Y MAGAZINE
FEATURES, INTERVIEWS AND IDEAS FROM BUROHAPPOLD ENGINEERING ISSUE FOUR
Y MAGAZINE: #THINKAGAIN The magazine of BuroHappold Engineering
FOREWORD
W H Y E N G I N E E R I N G H A S A LWAY S B E E N AT T H E H E A R T O F C I V I L I S AT I O N Those working in the built environment today are making decisions that will affect many generations to come. This responsibility is no trivial matter and one that we at BuroHappold Engineering take incredibly seriously. As we explore the world around us and the challenges we directly face as a global practice, the story around inspiring, educating, attracting and responding to future generations begins to unfold. In this edition of Y we begin by discussing with Gehl Architects how cities have changed in the last twenty years and where they are heading now. Our chairman Mike Cook chats with world renowned product designer Dick Powell on just what makes a good designer and engineer and how education plays its part in shaping these people. We speak with Majora Carter,
an urban regeneration aficionado from New York, about her work in the Bronx and greening the ghetto. And we delve into the shifting sands of higher education and take a look at the current landscape that our urban youth are navigating. You may be thinking to yourself what role does an engineer play in all this? And the answer is simple: a vital one. We are committed to making a better world through engineering and working with some of the best minds today to solve some of the toughest challenges we face as a human race. Our passion, hunger and energy to do this is infectious, just talk to us and you’ll understand why‌ BuroHappold Engineering
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LIFE > SPACE > BUILDING 6 GENERATION JOBLESS? 10 THE BIG PICTURE: INSTITUTE OF DIPLOMATIC STUDIES, RIYADH, KSA 14 MARKET FOCUS POLAND 16 SERIAL URBAN INNOVATOR 18 A DESIRE TO DESIGN 24
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UNIVERSITY EXPANSION – IS IT A ZERO SUM GAME? 28 THE BIG PICTURE: THE POLISH NATIONAL RADIO SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA CONCERT HALL, KATOWICE, POLAND 32 LONDON: IT’S TOUGH AT THE TOP 34 THE LORAX 38 CONTACTS 42
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Perversely we know more about the habitat of mountain gorillas and snow leopards than that of our own species. Understanding our cities and how people interact with them is, in many respects, still in its infancy although some pioneers such as Gehl Architects have been studying this interaction for years. Founder Jan Gehl and CEO Helle Søholt debate some of the big challenges around our cities today with our CEO, Roger Nickells.
How do we educate citizens about the effect of urban
Roger Nickells: Taking the citizens along for the journey is
design upon their day to day lives and how do we involve
absolutely vital. The citizen concept is interesting. Who is the
them in future design?
citizen? I lived in London for a while and my daughter lives
Jan Gehl: Education is extremely important. There is not a single problem that has not been solved by a city somewhere, and others can learn from what they did there. If you inform people properly they make valuable and meaningful decisions.
there now but I wouldn’t consider myself a citizen – more a user of London. I get a sense in developing cities people don’t necessarily want to be in those environments they have to be. Citizens are changing.
Information and education is everything. Best practice is
HS: Coming from Scandinavia, a welfare society with a social
wonderful.
democratic background we have a special understanding of
Helle Søholt: In every city we engage a variety of stakeholders from local university students, design companies, and councils. Something we are doing more and more is pilot projects: temporary projects that allow citizens to vote with their feet; building solutions that can be discovered and tested for a period of time before they are scaled up and made permanent. We have done this in New York, Argentina and Mexico City. JG: Temporarily closing Times Square in New York was a pilot project. The mayor had said don’t worry it’s temporary but it was so popular that it was impossible to remove it. Half a year later the mayor said it was one of the most successful projects in the city’s planning history.
citizenship that I carry with me around the world. Citizenship is an understanding that you know you have to contribute to something shared in order to gain as an individual. So how you design communities and districts that can support networking and connection between people is key to allow people to feel that they can contribute beyond their individual community to the greater whole. JG: As cities get bigger, smaller communities are developed and formed. You mention London and London consists of dual citizenship; I am a citizen of Chelsea and London and the same happens in Copenhagen. So as cities get bigger the local neighbourhood has to be a really nice place to live and work so you don’t have to commute to a centre. A neighbourhood that is not too big and that you can relate to will become more and more important.
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“Taking the citizens along for the journey is absolutely vital. The citizen concept is interesting. Who is the citizen?” – Roger Nickells
RN: We’ve been doing a piece of work on this in Riyadh and
RN: Amsterdam has an archive that citizens can go to and
throughout the consultation people have said they need
they can see any decisions that have been made in relation to
somewhere in their smaller communities to meet, discuss and
governance to the city. In London that’s not the case, you can’t
debate things. So people see themselves as citizens of small
see decisions until 30 years later, but city mayors are changing
clusters. As all cities evolve, creating the environments, cultures,
this and making it all much more transparent. These emerging
desires and passions for people to come together and feel
leadership models for cities are driving transparency.
ownership is so important.
HS: I’m all for bottom up solutions but combined with visionary
JG: A good city is an amalgamation of really nice villages.
leadership.
RN: Yes but each with its own identity and meaning.
JG: The fastest changes have been seen in Moscow where they have a very strong mayor who can make decisions. The most
How has city leadership changed in the last 20 years and
disappointing has been our work in London where we have
what influence do new breed mayors have on how the
now discussed for ten years what to do and nothing much has
city evolves?
happened.
JG: I think the most prominent thing to have happened is the
RN: Yes it’s interesting, you have a strong personality like Boris
creation of the C40; the organisation of mayors from the most
Johnson and yet he has no power. He pulls the levers but they
influential cities in the world. Michael Bloomberg, New York’s
are not connected to anything.
mayor said to them all that we have to get our acts together; cities must act on climate change. So the mayors of New York, Melbourne, Sydney and London have all realised we must
JG: Yes in New York they have the executive power to make change.
change and they are acting in various ways to do this and they
RN: We are seeing a change in the UK, Sir Howard Bernstein,
are inspiring each other.
Chief Executive of Manchester City Council in Manchester is starting to drive and own things by engaging the private sector.
LIFE > SPACE > BUILDING
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JG: On all three of the most liveable cities rankings that are
HS: A lot of politicians with their political agendas don’t realise
launched every year there are no cities from the UK. Why?
how the physical environment of the city can help them
I think it’s because liveability is not linked to strong traffic
achieve those agendas. Whether it be health or education,
planning.
welfare for the elderly or safety, we can impact these through
RN: There is a need to link traffic networks as they are
design and planning.
everything. In London they are looking at a single traffic
RN: Absolutely. People at the middle of the conversation.
network.
