Neuro Vitality Center (WIC Book)

NEURO-VITALITY CENTER

Bryan Daily + Daniel Fox / Professor Jack Hawk / IDC 2014

Warehouse District Cleveland, Ohio

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I.

Data / Analysis / Intent

II.

Pro et Contra of Chosen Site

III.

Systems Design Narrative

IV.

Turning Corners (Precedents)

V.

Mid Jury Critiques

IV.

Response to Mid Jury Critiques

I. Data / Analysis / Intent

Project Overview & Introduction One of the main goals of this project is to provide the citizens of the Warehouse District and Central Cleveland with an integrated medical facility which pushes the idea of prevention preceding prescription. To attain this the medical center needs to be able to impress this goal upon the clients/patients with an educational forum and provide facilities for the people to practice what is taught to them and facilities to ensure the health of the people. This medical center will utilize both the alternative and scientific medical fields to provide a fully integrated medical experience.

Furthermore, the project must meet the needs of the Warehouse District community and mesh into the communal fabric that has been reconstructed over the past three decades. With a Cleveland 2020 Plan, Historic Warehouse District Master Plan, and Historic Warehouse District Public Realm Plan there is no shortage of resources and ideas to pull inspiration from to help reinforce the projects sense of place and the user experience.

Project Understanding Assets: The project at hand is seated in the Warehouse District an area that is seeing a great amount of retail growth and a steady residential occupancy with 140 housing units and 290 units slated to be constructed. This trend along with the Warehouse Districts handful of vacant lots and buildings contributes a foundation for a strong urban community.

The site rests at the corner of Saint Clair Avenue & West 9th Street a block that could be seeing an influx of traffic along the West 9th Street side with the progression of the Flats East Bank project well underway and into Phase II of its conception. If successful, and there is no reason to not believe it will not be as Phase I was 90%+ occupied within months of its completion, Phase II looks to bring additional residents to the area with 243 units and 15 ground floor retail areas. Flats East Bank will only be adding to the traffic of the area and with the Warehouse District being the Banks’ neighbor the two areas will very likely feed off one another’s success and West 9th Street and Saint Clair Avenue will likely become the area’s main corridors. (http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2014/01/foundation_work_on_243-unit_fl.html) The block of Site A possesses a handful of small niches and alleyways that have the potential of becoming charming public areas. These areas include Johnson Court, an alleyway that runs perpendicular to Johnson Court and along the boundary of Site A, and two overgrown courtyards that are nestled within the block (a smaller one off the bounding alleyway of Site A and the larger being fully surrounded by buildings and located behind Cleveland Chop on Saint Clair Avenue). These areas within the vicinity of our site have immense possibilities for urban renewal.

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An advantage specific to Site A is the neighboring Anatomy Nightclub and Tomo Sushi Restaurant being bare of windows on their “southern” side. This is particularly useful as there will be no worry of blocking any views for them. The same cannot be said for the “east” side of SIte A. Another advantage to Site A is the opportunity to be a catalyst in the development of the Warehouse District’s Public Realm Plan, namely Johnson Court and the pocket parks.

Needs: Visiting the area during the colder months only allows for the observation of the interactions of people in a cold environment where being inside is preferable. Nonetheless, wandering the area during the investigative process yielded some observational conclusions. The area has ample nightlife and a swath of food choices and some of these businesses were making an attempt to bring the public outside for an interactive vivacious atmosphere with outdoor seating, presumably for the warmer months. Cleveland Chop has access to the large abandoned courtyard behind its restaurant and has begun to use this in an advantageous way with an extension of its indoor seating with an outdoor wooden deck.

An employee of Cleveland Chop stated the courtyard, which as of now is underutilized bordering abandoned, would be receiving a much needed facelift with the purchase of the building on the opposing side of Cleveland Chop which will be converted into more apartments. More restaurants need to move toward this indoor/outdoor style of seating to create an interplay of the surrounding spaces and people.

Living in an urban environment, as the citizens of the Warehouse District and surrounding area do, can create a yearning for an introduction of nature. Settler’s Landing Park is a short walk from the site but the park is barren with very little life other than the patches of grass that cover the ground in the spaces between paths and leaves much to be desired. With a view of Brown’s stadium and Lake Erie and populated with trees Fort Huntington Park would be the nearest adequate choice to visit to quench one’s thirst of nature. But Fort Huntington Park is just outside the Warehouse District and something within the district’s boundaries would be preferable. The two courtyards within the Site A block would be perfect installation spots for pocket parks where residents and employees of surrounding businesses alike could visit for a break from their daily routine or job.

