into three groups according to language: Eastern Dakota, Western Dakota, and Lakota. The name Sioux does not come from any of these dialects.

It actually comes from a French explorer’s version of the name he heard other tribes using, and wrote down in French. That is why the spelling might seem strange.

Two of the best-known Sioux in history are Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. Both of them helped their people fight against unfair American policies9. In the mid-1800s, conflicts grew because the government allowed white settlers to build on Sioux land, even after signing an agreement to protect it. When gold was discovered at an

Bison Hunters & Warriors5 The Sioux famously hunted bison and moved a lot on the plains following the animals. The bison gave them everything they needed: food, hides6 for their tepees and bones for tools. The Lakota Sioux were also great warriors. With the westward

10

Gate October | 2018

The Battle of the Little Bighorn

important Sioux site, the Black Hills, a war started.

Sitting Bull was a Lakota holy10 man and leader who, in 1876, had a vision that many US soldiers would fall at a Lakota Sitting Bull camp. Three weeks later, his tribe and the Cheyenne defeated the white soldiers at the Battle of the Little Bighorn. The Lakota Sioux were led by Crazy Horse.

The Wounded Knee Massacre

The Last Resistance Sitting Bull’s vision inspired the Sioux to keep fighting.

However, the US government sent more soldiers. Crazy Horse died the next year when resisting11 arrest and Sitting Bull moved his group into Canada.

Then, in 1890, the Sioux tried to fight back one more time. During this period, an American Indian movement (= Bewegung) called the Ghost Dance became popular. Its followers believed that performing a special circle dance could help bring back dead spirits12 and make white colonists leave. The US government was afraid of the movement and thought Sitting Bull would join it. They tried to arrest him at the Standing Rock reservation* in South Dakota, and during the fight he was shot and killed.

After his death, some of Sitting Bull’s tribe tried to escape. About two weeks later, on December 29th 1890, they were stopped by about 500 US soldiers. To this day, no one knows how the shooting started, but somehow it did. There was complete chaos in the camp

by Wounded Knee Creek. The Sioux tried to fight back, but they had no guns. After it ended, more than 150 Lakota men, women and children were dead, along with 20 US soldiers. It became known as the Wounded Knee Massacre, and it was one of the last armed13 fights between American Indians and the US government. Since then, the Sioux have continued living in many reservations across the north central US and Canada.

Protesting DAPL

In 2016, an oil company planned to build the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL), which would carry oil from North Dakota to Illinois, passing close to the Standing Rock Reservation and almost certainly infecting their water source and destroying ancient graves.

The Standing Rock Sioux, as well as many other American Indian and nonIndian activists, began to peacefully protest the project by camping out on the land. People around the United States and the world supported them, and eventually the Army Corps of Engineers under President Barack Obama temporarily stopped the project to do more environmental research. However, when Donald Trump became president in January 2017, he made a decision to let the project continue. All of the protesters had to leave by February, and the pipeline was completed in April 2017.

Glossary

Project Find information about the other tribes mentioned in the article and present it to your class. How did they live and how do they live now?

Task

The Standing Rock reservation – a reservation in North and South Dakota where the Sioux had to move in the 1860s

Read the definitions and find the words in the text.

1

a famous Sioux spiritual leader

2

a place set by the US government for the Sioux to live

3

one of the Sioux groups famous for its courage

4

the year of the famous defeat of US soldiers by the Native Americans

5

a place in South Dakota where a large number of Native Americans were shot

6

two things common in Sioux culture

7

a ritual Native Americans did to make white people go away

Vocabulary 1 estimate [ˈestɪmət] – Schätzung 2 tribe [traɪb] – Stamm 3 to decrease [dɪˈkriːs] – verringern 4 plain [pleɪn] – Ebene 5 warrior [ ˈwɒriə(r)] – Krieger 6 hide [ haɪd] – Fell 7 expansion [ɪkˈspænʃn] – Ausdehnung 8 settler [ˈsetlə(r)] – Siedler 9 policy [ˈpɒləsi] – Politik 10 holy [ ˈhəʊli] – Heiliger 11 to resist [rɪˈzɪst] – widersetzen 12 dead spirit [ ˈspɪrɪt] – verstorbene Geist 13 armed [ɑːmd] – bewaffnet → Solutions in tf Gate October | 2018

11

a2–B1 animals

n-D ngto

ouglas

(UK)

d l Wi ts e e r t S Farri Paul

t a h T s al Anim in Cities Live

It is more and more difficult for many wild animals to live in the countryside.

Farmers use pesticides that kill insects. This means there is less food for small mammals1 and birds – and that means there is less food for predators2. Also, farmers kill animals like wolves, foxes and badgers3. And roads make it difficult for larger animals to move around. What can a poor, hungry animal do?

A

ll over the world there are animals that have found a different way to survive4. They have moved to the cities. Cities are also dangerous for animals, of course. But humans eat a lot of food, and a lot of it is thrown away where animals can get it easily.

And some animals in some cities don’t even wait for that – they take food from gardens, from shops and even from people’s hands.

Here are a few examples of animals that live and do well in cities all around the world.

Nightlife in English Towns Around 150,000 foxes live in England’s towns and cities – there are about 18 per square kilometre in London, for example. They live in underground homes called earths, and England’s towns have lots of places to dig, such as along the sides of railway tracks5.

People often think urban foxes are terrible because they knock over6 rubbish bins7 to get food. It’s true that the leftovers8 from a barbecue make a great meal for a fox.

But foxes are great hunters, and cities are home to millions of mice, rats and delicious fat pigeons9. Much better than junk food10 every day.

Pigging Out* in Germany Wild boar** are more and more common in several European cities, but Berlin is Boar City – around 3,000-6,000 live there. They often live in parks with lots of trees. They can eat almost anything, but they are big animals (the largest males weigh around 200 kilogrammes) and they need to eat a lot.

In cities, people often see wild boar eating rubbish.

That’s only part of what they eat, though. Mostly they eat plants and roots11. They get this by rooting – digging up the ground with their snouts12 – and they often destroy gardens and roads.

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Gate October | 2018

l a r e F g

Monkeying Around*

n i o G

Hundreds of Hanuman langurs (a kind of monkey) live in the Indian city of Jodhpur. They live on the city’s roofs and steal food wherever they can – from rubbish bins, from street markets, even from people’s homes.

The Hanuman langur is a sacred13 animal in the Hindu religion. Some langur groups live in the gardens of Hindu temples14, and people bring them food. These langurs are so well-fed and healthy that they have twice as many babies as other wild langurs.

