英倫聚焦
Troops to Teachers 師資嚴重缺乏 英推出軍人轉任教師計畫 撰文及考題設計 British Council 英協教育中心 Melissa Henry 中譯 陳昱婷（中央社編譯）
I
1
that recently started in 2014. This £2 million
n the past few years, British schools have
government-run program allows some ex-military
suffered from a large teacher shortage, which in
service personnel to train to become teachers after
some schools and areas has caused larger class sizes
completing a two-year program, as well as aids in
or forced children to take places in another school
transitioning back to civilian life.
further from their home. Various schemes have been
過去幾年，英國學校師資嚴重短缺，導致有些
introduced to train teachers in order to fill vacancies,
學校和地區的班級規模變大，或是孩童被迫到離
one of them being the ‘Troops to Teachers’ program
家較遠的學校上課。當局推出各種師資培育計畫
英國學校師資嚴重短缺，相關政府單位2014年推出「軍轉教」計畫。圖為英國 菲立普親王2月3日在諾福克（Norfolk）地區與一所小學的學童親切互動。
114
圖 歐新社
全球中央雜誌 2016.07
本文由BRITISH COUNCIL–全球最值得信賴的英語 教學機構–提供，網址：www.britishcouncil.org.tw
來填補教師缺額，其中一項計畫就是2014年推出的
Teachers’ also require good service records and pre-
「軍轉教」計畫。這項政府耗資200萬英鎊（約新
requisites, such as a minimum grade C in English
台幣9, 562萬元）的計畫，為部分退伍軍人提供二
and math GCSEs and a minimum grade C science
年師資培訓課程，也協助他們重新回到平民生活。
GCSE for prospective primary teachers. Therefore,
2
it is argued that the criteria to enter the program are
‘Troops to Teachers’ is a joint program between
of a high standard, and thus the trainees who enroll
the Department of Education and the Ministry of
are capable and committed to becoming excellent
Defence. Trainees spend four days a week in the
educationalists. However, like any scheme, there are
classroom for on-the-job training and one day of
its critics.
academic preparation at the University of Brighton,
支 持這項計畫的教育部部長勞斯 表示，服兵
who has partnered in the scheme. At the end of two
役時，軍職人員學到團隊合作、紀律、領導力和
years, trainees earn an honours degree in education,
激勵等價值觀，這些都是讓他們成為好老師的要
with a specialization in either becoming a primary
素。「軍轉教」計畫也需要好的服役紀錄和一些
school teacher or a secondary school, subject
必要條件，像是英文和數學的普通中等教育證書
specific teacher. They also earn a yearly salary
（GCSE）成績需至少為C，要成為小學老師GCSE
ranging from £12,000-£16,000 whilst training. In its
科學成績也需至少為C。因此有人認為門檻太高，
first year, the program recruited 41 trainees in 2014
不過如此一來，報名通過的受訓者較有能力且願
and 28 of them graduated in 2016. The number of
投入成為優秀教育家。然而，就如同其他計畫一
applicants and trainees have been increasing each
樣，一定有批評聲浪出現。
year; however, the numbers are still lower than expected.
4 Teacher unions disagree with the notion that
教育部和國防部聯手推出「軍轉教」計畫，受訓
ex-military personnel can transfer the skills and
者每週四天在教室接受在職訓練，一天在計畫的
traits learnt in the service to teaching children in a
合作大學布萊頓大學上學術準備課程。兩年課程
classroom. They also argue that military skills and
結束後，受訓者可獲取教育榮譽學位，擔任小學老
the skills required to teach children do not correlate
師或中學專業科目老師。培訓期間年薪為1萬2,000
with one another. Furthermore, unions claim that
英鎊到1萬6,000英鎊。2014年這項計畫展開第一年
personnel without first degrees studying only
招募到41人，2016年共28人畢業。申請者和受訓者
once a week for two years is inadequate to teach a
人數逐年增加，不過數字還是比預期低。
subject. However, they do acknowledge that some
3
ex-military could make great teachers, but they
The program is supported by Education Minister
should complete a proper teacher training degree so
David Laws, who stated that during active military
that they can succeed in the classroom, instead of a
service, personnel learn values such as teamwork,
fast tracked one that does not fully cover all aspects
discipline, leadership, and motivation, which have
needed to understand all the needs of a student.
primed them to become good teachers. ‘Troops to
教師工會不認為退伍軍人可以將服役時習得的
CNA NEWSWORLD
115
英倫聚焦
軍人轉任教師是否適任問題， 受到英國教師工會質疑。圖為 今年5月13日在愛沙尼亞舉行 的聯合軍演，參與的士兵來自 英國等國家。
技能和特質，在課堂上教授給學生，他們也認為軍
teachers it expected, the headmasters at the schools
事技能和教學技能未必有關聯。另外，工會指出沒
involved have applauded the trainees and welcome
有學士學位的軍職人員，兩年內每週只有一天上
more in the future. The government will need to
課，無法勝任教書工作。然而，他們承認有些退伍
continue to brainstorm more ways to attract and
軍人是可以當好老師沒錯，但他們應該完成適當
train teachers to meet the demand as the population
的師資培訓學位，在課堂上才能得心應手。而不是
augments yearly.
上非全面學習的速成班，卻還要求這樣就能瞭解 學生的所有需求。
個措施。雖然透過「軍轉教」計畫培養出來的合格
5
116
「軍轉教」只是因應英格蘭師資短缺的其中一 教師沒有比預期多，但參與這項計畫的學校校長
‘Troops to Teachers’ is just one response to the
對受訓者給予肯定，且歡迎未來更多人參加。在人
teacher deficiency in England. Although ‘Troops to
口逐年增加下，英國政府將需要繼續腦力激盪想
Teachers’ has not generated the number of quality
出更多方法，吸引和培訓師資以滿足需求。
全球中央雜誌 2016.07
本文由BRITISH COUNCIL–全球最值得信賴的英語 教學機構–提供，網址：www.britishcouncil.org.tw
Key Words vacancy – 缺額 an open position or job, usually in a company
prospective – 可能的 expecting to be a specified thing in the future
p e r so n n e l – 職員 people that work in an organization
union – 工會 an association formed by people with a common interest or purpose
civilian – 平民 a person not in the military or police force
notion – 看法 a belief about something
to prime – 使有所準備 prepare for use or action prerequisite – 先決條件 a thing that is required before something else can happen
雅思考試粉絲團： www.facebook.com/ielts.testcentre
correlate – 相互有關係 have an equal relationship or connection where one thing affects or depends on the other to applaud – 贊成 show approval of
雅思考試模擬試題 IELTS questions
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-E, below. 1 The union believes that 2 One cause of the teacher shortage is 3 Teachers can choose whether or not to specialize 4 After reading, one can infer that going back to life after working in the military is 5 David Laws claims the four core values developed in the military draw a parallel with A difficult for a number of servicemen and women. B those necessary to become a good teacher. C in a subject for secondary school or primary school in general. D the ‘Troops to Teachers’ program is insufficient in training teachers. E the rise in population.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. 6. The British government has been unable to recruit enough _________ for their schools. 7. Candidates must have specific _________ in order to be accepted into the program. 8. Critics argue that skills learnt in the military cannot transfer into __________. 9. Headmasters would __________ trainees from the ‘Troops to Teachers’ program in the future. 10. Teacher unions would like to see ex-military personnel follow the traditional path to teaching in order to comprehend the subject as well as __________. 6. teachers Answers: 1. D CNA NEWSWORLD
117
2. E
7. prerequisites 3. C
4. A
8. the classroom 5. B
9. welcome more
10. student needs