XPRESS MANUAL - PLANT

03

C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

Plant.

C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

Over the span of Churc

been continuously trying

church planting.’ 1 This h

shapes and forms to a ne

are what we would now ca

Ed Stetzer challenges ch

“For us to cling to the cu

program + building = chu

not working, is silly at best

This is why we think it’s v

and those involved to kno plant this new location.

Models are shaped by the of culture, 3 and because a variety of models have

all of them. 4 These mod continue to develop and

church leaders discover n

reach the unreached in th

the models that are availa

CHAPTER 03

ch history believers have

core models that we think church leaders need to

g to discover the ‘how of

be aware of when aspiring to start a new location.

has brought about many

ew church. These shapes

all ‘models’.

hurch leaders by stating

urrent model of pastor +

urch when it is generally

t and negligent at worst.”2

vital for the church starter

ow what model to use to

e ‘who’, ‘when’ and ‘where’ all individuals are unique, been developed to reach

dels themselves will only increase in variations as

new ways and methods to

For us to cling to the current model of pastor + program + building = church when it is generally not working, is silly at best and negligent at worst.

heir community. Out of all

able, we have chosen four

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C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

Four Core m start a new 01

STA RT- U P

sharing the gospel with

them in attempt to make

These new disciples now Typically characterised by a small team starting a

for the formal worship

church from scratch in a new area. Without much

Whereas the ‘launch big’

external support, it requires a high degree of stamina

an already developed cor

and hard work. 5 The start-up model now can be

attractional, and system

divided into a couple of distinct models that have

savvy elements,” 7 such

varying processes used to start-up, including either

services, or mail-outs, to d

the ‘traditional’ or ‘launch big’ start-up processes.

anticipation in the comm

The worship service is the The ‘traditional’ start-up method focuses on firstly

and as stated, launch big,

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PLANT

models to w location. as many people around

success in a shorter time frame.

e converts and disciples.

w act as the foundation

02

M U LTI PLI CATI O N

service to be built off.6 start-up method involves

re team using “business,

The multiplication model involves an existing

matic and organisational

church that creates, or ‘births’, a new congregation

as mini-events, preview

out of itself. Usually typified by a more hands-on

develop an awareness and

approach by the ‘mother’ church. This replicates

munity of a new location.

the original DNA of mission, vision and theology,

en started from the get-go

and gives more independence to the point where

to see a higher numerical

the new church is autonomous. 8

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C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

03

M U LTI S ITE

04

H OUS E C H U

Multisite was once an emerging model but has

This model has been gi

now become the new normal. 9 A multisite model

including cell churches, s

is similar to the multiplication model except the

churches and the most co

difference is in the level of intended autonomy. A

The name ‘house church

multisite location isn’t intended to be autonomous

because although most m

but is intended to grow the ‘reach’ and ‘influence’

house, they also occur in

of the established church by developing the church

cafes and other locations.

in a new location. 10 A multisite location, compared

organised under the leade

to planting an autonomous church, tends to be

12 are defined not by th

less expensive regarding finances, resources, and

emphasis. 13 The emphas

also volunteers. This is because typically, the new

a common life in Christ, 14

location has a built-in team already trained in vision,

of discipleship and intent

mission and structure. 11 On top of this, the multisite

a house church typically

model acts as a great leadership development

structure, programs or p

system to build up new and young leaders.

growing, a house church

The multisite model has been so influential in

birth new house churches

the realm of modern day church planting and is

repeat the process. 16

currently the fastest growing model in the world.

All this in mind we

that God isn’t overly con

models. Models are to be

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RC H

iven a variety of names

directive or prescriptive. As long as the message is

simple churches, organic

pure, the method is relative to a whole range of other

ommon - house churches.

factors. We need to have a scriptural understanding

h’ isn’t always satisfactory

of Christ, His mission, and the church. 17 From this

meetings take place in a

point, we need to have a gospel-driven flexibility

n restaurants, businesses,

towards the models of new locations. 18 To assist in

. House churches, usually

this process, it helps to define the negotiables and

ership of a unified network,

non-negotiables of starting a new location.

heir location but by their

Such as listed below: 19

sis of house churches is on

4 and the simple elements

NEGOTIABLES:

NON-NEGOTIABLES:

tional reproduction. Thus,

●● When

●● Making disciples

y has little organisation,

production value. 15 Once

●● Biblically qualified ●● Where

will typically identify and

s as soon as possible, then

e need to remind ourselves

●● Speaking the ●● How often

Gospel ●● Displaying the

●● Delivery

ncerned with methods or

e descriptive and not ever

leaders

Gospel ●● Serving the

●● Ministry Methods

Community

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C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

What C

Mike Breen, an author from ChurchLeaders.com,

this - use whatever mode

says, “the temptation for church planters is to look

locations are started bas

for a ‘pure model’ and rigidly stick to that formula

doing, either as an imitati

(which can have disastrous results). Well, there’s

to another model. 21 But th

no such thing as a ‘pure’ way of planting a church.

what are others doing, bu

You will need to contextualise and use Jesus’

Church planting isn’t churc

principles for discipleship and mission where you

going to look different de

live. Undoubtedly that will look different for each

22 You don’t discover yo

plant.” 20 The basic concept comes down to is

somebody else’s practice

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Church

SEE?

el you want. A lot of new

Christ. Models that are studied or applied should

sed on what others are

only confirm the direction the Holy Spirit has you

ion or a negative reaction

thinking towards.

he question should not be

ut what should I be doing?

ch cloning, and it’s always

It’s less about new ideas and more about revealed

epending on the context.

ideas. We need to see the church to build it. The

ourself through applying

real question is what church do you see? Whatever

but through the person of

church you see, it has to be:

05

01

God’s CHURCH

This church has to have the values and priorities

people’s lives.

that God’s church should have. The aim of every

●● The scattered churc

church is the growth of disciples and reaching the

people for Christ.

lost. As mentioned before, the church has two basic

We need to be bu

subsets:

of the church at the same

●● The gathered church: about transformation of

be asking the question w

people free but also determine whether the church

ch: about reaching new

is restricted to just the Sunday. The church needs to be activated during the week. The Church is

uilding these two aspects

active 24 hours a day, 7 days a week as a scattered

time. We need to not only

church that has empowered its members in the

whether our services set

marketplace.