A Bird’s-Eye View of the City The Peregrine falcon (= Wanderfalke) lives almost everywhere in the world, from Europe to Australia. But the world’s biggest population lives somewhere surprising: New York City. It’s a perfect place for them.

They live on tall skyscrapers (which are very like cliffs15).

They can fly very easily because of the warm air rising from the city’s buildings and cars. And, best of all, there are lots and lots of delicious pigeons.

Because the city is safe, warm and full of food, the New York peregrines do not need to migrate in winter. Life is easy in the Big Apple.

Many urban animals live in cities because we have destroyed the countryside.

But some are feral16, which means that they were first brought to the city by humans as pets or food. Egyptian towns like Sharm El Sheikh, for instance, are home to tens of thousands of feral cats.

An area of North London has hundreds of wild parrots, the descendants17 of pets from a home in the 1950s.

And did you know that pigeons are also feral? They are also known as rock doves (= Klippentaube). Wild rock doves live on seacliffs and in the mountains.

Humans began keeping them for food and to use as messenger pigeons, and we took them everywhere in the world (we took the first pigeons to America in 1606). Many escaped, and they were the great-greatgreat grandfathers and grandmothers of all the city pigeons all over the world.

**The usual plural of boar is the same as singular: boar.

Task 1

Discuss

Which animal(s) mentioned in the article…

What was the last wild animal you saw?

A

…eat pigeons?

B

Have you seen any wild animals in your town / city?

…destroy gardens looking for food?

Have you seen any feral animals?

C

…live in places high above the ground?

Do you think it is good to have wild animals in cities? Why / Why not?

D

…are the heaviest?

E

…are feral?

F

…are mammals?

Glossary to pig out – to eat lots of food to monkey around – to act in a silly way

Task 2

Match the names with the animals.

1

2

4

A pigeon d hare

Vocabulary

3

5

b magpie e badger

6

c roe deer F squirrel

→ Die Lösungen zu den Übungen finden Sie auf www.bphi.de.

1 mammal [ˈmæml] – Säugetier 2 predator [ ˈpredətə(r)] – Jäger 3 badger [ ˈbædʒə(r)] – Dachs 4 to survive [səˈvaɪv] – überleben 5 railway track [ ˈreɪlweɪ træk] – Eisenbahngleis 6 to knock over [nɒk ˈəʊvə(r)] – umwerfen 7 rubbish bin [ ˈrʌbɪʃ bɪn] – Abfalleimer 8 leftovers [ˈleftəʊvə(r)z] – Essensreste 9 pigeon [ˈpɪdʒɪn] – Taube 10 junk food [dʒʌŋk] – Junk-Food 11 root [ruːt] – Wurzel 12 snout [ snaʊt] – Schnauze 13 sacred [ ˈseɪkrɪd] – heilig 14 temple [ˈtempl] – Tempel 15 cliff [klɪf] – Klippe 16 feral [ˈferəl] – wild 17 descendant [dɪˈsendənt] – Nachkomme

Gate October | 2018

13

A2–B1 Spotlight

tf Activities

The City of Dreams

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus: A historic railway station

Do you know how Bombay ended up in British hands?

In the 17th century the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza married King Charles II and became Queen Consort* of England. Portugal gave the seven islands of Bombay to England as part of the Queen’s dowry1.

Tess Joss (India)

Mumbai or Bombay?

In the past four centuries, the city has been called by many different names. The Portuguese called it Bombaim, meaning “good bay2”. The British called it by its anglicised name, Bombay.

In 1995 the Indian people decided to do away with3 this name because of its connections with colonialism, and the city became Mumbai, which was one of the names the place had before the arrival of the Europeans.

Mumbai is India's largest city, located on the west coast. Besides being the commercial capital of the country, it is also home to India’s famous film industry4, Bollywood. Ever wondered why it is called that? Simple – because it is Bombay’s answer to Hollywood. Therefore the B instead of the H.

Mumbai Mix Mumbai is a city of contrasts. Here you can see the richest people meeting the poorest people every minute of the day. You can find luxurious5 skyscrapers standing right next to dirty slums. Mumbai has the second largest slum in Asia, called Dharavi. But

14

Gate October | 2018

sometimes the poor housing conditions do not tell the whole story. Some of these tiny makeshift6 homes have large-screen televisions and it is difficult to say exactly how rich their inhabitants are. Even if they have money, they choose not to move out of the slum because they love the

community. They are very hard-working people who make all sorts of high-quality things. Dharavi’s leather7 market is particularly known for its cheap and longlasting products.

The Daily Fight Mumbai is an enormous city that is full of life. With a population of 20 million, the streets, trains and buses are always crowded.

It is a city where people do not have time for anything. Every day is a fight, from getting a crowded local train to work, to earning enough money to live in this expensive city.

In India, Mumbai is known as the City of Dreams. People from all over the country move to the city in the hope of building a better and richer life. One of the people

Discuss Would you like to visit Mumbai? Why / Why not?

What would be interesting about seeing Mumbai?

Have you ever visited a big city? Which one? What was it like?

History Point

who made it8 is the Indian actor Shahrukh Khan, known as the King of Bollywood.

Friends in Need There are many things about it that make it a marvellous place to live. Because people here do not have time, they don’t have conflicts with other people. In difficult times, people go out of their way to help each other out. In the past few decades, Mumbai has seen a few terrible terrorist attacks, riots9 and natural disasters10. Despite all this, the city recovered11 in no time.

The Monsoon The best time in the city is the monsoon.

The monsoon season lasts for three months

and is welcomed by the millions of Mumbaidwellers12 after five months of terrible heat. The sun rarely comes out during the monsoon months, which is something that Indians appreciate (we hate the heat).

However, the disadvantage of such a long period of non-stop rain is that the city gets flooded13 every year, and people die. The advantage to it is that, because the city stops, people are excused from going to work and schools close until a time when water levels in the city come down.

Mumbai Lessons Mumbai is a city that truly needs to be experienced. Mumbai teaches you one very important lesson: that you need very little to live, and even the little things you have can always be shared with the stranger travelling in the local train beside you.

Its sea will remind you that even among all the chaos, you’ll have a place for rest, quiet and peace. And once you take in the spirit of Mumbai, you will find yourself forever changed.

For the better, definitely.

Task

Mumbai used to have seven islands, but thanks to reclaiming (= Zurückgewinnen) land from the sea, they are now all connected and make up the southern part of the city.