Mayors should respond to people, that is leadership.
JG: I look forward to the British system of having to apply to cross the street disappearing. Technology can work this out for us, it shows a total lack of respect for people. RN: We are slowly introducing the countdown crossings!
How has the role of the city citizen changed in the last 20 years and what do the next 20 years look like? JG: We have all these predictions about dramatic growth in cities in the next 20 years particularly in the developing world.
HS: Let me bring us back to the question. Evidence based
There are few areas in Europe where we talk about shrinking
design is very linked to leadership. We have seen in
cities those are related to fast growing cities which is a real
Copenhagen and other cities that if you can show through
challenge. What we do know is that there will be many more
pilots and evidence that design solutions work, the whole
people with grey hair moving about so we have to be even
political discussion turns around.
more concerned about cities for people so that the elderly can
RN: Yes that is very true, we have the tools and technology now to do this. We can have comfortable conversations with city leaders to challenge them and as engineers we love evidence!
move, go on with their lives and when they can’t drive they can still get about. So we know there is a challenge in changing demographics and that is a fast growing challenge.
“What we do know is that there will be many more people with grey hair moving about so we have to be even more concerned about cities for people.” – Jan Gehl
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“Evidence based design is very linked to leadership. We have seen in Copenhagen and other cities that if you can show through pilots and evidence that design solutions work, the whole political discussion turns around.” – Helle Søholt
RN: Demographics first, the grey tsunami. I don’t sense a lot of
JG: But they get their livelihood in the city and we hope the
conversation to plan for this on a global basis.
price of petrol will solve some of the problem. We have to be
JG: In New York they have started pinpointing where the elderly are concentrated so they can make it better. But otherwise it’s not talked about much.
smart in our cities. In Singapore, an island, they can’t build any more roads. Already the roads are full of cars and they are planning to expand the citizens to 5-8 million in 20 years. Of course they cannot move about in cars on such a small island so
RN: Integrated communities are what provide real resilience to
they will have to have fantastic neighbourhoods and excellent
the city economy. Some of that has gone, people have moved
public transport and they then can export their solution to the
out of cities thinking it more a young person’s environment.
rest of the world.
JG: When you get really old you go to Florida! Let’s hope we
RN: We will continue to learn from best practice that is
don’t have gated communities for the elderly everywhere.
forced; Singapore, Christchurch, New York, various events and
RN: The predictions of rural migration rates to cities has been
circumstance have forced changed in these cities.
massive, do you think it will really happen? The ‘build it and
To summarise, cities are unique, we are privileged to be able to
they will come’ mentality; surely it will plateau?
work in this space and engineers and architects are able to help
JG: The next 20 years will not see the plateau.
people live their lives and deliver better environments and that
HS: We are already seeing some of the bigger cities that have
is what we do.
such a poor environment possibly experiencing a counter movement. In Beijing the air quality is so bad on many days you are advised not to walk outside and I’m afraid, Mexico City, San Paolo, Delhi and other major cities will have such a poor environment too that people will leave those cities.
To see the full conversation visit our insights page.
LIFE > SPACE > BUILDING
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Generation Jobless? 10
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Title Here Jobless? Generation
Image: ThePatronSaint
For the young and unemployed in the world’s big cities, dreams of opportunity, wealth and progress remain just that. The small town child with big city ambitions quickly realises that the disenfranchised, unemployed urban youth at the heart of many of the world’s major cities are not a myth. They are real, and today there are 75 million of them worldwide.
Here GenerationTitle Jobless?
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The International Labour Organisation (ILO) has warned that the worldwide youth jobless rate will remain above 10% through to 2018. The United Nations agency warns that global youth unemployment will continue to grow over the next four years, putting a whole generation at risk of lasting damage to their earnings potential, job prospects, health and general wellbeing. According to the ILO, youth unemployment levels have risen from 11.5% to 13.1% since 2007 as the economic downturn has taken its toll. Young people are almost three times as likely as their older peers to be out of work today and many are simply giving up on the search for meaningful employment. Youth unemployment has direct consequences not only for those young people involved, but also for the national economies and societies to which they belong. Unemployment is a contributing factor to a range of socio-political outcomes. The Arab Spring, Europe’s anti-cut protests, the global ‘occupy’ movement and the London riots in 2011 all raised questions about the links between youth unemployment, social unrest and general urban structures. Global economic weakness is certainly a main driver for youth unemployment; however, government spending cuts, shrinking public sector workforces, raised education fees and reductions in welfare support have all contributed to the problem. Whilst this is a global concern, one region where the level of youth unemployment is double international rates is the Middle East.
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Generation Jobless?
Image: ThePatronSaint
Generation Jobless?
specifically with labour market outcomes in mind. The application of smart technology to make learning and training as open, flexible and accessible as possible is also fundamental to addressing unemployment problems everywhere.”
The Middle East is a particularly youthful region, with young people constituting more than 40% of the total adult population. One of the biggest contributors to the region’s unemployment level is the volume of jobs going to non-nationals in these countries. This is partly down to the low incomes achievable for many of these new jobs, particularly in basic service industries and construction but also at the professional end, due to a lack of appropriate skills within the national labour force. BuroHappold’s Head of Economics Dr Jim Coleman comments: “In regions such as the Middle East which has a younger population structure, the key to developing a healthy and economically productive adult workforce is of course education. People need to be able to access a flexible, adaptable and highquality education and learning infrastructure at as early an age as possible, with a clear progression path tailored to the local market. It’s about ensuring that the learning process is tied as firmly as possible to what the region or country identifies as its evolving industrial strengths and specialisations. One big challenge is that although rapidly developing nations have got a lot of people into education, the nature of the education or quality isn’t necessarily right for the current or future trajectory of their economy. So there needs to be a clear link between the future economy, the industries that will be important and the way in which people engage with learning and training. There is a need for more innovative approaches based on clever use of new technologies, improved physical access and some degree of cultural change.” “The solution lies largely in part in more effective urban development, enabling educational planning and provision to respond rapidly to changing economic and social circumstances, as well as business needs. Critical infrastructure around transport and built environment for example could be improved
A leading job site in the Middle East – BAYT – recently conducted a study with young people in the region born between 1980 and 1996 entitled “Millennials in the Middle East.” The overwhelming response was what you would expect from young people anywhere in the world. They wanted financial stability, good health and successful careers. The same study also exposed the gap between dreams and reality: 59% of young people surveyed rely on their family for supplementary income and 28% say that they find it difficult to make ends meet. But more worryingly, an overwhelming 79% say the biggest challenge to their generation is finding a job. High levels of unemployment generate an obvious but unpredictable cycle of frustration, social unrest and political instability. Unfortunately due to the frustrations engendered by unemployment, the lack of jobs often pushes young people towards potentially non-rational and destructive behaviours. The solution of course is more tailored education and job creation. Jobs provide stability, choice and typically moderation. In a time of monumental change in many regions, including the Middle East, people continue to seek hope through better economic opportunity. That opportunity can no longer come through large government employment programmes or generous welfare policies. Encouragingly, 73% of millennials in the Middle East say they would prefer to have their own business as opposed to working for someone else. Entrepreneurialism and new business formation must also therefore feature in a comprehensive and balanced approach to ensuring young people all over the world can achieve their full economic potential.