06

02

The CHURCH within y

God has called you to specifically start your church.

calling (this also involves

Too many people are trying to build someone else’s

and the culture you are m

church, but those who are starting a new location need to build the church within them. The two most

We so quickly get caught

essential dictates to the church within you are your

the Gospel is radical. Jesu

you

s personality and giftings)

ministering to.

norms; not the moral norms; but cultural norms. He shifted the status quo when it came to kingdom fruitfulness. I believe the church can do so much

t in religious restraint, but

more when we just release the gifts in people’s

us is radical. He broke the

lives.

07

03

A New-day CHURCH

The term, or idea of ‘new day’ churches has become

is that God wants new an

an area of disagreement and confusion among the

and to have new wine we

contemporary Church. ‘New day’ could mean one

we assume that the grea

thing in one location and something completely

linked with the relative po

different in another location. What it comes down to

we must see and unders

nd fresh wine in churches,

the new wineskin concerning God’s time clock is

e need new wineskins. If

commensurate of the reaching of cities and nations.

at harvest on the Earth is

Churches can quickly get old and promptly get

osture of the Church, then

stuck, but there is a new day Church.

stand how the arrival of

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C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

When these THREE aspec the Church ALL line up, y got a POWERFUL combin Whether a church is new day or not determines

all line up then you’ve got

whether it is still relevant and moving forward. We

Typically, when a church i

don’t aim to be relevant merely for relevance sake,

one of these aspects is ab

or to be contemporary, or to be trendy. But we strive to be relevant so we can be effective and maintain

On the topic of New Day C

longevity.

it very important for chu

of the current Church tren Everything God is doing has fresh life on it. But if we

pastor of Connexus Churc

don’t move on then things will die. We have to keep

need for change is more u

current on God’s calendar, to be a seeker of God

is arguably changing faste

and observer of all things global. New situations

ago,” 23 and that “church

require change and new thought processes and

touch never touch the cul

responses. This is the heart of new day churches.

the point that churches w

their current context need When these three aspects of the church – God’s

only is trending in their cu

church, the church within you, the new day church,

in church life. Trends in ch

cts of you’ve nation.

t a powerful combination.

is struggling it is because

bsent or doesn’t line up.

Churches, we have found

urch leaders to be aware

nds. Carey Nieuwhof, the

ch in the US, argues “the

urgent because our culture

er than it was even a year

h leaders who are out of

lture.” 24 This emphasises

with the intent of reaching

d to be aware of not what

ulture but what is trending

hurch life, while remaining

“The need for change is more urgent because our culture is arguably changing faster than it w even a year ago�.

was

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biblically sound, are what have been found to be effective in following and impacting the trends of our current day. Irrelevance is inevitable if change inside the church isn’t equal or greater to change outside the church. 25 So we restate the idea that we don’t seek to be relevant for relevance sake, but for the sake of effectiveness.

After some degree of researching the current trends in church life, we have found that they can usually be divided into three main headings; Congregations and Services, New Locations, and Ministry.

01

CO N G R E GATI O N S & S E RV I C E S

The basic idea behind this significant trend is that the current population worldwide is undergoing significant changes, thus so are our congregations, and we have to be also changing our services to cater to these changes.

Current church attendance patterns have been shifting. Church attendance has now become a fringe activity to the point that committed Christians are even attending less.26 Church services now

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C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

usually only consist of the engaged and the curious. 27

literal doors they need to

This has therefore changed the way many churches

can only happen in person

do their services. The emphasis of church services

34 Overall modern church

has now been on engagement over attendance.

a deeper authenticity, de

“Wise leaders have stopped trying to attract people

love and greater hope. 35

and started trying to engage people. Engagement

attend church through pe

will become the new growth engine in the future church.” 28 Many churches have undergone drastic

A final congregation tren

changes to become more personal and authentic

of diversity. In the past,

in their experience. Reaching people has become

for church was a hom

more than just doing what you do with excellence.

approach. This was quite s

29 ‘Cool church’, has been described as consisting

reach those who are simila

of contemporary music, flashy lights, haze and

to come to Christ without

other production flair is now being overcome by

barriers that are racial, so

a raw authenticity from the leaders who strive to

as we have seen, commu

reach people for the Gospel. 30 This has resulted in

changing. Fewer neighbo

worship centres being downsized to small or mid-

38 and there has been a

size 31 and new processes and systems to connect

multicultural and multi-e

people faster, while respecting the individual’s own

A church that has increa

pace. 32 Together these aspects bring about a more

long run, be harder and

intimate and personal church experience.

better reflection of the Kin

DeYmaz, founding pastor o It would be good to note the growth of church

Mosaic, Arkansas, comme

online. In itself, it isn’t bad and has become an

“At the end of the day th

advancement of the Church, 33 but this means if

but accommodation roote

Church leaders want people coming through their

41

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discover what experience

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N E W LO CATI O N S

n and seek to provide this.

h members are looking for

eeper community, deeper

The process of starting new locations has now

5 People now usually only

become much more intentional, technical and

ersonal invitation. 36

strategic. The more strategic approach has therefore produced a plethora of models that

nd to note is the increase

are available to choose from according to one’s

the predominant model

style, giftings, context and resources. Although

mogenous, monocultural

it is a trend, it is one that needs to be balanced.

successful as it’s easier to

As explored in previous chapters, to start a new

ar to us and people prefer

location is a spiritual journey, not just a technical

t also having to cross the

one. “Tools and principles are to equip and aid a

ocial and economic. 37 But

church planter, not be an idol or saviour.” 42

unity cultures have been

ourhoods are monoethnic,

Aligned with the increase of intentionality is the idea

an increase of multiracial,

that churches are now seeking to bring church to

ethnic church plants. 39

the people. New day churches are intentional with

ased diversity may, in the

reaching the unchurched, and rather than letting

slower to grow but it’s a

people seek out the church they are making church

ngdom of God. 40 As Mark

go to the people. This is outworked in various

of the multi-ethnic church,

aspects of starting new locations including the

ents on this trend saying,

trend of becoming more urban. Larger proportions

he goal is not assimilation

of populations are moving back into the cities,

ed in sound ecclesiology.”

and as churches need to follow people, more new locations are now focused on the city. 43 Tim Keller,

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C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

the founding pastor of Redeemer Presbyterian

local communities beyond

Church, NYC, says, “Every major city is now a

buildings.” 48 More churc

portal for reaching the nations of the world. In other

in local community spac

words, one of the very best ways to reach the far

town halls, theatres etc.