Glossary Queen Consort – the wife of the king in power

Vocabulary 1 dowry [ˈdaʊri] – Mitgift 2 bay [ beɪ] – Bucht 3 to do away with – abschaffen 4 industry [ˈɪndəstri] – Industrie 5 luxurious [ lʌɡˈʒʊəriəs] – luxuriös 6 makeshift [ˈmeɪkʃɪft] – notdürftig 7 leather [ˈleðə(r)] – Leder 8 to make it – es schaffen 9 riot [ˈraɪət] – Aufstand 10 natural disaster [ˈnætʃrəl dɪˈzɑːstə(r)] – Naturkatastrophe 11 to recover [rɪˈkʌvə(r)] – erholen 12 dweller [ˈdwelə(r)] – Bewohner 13 flood, to get flooded [flʌd ˈflʌdɪd] – Überflutung, wird überflutet

Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.

1

Bombay became British through war / marriage.

2

Mumbai was chosen as the official name of the city to forget / remember its colonial past.

3

All / Not all the residents of Dharavi are poor.

4

Everyday life involves travelling by comfortable / crowded trains and high / low prices.

5

In difficult times, people in Mumbai help / don’t help each other.

6

The monsoon season lasts two / three months and it means schools close / open.

7

In Mumbai you will learn that you need very little / a lot. → Solutions in tf Gate October | 2018

15

a2–b1 Leaders

Track 9

tf Activities

Gandhi, the Activist Mahatma Gandhi was one of the world’s most famous activists.

He promoted1 peaceful2 activism and his actions still influence3 people today. His journey from a young child, growing up in India, to one of the most famous names in history is a fascinating one.

Indian Independence8 When Gandhi returned to India, he was shocked to see how poor his country was.

He wanted to improve the living conditions9 for his people, leading many protests, and was put in prison many times. At the time, the UK ruled10 India, and Gandhi wanted India to be independent. The protests he led were peaceful – people would go on strike (not work), march and sit in the streets.

When Gandhi was put in prison he would often fast (not eat) in protest. Because the Indian people loved Gandhi, the British always had to let him go from prison – if he died, there would be chaos.

Karen Cryer (UK)

The Beginnings of Greatness Gandhi was born on October 2nd 1869.

He often fought for the rights4 of poor people, so it’s surprising that his family was well-off5. His father worked for the government and Gandhi had a comfortable childhood. His mother taught him everything about the Hindu religion6.

Teenage Rebellion

Peace Brings Change

Gandhi was a teenage rebel. He stopped following the Hindu religion, ate meat, drank alcohol and spent time with girls. At the young age of 13, Gandhi married a girl called Kasturba, who was 14. This sounds crazy now, but back then in India it wasn’t so unusual to get married at such a young age. The marriage was arranged by his parents.

Finally, in 1947, Britain agreed to give India independence. However, they divided the country in two – Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan. Gandhi and the Indian people were not happy and many riots11 started in which a lot of people died. Gandhi fasted to make people stop the violence12. He was successful in Calcutta and New Delhi, but his life ended suddenly. He was killed by a Hindu fanatic. However, his message about peaceful protest is still alive today.

Learning Law After his father died, Gandhi felt it was important to improve himself. He studied law in London. However, when he returned to India to be a lawyer, he was not successful. He took a job in South Africa and it was there that he really started to fight for what was right.

CD Listening

Peaceful Protest In South Africa, Gandhi and other Indian immigrants were discriminated against because of their skin colour. For example, Gandhi was once thrown off

Listen to interesting facts about Gandhi and do an exercise in TF.

Vocabulary a train even though he bought a first class ticket. There were other anti-Indian laws, too.

Gandhi led over 2,000 people in a march7 to protest for their rights and was put in prison.

After nine months he was set free and South Africa changed the laws that discriminated against Indians. By peaceful protest, he had improved the lives of thousands of people.

16

Gate October | 2018

1 to promote [prəˈməʊt] – einsetzen 2 peaceful [ˈpiːsfl] – friedlich 3 to influence [ˈɪnfluəns] – prägen 4 rights [ˈraɪts] – Rechte 5 well-off [ˌwel ˈɒf] – wohlhabend 6 religion [rɪˈlɪdʒən] – Religion 7 march [mɑːtʃ] – Marsch 8 independence [ˌɪndɪˈpendəns] – Unabhängigkeit 9 conditions [ kənˈdɪʃnz] – Bedingungen 10 to rule [ ruːl] – regieren 11 riots [ ˈraɪəts] – Unruhen 12 violence [ˈvaɪələns] – Gewalt

Mega

nL

eBo

euf

A (US

)

Agent Gate

PUZZLE a2

An Interview ther

’m ll you, I tor? I te c ’t o n d d i d y I nearl ou? Ano y ! ) e 8 r ( a v o c i h a W imc the pl e ! I’m a t here, to t o g not crazy people, o t ). Those ou have 7 Y – 6 ! ( e v a i t v l r su e ra They have y have th (22–23). t c i s n e c where the r e think cat ot just c 6). They 1 ( , y g they’re n z o a n r i c r ely of ile . Absolut want some kind 1)! Crazy 1 , I don’t – d 0 n 1 a ( t s o r h e d n u y o are ly e t h hat t You have ’t care w ey they are.

5). I don – eople. Th 4 p ( t m n o a c t i r o p m hat i W e to lanp . ar nment but they the gover n ? i s a ) believe, e 1 d 2 i – these fleen (20 rld with o w have cuni e h t o do t will they

Come in, come in, Agent Gate. But please, let’s speak quietly. We have a man in the next room who is very, very upset. Unfortunately, we don’t understand exactly what’s wrong. He can’t even speak normally! We think some of the words he’s saying are scrambled (= verdreht). We need your help unscrambling them.

You can go in and talk to him now. Just be careful! We don’t know if he’s dangerous.

Next Steps

be not. A lot of strange Maybe this man is crazy… but may We need you to find the place things are happening these days. what’s there. But first we have to he’s talking about and go and see he’s not speaking clearly… se, figure out where it is. And of cour that. Not in the blue house!

It was on Apple Street, I remember bank. It was the red house. the and That one’s between the park only red house that is not next Red! But just the one red house. The e is west of the park, of course, to another red house! The post offic why is the school next to the with three houses in between. And ses west of the supermarket, supermarket? There are two red hou k. The most beautiful house on of course, between it and the ban east of the post office. I know the street is the yellow one to the w house. There are two more yello there’s a red house next to that of the school. The house west yellow houses on that street, east the cafe! There are four houses of the park is red, too. Don’t go to There are blue houses, two of between the cafe and the school. cafe, them, one east and one west of that t wes the of t wes se hou red and another ! them stop to have you kly, Quic blue one.

Die Lösungen zu den Übungen finden Sie auf www.bphi.de.

