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June 2013
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Volume 14 | 3
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Emergency Services Times 14.3_– 27/06/2013 15:10 Page 1
ESTCONTENTS | 1
IN EVERY ISSUE
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Comment 3 News 4 Events 16 People 44 Profile 39, 43, 63 Kit Evolution 32 45 Company Profile Products 66
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IN THIS ISSUE
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PPE
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Training
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Dr Paresh Wankhade, Director of the Centre for Research in Emergency Services and Training (CREST) at Liverpool Hope University, discusses the implications of the recommendations made by Sir Ken Knight in his Government commissioned report on the future of the fire and rescue service. Also, the new Bromsgrove Joint Emergency Services Station highlights how public sector bodies are using the West Midlands Contractor Framework to embrace collaboration to deliver high quality construction projects.
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Efficiency Savings
This packed feature includes: an update on the Technical Refresh of the Integrated Clothing Project, which is due for completion by late 2014; the importance of hearing protection for frontline emergency workers; Tom Hainsworth, Managing Director at Hainsworth looks at the considerations driving the PPE market; plus eyewear protection innovation from BollĂŠ Safety, healthcare sector footwear from Magnum and the British Association of Women in Policing asks police forces to embrace the excellent body armour products available for female officers.
A roundup of recent training exercises, including the NARU-organised Exercise Amber 2, Exercise Georgiana in Lincolnshire and Exercise Selfridge in Gloucestershire and Wiltshire; JESIP encourages engagement from those responsible for operational training, learning or education; Dr Mark Forrest from Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service and ATACC Faculty Medical Director opens our eyes to the benefits of trauma team training; and London Ambulance Service has developed a new incident planning and response course.
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Emergency Services Times June 2013
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18 | ESTEFFICIENCY SAVINGS
Facing the future: latest fire and rescue services reforms proposal – time for a real debate? The latest study by Sir Ken Knight, a former Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser to the Government, calls for greater interoperability and working towards a unified fire and rescue service in England. But what are the implications of these latest recommendations? Words: Dr Paresh Wankhade, Director of the Centre for Research in Emergency Services and Training (CREST) at Liverpool Hope University. The Government commissioned report, Facing the Future: Findings from the review of efficiencies and operations in fire and rescue authorities in England, builds on the previous reviews undertaken during the last 10 years, notably the Bain Review (2002) and the Fire Futures report (2010). Sir Ken’s independent review provides context to the current risk assessment for the fire and rescue service in the light of massive reduction of fire incidents (by more than 40 percent) and calls for a new approach and model for the fire and rescue services in England.
• The 46 fire and rescue authorities in England, each with different governance structures, senior leaders, and organisational and operational quirks does not make for a sensible delivery model. There is a lack of local political appetite and incentive to combine • Interoperability or collaboration, and co-location with other blue-light services do happen but the progress is patchy and driven or hindered by local relationships • Greater sector leadership is needed to drive through a culture of learning from good practice and challenging services to rise to the level of the best • National level changes to enable greater collaboration with other blue-light services, including through shared governance, co-working and co-location, would unlock further savings.
Sir Ken Knight, former Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser.