parts of the world is to reach your own city… You

still being built, they will

can’t reach the city from the suburbs, but you can

simpler but also multi-p

reach to suburbs from the city.” 44

community. 50 These aspec

significant ‘neighbourhoo Multisite has recently been the largest trend, so

intentionality not only to

much so that it’s not only just for the ‘big churches’

neighbourhoods as mo

but smaller churches are more likely to start multiple

beginning to learn that a

locations now too. The trend has now progressed

city are found in its neigh

towards Microsite and Portable churches. Microsite

communities.

locations can send services to people who might not be able to attend their local church, 45 and can

Lastly, a trend to note

do so in a way that takes church further, faster

is the increase of church

and cheaper than a standard multisite strategy.

acquisitions. The death

46 Similar to microsite are portable churches: a

the rise, specifically in w

standard set-up and pack-down system that are

devastating news, but a

launching churches in portable venues rather than

churches are becoming

permanent buildings. 47

them. 51 It has been fou multisite campuses have

On the note of church buildings, these are also

52 Church mergers, rega

changing. “Buildings are no longer the end game,

and difficulty, have transit

but a means to the end of serving and impacting

a viable option.

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d the walls of the church

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M I N I STRY

ches are being launched

ces 49 such as schools,

. If church buildings are

The final core area of new day church trends is

be not only smaller and

found in how churches go about doing ministry. The

purpose and centred on

way churches now do ministry has changed in four

cts together create a more

main areas.

od focus’. This includes an reach a city but specific

The first of these is a renewed emphasis on

ore church leaders are

evangelism. In recent eras of church history there

access and influence in a

was a time of theological recovery, but now we are

hbourhoods and individual

in a position to use these newfound biblical truths in being practical in our outreach. 53 Alongside this is the fact that as more church locations are started the

regarding new locations

need to reach the unchurched is essential because

h adoptions, mergers, or

the alternative is just merely transitioning believers

rate of churches is on

from one church to another. “One day, every church

western nations. This is

will have to learn how to reach unchurched people

at the same time, more

because only unchurched people will be left.” 54

intentional about saving

und that “nearly 40% of

The renewed sense of evangelism and reaching

come through a merger.”

the unchurched has brought about what has been

ardless of their sensitivity

called ‘Kingdom collaboration’. “Church planters will

tioned from a last resort to

be less focused on building their kingdom and more focused on seeing Jesus build God’s Kingdom.”55

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C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

How Churches Do Ministry It’s an approach that requires collaboration,

minded churches and o

innovation and for “church planters to be open-

planting new churches an

handed… share a big vision... and build bridges, not

partnership. 57

walls.” 56 This approach to ministry will soon allow

the crossing of denominations and church tribes

partnership between chur

with the intention of reaching their similar context

seminaries. The intention

for a related cause. This ideology is evident in the

is to integrate theology w

rise of the partnership church-planting model. Like-

are realising that minister

A third trend in th

y

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in the context of a local church, while churches are discovering that training someone theologically is completely different than training someone for practical ministry.” 58 This has led to church taking much more of a biblical and theological approach towards ministry.

The last ministry-related trend is that of

bi-vocation. Bi-vocational ministry in the past has almost been frowned upon and reflected poorly on the church and its pastor - but not anymore. Church leaders are realising the difficulties of leading a church, especially a new location, in becoming selfsufficient, so it has become a much more acceptable and valid method of ministry for such leaders to be bi-vocational. That is, picking up a second job or trade to support themselves, their family, and the church. “Choosing bi-vocational ministry will not be a matter of being out of money, but it will be a matter of being on a specific mission.” 59

organisations have been

What has been explored in the previous

nd locations through their

pages are just some of the trends that are occurring in church life. This list, although we believe to be

he realm of ministry is the

quite extensive, is by no means exhaustive. But the

rches and bible colleges/

underlying principle is that when culture changes

n behind this partnership

we should also change how we do church. “The

with practice. “Seminaries

world is changing, and the future is now; this affects

rial training happens best

any move you make as a church planter.” 60

13

New LOCATIONS

The literal ‘how’ of starting a new location can be broken down into seven dis discipleship and finances. Each aspect needs to be considered as a part of

stinct areas. These include leadership, teams, location, launch, services, the whole.

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C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

LEADE Just as there are many models for starting a new

of starting the new locati

location, there are also a variety of leadership

experiment and birth new

structures to choose from and that need to be

structures as we continu

considered before starting a new location. The

Day Church’. Keeping th

leadership structure of a new location is dependent

leadership structures hav

on the personality, giftings, and abilities of the

common and useful in st

leader. “The call of God and His provision of spiritual

analysed in Planting Mi

gifts will determine how each church planter

include leadership model

accomplishes the work of starting new churches.”61

Planter, Founding Pastor, a

Again, there should be no restriction to what model

The apostolic church pla

or leadership structure is utilised in the process

also called pioneering chu

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ERSHIP

ion. Instead it is good to

where the leader “goes to an area, plants a church,

w methods and leadership

calls out and trains a new planter (leader), then

ue to seek out the ‘New

leaves to plant another church.” 64 This leadership

hat in mind, three major

model has been widely used and has seen effective

ve been noted to be most

results in the history of the Church. “This paradigm

tarting new locations. As

can be seen in the rapid growth of the Methodist

issional Churches, these

and Baptist denominations in nineteenth-century

ls of an Apostolic Church

America.” 65 It is usually self-initiated and innovative

and Team Planting. 62

because of these reasons. The new location starter needs to be quite independent and entrepreneurial.

anting leadership model,

Typically, there is no core team, just the church

urch planting, 63 is merely

planter and their family. The heart behind this

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C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

leadership structure is to develop core members

The church planter still rai

and a new leader through relational methods

new leaders relationally

including evangelism and discipleship.

discipleship, but there isn senior leadership. In the

This method of producing a new leader to take over

very much a “church plante

the location includes the process of what is called

is to be a long-term pasto

“phase-out”. “Phasing-out involves the team making

of this original intention, th

planned role changes throughout the stages. The

more relational, and peo

team should work to empower the new church to

remain as pastor of the

stand on its own through the Word, the Spirit and

he’s a pastor with a missi

the church’s leaders.” 66 Ideally, the new leader is

a missionary with a pasto

developed from the new locations context, but if

explore later, churches th

needed there is no shortage of pastors seeking a

grow and multiply. Henc

church to pastor. Once the new location has been

structure produces a hea

developed with core teams and new leadership,

the leader will produce ne

then a transition occurs as the original leader seeks

may be sent out to plant a

to go and personally start another new location.