Gate October | 2018

17

a2–B1 Geography

Track 10

tf Lesson Plan 2

Have you ever heard of Worcestershire? You probably know the sauce, but why is it called that? And you know about Yorkshire, which gave a name to a dog. But why is Yorkshire called that? And if you’ve read or seen Alice in Wonderland, you’ve met the Cheshire cat. All these things are named after the places they are from – more specifically, the counties1 they are from. In the UK, counties are the areas the country is divided into. As you can see, the names of many of the counties are often made from taking the biggest or most important town or city and adding “shire” (Worcester + shire = Worcestershire). Let’s visit a few of the counties of England.

A r ound

1 Cornwall 2 Oxfordshire 3 Berkshire

2 3

1

Liam Peach (UK)

Oxfordshire

Cornwall

population

population

682,400 Oxford

D id Y ou K now ?

Oxfordshire is of course best-known for its county town, Oxford, with its world-famous university.

Oxford University is so old that, nobody knows exactly when it was founded2! We do know that there has been a place for education3 there since 1096. If you’ve seen any of the Harry Potter films, you have seen Oxford University – many of its historical buildings were used to film scenes in Hogwarts, the school for witches and wizards. And Harry Potter is not the only film to use Oxfordshire landmarks4 – the James Bond film Spectre used Winston Churchill’s birthplace Blenheim Palace for some scenes, and TV shows like Downton Abbey and Midsomer Murders have also been made in the county. And it is not just film and TV companies that like Oxfordshire, it is one of the most popular places in England for tourists too.

18

Oxford has more published5 writers per square mile* than anywhere else on Earth! Writers who have a connection with Oxford include J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Oscar Wilde and Philip Pullman.

Gate October | 2018

563,600

county town

Truro

Not all the counties end in “shire” and Cornwall is one of them. And that is maybe no surprise because Cornwall is a unique6 county. It is the most south-western part of Great Britain and is surrounded by sea to the north, west and south. Because of this, it has miles of coastline7 and beaches and is one of the most beautiful places in the UK. It is also the best place in the country for surfing. Cornwall is the traditional home of the Cornish people – Celts who had their own language and customs8. Many of the inhabitants of this county can trace9 their roots10 back to their Celtic ancestors11, and although less than 1 % of modern Cornish people can speak the language, it lives on in the names of towns, businesses, people and in modern Cornish dialect.

Cornwall is still a very independent place, and Cornish people are very proud of their history and traditions. Perhaps the best thing to come out of Cornwall is the Cornish pasty – a savoury12 meal of beef, swede13, potato and Cornwall has its own onion wrapped in pastry14 and saint – Saint Piran. His day is celebrated on March 5th cooked. Delicious, or as the with parades15, concerts and Cornish would say, dentethyel!

D id Y ou K now ?

county town

dancing. Some towns even give out free Cornish pasties!

ound the C ounti e s

Berkshire population

905,800

Berkshire doesn’t have a county town – the biggest town is Reading

CD Listening

Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire

Listen to the recording about another county.

county town

D id Y ou K now ?

People sometimes forget about Berkshire, (pronounced ˈbɑːrkʃər), and it’s true that some of its towns like Slough and Reading don’t live very long in the memory, but there are lots of other things here that make Berkshire worth16 a visit.

One of the main attractions is Windsor Castle, the weekend home of the Queen and the place where Prince Harry and Meghan Markle recently got married. Berkshire is also home to one of the most famous schools in the country – Eton. Nineteen different British prime ministers went to Eton, as well as Princes William and Harry, and actors Tom Hiddleston and Eddie Redmayne. And Berkshire’s connection to the stars doesn’t end there. Actresses Kate Winslet and Natalie Dormer were born there, as was comedian Ricky Gervais, and George and Amal Clooney like Berkshire so much, Windsor they bought a house there. And even if you’ve never Castle is been to Berkshire, you might have seen it on TV or the biggest in a film – Highclere Castle is the real life Downton inhabited17 castle in Abbey and the scenes at 4 Privet Drive in the Harry the world.

Potter films were also filmed in the county.

Glossary square mile – 2.6 km2 dialect – a form of language spoken in a particular region, area

Vocabulary 1 county [ˈkaʊnti] – Staat 2 to found [ faʊnd] – gründen 3 education [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn] – Bildung 4 landmark [ ˈlændmɑːk] – Wahrzeichen 5 published [ ˈpʌblɪʃt] – veröffentlicht 6 unique [ juˈniːk] – einzigartig 7 coastline [ˈkəʊstlaɪn] – Küstenstrecke 8 custom [ˈkʌstəm] – Brauch 9 to trace [treɪs] – zurückführen 10 roots [ ruːts] – Herkunft 11 ancestor [ ˈænsestə(r)] – Vorfahre 12 savoury [ ˈseɪvəri] – herzhaft 13 swede [ swiːd] – Kohlrübe 14 pastry [ˈpeɪstri] – Pastete 15 parade [ pəˈreɪd] – Festzug 16 inhabited [ ɪnˈhæbɪtɪd] – bewohnt

Gate October | 2018

19

A2-B1 Music

Here at Gate we’ve been listening to the charts and we’ve found some new musicians who are getting really big. Have you heard any of them?

What do you think of their music?

Kristine Botha (South Africa)

Alessia’s Music Alessia Cara is a 22-year-old singer-songwriter from Canada, known for hits such as “Here” and “Scars to Your Beautiful”. She began her career by posting acoustic* covers1 of her favourite songs on YouTube at the age of 13, but in 2015 she released2 her first official album of original songs. Her music mixes R&B and pop, and she sings about partying, love, growing up, and accepting3 individual beauty.

A Canadian Success This Canadian star won her first Grammy Award in 2018, for “Best New Artist”. She is the first Canadian to ever win this award.

This suggests that she is a star to watch. Her latest single, “Growing Pains”, is about the challenges4 of becoming an adult.