CONTAC T Jim Coleman jim.coleman@burohappold.com +44 (0)207 927 9700
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The Big Picture
Institute of Diplomatic Studies Riyadh, KSA
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The Big Picture: Institute of Diplomatic Studies, Riyadh, KSA
Monumental in size and scope, this ambitious building will occupy a total area of over 42,000m2. Facilities will include a large auditorium, library, lecture halls, educational spaces, prayer rooms, a cafeteria and a visa application hall. The elaborate facade is striking. Comprised of a 3 dimensional pattern, it provides openings and windows to reveal glimpses of the interior within. It has dual purpose however and also adds to the thermal efficiently of the building by allowing natural light to permeate the atrium whilst also providing shelter from sun and wind. Client Ministry of Foreign Affairs Architect Henning Larsen
Image: Henning Larsen
BuroHappold Engineering Services Structural engineering, civil engineering, geotechnical engineering, building services engineering, facade engineering, fire engineering, project management.
Scan to find out more about our work on the Institute of Diplomatic Studies.
The Big Picture: Institute of Diplomatic Studies, Riyadh, KSA
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Boom, boom, boom but where’s the bust? Poland just keeps growing. Poland is prospering. Unlike many of its neighbours it has continued to grow riding the turbulent waves of the recession and the quality of life for its citizens and their incomes have increased to unprecedented levels. With a population over 38 million Poland is the largest economy in central Europe and there are no signs of it slowing down, in fact long term projections predict continued growth above and beyond the rest of Europe until at least 2030.
However the country faces some big challenges to ensure its continued good fortune and growth and these are mainly around the climate package recently signed by EU countries. The European Council has agreed a new EU Energy and Climate package that sets a binding domestic Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) target of “at least” 40%; a binding 27% renewable energy target; and two non-binding targets on energy efficiency improvements (27%) and interconnections (15%). Decarbonisation of the economy and energy security will continue to grow in importance. At this point, we should note that the construction and real estate sectors in Poland give a very good business case for green buildings. Together with our partners in the market, we organised a market research study and asked 16
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developers, investors and tenants about the business value of green buildings. The most interesting findings include: • 5 8% of respondents understand green buildings as certified buildings. • 9 5% of respondents understand green building as an energy efficient building. • 3 8% of the respondents see the green buildings as costing up to 10% more with only 9% of the respondents seeing the cost increase up to 20%. • M ajority of the investors are prepared to invest more in green buildings. • 8 4% of the respondents see the green building as a trend that will continue to grow.1
This year Poland hosted the EEB Laboratory project conducted by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). After San Francisco and Shanghai, Poland was selected as a country of interest for WBCSD and its partners so the Lab convened a wide range of local stakeholders and international experts in Poland to investigate barriers and identify enablers for greater market uptake of energy efficient buildings in Poland. It found that the business case for energy efficiency in buildings is strong and the international investor and tenant base is demanding highly efficient buildings. Pilot projects are happening in other segments of the market such as the residential segment but the potential in these other segments is largely untapped. Lab participants observed
Image: Filip Bramorski
Scan to find out more about our work in Poland.
Warsaw skyline.
that there is effectively a two-tier market for energy-efficient buildings. New building construction for international developers that targets international tenants and investors, (a relatively small market), requires energy efficiency and is typically specified with reference to green building rating systems such as LEED and BREEAM. On the other hand, the market targeting local private tenants and owner/ investors is driven by a mentality of lowest cost of construction with no interest in energy efficiency. As a result, energy efficiency has not been a high priority for building owners, developers and other players in the market and Poland has lagged behind other countries in implementing relevant European Union (EU) directives. However, the Lab demonstrated a significant appetite for action and
collaboration towards transformation, driven by an understanding of the benefits and anecdotal evidence from the market segment driven by international tenants and investors.2 On a social level, for now though confidence is the buzz word. Major events such as the Euro 2012 tournament saw spiked infrastructure investment. Since joining the EU in 2004 Poland has really organised itself as a front runner and recipient of funding from the EU for such projects. More recently the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra was realised in the city of Katowice because of the 50% funding awarded from the EU that enabled it to happen. Today’s Polish clients are far more discerning, with quality of service high
on their agenda. “Our proposition in Poland supports this shift and we are able to offer real technical rigour particularly in the building efficiency space and give our clients a cradle to grave service. Watching Poland grow and continue to prosper is exciting and we are looking forward to supporting the country with future challenges that will have engineering solutions at their heart.” CONTAC T Ian Booth ian.booth@burohappold.com +48 22536 03 00
1 Analysing the sustainable construction market in Poland – market perception study, Construction Marketing Group, 2014. 2 “EEB Laboratory Poland – Collaborative action towards achieving improved energy security for Poland”, WBCSD Buildings, December 2014.
Market focus: Poland
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Image: James Cheadle
SERIAL URBAN INNOVATOR Steve Oxley talks to Majora Carter about green infrastructure and the power of people.