The third common leade The second leadership structure is that of the

planting. This structure is

‘founding pastor.’ This process has been found to

in modern church plantin

be the most common model in North America. 67 In

believers usually from

respect to the start-up of the location, it’s very much

church going to another

similar to the apostolic church planter approach,

location. This team can ha

but the difference is found in the transition process.

Firstly, the team has a c

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PLANT

ises up the core team and

secondly, the whole team has equal authority.

through evangelism and

Often a key difference with this structure is that

n’t usually a transition in

the new location started isn’t in a vastly different

beginning, the starter is

geographic location to the ‘mother’ church; thus

er”, although the intention

why this structure is very commonly used for the

or of the church. Because

increasing popular multisite model. Since there is

he leader is typically much

no delay in developing leaders and core team this

ople focused, they “will

leadership structure allows new locations to start

original church because

up much quicker. Furthermore, it allows for a good

ionary’s heart rather than

division of gifts that can complement each other

or’s heart.” 68 As we will

and make this new location more effective in their

hat are healthy will ideally

new environment. This leadership structure works

ce if such a leadership

best when most of the team is bi-vocational and

althy location then ideally

when the model is similar, though never identical,

ew leaders, some of which

to that of the ‘mother’ church as this is the context

another location.

the team is already conditioned to operate. 69

ership structure is team

“Maybe you fit into one of the categories, or maybe

s gaining a lot of traction

you see yourself as a combination of these models

ng. It involves a group of

(or leadership structures). The call of God and His

an already established

provision of spiritual gifts will determine how each

location to start a new

church planter accomplishes the work of starting

ave one of two dynamics.

new churches.” 70

chosen senior leader, or

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C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

TEA Whether a team is started from the ground up, or

journey of producing an e

already implemented into the model, it is essential

church. The kingdom of G

for the starting of a new location. How to start

on partnership and com

healthy and effective teams is something that all

always been a team sport.

church planters need to be familiar with. Although

vision, but the team is the

again the kind of model or leadership structure that

in place.

is being utilised will affect the dynamics of the team

for the new location.

a location in a new comm

Typically looks like a start-u

The key idea though is that as a church

The first team mo

planter you can’t do this on your own. But rather

location as we looked at

any new location needs a faithful team to go on the

called believer typically go

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AM

effective and healthy new

with the intention of starting a new location. Then

God places great emphasis

through intentional evangelism and discipleship, a

mmunity, as “ministry has

core team will be built out of these new members.

.� 71 A leader might hold a

This core team development is of course before

glue that holds the vision

the launch of the new location and its first service.

The risks of this method, though, do need to be

odel is related to starting

considered. For starters, the core team of a new

munity from the ground up.

location might not be tested or trained in proper

up model of starting a new

ministry, and thus the launch will demand quite a

in previous segments. A

oes to a new environment

large degree of trust.

Conversely, there is a different model

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C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

when a team is built into

location. Usually, a metho

or multiplication church m

being developed out o members. This way the

usually already proven m

church’s DNA built into th

This way it does elimina

a team from scratch, wh

although it is good to ack

For instance, some new l

too heavy on their prepar

in evangelism or disciples

the growth of this new loc

A key part of building

Volunteers are what mak

effectively. In many cas

exclusively on staff mem

the church. As will be e

life cycle when the ratio o

the rise then conversely t

the church are on the po location expects the staff will the church members,

participation will decline. T

realm of volunteers, but le

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PLANT

o the launch of the new

means less general church participation and then

od employed by multisite

inevitably less participation in ministry. Mentalities

models. It involves a team

such as ‘the senior pastor is the only minister’ or

of the ‘mother’ church’s

‘I’m only here to receive’ might then take root in the

core team members are

church.

ministers and will have the

heir methods and lifestyle.

From the beginning of a new location, there needs

ate the need for building

to be an expectation that members serve. “Expect

hich is a big advantage,

them to serve, and then help them get connected.”

knowledge its challenges.

72 An increase of volunteers will not only make

location starters may rely

services run smoother but will also cause church

red team and not engage

members to embrace the new locations vision,

ship, which is essential for

outworking it in their personal lives, resulting

cation.

in greater location growth. Increased volunteer engagement is a win-win for everyone, and we

any team is volunteers.

need to recognise its importance in all locations,

ke any good church run

new or old.

ses, churches often rely

mbers to build and carry

explored in the church’s

of staff to volunteer is on

the growth and impact of

otential decline. If a new to carry the load then so and in this way, volunteer

A key part of building any team is volunteers.

This impact isn’t only in the

ess volunteer participation

18

C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

LOCA When starting up a new church, the location is a

If someone is still quite un

very important consideration.

the new location, it’s recom

“When a church tries to reach everyone, they rarely

groups who are both unen

connect with anyone effectively. On the other

the Gospel should be the c

hand, when they focus on whom they are trying to

to start new locations first

reach, they can get very intentional and effective in reaching that person. Ironically, they often reach

Once those who are star

all kinds of people in the process.� 73 So for the

settled on a location, or

sake of effectiveness and spreading the gospel

them (possibly in the insta

we recommend the target audience is determined

planting model), then a to

before launch.

for further planning is the

CHAPTER 03

PLANT

ATION

nsure of where to position

location snapshot aims to provide information on

mmended that the people

population, culture, ethnicity, history, median age,

ngaged and unreached by

socio-economic status and issues or problems

communities that we seek

relevant to the local area as well as any other

t.