Some of the key recommendations of the report include: • Deaths from fires in the home are at an all-time low – incidents have reduced by 40 percent in the last decade, but expenditure and firefighter numbers remain broadly the same. The review suggests that there is room for reconfiguration and efficiencies to better match the service to the current risk and response context • Increased efficiencies could lead to annual savings of about £200m • Some fire and rescue authorities spend almost twice as much per person per year in some areas than others, but there seems to be little relationship between expenditure and outcomes • Fire and rescue authorities have transformed themselves from organisations that dealt with fire response to organisations also covering preventative work and have succeeded in reducing incidents. They now need to transform themselves again to reflect the completely different era of risk and demand
Future operating model ‘options’ However the most radical and perhaps more controversial recommendations or ‘options’ as the report puts it, relate to the future operating model for the fire and rescue authorities in England. These include, among others: • Moving towards a more national model, through enforced mergers to reduce the number of fire and rescue authorities or potentially a full merger (in the style of Scotland) • Allowing fire and rescue authorities to procure their fire and rescue service from a mutual • Following international example and privatising the provision of fire and rescue services • Merging fire and rescue services with one or more of the other blue light services, improving interoperability • Sharing governance structures with other blue light services, such as Police and Crime Commissioners taking on the role of fire and rescue authority • Improving join up at a government level between sponsors of the blue light services and other departments that hold an interest in activity related to fire and rescue work. Opposition to the proposals None of these recommendations are new, including the opposition to these proposals from various quarters. The review has met with severe criticism from the Fire Brigades Union (FBU), the main union representing fire and rescue service
Emergency Services Times June 2013
Dr Paresh Wankhade is the Director of the Centre for Research in Emergency Services and Training (CREST) at Liverpool Hope University. He is also the Editor of the International Journal of Emergency Services, an Emerald publication. His research and publications focus on analyses of organisational culture, organisational change and interoperability within the emergency services, including strategic leadership in the public services.
personnel, which criticised these proposals as nothing more than a cover for introducing more cuts. Matt Wrack, General Secretary of the FBU, attacked the report as ‘a fig leaf for slashing our fire and rescue service to bits’ (Guardian, 2013).
“This is an opportunity too good to be missed.” The response of the Chief Fire Officers’ Association (CFOA) has been more guarded. CFOA has generally welcomed the proposals for greater efficiency and in acknowledging the contribution of the fire and rescue service. It has however raised concerns about the report’s reference to international examples of privatisation of the provision of fire and rescue and argues that the fire and rescue service remains a publicly provided service and that profit should never come before protection (CFOA, 2013). The association has also been sceptical about any move towards a single fire and rescue service, which would have to be driven by central government and would require significant investment while not necessarily guaranteeing significant savings. Media reports quoting response from the operational fire officers has been rather mixed (BBC, 2013). There has been no official response from the government to these proposals at the time of writing. Improving interoperability Another important recommendation in the report is improving interoperability between the three blue light services (fire and rescue, police and
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ambulance) currently actioned through the Joint Emergency Service Programme (JESIP) housed within the Home Office and currently chaired by the fire and rescue service. The CREST-hosted Resilience Conference in October 2012 deliberated the various issues impacting multi-agency cooperation within North West of England. There remain, however, huge challenges in effective coordination and joint working. The three main blue light services work under different government departments – the ambulance service under the Department of Health, the police comes under the Home Office and the fire and rescue service falls under the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG). Similarly the Category 1 responders (as defined in the CCA, 2004), work within different departments – The Environment Agency is part of the Department of Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), local authorities come under DCLG whereas the Coastguard Agency is an executive agency of the Department for Transport, and so on. There are also disagreements between the emergency services in sharing resources and having control of the emergency 999 call facilities. The fire and rescue service proposal to share 999 facilities with the ambulance service (Fire Futures, 2010) did not find support with the ambulance service. It does have some merit given the joint work being done by both the services in the rural areas in England and the fact that emergency medical response is provided by the FRS across many parts of Europe and in North America. Would the ‘Scottish model’ work? The report alludes to the unified ‘Scottish model’ for emergency response services. The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service was created on 1 April 2013, replacing the country’s previous eight regional services. The unified service, with its new headquarters in Perth, operates with three ‘hubs’, in the north, west and east of Scotland. There are similar debates for policing reforms in England (Winsor Reports, 2011; 2012). Police Scotland was formally established on 1 April 2013 after the merger of the eight former police forces and is now the second largest force in the UK after the Metropolitan Police. The key arguments supporting both the mergers relate to efficiency and savings by pooling resources, therefore protecting front-line staff and services. It is too early to evaluate the impact of these momentous changes in Scotland but there is no doubt that in coming days, this debate will gather further momentum in England. The coming months are likely to witness a greater polarisation of views between the critics and the sympathisers of these latest recommendations, especially, on the issue of merger and reorganisation leading to a single unified service and the involvement of the private sector in the fire and rescue service delivery. These are early days but in my view, the report provides an excellent opportunity to CFOA in playing a key role in shaping this debate and leading constructive and honest discussions with various stakeholders, notably the FBU and the Government. The lessons from the experience of the newly created Scottish Fire and Rescue Service should be objectively assessed. This is an opportunity too good to be missed. http://crest.hope.ac.uk
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32 | ESTKIT EVOLUTION
Lifejackets for lifesavers Four years in the making, the RNLI’s new lifejackets are a milestone in maritime innovation. Words: Anne Millman | Photo: RNLI/Nigel Millard A lifejacket is the one item of personal protective equipment (PPE) that RNLI crews must wear: their lives, and the lives of others, may depend on it. Our volunteers take pride in their kit and maintain it well but, even with regular maintenance and servicing, vital safety gear like this doesn’t last forever. And with the majority of stock now at its 10year limit, it’s increasingly expensive to maintain.