Funny how life-changing epiphanies can come to us at the most workaday moments: on the train home, out shopping, brushing your teeth. For urban revitalisation champion and Peabody Award winning broadcaster, Majora Carter, that inspirational moment arrived whilst out walking the dog in her South Bronx neighbourhood. Dragged by her dog Xena into an abandoned lot in one of the city’s many industrial zones, pushing through weeds and onwards beyond construction garbage and other unmentionable city detritus, Carter suddenly caught a glimpse of something hitherto hidden, something amazing: the waters of the Bronx River glistening in the morning light. The beauty of the river that morning made Carter realise what the neighbourhood was missing and, importantly, what it could become and so she set about securing seed money to redevelop the South Bronx waterfront to bring environmental improvements to her community. 18
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Over a five year period she helped leverage that seed money into more than $3 million from the mayor’s budget to build Hunts Point Riverside Park. Around the same time, she founded Sustainable South Bronx, a non-profit organisation dedicated to revitalising urban communities into sustainable places to live. With some measure of pride, Carter describes how she helped “create one of the country’s very first green-collar job training and placement systems. “We did it entirely in green infrastructure projects, training people in everything from green roof installation or horticultural engineering, weeding and planting, through to tree care. But it wasn’t considered with the same amount of gravitas as climate adaptation work such as putting solar panels up on roofs and unfortunately the green jobs movement in the US in the later 2000s showed that. Even though
there were jobs definitely to be had that would have helped many of our cities towards the path of resiliency and would have helped them a lot with the storm surges that happened after that, none of it was done.” Carter talks passionately and at length about the Emscher Landscape Park regeneration project in Germany’s Rhur Valley, which saw 17 different cities join forces to transform the environment of one of the most heavily industrialised regions of Europe. “I saw the project in year seven or eight and was just shocked and amazed at how they used green infrastructure. It really inspired me because frankly everything about that area was way more toxic than the South Bronx and all I could think was that if they can do it there then we can do it here.”
Incorporating sustainability strategies into city planning in the United States is, however, a different matter. Carter points to cities such as Chicago and Portland as the leading lights but believes it will take a major perception shift for green infrastructure to become the norm. “Although major cities have green infrastructure plans and are doing some fantastic work around it, I still think it’s really difficult to say that it is in fact sweeping the nation. I think part of that is because people don’t tend to prescribe the same amount of importance to it as they do to grey infrastructure. So people really do place a lot of value in these huge hulking sewage treatment plants or water filtration plants and things of that nature but a simple tree is always a simple tree; a green roof is nice but it doesn’t really have the impact unfortunately.”
Image: tom$
Emscher Landscape Park, Ruhr District, Germany.
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In the cities of America and Europe to which Carter refers, green infrastructure solutions are often retrofitted into existing scenarios but in other parts of the world, particularly China and the Middle East, whole new cities are being built from the ground up creating all manner of opportunities. Whilst Carter is optimistic about the prospects for some of these future cities, “It makes me happy to know that they’re with real leaders in the sustainability world”, she warns that those leading the charge need to learn how to engage fully with their citizens. “What I do hope is that those involved in the development of these new cities recognise that it is about people; people are going to be living in these big cities, using these facilities; if we teach people why this stuff is important to them, not for us as the professionals, you get people taking it seriously and that’s what makes it long lasting and sustainable.
“Based on the experiences from my own work, I feel that sometimes the green movement has isolated the environmental world from the real world in which people live; it’s like it’s this rarified thing that some people shouldn’t go into if they’re not in the club and that’s just straight wrong. Knowing that’s the way a lot people think about the green movement I often scrub the words ‘environment’ or ‘sustainable’ or ‘green’ out of my vocabulary when I’m talking to regular people. I use terms such as ‘health’ and ‘well-being’ and ‘quality of life’ and ‘community pride’, things that people understand and gravitate to because they want it in their life.” For cities to unlock their true potential, Carter believes we need to diversify the talent pool. “I really believe that diversity leads to innovation and right now we don’t have a particularly diverse talent pipeline or anyone coming in from STEM areas. We find that people from low-income backgrounds and people from communities of colour are well behind the curve for that type of work.”
Green infrastructure solutions are often retrofitted into existing scenarios but in other parts of the world, particularly China and the Middle East, whole new cities are being built from the ground up creating all manner of opportunities.
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Image: RTKL
Meizhouwan Port, China.
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Images: MajoraCarterGroup
An inland section of the South Bronx Greenway.
Greening a South Bronx roof.
To address this, Carter co-founded StartUp Box #South Bronx as a social enterprise to seed diverse participation through entry level jobs in the knowledge economy. She also launched StartUp Box #QA (Quality Assurance testing services) which assisted in the launch of Mayor Bill DeBlasio’s Digital NYC in 2014.
Carter believes engineers “are badly misunderstood” partially because their reputation precedes them. “Engineers are so methodical which is why we love them but they forget that sometimes people and clients can be irrational; engineers work in numbers and hard stuff that doesn’t move and has principles behind it, everything that people and communities are not.”
“In developing social enterprises around technology in low-income communities we’re helping folks into accessible jobs in technology that have career ladders. Another thing that we’re doing is using StartUp Box to create businesses that will provide tech services to the New York City tech industry, in particular gaming, right now. “A key part of our work is really inculcating people in the work of technology so we want to develop a speaker series around people who do different types of work in science, technology, engineering and math to show them that this is what you can do. In places like the South Bronx we don’t have much exposure to what people do outside of the poor neighbourhoods so we want to bring people in for that so we can start diversifying and creating different talent pipelines to go into fields such as engineering.” 22
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However, Carter says that she is “excited” about her future work with engineers. “Their work is brilliant, some of the smartest people I’ve ever met are engineers, but what we’d like to instill in them is that their great gifts would be even greater if they were used for the greater good. I think that’s a really interesting story: that engineers now, whether working on green infrastructure or building projects, are going to be able to tell their grandkids about how they developed this great capacity to do that on such a compassionate and fabulous level and that it really did help change the world. I’m definitely counting on them to help because, believe me, there’s a lot we can’t do as mere mortals but engineers can!”
Their work is brilliant, some of the smartest people I’ve ever met are engineers, but what we’d like to instil in them is that their great gifts would be even greater if they were used for the greater good.
