Week 12
Digital Fabrication
BURAK ÇELİK
ADA412 Contemporary Problems in Urban Sustainability Bilkent University Department of Architecture 22.04.2018
What is Digital Fabrication? Machines controlled by computers in order to produce a construction material/ component or object.
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Types:
CNC Milling
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Laser Cutting
Robotics
3D Printing
Current research on the integration of digital technologies within construction processes promises substantial contributions to sustainability and productivity, while at the same time enabling completely new forms of architectural expression.
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The multidisciplinary nature of integrating digital processes remains a key challenge to establishing a digital building culture. In order to fully exploit the potential of digital fabrication, an institutional and funding environment that enables strong interdisciplinary research is required.
ICD/ITKE University of Stuttgart Research Pavillion
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The New Mathematics of Making Digital computation has freed designers from the constraints of the static 2- and 3- dimensional representational techniques of drawing and physical modelling. Design attributes can be directly linked to extraneous factors: structural or environmental optimization, or fabrication and material constraints. Mathematical design models contain sufficient information even for computer numerical controlled (CNC) fabrication machines and techniques.
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Building Materials for 3D Printing Viable solutions for 3D printing in architecture involve a material supply from sustainable resources, culled from waste streams or consideration of the efficiency of a building product's digital materiality. The methods of such architectural additive manufacturing must emerge from interdisciplinary research.
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Sustainability of 3D Printing
On the whole, enterprises have been enthusiastic about the environmental benefits of 3D printing, which essentially allows goods to be produced and sold close to their point of consumption. The thing that stops additive manufacturing from being truly sustainable is the material used to create the 3D printed products. Rather than using resins and other materials that contain potentially harmful chemicals, we need to invest in eco-friendly alternatives.
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The problem is that many of the products created within the home using 3D printing technology will be made from plastic. And whilst recyclable, plastic is still detrimental to the environment.
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Advantages of 3D Printing 1.Speed
2.Single Step manufacturing 3.Cost 4.Complexity and Design Freedom 5.Customization 6.Ease of Access
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Case Study 1 LMN Architects – Facade Design LMN worked very closely with the precast concrete fabricators in developing the CNC machine built formliners from which the façade panels are cast. Their in-house digital fabrication tools, including a high resolution 3D printer and laser cutter, served as the basis for all in-house testing. The use of rapid prototyping technology in the office has allowed us to study new concepts both digitally and physically, and has enabled us to quickly evaluate design iterations for constructability, performance in natural lighting conditions.
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Case Study 2 WASP - 3D Printed Affordable Houses Last year Italian company World’s Advanced Saving Project (WASP) debuted BigDelta, a 40-foot-tall 3D-printer that prints affordable, sustainable homes. Now they’re organizing workshops and inviting local makers to participate as they work towards printing their first Earth home in an Italian “technological village” called Shamballa. Constructed from a locally-sourced mix of dirt and straw, these ecological homes are notably “light and strong.”
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Case Study 3 Robotel TĂźrkiye Robotel TĂźrkiye is a civic involvement Project produces prosthetic hands with 3D Printers for people with disabilities. One Project costs 1% of a Professional prosthetic hand and it is lighter and more functional.
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Be Volunteer!
There are many tasks available for you to participate
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References: https://phys.org/news/2017-02-digital-fabrication-architecture.html https://www.3dhubs.com/knowledge-base/advantages-3d-printing https://lmnarchitects.com/case-study/facade-design-digital-fabrication