“The lifejackets provide a new benchmark in the field of search and rescue” Innovation has always been at the centre of the RNLI’s work so, just over five years ago, the charity started to investigate new designs. The process was lengthy, taking time to look at what we wanted the new lifejackets to do operationally and technically; making sure they’re appropriate for different lifeboats, weather and sea conditions; consulting our crews; and conducting coastal trials to ensure they perform for a range of crew – from little to large! As the purpose of lifejackets remains unchanged since the RNLI’s first design in 1854, some of the
previous requirements are still valid: they should be quick and simple to put on, enable crew members to go into the water on a split-second decision, immediately provide enough buoyancy to support them and another person, and be hard wearing. An investigation into the effectiveness of existing designs was a vital first step. Allen Stevens, RNLI Senior Engineer for Safety Equipment, approached the users first. He says, “I carried out informal interviews to ask crew, without prior briefing, what they liked, didn’t like, what they wanted and didn’t want. They unanimously complained about the weight around the neck area and found the current ones uncomfortable after long periods; they thought it would be useful to have pockets to store items such as casualty care check cards and gloves; and the inshore lifeboat (ILB) crew also wanted a grab handle on the back of the lifejacket so they could be pulled out of the water easily.” Compiling this feedback with that from RNLI trainers and other staff, Allen developed new specifications for bespoke RNLI lifejackets. He drew up two new lifejacket specifications, one for allweather and Thames lifeboat crews and the other for ILB crews. The very nature of inshore rescue means that crews are more likely to be in the water so inherent buoyancy is key to an ILB lifejacket.
Comparing these new specifications with lifejackets already available on the open market, Allen and his colleagues found nothing fit for their purpose. They duly invited five of the possible 15 manufacturers to tender to make a product that would suit. In December 2008, the challenge began. Testing, testing and more testing As well as providing a technical brief, the RNLI invited the potential suppliers to an event that vividly demonstrated the operational circumstances in which a lifejacket would be used. Allen and his colleagues rated each company against a range of commercial and technical criteria, assessing how well they would work with the charity. Finally, in August 2009 they judged the resulting prototypes in action in the wave tank at RNLI College. All testing involved crew wearing helmets, drysuits or jackets and trousers, and boots, swimming 25m in calm and rough conditions. Allen explains, “This requirement goes beyond the British Standard (BS EN ISO 12402) and is not normally part of lifejacket testing but I believe it’s essential to prove that the kit works in the most demanding conditions that our crews encounter.” This brought the initial shortlist down to two but there were still areas to improve upon. Allen needed
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to know that a fully kitted crew member could get out from under a capsized Atlantic lifeboat. After more testing, changes were incorporated into the designs – but there was still one area that no company had yet overcome. Sizing up the problem The in-water performance of all lifejackets is dependent on the wearer’s body mass, size and shape. This was particularly apparent when it came to testing the prototypes’ ability to turn over a wearer who was lying face down in the water. They proved inadequate for individuals of less than 50kg or more than 150kg, yet RNLI crew range from 43– 185kg and 1.5–2.15m. The project was halted for the RNLI’s specialists and the two suppliers to carry out further research and development. In June 2010, the resubmission from one supplier, Crewsaver, crossed this final hurdle and the RNLI declared them preferred designer and supplier. Nigel Parkes, Design Manager at Crewsaver, commented, “It has been a challenge to meet the exacting requirements of the RNLI but we worked hard to achieve this and are delighted to be selected.” Approval to CE Standard came in February 2011 and Allen’s team gave Crewsaver the go-ahead to