FU R T HER R E A D I N G Majora Carter Group www.majoracartergroup.com StartUp Box #South Bronx www.sbsq.org Sustainable South Bronx www.ssbx.org
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A
DESIRE TO
DESIGN
Dick Powell Director and co-founder of Seymour Powell Chairman D&AD
Dr Mike Cook Chairman BuroHappold Engineering
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Title Here TO DESIGN A DESIRE
A desire to design is something we are all born with. From a young age human beings love to create, innovate and share new experiences. But the education system seemingly focuses on funnelling the next generation into left brain (sciences) and right brain (arts) producing technically gifted individuals with little sense of creativity on the one hand and highly imaginative individuals without technical rigour on the other…
Cities are complex entities; their successful future delivery is dependent upon a mix of knowledge and skill sets, collaboration and, importantly, creativity. To that end, there has been much soul-searching amongst builtenvironment practitioners in recent years to determine a means of breaking the silo mentality that once defined the sector’s various professions. The problem, however, is that the division and compartmentalisation of knowledge and skills often starts in schools, with children effectively forced to choose a path that panders to their left brain (sciences) or right brain (arts), producing technically gifted individuals with no sense of creativity on the one hand and highly imaginative individuals with no sense of technical rigour on the other. This has serious repercussions for recruitment in the built-environment sector. “The conundrum for our profession and the delivery of a really successful built environment for us all is going to be dependent on the ability to pool left-brained and right-brained thinkers together in the same space,” postulates BuroHappold Chairman, Mike Cook. “At the moment it’s not possible in single
people, it has to come in collaborative teams.” Cook is peeling back the layers of this tricky conundrum with Dick Powell, co-founder and director of global design and innovation company Seymour Powell in the surrounds of a former banana warehouse on the banks of the River Thames which now houses the Design Museum London. Amidst the displays of contemporary design and the excited chatter of visiting students, the two veterans of design and engineering industries talk passionately about the need for more rounded innovators in the face of an education system which likes to put children in boxes. Mike Cook is particularly interested in the education of our future generations as he chairs the Education Panel of the Institution of Structural Engineers and also teaches engineering students at Imperial College. However, it was a conversation closer to home that got him thinking. “I’ve got a nephew whom I used to talk to about engineering all the time and I used to think he would make a good engineer. But he did art, he didn’t do maths, and in the end he was steered
away from engineering and has now gone into the product design area. And that made me think: there’s a lot of steering away of people that would otherwise make very suitable engineers. I see five-year-old kids at school who are creative and fascinated by play; they experiment, explore, fall over and learn a lot but sadly they’re being funnelled along very particular paths. So, for instance, there’s a little band that gets funnelled off into engineering because they’re good at maths and physics whereas if you’re good at art or anything more creative you will go off and do English and arts-based subjects. Any chance of us getting young people come through, who think at the other end of the spectrum, is almost cut off at the age of 12. A lot of skilled children who have a bit of everything could very possibly have become very skilled engineers but they often veer off into the art and design space.” Both Cook and Powell acknowledge that parents are sometimes equally to blame for this ‘funnelling’ process, particularly when it comes to the arts. “Parents feel more comfortable if their kids do ‘proper subjects’,” says Powell. “There is still an attitude that the arts are for the not so
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“One of the reasons we currently have such a successful creative industries sector is that we have had a fantastic design education sector” Dick Powell
bright but it’s complete rubbish because actually some of the smartest people are very creative. “I was going to be an architect,” he admits. “Architecture was the acceptable face of art to my father so I did history, maths, french and art, a good old mix of both sides of the spectrum.” Powell is also Chairman of D&AD, an educational charity representing the creative, design and advertising communities. One of D&AD’s missions is to inspire the next generation of creative talent and stimulate the creative industry to work towards a more sustainable future. D&AD fought vigorously against former education secretary Michael Gove when he announced that creative subjects such as art and design and technology would not count towards his proposed EBacc qualification, a decision which, if it had gone ahead, both Powell and Cook agree would have been “completely disastrous.” “There’s a lot of talk about valuing the creative industries but actually they don’t quite know what it is they need to achieve,” says Cook. Indeed, official Government statistics suggest that the UK’s creative industries are now worth £71.4 billion per year to the UK economy, generating just over £8 million pounds 26
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A DESIRE TO DESIGN
an hour. But Dick Powell fears that the sector could begin to stutter in years to come if the education sector fails to catch up. “One of the reasons we currently have such a successful creative industries sector is that we have had a fantastic design education sector,” says Powell. “However, that pool of resource from which the creative industry pulls going forward is diminishing because of the devaluation of design and technology in schools and we lose kids who have enormous talent but who get threaded off because of the ways that they align subjects in schools. The system doesn’t really cope with the need for variation. I think we get a good insight into how it could be done by looking at the private school sector which often puts more emphasis into design and technology and understands better the potential for creative kids. Their choice of subjects is much more open in that they allow children to do art and maths at the same time. You need to give kids the experiences of both those things to produce an equal left/right brain as these are the kind of people, whether they are engineering or art trained, who make the best creative people in almost any industry.”
There is a glimmer of one or two positive signs: the academic world within which he teaches has, Cook suggests, seen some shift in focus. “When it comes to engineering, I think that universities are slowly loosening their grip on the maths/ physics mantra and they are slowly realising that we are finding better outputs from people who are educated in a wider spectrum of subjects. I teach Creative Design and instead of students being taught that this is the right way of doing things, I say there is no right answer anymore, it’s a matter of synthesising as much of the problem as they can cope with and an ability to stand and argue it. I would love more engineering education to be able to do that but it often requires unacademic type people; people who haven’t spent all their lives devoted to understanding the impact of concrete strength or moisture content equations.” As the frenetic cadence of chatter amongst the visiting students once again fills the Design Museum’s display halls with its echoes of undecided futures and preordained paths, Cook and Powell make to leave. Not before, however, Powell posits one last suggestion: that when it comes to recruitment, the engineering profession can learn a very important lesson from
Images: BuroHappold Engineering / James Cheadle
“There’s a lot of talk about valuing the creative industries but actually they don’t quite know what it is they need to achieve” Mike Cook
the design sector. “I wonder whether the fault actually lies with the employers. You want an engineer; therefore you look for a qualified engineer with an engineering degree. In the design profession we look for very talented people who bridge the right brain/left brain line all the time. Often they’re not necessarily the best qualified people and sometimes they’ve done very different things. Above all, they have inquiring minds, the kind of minds that are just not happy with the world as it is and these are the people we value the most.” “You are right”, Cook responds, “we understand the challenge in our own practice and where we have brought together a more diverse team we have certainly reaped the benefits. We can clearly see the value that this broader mindset can bring. While there is still much to be done, we’ve started the journey.”
CONTAC T Dr Mike Cook mike.cook@burohappold.com +44 (0)207 927 9745
Here A DESIRE TOTitle DESIGN
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Title Here expansion – is it a zero sum game? University
University expansion – is it a zero sum game?
Two events in recent years have combined to create a perfect storm in the UK’s Higher Education sector. The economic downturn of 2008 resulted in a sharp reduction in graduate job opportunities, and the hike in tuition fees at English universities made many prospective students think much harder about the cost and value of a university education. The effects of this are being felt across the world.