Fun Facts

sney ck for the Di the soundtra on ed .” ur Go at l r I’l t Alessia is fe song “How Fa , singing the eak Italian. movie Moana 5 and she can sp lian roots usical t She has Ita plays three m ging, Alessia sin e ukulele. th es d sid an r, Be t ano, the guita pi e th : ts en instrum

Alessia Cara Pop Music’s New Sweetheart

Troye’s Music Troye is a 23-year-old Australian pop artist taking the music world by storm6 with his interesting releases. As a proud member of the LGTBQ* community*, his music (and music videos) often look at the problems he faced as a young gay man.

n Fu

s ct Fa

t S Tr w out oye he h t n A w in He he fric as b W m is w a, or o t olv vie an as bu n in o Li eri s ac tw t m J fo n Y ke ne suc tor o y ov oha llo ou Ale an h to ea ed n n r w Tu ss d as o in b ia th X ; T s o to esb g e, , T e -M ro ld Au u . on an ro S st rg e y ra in lin d ye pu n O e h lia e. he s d t r as st tar rilo igi be n ill te en ha d gy. s: s ou a bi t g

His youthful, fun pop sound also has electronic influences7 and darker lyrics at times. He describes his last album, Blue Neighbourhood, as a “coming-of-age8” record, as he was still discovering who he was when he wrote it. His new album, Bloom, came out in late August, but he has already had success with a few tracks from it, such as “My My My!”, “The Good Side”, and “Dance to This” (a collaboration9 with Ariana Grande).

Troye Sivan

A Brave Gay Pop Star

Julia’s Music

Julia Michaels From Behind the Scenes into the Spotlight13

After posting his cool and laid-back10 tracks on the SoundCloud website, the 20-year-old American singer Khalid became one of the hottest new stars of the last few years.

His sound is mainly R&B, but his influences come from pop, rock and rap.

Fun Facts

Despite being so new on the scene (he released his biggest song, “Location”, in 2016) he has already earned Grammy nominations and worked with high-profile stars like Kendrick Lamar and had a very successful, sold out11 tour. He released his first album, American Teen, in 2017.

Khalid

sical t Khalid studied mu in high g gin sin and e atr the school. up t His popularity went erstar when social media sup his song d ste po ner Jen ie Kyl pchat “Location” on her Sna followers. account to millions of orgia, USA, t He was born in Ge places nt ere diff in d live but rked for wo r the mo because his 12 n lived in the military . He eve Germany for six years.

The New Kid on the Block

Glossary

cts Fun Fa

Although she only released her EP* Nervous System in 2017, 24-year-old Julia has actually been on the pop music scene for a while. However, instead of being the face of the music, she was behind the scenes, writing music for stars like Justin Bieber, Selena Gomez and Gwen Stefani.

When she wrote her first solo single, “Issues”, she said that she wanted to sell the song to bigger stars, but she just couldn’t see anyone singing it but her.

Now, the song is a hit, along with tracks such as “Uh Huh” and “Heaven”. As a genius with catchy14 lyrics and melodies, this songwriter is fast becoming a star.

Khalid’s music

ulia me is J real na ther fa r e t Her H vazos. a C o n t ri Ca name ed his ame to chang en he c act. h w ls e to d e t Micha n and wa that the US o o t t a has a t e her h n S

o t p” peak u says “s . throat most of the e e t On ngs sh r sful so orry” fo succes S “ is n e s t t a ri w w h has whic Bieber, it.

Justin h e ber on a num

acoustic – not using electrical equipment LGTBQ – Lesbian, Gay, Transgender, Bisexual and Queer EP – a collection of songs by an artist, shorter than an album

Vocabulary 1 cover [ˈkʌvə(r)] – Cover / Neufassung 2 to release [rɪˈliːs] – veröffentlichen 3 to accept [əkˈsept] – annehmen 4 challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] – Herausforderung 5 roots [ruːts] – Wurzeln 6 to take by storm [ stɔːm] – im Sturm erobern 7 influence [ˈɪnfluəns] – Einfluss 8 coming-of-age [ ˌkʌmɪŋ əv ˈeɪdʒ] – Erwachsenwerden 9 collaboration [ kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn] – Zusammenarbeit 10 laid-back [ˌleɪd ˈbæk] – lässig 11 sold out [ ˌsəʊld ˈaʊt] – ausverkauft 12 military [ˈmɪlətri] – Militär 13 spotlight [ˈspɒtlaɪt] – Rampenlicht 14 catchy [ˈkætʃi] – einprägsam

Gate October | 2018

21

a2–B1Media A2-B1 Social

SKAM Austin A Social Media Series

What is SKAM? SKAM Austin offers its viewers1 a window into the lives of teens at the fictional2 Bouldin High School in Austin, Texas. Although the show follows a script and the characters are not real people, it feels like they are. From the camera work to the acting and to the unique3 format, the series is very realistic. Even the actors are local teens, not famous faces we can see everywhere. The series shows the average life of a teenager – changing friendships, struggling to pass4 classes, attraction of all types, bullying5, and family issues – all without sugar-coating* things.

Next time you’re looking for a TV show to follow, look at your Facebook page. I’m not saying your friends’ lives are that dramatic (or perhaps they are).

No, I’m talking about Facebook Watch, the new service that lets you watch certain series for free, simply by having a Facebook account. And one of these new series is called SKAM Austin.

Molly Emmett (USA)

Who is who?

Season 1 of SKAM Austin follows 16-year-old Megan during the end of her sophomore* year.

Over eight full episodes, we meet lots of really interesting characters.

Though we mostly see Megan and her problems, we slowly learn secrets about the other characters that leave us impatiently6 waiting for the next season.

Megan

Marlon, Megan’s boyfriend, who might be hiding something.

Abby, Megan’s ex-bestfriend, who may not be as bad as she seems.

The Original Style

Shay, Megan’s friend, is the only person she can really talk to.

SKAM Austin is not an entirely new show. It is actually based on a Norwegian series called SKAM, which means “shame8”. The original series began in 2015 and continued for four seasons on the Norwegian channel NRK P3. Every day, the channel’s website released a clip of about three or four minutes, in “real time”. The episodes were marked9 with the same dates and times that they went online, so it seemed like the characters were living in the same timeline as the viewers. To make the characters even more realistic, the original SKAM created social media profiles for them, and posted links to the text messages they wrote, on the website. Every Friday, the producers would combine all of the clips into a full-length episode.

22

Gate October | 2018

Grace, the cool new girl, with whom Megan joins the dance team.

Kelsey and her eccentric7 best friend Josefina, who are both on the dance team.

Glossary to sugar-coat sth – to make something seem more attractive than it really is sophomore – the second year of high school in America transmedia – across all types of social media video-on-demand – video you can watch whenever you want

Vocabulary 1 viewer [ ˈvjuːə(r)] – Zuschauer 2 fictional [ˈfɪkʃənl] – erfunden 3 unique [ juˈniːk] – einzigartig 4 struggle to pass [ˈstrʌɡl pɑːs] – darum kämpfen, etwas zu bestehen 5 bullying [ˈbʊliɪŋ] – Mobbing 6 impatiently [ɪmˈpeɪʃntli] – ungeduldig 7 eccentric [ɪkˈsentrɪk] – exzentrisch 8 shame [ ʃeɪm] – Schande 9 to mark [ mɑːk] – kennzeichnen 10 to deal with [ diːl] – mit etwas umgehen 11 uplifting [ˌʌpˈlɪftɪŋ] – erhebend

Why watch?