produce lifejackets for six months of coast trials. More than 80 volunteers at 14 lifeboat stations put the kit through its paces. Their feedback was positive but revealed the quick-burst zip around the inside of the lifejacket to be too weak. The lifejacket inflates through three of these burst points, using the same technology as car air bags. Modifications were again made and coast trials resumed for a further three months before the final design was agreed and Crewsaver was awarded the contract in July 2011. In recognition of many years of collaboration, the RNLI also made Crewsaver its Supplier of the Year. A unique achievement Allen brings us up to date, “The culmination of our project saw the first of the production lifejackets arrive at stations in Scotland in January 2012 and all stations around the service, with some 4500 crew, received them by the end of the year. “Although the lifejackets are slightly heavier than the previous design, the harness holds this weight at the waist rather than the neck – and the kit is more compact. The shaping gives freer movement for the arms and ensures that heads are kept well clear of the water and at the optimum angle. “It’s unique in providing 290 Newtons of
buoyancy when inflated, achieved using a 60g gas cylinder rather than the previous 28g. And dual side adjusters allow crew to quickly customise to a perfect fit.” Other features include a water-activated flashing light, flare pockets and a spray hood that can be easily deployed. With reinforced tubing to stand proud, the hood makes crew more visible in the water and reduces the risk of spray being inhaled. Allen concludes, “The lifejackets provide a new benchmark in the field of search and rescue, which is hugely rewarding for everyone involved. It’s wonderful to see these innovative designs in use by our extraordinary lifesaving volunteers.” Cost and funding The RNLI secured the new lifejackets at less than the cost of the charity’s previous kit and negotiated a royalty donation on every sale to a third party. Many supporters contributed to the RNLI’s regional lifejacket appeals, helping the charity to continue saving lives at sea. www.rnli.org This article first appeared in the Spring 2012 issue of Lifeboat Magazine. Used with permission.
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All-weather lifeboat lifejacket
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New design of all-weather and inshore lifeboat lifejacket
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50 | ESTTRAINING EXERCISES
SAR following ‘mid air collision’ Words and photos: Adrian Balch, an Observer at Exercise Selfridge.
A wreck of a former Army Lynx helicopter was used in the exercise.
Exercise Selfridge, which took place on 24 April, was a multi-agency search and rescue (SAR) exercise initiated by Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service on behalf of Gloucestershire Local Resilience Forum. Being located close to the Wiltshire border, at the Cotswold Water Park in South Cerney, the exercise involved the emergency services from both Gloucestershire and Wiltshire: Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service, Gloucestershire Police and South West Ambulance Service NHS Trust were joined by Wiltshire Police, Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service and several volunteer rescue services, as well as RAYNET and the RAF, who deployed a Sea King helicopter from RAF Chivenor in Devon. Real and ‘mock’ press were also invited to attend to report on the exercise.