The possibility of a significant downturn in undergraduate numbers contributed to a level of uncertainty in the sector for a couple of years. Would more prospective students reject the experience of university for fear of saddling themselves with a lifetime’s debt? Would more employers provide high quality training to tempt high achieving school leavers to enter employment directly? Would low undergraduate numbers put some universities out of business? Would more undergraduates study abroad where tuition fees are often minimal? And will MOOCs take over the world, rendering the traditional university obsolete? The picture is clearly a complex one. We have partial answers to some of these questions but the world of Higher Education (HE) in the UK is changing faster than ever before and the landscape will no doubt change in the coming years. However, a few trends have emerged. Undergraduate numbers are holding up. Shown by on year figures tracking the number of 18 year olds leaving school.
Students are thinking much harder about what to study and where. Science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) subjects are increasingly popular but arts and humanities courses have suffered. The Scottish universities’ four year courses are proving less attractive to many English students reluctant to incur another £10,000-20,000 of debt. The sector is behaving much more like a market than in previous years; students are becoming more demanding of their facilities and the quality of their teaching, using the internet to determine the information they need to make these decisions. The government has relaxed the number of high achieving A Level students that a university can enrol. This is enabling league topping universities to expand, potentially at the expense of those establishments lower down the tables, many of which are focusing increasingly on vocational courses to carve out their niche. And we expect all student number controls to be removed from 2015 which may change the landscape again.
University expansion – is it a zero sum game?
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Many academics are finding the new studentcentred and market focused environment a significant challenge. There is increasing attention to student feedback and on delivering measurable success. But what next for UK universities? There is much discussion about the cost of the new fee system, with suggestions that it will cost the public purse more than the previous funding method which was based on lower tuition fees. The University of Oxford’s Vice Chancellor where, like Cambridge, the tutorial based model of education costs nearly twice the £9,000 maximum tuition fee, has already broken the next taboo by suggesting that fees should be deregulated further. No UK political party will dare to lift the fee cap before the next election but it will no doubt become an issue of much debate in the years to come. Will we end up with an American style system with a wide range of fees and equally variable bursaries and scholarships? The relative value of UK and US university endowments suggests that this might not be tenable. The aim of many UK universities to expand is perhaps unfortunately timed as the number of UK 18 year olds is set to dip sharply over the coming years. Recruitment of international students is therefore likely to be more important than ever over the next decade if significant overprovision of student places is to be avoided and if some universities contract sharply or even go to the wall.
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Image: Hufton + Crow
Exeter Forum, University of Exeter, UK
While the Higher Education Funding Council of England’s (HEFCE) recent report1 on the health of the English HE sector generally paints an upbeat picture of the next few years, it also acknowledges the challenge faced in delivering the expected increase in non-EU student numbers who already provide around a quarter of universities’ tuition fee and education contract funding. Despite the recent rapid expansion of HE in developing countries, particularly China, where there are more students being taught in English than in the UK and India, the UK and US are still viewed globally as providing high quality tertiary education, dominating the top ten positions in the league tables year after year and attracting many students as much for the cultural experience as to study. Despite various initiatives, Chinese universities are climbing the league tables very slowly and those in India seem to be going into reverse. Nearly a quarter of taught Masters degree places in the UK are taken by Chinese students; just behind the number of British students. This is unlikely to suffer in the short to medium term but the picture may be very different in a couple of decades’ time. Importantly for BuroHappold as an engineering practice, how can universities and their estates respond? If undergraduate numbers are effectively limited, does that make the current frenzy of construction and improvement projects a zero sum game, with universities simply spending vast sums to lure students away from competitors?
University expansion – is it a zero sum game?
Image: Antony-22
California Institute of Technology Earle M. Jorgensen Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA
The answer is yes and no. Much of the current expenditure has simply been to catch up on the lack of maintenance and development funding over the last few decades, investing in basic student facilities such as libraries, accommodation, student services and teaching facilities. Universities realise that they need to provide facilities which justify the huge financial and personal investment which students are making: research carried out by the Higher Education Design Quality Forum has suggested that many students reject a university because of the quality of its environment and buildings. Development funding is now chiefly generated from within universities, which need to operate as stand-alone businesses and produce a surplus every year if they are to keep up with the game. Further new developments to accommodate increased student numbers or even to maintain the status quo will clearly have a significant cost. However, does expansion always mean new buildings? The UK’s university estate has very poor space efficiency and even a minor improvement could allow increased student numbers to be accommodated at little additional cost. Setting aside the perpetual open plan/cellular office debate, many universities are unaware of some of the buildings and resources which are in their possession which
could be transformed into attractive, practical and sustainable spaces at relatively low cost. There are many award-winning examples including the Library and Forum at the University of Exeter, the Students’ Union at the University of Newcastle, and the LEED Platinum Earle M Jorgensen Lab at Caltech, Pasadena, where we have improved user experience while reducing energy consumption by over a third. This can avoid spending hard earned funding on additional land and new buildings, maintain the coherence of a property strategy, and allow the estate to “flex” more easily in response to a change in student numbers or course types. However, we must return to the original question: is UK university expansion a zero sum game? Yes… and no… CONTAC T Mike Entwisle mike.entwisle@burohappold.com +44 (0)1225 320 600
Scan to find out more about our work in Higher Education.
1 Financial health of the higher education sector, 2013-14 to 2016-17 forecasts, HEFCE, 2014
University expansion – is it a zero sum game?
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The Big Picture
The Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra Concert Hall
Image: Bartek Barczyk
Katowice, Poland
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The Big Picture: The Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra Concert Hall
The Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra’s new home in Katowice is sending vibrations across the music world. The new concert venue is delivering a step change in acoustic excellence for live music performances and has already played host to the Vienna Philharmonic and the London Symphony Orchestra, who gave glowing reviews after performing at this world class venue. The 337,000ft2 hall has placed Katowice firmly on the global stage and is already reinvigorating the surrounding region. The concert hall’s 1800 seat auditorium meets the highest standards in acoustic design. BuroHappold collaborated with Tomasz Konior and Nagata Acoustics to deliver this world class venue in under two and a half years. Working closely with our client our structural and mechanical and electrical teams brought global knowledge to the project to enhance audience experience and comply with the highest of acoustic standards which were achieved after extensive research under laboratory conditions, using acoustic computer modelling. The stunning new hall in Katowice is on the site of an old coal mine and the design is sympathetic to the region’s famed Silesian mining culture. Working with the region’s landscape and traditions the impressive structure hints at its surroundings whilst acting as a symbol of modern Poland and the city’s growing cosmopolitan landscape.