information or data that may assist in creating and launching a healthy new congregation, or new

rting a new location have

campus. “Sometimes we assume we know our

r it has been chosen for

little corner of the map simply because we live

ance of a multisite church

there. But invariably, as people get their hands on a

ool that is incredibly useful

community profile, they’re likely surprised on many

e ‘location snapshot’. The

fronts by the information they find.” 74

19

C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

A final note on the top

practicalities of the venue and new community of

for their worship service

we have noted under the

Church Trends’ church bu

way churches operate the

rapidly in recent decad

venues have decreased in

number of locations. Thes

multi-purpose and are n

church buildings of the p

now often placed in com more regularly meeting in

movie theatres, warehouse

did a study on the growth o

City and stated in their art announce their presence

and freshly painted whit city’s most prominent and

even have a permanent lo

tacked on the front. Churc gloss.� 75

One explanation

between the increase in p and the increasing prices

many churches attempt t

CHAPTER 03

PLANT

pic of location is on the

city, they are usually initially unable to afford the

e where the new location

steep city prices and thus find creative ways to reach

believers are to gather

the communities of the city still. “How can churches

es or other activities. As

quickly and effectively launch new campuses and

e segment on ‘New Day

new churches when the costs, upkeep, and space

uildings/facilities and the

limitations of permanent campuses sometimes

eir services have changed

get in the way? The solution: they rent alternative

des. For starters, church

venues in the communities they want to reach.” 76

n size as they increase the

These changes have produced stunning results. It

se locations are now often

has been reported that churches in the US alone

not the more traditional

that have a higher public presence experience a

past. Church locations are

higher attendance. Churches that have a public

mmunities. Churches are

presence consistently have double the attendance

locations such as schools,

compared to those who don’t. 77 Multisite church

es etc. Relevant Magazine

consultant Jim Tomberlin says, “buildings don’t

of Christianity in New York

reach people, people reach people,” 78 and as more

ticle that, “Churches don’t

churches are becoming aware of this there is less of

with sprawling campuses

an emphasis on the need for large church buildings.

te steeples. Many of the

As we continually look to Jesus as an

influential churches don’t

example, we can see that “He (Jesus) modelled

ocation – much less a sign

meeting with people wherever necessary to teach

ch here is more bare than

them about the Kingdom of God,”79 so when considering the practicalities of the location of a

for this trend is a link

new service don’t be restricted by what has been

people moving to the city

done or what is being done, but rather think outside

of inner-city buildings. As

the box and be creative in reaching your specific

to follow people into the

community with the news of the Kingdom of God.

20

C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

LAUN The launch is very much the moment that all new

●● Pastor to lead

location starters look forward to from the beginning.

●● People to follow

Before the official launch of a new location, we

●● Place to meet

believe there are six “P’s” that act as a checklist to

In regards to the structure

ensure a better and more effective launch.

location, there are typical

The six “P’s” of launching are: 80

down and bottom-up. 81

●● Prayer to precede ●● Provision to start

The top-down approach is

●● Programming to deliver

formal worship service str

CHAPTER 03

PLANT

NCH developing the new location out of this. Sometimes it could just look like a predetermined core team running another church service at a new location.

e of the launch of the new

This kind of launch requires efficient planning

lly two approaches – top-

and quality execution, but it should be noted that a launch-big method has produced churches that are bigger compared to those that didn’t. 82 The

s distinguished by having a

danger of this method though is to skip much of the

raight from the get-go and

preparation phase and just jump

21

C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

straight into starting an identical service in another

are many different recom

location. It has the potential to be then not be as

team members are availa

effective, as every culture is different and thus

members there are. What

every new location needs to be different to cater to

guide is a max of 10:1 reg

its audience.

to team members. 84 An

potentially not sufficiently Alternatively, is the bottom-up approach. This

Regardless of the metho

approach to launching has the new location starter

the new location there

begin with evangelism. Then out of the fruit of this

developed not only for t

evangelism – salvations and discipleship – a core

post-launch as well. A tim

team is developed. As more disciples are made, a

and a process that ensu

bible-study, or connect group, is formed which then

service occurs as best a

ideally multiplies into more connect groups. As the

organisational concerns in

number of believers and disciples continue to grow,

that is prepared and se

it eventually reaches a point where firstly there are

awareness of the launchin

enough people to join together as a fellowship and

Team development includ

secondly, it’s deemed necessary for them to gather

●● Interest nights: the

together formally. The core idea behind this launch

location is about is t

style is that the group of believers begin to self-

interested and any po

identify and gather together as a local church. 83

●● Core team nights: cu

basic roles are determ Something to keep in mind for both these methods

●● Pre-launch services:

is what is called the “crowd-to-core” ratio. There

the proper launch se

CHAPTER 03

mmendations of how many

PLANT

analyse flow and effectiveness of the service

able to how many church

t we believe to be a good

Awareness for the launch can be created through:

garding church members

●● Advertising

ny more and you could

Mail-outs might seem a bit out-dated, but it’s

y cater to each member.

still proven that average worship attendance is

od that is employed for

consistently higher for those churches who do

needs to be a timeline

participate in mail-outs85

the launch but pre- and

●● Marketing

meline provides structure

●● Preview services (these could be the same

ures the launch of a new

as the pre-launch services that are used to

as possible. A couple of

develop the team)

nclude developing a team

●● Social Media

econdly to create public

ng of a new location.

Social media now plays a larger part in people’s

des events such as:

worlds than ever before, and the church not only

vision of what the new

needs to recognise that but utilise it. The harsh

taught to those who are

news is that a social media presence can make or

otential team members

break a new location. “Social media is no longer a

ulture is developed, and

fad. It’s established in our culture. And new church

mined a run-through of what

plants should do everything they can to engage the public in this forum.” 86

ervice will be; essential to

22

C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

SERV The weekly worship service has always been the

run services well so that th

‘pièce de résistance’ of any church. The church,

maximised in our churche

of course, consists of more than just services,

but the services we have are very important and

There are three core com

should be treated with high priority. If leadership

value, intention, creative f

is the foundation of the church, and ministry is the

These components are:

A service needs

face, then services are the most prominent aspect of the face as they are what visitors see first. The

01

STR E ET TO S

heart of all that we do on weekends is to create an environment for people to encounter God. Because of this, we need to be well skilled in the

This experience in itself c

art of running good meetings. We need to learn to

areas – the welcome, the

CHAPTER 03

PLANT

VICES

he work of the Kingdom is

es.

