Architectural Design Studio 2A ARC 2536 | FALL 2017 PROFESSOR JOHN POROS ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ALEXIS GREGORY
College of Architecture, Art, & Design Mississippi State University 899 Collegeview Street 240 Giles Hall Mississippi State, MS 39762 www.caad.msstate.edu
Editors/Designers Andrew Beaman Avery Harmon Sarah Hoing Will Jordan Amelia King Danielle Leclercq
Advisors
Professor John Poros Assisstant Professor Alexis Gergory 2017 School of Architecture, College of Art & Design Mississippi State University All rights reserved All photographs and drawings are courtesy of the contributors and students unless otherwise noted. All efforts have been made to obtain lawful permission from the publisher, except for copying permitted by sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except for reviewers for the public press. Every effort has been made to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinions, or statements, appear in this publication. The data and opinions appearing in the articles herein are the responsibility of the contributors concerned.
Table of Contents PROJECT 1 : The Bench |
Pages 4 - 27
Planning + Construction Design + Construction
PROJECT 2 : Organizing Spaces |
Pages 28 - 41
Baron Necaise Hannah Strider Kaitlyn Breland Madison Holbrook Pablo Vargas Sarah Hoing
PROJECT 3 : Quaker Meeting House |
Pages 42 - 57
Alex Dean Ashley Casteel Avery Harmon Danielle Leclercq Connor Padgett Felipe Olvera Madison Holbrook
The first project in Studio 2A was a collaborative project with the Building Construction Science department. The objective was to begin studying ideals of utopian societies, as well as experience some of the issues in the design-build process. For the first half of the project, the studio was broken into teams and assigned to construct a replica of a bench that had been used by different utopian societies. For the second half of the project, the studio was to design and build a bench that still followed the principles of the Upotian societies each team had studied while also implementing a modern approach.
The Bench Project 1
Refectory Bench Ephrata Cloister was an early American communal society led by Johann Conrad Beissel. They were a simple people devoted to prayer and waiting for Christ’s second coming. The Refectory bench was used for daily meals eaten at trestle tables. The curved leg originates from Germany, Beissel’s homeland.
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PROJECT 1: Planning + Construction
BUILT BY: Bobby Fatherree + Jim Campbell
Quaker Meeting House Bench For the bench we designed we changed the designed based on the factor that it should be a stackable bench. To accomplish that we changed the legs and made them plainer but with a slit in the bottom of the legs so that the top part could easily fit and therefore be stackable. The space in between the stacked benches was also supposed to serve as a shelve for books that way it served a purpose while they were stacked.
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DESIGNED BY: Jose Solorzano + Tyler Seal
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The Shakers: Mount Lebanon Meeting Hall Bench The Shakers, more formally known as the United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing, is a religious group dating back to the late 1700’s. They are a no-nonsense people that are all about practicality, and they incorporated their ideals of practicality into their design of the Meeting Hall Bench. The bench has a simple, strong, and light design that represents the Shaker philosophy well. The pieces are no larger than they need to be, and the seat is supported by a simple dovetailed brace. The Shakers also tried to recycle wood as much as possible. When reproducing this bench, we used salvaged pine wood and did not refinish it, just as the Shakers did.
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PROJECT 1: Planning + Construction
BUILT BY: Danielle Leclercq + Casey Pennebaker
Quaker Meeting House Bench
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DESIGNED BY: Bre Richeson + Louis Hernandez + Willie Hopkins
This Shaker Meeting Hall inspired bench was designed along the ideology of the Shaker’s way of life. The Shaker’s believed in minimalist design without excessive ornamentation. The bench has clean, crisp lines and is easy to assemble and take apart to recycle as the Shakers would have done. The legs of the bench can be slid out of the tracks of the bench seat and be slid back in to the tracks parallel to the bench seat for stacking and storing purposes. The simplistic design reflects the Shaker Meeting Hall bench’s design for practicality.
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Snow Hill Nunnery Bench This bench was designed by the Snow Hill Nunnery, a small communal community located in Pennsylvania, which descended from the Ephrata Cloister. Snow Hill community lived a communal life. The dining room was where this following bench would have been arranged along each side of two long tables where genders sat separately. The standard and plain design presented in the bench demonstrates the simplicity and plainness of the everyday rural life of the Snow Hill Community.
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PROJECT 1: Planning + Construction
BUILT BY: Brittney Roberts + Carl Elkins + O’Ryan Hooker
Quaker Meeting House Bench The fundamental elements of the Snow Hill Nunnery Bench were brought into the design of the second bench. The notches from the original bench were adjusted and lengthened to increase stability. Additionally, a tertiary runner was added underneath to increase balance. The length of the bench was shortened to encourage closer seating which in return would echo the utopian philosophy of shared seating and shared values.