A Big Success

Facebook Series & Instagram Profiles One of the qualities that made SKAM so special was its “transmedia*” format. All of the content is available through Facebook Watch, the video-on-demand* service operated by Facebook since 2017. Just go to the SKAM Austin Facebook page, and all of the episodes are there for you – plus screenshots of text messages and links to the characters’ Instagram accounts.

Although the accounts were made for the show, they follow the storyline so well that they almost seem real.

SKAM became one of the most popular Norwegian series in their country and around the world. Several European countries made their own versions. Some fans would even stop music at parties when a new clip was released, so they could all watch it live.

SKAM Italia, SKAM France, and DRUCK (the German version) all follow the original storyline, but the characters have different names and have slightly different problems.

Though they deal with10 some really difficult situations, the SKAM series are uplifting11. Whether you see yourself in one of the characters or all of them, the way they overcome their shame and talk to each other is very inspiring. Plus, the format is so different from other programs that some people have called it “the future of storytelling.” Julie Andem, the original Norwegian creator, said her idea was to “…show teens everywhere that they are not alone.”

Julie Andem

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A2-B1 Food

tf Activities

Superfood Superstars There is no official definition of superfoods, but generally we can say that superfoods contain lots of vitamins and minerals and are great for the human body.

Here are some superfoods. Would you like to try them?

Antoinette Karuna (Canada)

1

Task

Fresh turmeric (= Kurkuma) looks a lot like ginger1. It is great for the immune2 system and the liver3. You can grate4 it over rice, mix it into smoothies, or make tea with it.

Wheat germ (= Weizenkeim) is the part of wheat5 that is taken out to make white flour. It is very nutritious6, full of magnesium and vitamin E. It is delicious with yogurt or granola!

5

Kale (= Grünkohl) is a dark green vegetable with big leaves that is full of minerals and vitamins, and it is also great for your eyes. And you can add kale to salads, smoothies and stir fries*.

Raw12 chocolate is chocolate that has been less processed13 than regular chocolate. It contains far more vitamins and antioxidants, and is therefore much healthier.

Kimchi is a Korean side dish* made from cabbage with radishes (= Rettich), carrots, chili, garlic, and ginger. It can be quite spicy! Kimchi is a fermented11 food, and all fermented foods are very healthy.

Chia [ˈtʃiːə] seeds are tiny seeds that are white, dark brown, or black and come from the plant Salvia Hispanica that grows in Central America. They contain calcium, magnesium and other minerals, and contain lots of healthy omega-3 fatty acids*.

7

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Dried mulberries (= Maulbeeren) are used in traditional Chinese medicine to make the liver and kidneys9 strong. They contain lots of iron and calcium. Try adding them to granola10.

Glossary side dish – a smaller amount of food served together with a main meal, e.g. rice omega-3 fatty acids – healthy acids (= kyseliny) the body needs to function better stir fry – a type of food that is made by frying meat and vegetables in a pan

Vocabulary

8 Superfood Recipe in TF

24

2

3

4

Flax (= Lein) seeds7 are brown and they contain lots of omega-3 fatty acids. You can eat them whole or grind8 them up.

Put them into yogurts, fruit salads or granola.

6

Read the information and match each superfood with the correct picture.

1 ginger [ ˈdʒɪndʒə(r)] – Ingwer 2 immune [ɪˈmjuːn] – immun 3 liver [ˈlɪvə(r)] – Leber 4 to grate [ɡreɪt] – reiben 5 wheat [ wiːt] – Weizen 6 nutritious [njuˈtrɪʃəs] – nahrhaft 7 seed [ siːd] – Samen 8 to grind [ ɡraɪnd] – mahlen 9 kidney [ ˈkɪdni] – Niere 10 granola [ ɡrəˈnəʊlə] – Knuspermüsli 11 fermented [fəˈmentɪd] – vergoren 12 raw [rɔː] – Rohkost 13 processed [ ˈprəʊsest] – verarbeitet

health A2-B1

Liam Peach (UK)

Raw sugar from cane is shipped around the world to factories, where it is refined. Sugar beet can also grow in colder climates, so the crushing and refining often happens in one factory.

What is refining? Raw sugar is made into a syrup. It is filtered and passed over carbon7 to lose its colour. This colourless syrup is boiled and then crystalised8. About 190 million tonnes of sugar were produced worldwide in 2018.

In nature, we can find sugar in fruits. Plants also need sugar and many animals feed on it.

Honeybees are especially important, because they produce honey. The difference is that honey contains fructose and glucose, and almost no sucrose.

As fruits ripen9, they get more sucrose, but many types of fruit have almost no sucrose at all.

That means that even if sucrose is natural, it is not nature’s main type of sugar. Only thanks to refining, are we able to produce sucrose in such large amounts.

Many people nowadays are starting to think about the importance of refined sugar. Why do we need to refine if we have healthy sugar from nature? Some countries have a lot of fruit the whole year round but some don’t – in the past, this was the main argument for refining sugar.

Sugar

White table sugar is another name for sucrose. It is naturally produced by plants but then refined1. We get sucrose from sugar cane2 or sugar beet3. We crush4 them in a sugar mill5 and get raw6 sugar.

Healthy lifestyle and food are very popular topics.

Many new types of food appear all the time and some traditional ones are now thought of as unhealthy. Sugar, especially, is having a hard time.

No sugar

Sugar is very important for us, because it gives us energy. But if we want it to be healthy for us, we have to eat it in the right form.

Too much sugar is bad for your skin and can cause weight gain. Refined sugar gives you energy very quickly (for example dancers eat chocolate before performing).

But this energy soon disappears and leaves you wanting more. Fruit, on the other side, contains a lot of vitamins. But too much of anything is not good, and doctors say that even if it’s fruit, we should eat it in reasonable portions.

But that doesn’t mean that you have to say goodbye to your favourite cake. There are many sweet desserts with no refined sugar.

If you try raw chocolate you will realise that its taste is very intense. With a raw chocolate cake, you get all the benefits of chocolate in their natural form and you will often feel that you don’t need another piece.

At first sight, there can be no difference between an unhealthy and a low-sugar muffin so – don’t judge the book by its cover. Sugar is important for us and you should enjoy it, only do so in reasonable amounts – combine sweets with fruits and prefer quality to quantity.