The welcome comes in many forms and fronts throughout every stage of the service. From the “I

to be viewed holistically.

know where to park” welcome, to the “what do I do

mponents that are equal in

with my kids?” welcome, to the “what do I do before

focus, and investment.

the service?” And all the way to the “I’m here to help” – not “I’m here to know everything about your life” welcome. We need to develop a community

S E AT

that isn’t overwhelming but inviting enough that members are encouraged to invite their friends and family. “Part of a church’s task of sensitivity to

can be broken into three

unbelievers is simply making them feel wanted and

vibe, and the seating.

welcome.” 87 “Stop judging, start loving. Very few

23

C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

02

people get judged into life change; many of us get

S E RV I C E

loved into life change. Start with judgement, and they’re gone.” 88

The topic of how to run a g

is commonly talked abou The next part is the vibe. We want people to arrive

is probably the reason wh

into a pre-service atmosphere that is already

in fact not run well. The se

created. The vibe is developed through intentional

involve three main areas –

arrival and entrance spaces that are beautiful,

preaching.

connective and well thought through. Creating a sense of atmosphere and community is aided

Production value plays an

through the use of good coffee and food. The lively

of the service. With a mode

atmosphere is through sounds not silence, and

interacts with sights and s

people over empty spaces.

your services can keep o

We are not encouraging l The last aspect is finding a seat. Seating plans that

that in itself limits the repr

are properly outworked are a good way to create

new locations, but we do

the overall atmosphere and feel of a service. If

starters to keep the idea

possible have fewer seats – empty seats discourage

Production involves light

not only the leader but also the congregation. The

sound.

best outcome is to have roughly the same number of people in the meeting space as seats. There

There are varying views o

is nothing more demoralising and atmosphere-

Whether the meetings sho

draining than too many empty seats.

or that they should be dar

CHAPTER 03

PLANT

But at the end of the day, you have to determine what works for your venue, culture, stage of church life, and for individual services. Whatever the style,

good service isn’t one that

you need to think about and be aware of lighting

ut, and this, unfortunately,

and to use it to create the appropriate atmosphere.

hy too many services are

Keeping this in mind there are two main parts of

ervices themselves usually

lighting:

– production, worship and

●● The auditorium ●● The stage Use appropriate lighting for both these parts. Stay

integral role in the quality

away from fluorescent lights and rather seek lighting

ern community that largely

that is bright yet pleasing to the eye. Lighting may

sounds, the production of

also change throughout a service. From arrival, to

or lose church attendees.

praise, to worship, and to end in the preach and

large-scale production, as

altar call.

roducibility and start-up of

Next to be considered is the media content of

o encourage new location

a service. The media content that your location

a of production in mind.

presents to the audience will represent the culture

ting, media content, and

and quality of your location. For media content to be effective, it needs to have good projection, and good quality content and design. Particularly

on the lighting of a service.

regarding videos, message title screens and

ould be well lit for visibility,

scriptures. Reliable and fast screen operators, who

rker for mood and privacy.

understand the aim of screens, are essential to a service.

24

C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

Lastly comes the issue of sound production. The

Someone who leads

key to good sound is to create impact without being

where the worship le

too loud. Sound needs to be clear and easy to listen

the meeting needs to

to. So, you will need to invest in not only quality

helpful.

sound equipment but also well-trained and servanthearted sound engineers.

●● Worship leaders ne

engaging. This usua

leader keeping thei Connective and engaging worship is critical to great

awkward segues, bein

church services. A few key elements that are vital to achieving this include:

“Every worship time, rega

●● Quality of the music. If something is off key,

should emerge from the

offbeat or poor quality, then it doesn’t help the

rest solely on His Word.” 8

audience engage in worship.

worship and preaching ov

●● More isn’t always better. Sometimes less is

engaging in worship and

more. Have less and better-qualified musicians

of the Word of God. The

rather than just trying to ‘use’ everyone. If

it’s an authentic, engag

possible train them in other settings.

word that is theologicall

●● Some meetings can be paired back to an

relevant. “In a new chur

acoustic set. It’s not about loudness but impact

simple but not simplistic.

and passion

not only for information bu

●● Musicians and singers need to not use music

The preacher may impre

and lyric sheets when possible. The focus

theological truths that offe

should not be on their instrument but rather on

preacher may help transfo

bringing life to the meeting. The passion, life,

Christ’s life-changing pres

movement and facial expressions are what will create life, engagement and atmosphere. ●● If possible use music directors in all meetings.

A few tips to keep in mind ●● Shorter is better than

CHAPTER 03

the band and interprets

eader, meeting leader and go. Leaderless music isn’t

PLANT

●● Bible-based, without being Bible college ●● Keep it relevant ●● Find your style and be confident in it ●● Be prepared but keep it simple

eed to be skilled and

●● Have fun!

ally involves the worship

ir eyes open, avoiding

At the end of every preach it is essential for there to

ng bold as well as relaxed.

be a call to response. This might be a call to current believers to repent from current living or a shift in

ardless of stylistic content,

their thinking or lifestyle. But the most important

e leadership of God and

call to response is that of an altar call. An altar

89 This is the point where

call is a call for someone to respond to the Gospel,

verlap. There is a time for

to accept Christ into his or her heart and make a

a time for the preaching

commitment to being a believer. An altar call is the

e key to preaching is that

pinnacle of the service. It is what the whole service

ging delivery of a timely

is leading up to, and as Phil Pringle states, “I will

ly sound and powerfully

never not have that moment when a person has the

rch preaching should be

opportunity to receive Christ.” 91

The scriptures are given

ut also for transformation.

Church services are not only to enable believers

ess listeners with arcane

to connect with God through worship and

er no life and hope, or the

preaching of the Word, but services are also to

orm lives with the truths of

allow non-believers and visitors to observe and

sence.” 90

seek out a personal relationship with God. The overall challenge for the services is to create an

d regarding preaching are: longer

atmosphere that is appropriate for believers and comprehensible to unbelievers. 92 An essential way

25

C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

to do this is to seek to el

can be done by planning

run sheets. To some pe

we are restricting the m

what we are doing is setti

service to seamlessly flow

eliminates awkward segue

creates a comfortable and To achieve this, we need

leaders. To be able to tra

the audience is essential fo or lead from the stage.

03

S E AT TO STR

What happens after the se

as everything that happen service. The ‘fellowship’ spiritual as anything that

We must recognise this a

the time and attention it re

If people aren’t staying

connect, then there is a

service missing. If you are

contacts after the servic

focused on that aim then w

CHAPTER 03

PLANT

liminate distractions. This

and we are not building the church. As soon as the

g your services and using

‘service’ finishes, atmosphere for connecting needs

eople, it might seem like

to be created immediately.

movement of God. Rather

ing up boundaries for the

This looks like:

w and move in a way that

●● Music to create atmosphere

es, transitions, and overall

●● The team goes to ‘work’ to connect and not

d welcoming environment. to train capable meeting

ansition well and engage

or anyone who is to speak

form cliques ●● Connective spaces go into immediate action (coffee, food, etc.) ●● Intentionality to connect with visitors but don’t bombard and overwhelm them. Modern church attendees are a mix of people who want to be

R E ET

noticed and those who don’t. We have to learn how to cater and connect with both groups.

ervice is just as important

ns during and before the after the meeting is as happens in the meeting.

and give the post-service

equires.

g around afterwards to

an important part of the

e not creating meaningful

What happens after the service is just as important!

ce and if your team isn’t

we have just ‘had’ church,

26

C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

DISCIPL God wants His people to progress and develop.

in darkness, God function

As leaders, we are ‘growth agents’, stimulators of

His people seeing the fut

growth in people’s lives. We are part of the catalyst

We can help them both

for development in the lives of our people. “If you

pathways.

plant churches, you might get disciples, but if you make disciples, you always get the church.” 93 Thus

There are at least eigh

why discipleship is so important in the life of any new

Every person starts his or

location. We, as leaders, need to provide pathways

These people equate to t

of progression for people so they can see where

Testament. They are peop

they are going, and how they are going to get there.

