Cosmetic Surgery
Hallie
“I think that promoting insecurity in the form of plastic surgery is infinitely more harmful than an artistic expression related to body modification.” -Lady Gaga Introduction In recent years cosmetic surgery has become a multimillion dollar business.Cosmetic Surgery is very common in adults who are unhappy with the way they look. What is Cosmetic Surgery? Cosmetic surgery is an operation used to change a part of one’s body or face. Many people believe that the terms plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery are interchangeable. However, this is false. Plastic surgery is used to fix facial deformities such as cleft palates, severe burns, and other birth defects or traumatic injuries. Cosmetic surgery is a form of plastic surgery, though it is mainly used to boost self-esteem. There were about 10.2 million cosmetic surgery procedures performed in 2005. 90% of these procedures were performed on white females. The 5 most common surgical procedures were breast augmentation, liposuction, rhinoplasty, eyelid surgery and tummy tuck. The practice of cosmetic surgery has been around since around 600 BC when a Hindu surgeon
used a piece of cheek to reconstruct a nose. Between the years of 1400 and 1700, it was often performed in barber shops. Italian Gaspare Tagliacozzi (15461599) is known as the father of modern plastic surgery. The first breast augmentation was performed in Germany in 1893. In 1931, World War I surgeons formed the American Association of Plastic Surgery. The American Board of Plastic Surgery was founded in 1937. During WWII, facial trauma centers were created to help reconstruct the faces of those who have been through traumatic accidents. Alma Dea Morani became the first female cosmetic surgeon in 1943. What are the types of cosmetic surgery? There are many different types of cosmetic surgery including surgical and nonsurgical. The most common surgical procedures include breast augmentation, rhinoplasty, liposuction and abdominoplasty, also known as a tummy tuck. Breast augmentation is the increasing the size of
breasts. This procedure can improve the balance of one’s figure. Rhinoplasty, or nose job, is a very common cosmetic procedure. It is used to enhance the proportions of the nose and can sometimes be used to correct impaired breathing. The removal of unwanted fat is also known as liposuction. This operation slims and reshapes areas of the body. It’s often performed on thighs, hips, and the abdomen. Abdominoplasty is the removal of excess fat and skin in the abdomen. This procedure is also known as the tummy tuck. There are also some non surgical cosmetic procedures. These include Botox, collagen/fat injection, dermabrasion, and laser hair removal. Botox is the most common non surgical cosmetic procedure. This is an injection that paralyzed facial muscles and gets rid of lines from squinting or smiling. Collagen injections is when collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body, or fat from your thigh is injected into facial wrinkles. Dermabrasion is a procedure in which a rough spinning brush is used to
face a smoother appearance. What are the Effects of Cosmetic Surgery? As with most surgeries, cosmetic surgery comes with a long list of risks. Some of these include infection, blood clots, and bruising and swelling that can last from weeks to months. There are some risks that are specific to implants like poor healing of incision, implant leakage or rupture, and wrinkling of common complication of a facelift. It is a large pocket of blood that resembles a painful bruise. Nerve damage can occur during any surgery but most commonly during breast augmentation. Signs of nerve damage include numbness and tingling. Deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, is when a blood clot forms deep in veins. Pulmonary Embolism, PE, is when a DVT blood clot breaks off and travels to the lungs. While this is fairly uncommon, it can be fatal. Organ damage mostly occurs during liposuction when a surgical probe comes in contact with an internal organ. Seroma is when serum from the blood pools underneath the skin. It can be drained with a needle and is most common in tummy tucks. Eyelid surgery can have many side effects that occur such as difficulty closing eyes, swelling, dryness, and sensitivity to sunlight. The main motivation for most people to seek cosmetic surgery is make themselves look “more beautiful.” Because of this, cosmetic surgery can improve self-esteem. It can also reduce depression. Some procedures can improve body functions. For example, some breast reduction procedures can reduce or completely eliminate back and neck pain.
Cosmetic Surgery in Teens Teen years are often full of insecurities and trying to fit in. Because of this, many teenagers seek cosmetic surgery. Unlike adults, teens usually seek cosmetic surgery in order to fit in with their peers. The most common operations in teens are rhinoplasty, breast reduction/ augmentation, and fixing protruding ears. Thousands of teens consider cosmetic procedures each year. In 2013, 63,623 operations were performed on patients between the ages of 13 and 19. Under the age of 18, breast augmentation can only be used for medical purposes. As a result, the most common time for this procedure is around high school graduation. Many parents are allowing their children to receive cosmetic surgery as graduation gifts. In order for a teen to be given cosmetic surgery, specifically breast augmentation or reduction, he or she must be both physically and emotionally mature. The patient must initiate the request for the procedure rather than the parent and they must have realistic expectations. A parent also must accompany minors to his or her consultation. Gynecomastia surgery is a very common procedure in teen males. Gynecomastia is the swelling or excess breast tissue in males. This is caused by hormone imbalance. Many teens with gynecomastia feel insecure about their bodies and seek to get rid of this excess tissue in order to increase their self-esteem. Otoplasty, or ear surgery, is a common procedure in both male and female teens. This procedure improves the shape, proportions and position of ears. It is usually used to pin back ears
U.S. Statistics-2014
Total– 15.6 million procedures
Botox– million 2014 procedures U.S.6.7 Statistics
Soft Tissue 2.3 million Total– 15.6Fillers– procedures procedures
Buttock Augmentation– Chemical Peel– 1.2 million 11,505 procedures Breast Augmentation– 286,245 procedures
Nose Reshaping– 217,124 procedures
Liposuction– 210, 552 procedures
Eyelid Surgery– 206,509 procedures
Facelift– 128,266 procedure
Botox– 6.7 million procedures
Soft Tissue Fillers– 2.3 million procedures
Chemical Peel– 1.2 million procedures
Laser Hair Removal– 1.1 million procedures
Microdermabrasion– 881,905 procedures
that stick out. This operation is also very common in children.
"Gynecomastia (enlarged Breasts in Men)." - Mayo Clinic. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2016.
Cosmetic Surgery in Men Cosmetic surgery in men are becoming more popular. Between 1997 and 2012, procedures in men have increased by 106%. However, men still undergo less operations than women. Goals of these surgeries include balanced nose, thinner waistline, and younger face. As a result, the most common operations are rhinoplasty, hair transplants, and liposuction. The two most popular reasons for men to undergo cosmetic surgery are to look good and to stay in the job market. Many people believe that men just accept what they look like and don’t want to change anything. However, this is not the case. Men can be just as insecure about their appearances as women.
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