With the construction of Site A an alleyway running perpendicular to Johnson Court will be created. Johnson Court as of now is a seemingly ordinary bland avenue bifurcating the larger block and has the potential to become a lively pedestrian road much like what has already been done on East 4th Street or

Golden Gai in Japan. As Johnson Court reveals itself as a carte blanche the Public Realm Plan alludes to establishing it as another pedestrian walkway with business running along it. The alleyway along the eastern side of Site A could serve as a needed funnel toward Johnson Court as well as drawing people past and revealing the pocket park amidst the alleyway.

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Site Analysis (Urban Context) The Bradley Building (bradleybldg.com)

Structure + Materials “The extreme width of the window bays in relation to the slender brick piers is to achieve lightness of structure and increased spaces.”

“The structure represents an intermediate stage of development of the 19th century commercial buildings. The combination of masonry bearing walls, metal posts, and wooden mill construction epitomizes the transitional nature of American architecture in the 1880’s.”

Previous Uses Companies and real estate firms from 1886 and onward Garment industry / printing and typography center up until 1960 Preservation Community fought for historic architecture to be restored 1979-1983 First adaptive re-use (loft spaces) between New York’s SoHo district and Chicago’s Printers Row.

The Hoyt Block (www.downtowncleveland.com/profile/AvailableOfficeRetail/Hoyt-Block-Building)

Structure + Materials “A four-story Historic Restoration property featuring original sandstone masonry curtain wall and windows, and four-story atrium. Building contains approximately 56,000 sq. ft. of rentable area. Recognized for its unique architecture, the building has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places.”

Amenities “Building features several amenities including first-floor restaurant (Blue Point Grille); on-site management; rich interior detailing including high ceilings, oversized windows and doors, and oak columns with ornate plaster capitals.”

Analysis Atrium looks out into central courtyard, which provides a sense of security.

Elements of Precedence Offer public access to public interior space from courtyard.

Elevated walkways from parking structures (by sites B + C)

Worthington Square (www.downtownapartments.com/worthington_square_apartments/index.html) Amenities Apartment Building Ground floor retail

Previous Uses for Gilcrest Building (1873) Glass company / spice company / several clothing companies

Previous Uses for The George Worthington Building (1880) Housed the oldest wholesale hardware company, The George Worthington Company.

Current Uses Both buildings were combined into 52 lofted apartments in 1996

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Site Analysis (Natural Context)

Site Analysis (Circulation)

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Site Analysis (Zoning and Design Recommendations)

Public Realm Plan (http://www.warehousedistrict.org/media/documents/Public%20Realm%20Planning%20Document%20sep07-final-new%20logo.pdf) The Warehouse District brought together a committee that consisted of residents, planners, city officials, and business associates to conceptualize a public realm plan to implement within the district boundaries.

This group of individuals targeted multiple aspects that all make the Warehouse District what it is and what they hope for it to become. We utilized pieces of their public realm plan that we thought should apply to the district as well as adding our own ideas.

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Climate Analysis (Microclimatic/Site Analysis)

City

Sunny

Partly Sunny

Total Days With Sun

Cleveland

66

97

163

12 in 10 in 8 in 6 in 4 in 2.72

2.43

2.93

3.49

3.66

3.43

3.46

3.51

3.81 3.07

3.62

3.10

2 in

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

100°F

N 80°F

79

83

81 74

70 64

60°F

40°F 34 22

30 24

62 56 51 45

40

38

63

50

47

20°F

60

59

37

38

9.5% calm

26

0°F

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Climate & Passive Strategies (Projected Path Forward)

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Program (Program Relationships)

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Program (Understanding the Primary Program) Nutrition & Brain Function: http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/ar/archive/aug07/aging0807.htm