Once they meet Christ, the

As people see these pathways, a renewed sense

of God as a believer. Th

of purpose and hope fills them. The devil functions

Jesus represent believing

CHAPTER 03

PLANT

LESHIP

ns in the light. God wants

committed to a local body. Their development can’t

ture that He has for them.

progress until they have planted in the House of

see and discover these

God. At this point, they become an active member of the Body of Christ represented by the local church.

ht levels of progression.

r her journey in the world.

Many believers stop moving forward at this point,

the multitudes in the New

remaining church members and nothing more.

ple who don’t know God.

Church members who don’t develop further can

ey enter into the Kingdom

become a challenge to the vision of the church.

he crowds that followed

They sometimes develop agendas and a controlling

g people who haven’t yet

sense of ownership. They need to move

27

C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

We Are ‘Growth Agents’. to the next level - servanthood. When a person

serving the world. Servant

becomes a servant, they are beginning to move

whereas attendees simply

into effective, and fruitful Kingdom living. Servants

discipleship is the journey

build the church by serving the vision and by

church members on - a jo

(i) Matthew 28:16-20

CHAPTER 03

PLANT

leads to servanthood. In the Great Commission, Jesus commanded us to make disciples, not just be disciples. (i) So, we need to “expose new Christians to the love of God and community, to great teaching, great relationships, and solid accountability and over time, many will grow into very different people than they were when they first came to Christ.” 94

New congregations need to be intentional about creating an on-going spiritual formation process.

As is to be done by creating the right environments, content, opportunities, and a congregational culture where discipleship is a core value.

When it comes to discipleship, we need to continually come back to the overall purpose of developing people to become more Christ-like. To pick up the challenge that was put out by German Theologian Dietrick Bonhoeffer - “we must, therefore, attempt to recover a true understanding of the mutual

ts bring people to church,

relation between grace and discipleship... It is

y look for their seat. This

becoming clearer every day that the most urgent

y we want to be taking our

problem besetting our Church is this: How can we

ourney of discipleship that

live the Christian life in the modern world?” 95

28

C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

FINAN All churches, no matter how large or small, have one

enough need, you don’t h

thing in common. They never have enough money.

needs to be a greater nee

No matter how great the leader, how prosperous the congregation, or how large the offerings; the

“To grow your church a

church will never have enough.

sized (not man-sized) visio

This is the nature of vision. Any great leader has

need your people to bec

more vision than money. In fact, it is not only the

this journey… no money e

nature of vision but also the nature of faith. Faith requires need. You could say that if you don’t have

One of the major abilities

CHAPTER 03

PLANT

NCES

have enough vision. There

the ability to raise money. Bill Hybels, founding and

ed.

senior pastor of William Creek Community Church, US, believes that it is the greatest responsibility of

and accomplish the God-

any leader to raise money, and is the hallmark of

on you’ve been given, you

their leadership. Not preaching or teaching, moving

come financial partners in

in gifts, or gathering crowds, but raising money.

equals a stalled vision.� 96

s of any church builder is

Tithes and offerings, building funds, and love offerings will generate a large proportion of your

29

C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

total income. These are the vehicles that we use

to be tracked as accurate

to gather the finance to facilitate the ministries in

include:

our churches. We need to make sure that we are

I N CO M E

maximising these opportunities and learn the skills to inspire our people in giving.

The first key to church finances is found in the

•

Tithes + Offerings

budget. “A reasonable budget is your ministry’s

•

Donations

lifeblood. It’s how you ensure that the resources

•

Investments

you need to fulfil your mission aren’t eaten up by

•

Building funds

everyday urgencies… next to your mission, there’s

E X PE N S E S

probably no other document that needs your pastoral leadership like the budget.” 97 A budget is simply keeping track of money coming in and money going out. This administration work is what

•

Facilities

provides the church with its freedom to operate

•

Staff

effectively in their mission and outwork their vision

•

Ministry expenses

without the restraints of debt of financial stress.

•

Savings

To have an effective budget the income (money

As simple as it is, the bo

coming in) and expenses (money going out) need

is that the income need

ely as possible. These can

ottom line of the budget

CHAPTER 03

PLANT

expenses. The budget though isn’t just merely practical but also spiritual. The budget is a faithfilled document. If goals are clear in mind, then it will cause you to focus on faith.

The beginning of a new location, as we can see, has a multitude of aspects. These all need to be done well, and an overreliance on one aspect or a disregard of another is what could cause the collapse of any new location. We have attempted to cover this topic as broadly as possible while trying to provide a certain degree of depth. There are many more resources readily available (each section has a reference section at the end) to any keen new location starters. We acknowledge that starting a new church isn’t merely a physical or mental endeavour, but rather is largely a spiritual one. So, anyone who seeks to start a new location where possible should only do so under pastoral support and further guidance.

ds to be greater than the

30

C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

References 1

Ed Stetzer. “Finding the R

Model: An Introduction to

1).” The Exchange | A Blog b

October 25, 2017. http://ww

com/edstetzer/2015/july/fi

model-introduction-to-chu 2

Stetzer, Planting Missiona

3

Stetzer, “Finding the Rig

An Introduction to Church 4

Stetzer, Planting Mission

5

Jayson D. Bradley. “The

Planting Models.” eChurch 6

Ed Stetzer. “Finding the

Model: The Traditional Mo

Exchange | A Blog by Ed Ste

25, 2017. http://www.christ

edstetzer/2015/august/fin

planting-model-part-2-trad

CHAPTER 03

PLANT

s.