Mid-air collision The scenario involved a mid-air collision between a helicopter and aircraft over the Cotswold Water Park. A wreck of a former Army Lynx helicopter was used in the exercise, from which casualties needed to be extracted. The ‘aircraft’ was presumed to have broken up on hitting the water. ‘Survivors’, ‘bodies’ and ‘body parts’ were distributed around the area, which the emergency services had to locate and recover. Coordination, communications and planning were key elements in this exercise. The RAF Sea King helicopter located and winched up three survivors from the lake, but chose not to recover a fourth from a small island, as its downwash would have disturbed a swan’s nest, resulting in that rescue being done by boat! www.gloucestershireprepared.co.uk
Search and rescue techniques were implemented using boats and hovercraft manned by Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service and volunteer services.
Emergency Services Times June 2013
The RAF Sea King helicopter located and winched up three survivors from the lake.
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ATACC – an integrated approach to trauma care It is dark and raining as your six-person, multi-agency team, respond to a serious RTC entrapment, following a police firearms incident in a local scrap yard. The firearms team declare it safe to enter the scene to manage the seriously injured casualties. The gunman is pinned against heavy railings by a car and is screaming in pain and bleeding out rapidly from two large thigh wounds, over his broken legs. The driver is conscious, with a gunshot wound to the neck, which is bleeding very heavily from a major artery, and his passenger has a gunshot wound to the chest and is barely breathing. The team rapidly takes in the scene and under the direction of the Lead Medic, begin to manage each casualty simultaneously. All three could die on scene, but with the skills of the firefighter, police firearms officer, paramedic and doctors working together they could save them all. Words: Dr Mark Forrest, Medical Director, Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service & ATACC Faculty Medical Director. This sounds like the latest Bruce Willis Blockbuster or your worst nightmare, but this is actually a typical advanced trauma simulation for candidates on the ATACC (anaesthesia, trauma and critical care) course, which after 15 years still remains the most up to date and advanced trauma course available in the UK. A recent Royal College of Surgeons assessor admitted that he was unsure about the benefits of combining firefighters, police officers, para-medical and medical staff together in teams on the course. What would an orthopaedic surgeon get from a tactical scenario or what can a firefighter bring to a complex hospital resuscitation room trauma scenario? However, once he saw how the team develops and builds through human factors, knowledge, technical skills and command and how they become a far more effective ‘trauma team’, he commended the Faculty on this unique approach.
scenario complexity rises until ultimately major poly trauma seems far less daunting when approached in a systematic fashion. Specialist modules The Rescue Trauma & Critical Care (RTACC) is the BTACC course with Specialist modules, eg Haemostatics, traction splints, Entonox, RSI assist, crush and suspension trauma etc. While the ATACC course is entirely trauma based, both BTACC and RTACC include resuscitation and medical emergency modules. firefighters. That same year Cheshire won the UKRO Trauma Challenge and opened a new standard of Fire & Rescue Trauma Care as defined in the CFOA Immediate Emergency Care (IEC) standard. Police standard BTACC also meets the Police NOIA D13/D13E standard for Tactical Firearms and has been adopted by Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside and soon potentially all police firearms teams in the north west. There is no unnecessary anatomy and physiology but a highly effective course, which teaches that the simple things, done well, saves lives!