Scan to find out more about our work on the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra Concert Hall.
The Big Picture: The Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra Concert Hall
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It’s tough at the top What are the risks to London’s competitiveness if we cannot invest in and deliver major infrastructure appropriately?
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London: it’s tough at the top
Described by Forbes magazine as the world’s most influential city in 2014 and voted the world’s most desirable city in which to work in a study by the Boston Consulting Group and totaljobs.com, one would assume that the UK capital is feeling pretty relaxed about its global position. But resting on its laurels is a luxury that London cannot afford. In fact London risks losing its position amongst the world’s elite cities unless a major programme of infrastructure investment is put in place and delivered to allow the capital to remain competitive and to cope with its increasing population on a trajectory which shows no sign of slowing. In fact, in 2015, London’s population will increase to a level never seen before and the projections are for around a further 30% increase over the next few decades. ‘Brand London’ amounts to around 20% of the UK’s total GDP and whilst it certainly doesn’t account for the whole country, to keep the UK competitive a comprehensive plan for London needs to be delivered quickly. Astronomical house prices threaten to drive people away and estimates from the London Infrastructure Plan 2050 recently cited that £1.3 trillion would be required to maintain London’s prime position on the global stage. Scaremongering aside what exactly does this all mean? BuroHappold recently hosted an Institute of Economic Development (IED) panel discussion deliberating the best way
to move forward with the capital’s investment. Chaired by BuroHappold’s Head of Economics Jim Coleman, the invited experts from central government, local authorities and the private sector unpicked the complex challenges of a London infrastructure investment plan, with the aim of coming up with an elegant, collaborative solution for the city. But did the debate raise more questions than answers and were there any areas of consensus to be found? The panellists: Jeremy Skinner Senior Manager for Economic and Business Policy, Greater London Authority Emma Davies Managing Director of Planning, CBRE Andy Harmer Head of Environmental Infrastructure, John Laing Investments Ltd Roger Nickells CEO BuroHappold Engineering Stephen McDonald Director of Place, London Borough of Barnet Alex Kornman Vice President, MacQuarie Group
London: it’s tough at the top
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CHANGING BEHAVIOURS Infrastructure development and behavioural change are intrinsically linked. When the threat of possible blackouts, water shortages and a slowing down in the rate of house building are a reality, the way in which we behave and interact with infrastructure can have a huge impact on resources. Reducing demand on our networks at peak hours could have a dramatic effect and so a programme of education is as important as the implementation of new infrastructure plans. And of course we mustn’t forget the transient nature of the capital’s workforce; every day huge numbers commute into the city and all have an impact on scarce resources. The population needs to care about its city to make the required leaps in behaviour and we need to embrace technology to lessen our burden.
A CO-ORDINATED APPROACH “The Draft GLA London Housing Strategy sets out a vision to deliver more than 42,000 new homes a year for the next ten years. Enabling and providing coordinated infrastructure plays a key role in realising this vision. We should not underestimate the importance of the outer London boroughs in helping with housing supply. In a number of the outer London boroughs, the face of the high street is changing dramatically and these areas alone could make a substantial contribution to housing supply, provided that the appropriate infrastructure is in place. This means both hard and soft infrastructure to enhance and maintain an acceptable quality of life. A point well made at the recent IED event was that infrastructure planning also needs to be politically neutral given the timescales needed to implement a number of the infrastructure projects. As with housing this is not a political football but an economic reality.” Emma Davies Executive Director - Managing Director of Planning, CBRE Ltd
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London: it’s tough at the top
THE ENGAGEMENT OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT For London to succeed, the role of national government becomes ever more important. Big transitional plans such as this require big vision. There are lessons to be learnt from previous infrastructure investments, and where success has been achieved, there has been a clear role for the state and clear roles for local government. It is vital however that the plan does not get embroiled within political and election agendas. It has been shown that citizens trust mayors more than they trust the politicians as mayors often “get things done”. To the balance between the city, the state and the regions is critical, and London has a good governance model.
WHO IS THE RISK SITTING WITH? “Having identified the principle large-scale items of infrastructure that London will require to stay ahead of the competition, the next challenge becomes the process of distilling the different infrastructure assets into visible pipelines that local authorities, developers, contractors, operators and the funding community can focus on. Equity investors and debt providers should be involved early in this process so that funding and financing models can be developed alongside the infrastructure delivery models. Structuring projects in this way will ensure that the risks are identified, managed and mitigated early in the development cycle, ensuring that the assets are not only buildable, but are also fundable and financeable. There are many sources of capital available to be deployed and many green field investors who are able to provide the required expertise.” Andy Harmer Head of Environmental Infrastructure, John Laing Investments
WHO IS PAYING FOR IT ALL? Current approaches to funding infrastructure, Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) or New Homes Bonus, are not going to provide enough funding to supply the new infrastructure that London’s boroughs are going to need. This is especially the case for social infrastructure, such as schools, that will be needed to support a bigger population. So what is the solution? There will be a requirement to crystalise plans early to allow opportunity tracking for investors and developers. A balance should be struck between the bills the tax payer foots and the contribution businesses must make. Much of the infrastructure is very hard to monetise, our parks for example bring so much to enrich our lives but at what cost? Decisions around where the money is best invested require clarity of purpose and intended impact. Priorities must be agreed well in advanced.
WE MUSTN’T FORGET THE PEOPLE “It is essential that we think about how our infrastructure choices impact upon the individual citizen; what is their role in decision making and where does their point of tolerance lie? If the city doesn’t function properly and is too expensive to retain a quality of life, then the people will leave; this is a very real threat for London and so the concept of understanding and accepting personal tolerance must not be underestimated. The rate of change that London will experience is, in simple terms, akin to putting a city the size of Birmingham into London over the next couple of decades, so putting people at the heart of the planning process is crucial.” Roger Nickells Chief Executive Officer, BuroHappold Engineering
London: it’s tough at the top
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The Lorax
Image: Š AF archive / Alamy
As one of the world’s best loved children’s authors Dr Theodor Seuss Geisel has helped countless children to discover their love of words and reading through the use of funny, irreverent, crazy rhymes and characters. The Fox in Sox, The Cat in the Hat and Green Eggs and Ham make both adults and youngsters smile and elicit feelings of warmth and nostalgia for the works of this master of short, snappy verse. But not all was sunny and funny in the land of Dr Seuss or indeed of the Lorax; the doctor’s tale of the dangers of corporate greed and the effect it can have on our fragile environment.