Vocabulary 1 to refine [rɪˈfʌɪn] – raffinieren 2 sugar cane [ˈʃʊɡə keɪn] – Zuckerrohr 3 sugar beet [ˈʃʊɡə biːt] – Zuckerrübe 4 to crush [krʌʃ] – zerdrücken 5 sugar mill [ˈʃʊɡə mɪl] – Zucker-Raffinerie 6 raw [rɔː] – roh 7 carbon [ˈkɑːb(ə)n] – Karbon 8 to crystalise [ˈkrɪst(ə)lʌɪz] – kristallisiert 9 to ripen [ˈrʌɪp(ə)n] – reifen

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a2–B1 language

Vocabulary SOS

Physical Description

We often have to describe what people look like, but it’s not always clear what words we can use. For example, you might know that a person can be thin, but what about the opposite? The opposite of thin is thick, right? Uh oh! In British English, to say a person is thick means they are stupid. How about fat? No good either; it’s very rude.

What can we say instead?

Paul Farrington-Douglas (UK)

Thinking About Your Body Someone could be short, tall (not high) or average height (we don’t say “normal height”). We can also talk about someone’s build (= Figur), which means their body shape. Some people have an average build. An athletic build means quite muscular (= muskulös) and probably quite slim (= schlank). Skinny and thin describe somebody who has a small build or who is underweight (= untergewichtig).

If someone is on the heavy side, try not to use the words fat or overweight. Instead, try describing them as large or big.

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Face and Features Some people have a broad (= breit) face, others have a narrow (= schmal) face, some a round face. Some have high cheekbones (= hohe Wangenknochen). Some people have little dots on their skin called freckles (= Sommersprossen). Lips can be thin or full (not thick or fat).

Men (well… mainly men) may have a beard or moustache. It’s OK to say someone has big eyes, but it’s rude to say someone has a “big nose” or “big chin”, so we say strong nose and strong chin. As for skin, some have clear skin but as teenagers we sometimes get spots (BrE) / zits (AmE) or pimples. And one more very special word: dimples (= Grübchen). These are the little holes some people get in their cheeks when they smile. So cute!

Hairstyles

People can have short hair, or even a shaved head. Maybe they have shoulderlength hair. If they have long hair, it could be loose (= offen) or perhaps tied up in a ponytail (= Pferdeschwanz). Or it might be in plaits (BrE) / braids (AmE) (= geflochtene Haare, Zopf). They could even have spiky (= Igelfrisur) hair or a Mohawk / Mohican. People’s hairstyle usually depends on their hair type – hair can be straight, wavy or curly.

More practice with Gate Speaking Cards.

A Blonde Walked into a Bar… Hair can be different colours. A woman with blonde hair is a blonde and one with brown hair a brunette; a man with blonde hair is a blond and with brown hair a brunet (no “e” at the end). A person with red hair is a redhead.

Of course, their hair colour can change if they dye it.

Describe the people in the pictures (hair, face). Write at least three sentences.

Task

KET Reading and Writing

Key English Test For Schools Extract from ’Cambridge English Key for Schools Practice Tests Student’s Book (2013 Edition)’.

Published by National Geographic Cengage Learning.

Used with permission. All rights reserved.

Reading and Writing

Part 1

Questions 1–5 Which notice (A–H) says this (1–5)?

For questions 1–5, mark the correct letter A–H. Example: Go here if you want help learning English.

0

1

You must keep this closed.

2

You need to go to a different place.

3

This machine does not work.

4

You can buy a drink here.

5

You can’t leave a car here.

a

Answer: b

D

c

All language books are on the first floor

the assistant is ill

E

en , Co m pu t er br ok he r pl ea se us e an ot

F

Tennis practice tonight is one hour earlier than usual – 5 pm

c b

Shop closed because

The biology lesson has G

been moved to Room 9

H

Tea and coffee – £1

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KET Reading and Writing

Reading and Writing

Part 2

Questions 6–10 Read the sentences about homework.

Choose the best word (A, B or C) for each space.

For questions 6–10, mark A, B or C. Example: Teachers sometimes ______ their students a lot of homework.

0

A give

B ask

C make

Answer: A

6

A lot of students use a ______ when they do a project.

A course

7

B writes

C decides

B test

C term

You must always ______ all your homework.

A finish

28

C do

If you have a ______ , you should study a lot for a few days before.

A diploma

10

B learn

The teacher often ______ the homework in the next lesson.

A checks

9

C language

Most children have to ______ homework every day.

A read

8

B dictionary

Gate October | 2018

B get

C end

KET Reading and Writing

Reading and Writing

Part 3

Questions 11–15

A I don’t know them.

How many people are coming?

Complete the five conversations.

For questions 11–15, mark A, B or C.

B Nearly all of it.

Example: 0

C Not many.

Answer: C

11

When does the film start?

12

That was really great, wasn’t it?

13

Which one are you going to choose?

14

It rained all day yesterday.

15

Would you like another piece of cake?

A It was after that.

B Quite soon, I think.

C Let’s tell everyone.

A I enjoyed it, too.

B How did you know?

C It wasn’t very much.

A Oh, not again!

B Yes, probably.

C I can’t decide.

A What do you think?

B I expect it will.

C Did you stay at home, then?

A Maybe later, thanks.

B Yes, let’s!

C It’s not the right one.

Questions 16–20 Complete the telephone conversation between two friends.

What does Natasha say to Vanessa?

For questions 16–20, mark the correct letter A–H.

Example: Vanessa: Hi, Natasha. It’s me.

Natasha: 0 ______ Answer: C

Vanessa: Yes, I’m sorry I haven’t called you for so long. I’ve been on holiday.

A

I know you love the sea.

The beach sounds great, too!

B

Really? I’ve never been there.

What’s it like?

C

Hi there! How are you? I haven’t spoken to you for a long time!

D

How long did you stay?

E

Did you like them?

F

Great! Where did you go?

G

So what did your dad do?

H

Where did you stay?

Natasha: 16 _____ Vanessa: I went to Spain with my family.

Natasha: 17 _____ Vanessa: It’s really great. It has lovely beaches and the food is very nice.

Natasha: 18 _____ Vanessa: In a hotel near the beach, so we went swimming every day. It was really sunny and hot, and I love swimming when it’s really warm.

Natasha: 19 _____ Vanessa: Yes, but my dad doesn’t like swimming and he can’t stay in the sun very long because he goes red, and that’s really dangerous!

Natasha: 20 _____ Vanessa: He put some cream on and stayed out of the sun for most of the holiday. We had a great time!

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KET Reading and Writing

Reading and Writing

Part 4

Questions 21–27 Read the article about talking to people on the Internet.