Considerable benefits Benefits are considerable for everyone. Candidates develop excellent team skills, they can adopt in the operating theatre or pre-hospital environment. They also share knowledge, and their combined years of experience, and by the end of the course they make formidable teams. ATACC is a highly demanding course for those with considerable trauma experience but numerous emergency services and other agencies are now adopting the less advanced but highly focused elements of the three level ATACC Integrated Trauma Course (ITC). Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service was the first to adopt the BTACC (Basic Trauma and Casualty Care course) as a more appropriate and advanced alternative to First Aid at Work for all operational
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“As a team develops and builds through human factors, knowledge, technical skills and command they become a far more effective ‘trauma team’.” Short powerful lectures are alternated with skill stations and simulated scenarios in realistic environments. Casualty simulation with live actors is kept simple yet graphic to maximise the effect and enhance the learning experience. As each element of the course is introduced the next
By the end of a BTACC course, candidates will be able to manage all major traumatic injuries such as a fall from height with head, chest, pelvic and spinal injuries and potential internal bleeding. The course gives them the confidence to approach, assess, manage and then package such patients rapidly, safely and effectively, ready to hand over to paramedics. www.cheshirefire.gov.uk
About ATACC
ATACC is a non-profit commercial course, while BTACC and RTACC are delivered by the company Promedsol, or emergency service instructors, who have completed Promedsol instructor training. Interested parties can contact Mark at ATACC atacc.doc@btinternet.com or through Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service: mark.forrest@cheshirefire.gov.uk
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66 | ESTPRODUCTS
The latest must-have kit 1
Emergency II – Breitling www.breitling.com/en/emergency
The Emergency II from Breitling is the first wristwatch with a built-in personal locator beacon (PLB). The watch features numerous microelectronic and microtechnical innovations, including a revolutionary rechargeable battery, a miniaturised dual frequency transmitter and an unprecedented integrated antenna system – three features specifically developed for this model. As the first ever wristworn dual frequency PLB, it establishes itself as a safety and survival instrument in all distress situations on land, at sea and in the air. It comes with a choice of three dials – black, yellow or orange – and fitted with a titanium bracelet or rubber strap. The Emergency II watch will set you back about £12,000, so start saving.
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Sled series – Firefish Marine www.firefishmarine.co.uk
Firefish Marine, a company that specialises in water rescue products, is preparing to launch its sled series, which includes the Aquabolt, Phoenix, Wing and Flight. The products have all been developed for use in open water as well as river rescue situations and are set up for immediate use. They can be carried on a boat and released into the water with zero set-up time prior to operation. The sleds can be produced to a wide range of specifications and have been developed and tested by various rescue personnel in industry recognised rescue procedures. Their versatility and manoeuvrability allow for a number of situations and enable the user to reach targets more easily, quickly and safely.
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Communication booklet – British Red Cross www.redcross.org.uk
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A manual, which uses images and symbols to help first aiders communicate with casualties, has been produced by the British Red Cross and designed by Widgit Software. The communication book is a visual aid to help trained volunteers responding to emergencies to communicate with people with learning disabilities, language barriers and those who have problems hearing or speaking. The British Red Cross communication book, which will be standard-issue in the organisation’s ambulances, mirrors the process most responders work through from first contact and diagnosis to initial treatment. It will help the professionals to gather information about symptoms and pain levels, which will help with diagnosis and could save lives.
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TrueCPR™ coaching device – Physio-Control www.physio-control.com
Physio-Control has launched the TrueCPR™ coaching device, which is designed to improve manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance. TrueCPR is a simple-to-use tool that accurately measures manual chest compressions to optimise manual CPR by providing high-quality feedback, in both real-time and following a resuscitation event. It utilises Physio-Control’s new triaxial field induction (TFI) technology, which has been shown to provide accurate CPR depth measurement and help guide rescuers to perform compressions of at least 5cm depth. TrueCPR is portable and requires no connection to a monitor/defibrillator, making it compatible with a variety of manufacturers’ devices. It utilises off-the-shelf batteries and requires no accessories, making it economical for repeated patient use.
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The Eco-Dam – J & J Carter & Aquobex www.aquobex.com
Aquobex, a leader in the design and provision of flood management solutions, has been appointed as the global distributor for J & J Carter’s Eco-Dam. A temporary, removable, re-usable and recyclable product, the Eco-Dam can be used to protect a group of properties from impending flood risk. The product is manufactured from high tensile PVC coated polyester and incorporates a specially patented design, which prevents rolling. The Eco-Dam is not only suitable for water authorities and councils to store in readiness to deploy in the case of impending floods, but also for civil engineering contractors to use as cofferdams in the re-construction and maintenance of water ways and rivers. The product is easy to use and can be deployed rapidly. When not in use it can be deflated and rolled up for ease of storage and removal and, should damage occur, it can be easily repaired in the field. Emergency Services Times June 2013
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