Right Church Plant

7

Ed Stetzer. “Finding the Right Church Planting

Church Models (Part

Model: Launch Big Model (Part 3).” The Exchange

by Ed Stetzer. Accessed

| A Blog by Ed Stetzer. Accessed October 25, 2017.

ww.christianitytoday.

http://www.christianitytoday.com/edstetzer/2015/

finding-right-church-plant-

august/finding-right-church-planting-model-launch-

urch-mod.html.

big-model-part-3.html.

al Churches, 60

8

Bradley, “The 8 Types of Church Planting

ght Church Plant Model:

Models”

h Models (Part 1)”

9

nal Churches, 60

Model Part 6: The Multi-Site/Satellite Model.”

e 8 Types of Church

The Exchange | A Blog by Ed Stetzer. Accessed

h.

October 25, 2017. http://www.christianitytoday.

Right Church Plant

odel (Part 2).” The

Ed Stetzer. “Finding the Right Church Planting

com/edstetzer/2015/august/finding-right-churchplanting-model-part-6-multi-site-satel.html.

etzer. Accessed October

10

tianitytoday.com/

Models”

nding-right-church-

ditional.html.

11

Bradley, “The 8 Types of Church Planting

Stetzer, “Finding the Right Church Planting

Model Part 6: The Multi-Site/Satellite Model.”

31

C 3 X P R E S S C O U R S E M A N UA L

12

Bradley, “The 8 Types o

Models” 13

Stetzer, Planting Mission

14

Ibid, 91

15

Ed Stetzer. “Finding the

Planting Model Part 5: The

Church Approach.” The Ex Stetzer. Accessed October

christianitytoday.com/edst

finding-right-church-planti house-ch.html.

16

Bradley, “The 8 Types o

Models” 17

Stetzer, Planting Mission

18

Jonny Woodrow. “Mode

Part 1.” Acts 29. Accessed O

www.acts29.com/modelspart-1/.

CHAPTER 03

of Church Planting

nal Churches, 91

e Right Church

19

Ibid

20

Breen, “Church Planting 101 for the Modern

Missional Community” 21

Ibid

22

Steve Timmis. “7 Key Principles for Planters.”

e Organic House

Acts 29. Accessed October 25, 2017. http://www.

xchange | A Blog by Ed

acts29.com/7-key-principles-for-planters/.

25, 2017. http://www.

23

tetzer/2015/august/

That Will Rule 2017.” CareyNieuwhof.com, January

ing-model-part-5-organic-

3, 2017. Accessed October 13, 2017. https://

of Church Planting

PLANT

Carey Nieuwhof. “6 Disruptive Church Trends

careynieuwhof.com/6-disruptive-church-trendsthat-will-rule-2017/.

24

Carey Nieuwhof. “10 Things That Demonstrate

nal Churches, 91

The World You Grew Up In No Longer Exists.”

els of Church Planting:

CareyNieuwhof.com, December 28, 2016. Accessed

October 13, 2017. http://

October 25, 2017. https://careynieuwhof.com/10-

-of-church-planting-

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Carey Nieuwhof. “5 Disr

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portablechurch.com. “7 Sm

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Nieuwhof, “10 Things Th

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Thom S. Rainer. “Ten Ma

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portablechurch.com. “7 Smart Trends Successful

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PLANT

Nieuwhof, “5 Disruptive Church Trends That Will

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Nieuwhof. “6 Disruptive Church Trends That Will

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mart Trends Successful

36

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ablechurch.com/2016/

37 portablechurch.com. “7 Smart Trends Successful

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38 Stetzer, Planting Missional Churches, 111

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e Church Trends That Will

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39 Ed Stetzer. “5 Future Trends of Church Planting.”

The Exchange | A Blog by Ed Stetzer. Accessed October 25, 2017. http://www.christianitytoday

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40 portablechurch.com. “7 Sm

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41 Mark De Ymaz, Building

Church (San Francisco, CA 59-60 42

Stetzer, “5 Future Trend

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Ed Stetzer. “Cities and M

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Keller, Centre Church, 15

45

Bradley, “The 8 Types o

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Jim Tomberlin. “What’s T

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47

portablechurch.com. “7 Smart Trends Successful

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Tomberlin, “What’s Trending In Multisite? 2017

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49

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portablechurch.com. “7 Smart Trends Successful

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Tomberlin, “What’s Trending In Multisite? 2017

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51

Rainer, “Ten Major Trends for Churches in 2017.”

52

Tomberlin, “What’s Trending In Multisite? 2017

59

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of Church Planting

53

Rainer, “Ten Major Trends for Churches in 2017.”

54

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Palmer, “Special Report:

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57

Bradley, “The 8 Types o

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Daniel Im. “Trend #3 for

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60

Stetzer, Planting Missional Churches, 111

ml

61

Stetzer, Planting Missional Churches, 81

: The State of Church

62

Ibid, 63-83

63

Keller, Centre Church, 357

64

Stetzer, Planting Missional Churches, 64

65

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66

J.D. Payne. Apostolic Church Planting: Birthing

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Stetzer, Planting Missional Churches, 70

68

Ibid, 70

69

Keller, Centre Church, 357

e of Church Planting—

70

Stetzer, Planting Missional Churches, 81

e Exchange | A Blog by Ed

71

Payne, Apostolic Church Planting, 30

72

Chuck Lawless. “10 Ways to Motivate Church

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motivate-church-voluntee 73

Tony Morgan. The Unstu

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Warren Bird. “8 Launch

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Ed Stetzer, Micah Fries,

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echurch.com/10-ways-to-

NewChurches.com, 2015, https://newchurches.com/

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78

Jim Tomberlin, “Mergers Archives.” MultiSite

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Rich Birch. Unreasonable Churches. unSeminary,

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80

Jim Tomberlin. 125 Tips for Multisite Churches

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81

Keller, Centre Church, 365

Wins for New Churches

82

Stetzer, Planting Missional Churches, 201

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83

Payne, Apostolic Church Planting, 58

echurch.com/resources/

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Stetzer, Planting Missional Churches, 202

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86

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n the U.S. Nashville, TN:

87

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wins-report/, 15

36

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Carey Nieuwhof. “5 Esse

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Stetzer, Planting Mission

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Stetzer, Planting Missiona

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Mike Breen. Building a D

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Carey Nieuwhof. “How T

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95

h%20Team%2010/5_

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96

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hil Altar Calls, 2016.

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37