The Lorax, a small orange creature with an impressively bushy yellow beard, is the spokesperson for the Truffula trees that grow in an unspoiled valley far away, and the conscience of us all “I am the Lorax. I speak for the trees. I speak for the trees for the trees have no tongues.” Teaming with nature; brown Bar-ba-loots, Swomee Swans, and Humming Fish that spend their days among these life-giving Truffula trees, the valley is discovered by the entrepreneurial Once-ler, a greedy, self-centred individual who harvests the Truffulas to make indispensable Thneeds. You just know this is going to end badly… The moment the Once-ler cuts down his first Truffula tree the Lorax is on the scene to warn against the destruction the Once-ler is about to reap.
Of course greed succeeds and the Lorax is ignored; to cut a short story short the Once-ler sets up a factory to produce more and more Thneeds, leading to pollution and the disappearance of the local wildlife: the Bar-ba-loots first, in search of food; the Swomee-Swans next, for want of clean air; and the Humming-Fish last, to escape polluted water. Does this worry the Once-ler? Of course not – he just carries on ‘biggering’ his operation until the last Truffula tree is cut down, and his beloved Thneed industry collapses! In classic Greek tradition the Lorax returns to survey the devastation before he leaves behind a poignant reminder to us all; a stone slab etched with the word “Unless”. UNLESS someone like you cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get better. It’s not.”
The Lorax
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Whilst it’s not possible to achieve an entirely circular economy we have the technology and the need to get pretty damn close. Basically a circular economy refers to an industrial economy that is restorative by intention; it aims to rely on renewable energy; it minimises, tracks, and hopefully eliminates the use of toxic chemicals and eradicates waste through careful design. In most industries there are physical inputs followed by physical outputs; the key is to minimise both
so reducing the amount of materials needed to create the end product, and using more recyclables and secondary options to reduce raw materials. In the Once-ler’s case, to stay in business, he could have used a Thneed life cycle assessment to realise how to make a product that was both sustainable and profitable. For example did a source of recycled Truffula fibres exist already? Could he have developed a resource management strategy that set a sustainable rate for harvesting and replanting his trees? And what about all the environmental pollution; a carbon reduction plan or following a BREEAM/ LEED accreditation could have helped him manage his impacts. If the Once-ler had been a Circlu-ler he could have specified the cleanest, most efficient production equipment as well as installing renewable energy technology enabling a more profitable, cleaner factory that benefited both his trees and the local environment. In our world a building that operates with a
circular metabolism and is almost selfsufficient, providing all physical inputs itself, and producing little or no net waste output, is entirely possible. Whilst it’s not a factory per say the
has managed to achieve this nirvana of energy creation and use. Through insightful design and consideration of its locational benefits, it has been possible to deliver a building that has: • Net zero energy consumption • Net zero water consumption • Wastewater treated on-site. The laboratory uses a number of simple but effective technologies to achieve a circular metabolism including harnessing the intense Hawaiian sun using photovoltaic solar panels, and harvesting rainwater and greywater for non potable water.
Hawaii Preparatory Academy Energy Laboratory Kamuela, Hawaii
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The Lorax
Image: Matthew Millman
So since the publication of this sustainability classic over forty years ago what have we learned… would those fabulous Bar-ba-loots, in their barbaloot suits, still be gambolling in their unsullied paradise or the Humming-Fish be swishing through crystal clear waters? What if the Once-ler had actually been a Circu-ler and followed a circular business model, working with the environment and his neighbours, two or four legged or finned, and using a business plan with built in longevity that maintained diversity in the future?
Image: Gensler
King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy Riyadh, KSA
Let’s think big, on a city scale! The design of
pushes the boundaries of achieving a circular metabolism. BuroHappold utilised integrated resource mapping and co-location of infrastructure to steer this masterplan project towards achieving its potential as a selfsustaining city. And bigger again, on a regional scale, local authorities and governments have a key role in enabling a circular economy such as the West of England’s Pathways to Prosperity which considers how strategic planning can develop the circular infrastructure we need.
To avoid bankruptcy and the utter devastation left behind by the Once-ler there are many other aspects of a circular economy that the Once-ler could have considered. He could have engaged with the local community of Barbaloots and Swomee Swans and other stakeholders through workshops and information days to discuss the long term stewardship of the valley for future generations. Running the factory as a social enterprise the Once-ler could have created a cooperative giving a share of profits to support local causes. And most importantly there could have been a resource strategy to safeguard the long-term supply of Truffula fibres, to enable the production of Thneeds at a rate sustainable in the long-term. As a Circu-ler the Once-ler would not have continued ‘biggering’ beyond this ceiling of sustainable operation, but instead
focused on ‘The Three Th’s’: Thneed quality, Thocial responsibility and environmental Thtewardship! So back to the moral of this tale: the Once-ler does eventually realise that the Lorax meant that unless someone cares, nothing will get better. He gives away his last Truffula seed, telling the recipient, a young boy, to plant it in the hope of cultivating a forest to which “the Lorax, and all of his friends, may come back”. Are we still a culture of too little, too late or have we learnt our lessons a little quicker and a little better than the Once-ler? Do we care enough to take notice of our inner Lorax?…
The Lorax
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BUROHAPPOLD ENGINEERING BUILDINGS
CITIES
EFFICIENT AND GREEN DESIGN
CITY DIAGNOSTICS AND STRATEGY
STEVE WILLIAMSON E: steve.williamson@burohappold.com
LAWRIE ROBERTSON E: lawrie.robertson@burohappold.com
INTELLIGENT REUSE OF BUILDINGS
PROGRAMME DELIVERY AND ENABLEMENT
NEIL SQUIBBS E: neil.squibbs@burohappold.com
OPERATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF BUILDINGS IAN MADDOCKS E: ian.maddocks@burohappold.com
INSPIRATIONAL DESIGN MIKE COOK E: mike.cook@burohappold.com
INTEGRATED DESIGN STEPHEN JOLLY E: stephen.jolly@burohappold.com
DESIGN FOR CONSTRUCTION AND FIT OUT JERRY YOUNG E: jerry.young@burohappold.com
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PADRAIC KELLY E: padraic.kelly@burohappold.com
INTELLIGENT DEVELOPMENT AND MASTERPLANNING ANDY MURDOCH E: andy.murdoch@burohappold.com
INFRASTRUCTURE AND CITY SYSTEMS OPTIMISATION ALAN HARBINSON E: alan.harbinson@burohappold.com
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCE OPTIMISATION TREVOR CURSON E: trevor.curson@burohappold.com
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