Loss of mental agility due to cells “failing” to communicate not necessarily death of cells Antioxidants

fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains

Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC): measure of antioxidants

a basis to choose food

Rodent Study

proved neurogenesis happens (in old age but slower)

intake of high antioxidant diets proved beneficial in stamina and neuromotor function, reversed age related neuronal and cognitive function

higher level of dopamine from antioxidant intake

blueberry extract reduced inflammatory compounds in brain that contributes to neuronal and behavioral shortfall

Alzheimer’s (in mice)

brain plaque build up because of amyloid breakdown to amyloid beta (this is found in neuritic plaque that coats brain)

mice fed blueberry extract performed like healthy peers but brain plaque buildup congruent with Alzheimer cohorts

increased activity in enzyme (kinases) in amyloid plaque mice fed blueberry extract. specifically, ECK and PKC, both important in

mediating cognitive function (eg. converting short term memory to long term memory) Neuroplasticity & Depression (Neuropsychiatry) http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/heal-your-brain/201107/neuroplasticity-and-depression

depression and anxiety (including other mental disorders) can cause “negative plasticity”

treatment can slow or reverse it

studies of neuroplasticity have spread through psychiatry field and have begun to impact treatment of depression, schizophrenia, substance

abuse and other major conditions treated by psychiatrists

began doing studies to increase function of specific areas of brain (anterior cingulate [decision making], prefrontal cortex [planning],

or decrease functions such as amygdala [fear])

patient: experienced many losses and traumas and dealt with depression and severe anxiety for years and developed stress induced colitis and

severe asthma

began yoga 2-3 hr/day, led to clarity and well being, may have resulted in reduced asthmatic and GI symptoms

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II. Pro et Contra of Chosen Site

For: Solar gain opportunity Courtyard access Connection with nightlife and residential Potential connection to Johnson Court No windows to block on southern facade of Anatomy and Tomo Sushi Located at an intersection (lots of exposure to public while being stopped at light; lots of “energy�)

Against: most compact site limited direct vehicular access parking

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III. Systems Design Narrative

Project Context Client: Neuroplasticity (Name to be decided) Client Values: User type, their values / needs: Massing Feasibility Studies Primary passive systems include natural ventilation and solar orientation; horizontally and vertically.

The baseline building energy use intensity (EUI) for a medical office building is around 275 kBTU/ft2 while a simple office building has a baseline EUI of roughly 200 kBTU/ft2 System Analysis Structure: Sitecast Concrete Steel Sitecast concrete will support the overall structure of the building. To help prevent the floor depth we will be utilizing post tensioned beams and girders throughout the structure.

Higher tension due to the load of the natural pool on the second floor will yield the need for steel construction in addition to the determined sitecast concrete.

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Design for the structure of the building went through different variations; all of which related to steel construction. Originally it was assumed that the ordinary steel beam and column would be used for the structure, but with cantilevered floor plates it was soon realised that we required a more dynamic structural system. A new idea was to use steel trusses instead of the usual beam. This quickly evolved into an idea of utilizing a floor to floor truss system. Another consideration was embracing the rigid structure of the concrete core as a supporting element for another bridge inspired design move; using steel tension cables to hold the floor plates that gradually cantilever out nearly thirty feet. One final possibility was to design an exoskeleton structure, inspired by China’s CCTV headquarters, that would eliminate the need for most of the columns within the building.

The final decision was to design the structure using steel trusses that would span floor to floor. It was determined through structural consultation that these floor to floor trusses were able to skip every other floor and potentially staggered vertically to free up some additional space. In response to the large cantilevers present on the top two floors, box trusses were also a consideration as additional support and provide a unique office space; harnessing individual offices within the box truss system. Steel tension cables were yet another consideration to bear more of the load due to the cantilevers. Certain areas of the building, interior and exterior, expose these structural elements for aesthetic purposes and to showcase the dramatic feat of the construction.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mechanical: Hydronic Heating/Cooling Ground Source Heat Pump Natural Ventilation Buoyancy/Stack Effect Bernoulli’s Principle Venturi Effect Dedicated Outside Air System Plumbing: Grey/Black Water Recycling by dewater ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cleveland’s combined sewer system incurs more mass than it can handle at times and this leads to spill over and untreated runoff into the local ecosystems. By recycling the grey and black water the building consumes the building will significantly reduce its discharge to the local sewer system.