Are sentences 21–27 ’Right’ (A) or ’Wrong’ (B)?

If there is not enough information to answer ’Right’ (A) or ’Wrong’ (B), choose ’Doesn’t say’ (C).

For questions 21–27, mark A, B or C.

Communication

good thing is we can invite lots of people at the same time, so it’s quicker and cheaper than sending lots of invitations.

Another popular site is TwitterTM. We can write messages and if we ‘follow’ someone on TwitterTM, we can read their messages.

Famous people have a lot of ‘followers’.

People usually write about what they are thinking or doing. The messages are very short and sometimes they are funny or interesting.

The way we communicate with our friends has changed. These days, we have conversations on the computer or the mobile phone. We don’t write letters much anymore. We write emails instead.

Internet sites like FacebookTM help us find old friends, chat with other people and join groups with similar interests.

FacebookTM is also useful if you want to invite people to a party or a concert. The

Example: We talk to each other in the same way as people did in the past.

0

A Right

B Wrong

C Doesn’t say

Answer: B

21

People use technology several times a day to communicate.

A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say

22

People write emails less now than they used to.

A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say

23

You can find people from the past on the Internet.

A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say

24

The Internet is a quick way of inviting friends to a party.

A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say

25

Twitter™ is more popular than Facebook™.

A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say

26

Famous people don’t use Twitter™.

A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say

27

There are no pictures on Twitter™.

A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say

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KET Reading and Writing

Reading and Writing

Part 5

Questions 28–35 Read the article about a famous building.

Choose the best word (A, B or C) for each space.

For questions 28–35, mark A, B or C.

The Houses of Parliament

The Houses of Parliament is one of (0) _________ most famous buildings in the world. It is in the centre (28) _________ London, next to Big Ben, a very large clock. On the opposite (29) _________ of the street, there is a very old church called Westminster Abbey. The King of England began to build the Houses of Parliament in London about a thousand years (30) _________ as a house for him to live in. There (31) _________ a terrible fire in 1834 and the building burnt

visit today. There are more (34) _________ 1,100 rooms in the

down. (32) _________ the fire, it was rebuilt (33) _________

Houses of Parliament. Maybe that’s why it (35) _________

a man called Charles Barry, and this is the building you can

thirty years to finish!

Example: A the

0

B a

C an

Answer: A

28

A at B of C to

29

A way B part C side

30

A ago B since C before

31

A became B was C were

32

A During B In C After

33

A by B from C with

34

A than B as C from

35

A was B gave C took

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KET Reading and Writing

Reading and Writing

Part 6

Questions 36–40 Read the descriptions of some words about travel.

What is the word for each one?

The first letter is already there. There is one space for each other letter in the word.

For questions 36–40, write the words.

Example: You go in this to fly to another country.

0

a________

Answer: aeroplane

36

You need one of these to use buses and trains.

t_____

37

People use this to put their clothes in when they travel.

s_______

38

People go here to catch a train.

s______

39

If you travel by car, you’ll need to put this in your car.

p_____

40

Take one of these if you don’t want to get lost.

m__

Reading and Writing

Part 7

Questions 41–50 Complete the email from Dan about his smartphone.

Write ONE word for each space.

For questions 41–50, write the words.

Example: 0

have _______________

I (0) _______________ got a new smartphone. It (41) _______________ really cool and it’s much better (42) _______________ my last mobile. You (43) _______________ play games on it, use (44) _______________ Internet and read ebooks on it, too! I (45) _______________ writing this email on it right now!

My cousin also has a smartphone and when he calls (46) _______________ , we can see each other! My phone has a really good camera and I’ve taken lots (47) _______________ cool photographs. I’ll email you some.

When you come to my house, I’ll show (48) _______________ the phone. I can’t take it to school (49) _______________ me because phones aren’t allowed, and I’m scared that I’ll lose (50) _______________ !

See you soon, Dan

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KET Listening

Tracks 11–15

Listening

Part 1

Questions 1–5 You will hear five short conversations.

You will hear each conversation twice.

There is one question for each conversation.

For each question, choose the right answer (A, B or C).

Example: Which is the girl’s cat?

1

3

B

C

£7

£5

£2

A

B

C

B

C

B

C

How much is the bill?

Where did Barry go last summer?

A 4

What time will the train arrive?

A 5

C

B

What will she try on?

A 2

A

Where are they going?

CINEMA

A

B

C

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KET Listening

Listening

Part 2

Questions 6–10 Listen to Dora talking to Graham about their friends and different kinds of DVDs. What kinds of DVDs do their friends like?

For questions 6–10, write a letter A–H next to each person.

You will hear the conversation twice.

Example: H

William

0

PEOPLE

DVDs

6

Phillip

A

love story

7

Diana

B

music concert

8

Charles

C

history

9

George

D

cartoon

10

Elizabeth

E

adventure

F

nature film

G

art

H

opera

Listening

Part 3

Questions 11–15 Listen to Alexia talking to her friend Dennis about making a school poster.

For each question, choose the right answer (A, B, or C).

You will hear the conversation twice.

Example: Alexia’s ballet class finishes at

0

A 5.30.

B 4.00.

C 6.30.

11

What time can Alexia and Dennis meet?

14

A today just after school B today at half past eight C tomorrow after five 12

Alexia and Dennis are going to meet at A Dennis’s house.

B Alexia’s house.

C school.

13

What has Alexia already got?

A markers B photos C magazines

34

Gate October | 2018

Their poster is going to be about A horses.

B ballet.

C football.

15

How is Dennis going to get to Alexia’s house?

A on foot B by car C by bus

KET Listening

Listening

Part 4

Questions 16–20 You will hear a boy, Kevin, and his mother planning a holiday.

Listen and complete each question.

You will hear the conversation twice.

Our holiday plans

leave home at:

7 o' clock

take the boat at:

(16) __________________

first go to:

(17) __________________

then go to:

Gerald (18) __________________ Zoo

cost of tickets:

(19) £ __________________

food at the restaurant:

(20) __________________ and salads

Listening

Part 5

Questions 21–25 You will hear a young girl talking about clothes.

Listen and complete each question.

You will hear the information twice.

The latest fashion

needs clothes for:

warmer weather

this year’s fashion colour:

(21) __________________

favourite shop:

(22) __________________

shoe size:

(23) __________________

get a:

(24) __________________ for tennis practice

shop is near:

(25) __________________

Solutions to the test in TF Gate October | 2018

35

SONDERANGEBOT Halbjahresabonnement Januar 2019 – Juni 2019

nur

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