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Lighting/Daylighting: Building Form Occupancy and photo sensing lights ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The building has been formed to limit the amount of solar gain in the corporate office space during the hotter months. The lower floors have adhered to a similar approach, but will allow more lighting into the public areas.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical: 480Y/277V, Three Phase, Four Wire Meter Transformer Switchgear Bus/Feeder Transformer/Branch Panel Branching Circuits Feeding Floor Secondary Power Source (Replaces generator) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electricity is a necessity in today’s world, but it is important for us to limit our use of the grid as much as possible with passive and active strategies.

Our initial response to the reduction of energy use was the orientation and form of the building. Eventually we were able to design a building that would naturally prevent the interior from overheating during the warm months of the year;angling the upper portion of the building, rejecting the direct sun light in the process. A double skin also dismisses unwanted heating using the stack effect.

Beyond these passive systems, we also utilize two different kinds of photovoltaic cells that converts the Sun’s energy into usable energy. The roof includes a rain catchment system that is composed of solar panels; acting as a dual purpose. Another type of PV cell being used is one within a glazed system. This new type of PV glazing is strategically placed along the angled facade that has a 65 degree angle towards the south western horizon.

Reducing usage and regaining energy was a primary interest throughout the design process. A major move in the reduction of energy use was through the overall form of the building, which prevents some unwanted heat gain in the load dominated tenant floors above while also offering more daylight in the lower parts of the building. This strategy removes additional need for lighting and cooling. Our form also allows for heat gain during the colder months as the sun remains closer to the horizon during the winter season.

Ideally, regaining energy within the building is the process of diverting energy that would otherwise be wasted and utilized elsewhere. An example of this would be to redirect the waste heat from a mechanical unit to an area that requires additional heat. Doing this further reduces the need to consume more energy to obtain the appropriate temperature and total comfort level.

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Envelope:

Shaders and operable louvers/windows

Double skin

Second skin will help to shade the building when needed and provide natural ventilation when the climatic conditions allow it.

System Relationships and Coordination

Physical Integration:

Hydronic Heating/Cooling & VAV Single Duct > Natural Ventilation > DOAS

Hydronics will be utilized to create the thermal environment of the interior spaces. Working in tandem with the hydronic system will be natural ventilation that will be utilizing the stack effect and Bernoulli’s principle to convect air through the spaces.

Daylighting > Photo Sensing Lights Onsite Grey/Black Water Recycling > Toilets and local irrigation

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IV. Turning Corners (Precedents)

The Shard

Tetra Pack Headquarters In this project the architect has left the corner condition to the viewers interpretation by not incorporating the corners. (left)

The long SouthEast facing facade wraps over top of the building and acts as a shading device for the curtain wall that faces towards the West. Extending the facade horizontally offers the same characteristic, but blocks some of the daylight from the south. (right)

Biotechnology Research Institute This building turns the corner by keeping a continuity to the fenestration. (left)

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Massachusetts College of Art and Design

The facade utilizes operable windows that vary in size as it wraps around the building.

An increase in fenestration before the turn of the corner takes place and creates a continuity between facades.

Jia Little Exhibition Center

The timber curtain wall is composed of shading louvers that wrap around the facade.

Each louver is angled for the appropriate orientation.

Hatert Housing Free formed balconies were designed at the corners of the building; creating a sculptural form.

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V. Mid Jury Critiques

Mechanical: *Hydronics: - use chilled beams but not in pool area - pool will need dehumidification, so separate system *Basement: to place chiller in basement, extend room under alleyway, drop chiller in, build overtop. if need replaced ground is torn up.

- chiller - water reclamation & recycling - electrical *Penthouse: - boiler - exchanger?

Emergency Power: - can draw from 2 power stations, then no need for generator Know your site Rethink entry Form too brutal - make more external moves to detail building - extreme angle could be reduced - exterior double atria too large More site activation is needed Like the accidental break in the facade. Keep the negative space wrap around.

Incorporate exterior elements that allude or are indicative of program Think about response to context with materiality and color. First two floors belong to the community and should respect the history and what is there now. So, perhaps, brick.

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VI. Response to Mid Jury Critiques

Reduce angle of facade Break up double skin, no need to be so big

Vasari, Simulation CFD, etc.

Cut back entry, the push out is a deterrent Add plant life, seating, visual interest to exterior to engage public

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