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DESIGNED BY: Myles Jeffries + Owen McCallum
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Harmony Society Feast Hall Bench The builders of this bench were Harmonists who embraced beauty in their lives. They were part of a collectivist society who used the bench when they would gather together for celebrations and feasts centered around their shared values and faith. The length of this bench was symbolic of the entire community gathering together as one. The Harmonists had a deep appreciation for things of beauty and purity and lived by these principles in their lives. The members of this society valued the riches of community and looked down on the pursuit of individual wealth.
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PROJECT 1: Planning + Construction
BUILT BY: Hannah Strider + Jonathan Small
Quaker Meeting House Bench
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DESIGNED BY: Coleman Carraway + Baron Necaise + Rory Fitzpatrick
The main aspect of the Harmony Society bench that we used in the new design was the dovetail joint. In the original bench a sliding dovetail joint was used to support the legs. Our new bench used a compund angle dovetail joint that when constructed is one of the strongest corner joints you can make. The benches legs were angled out on every side to allow for the stacking and storage of the bench.
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The Number One House Bench of Zoar The Number One House Bench was crafted by the Separatists of Zoar. Due to persecution and imprisonment in their homecountry of Germany, they came to the United States for liberty. They eventually settled in the state of Ohio. According to Francis Cape, the Number One House Bench reflects “the rigors of their faith and their early life in Ohio.� The bench is believed to have been built for the Number One House, suspected to be a special house for the elders of the community. The society declined after a cholera epidemic and 1834 and dissolved by 1898.
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PROJECT 1: Planning + Construction
BUILT BY: Andrew Beaman + Avery Harmon + Tori Thompson
Quaker Quaker Meeting Meeting House House Bench Bench When designing our Quaker Meeting House Bench, we wanted to focus on the simplicity that the Seperatists of Zoar lived by. The curves along the inside relate to the Number One House Bench and its proximity to the gardens. Similar to the Quakers, we attepted to keep the ornament to a minimum and have the restrained gracefulness that the Seperatists of Zoar are known for. Finally, thanks to the lamenated design, these benches are able to stack in order to save space.
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DESIGNED BY: Will Jordan + Hunter Bullock
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The Hutterites Dining Bench This dining bench comes from the Hutterite Society. They were a poor, religous group that stood on the grounds of hiearchy. However, they still valued the aspects of community. Because of their poor lifestyle, the hutterites designed the dining bench to bring the group together. The bench represents the type of craftsmanship the Hutterites represented which was simple and sturdy.
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PROJECT 1: Planning + Construction
BUILT BY: Colton Cox + D’Angelo Oliver + Martin Wood
Quaker Meeting House Bench In designing our own Quaker Meeting House Bench, we continued to follow the philosophies of the Hutterite people. For our bench we designed an elevated seat stained to represent the richness of the Hutterite community. The seat is secured with a border around it to represent the community as a whole rather than separate. We designed the legs of the bench to fold up underneath with a cabinet catch. This allows the benches to neatly stack on top of one another.
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DESIGNED BY: Jacob Stovall + McKenzie Johnson + Olivia Baker
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Bruderhof Woodcrest Community Snack Break Room Bench This bench was designed by the Bruderhof Community, a German community who centered their day to day lives around ethical work and communal life. This bench is primarily located in the Snack Break Room where the tradtion of conversation would take place. This bench exemplifies the use of the assembly line production which the Bruderhof’s favored.
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PROJECT 1: Planning + Construction
BUILT BY: Connor Padgett + Jackson Warren
Quaker Meeting House Bench
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DESIGNED BY: Kerry McElroy + Sarah Hoing + Jamison McKee
With consideration of the Bruderholf’s goal of simplicity and equality, we designed a bench that is simplistic in appearance and built for function. Keeping with their design inspired by Community Playthings, we used the same birch plywood and cut the legs at an eight-degree angle similiar to the original bench. This angle allows for one bench to nest on top of another. We improved the craft of the bench by using pocket-holes to hide the screws instead of having them present as seen in the original Bruderhof bench.
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Twin Oaks: Zhankoye Bench This bench was developed by a community known as Twin Oaks. They were focused solely on fashioning a society that worked together to better the community as a whole. This bench was designed with the intentions of using inexpensive materials and basic construction technology. To complete construction, artisans skilled in different areas worked together to complete this bench. Each member of the community states their job preference, and is then placed where they may benefit the communirt most. This bench deisgn is located in Zhankoye, the main kitchen and dining hall.
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PROJECT 1: Planning + Construction
BUILT BY: Garrett Jones + Kaitlyn Breland
Quaker Meeting House Bench
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DESIGNED BY: Charlyn King + Kacie Lynn James
Inspiration for this bench came from some of the details used on the Twin Oaks Bench. While the construction was complicated by the leg angles, the idea was to simplify, modernize and streamline the design while retaining some of the most appealing aspects of the original bench. These aspects included the pegs, which are reintroduced in steel and the use of standard lumber for the bench components.
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Camphill Village Kimberton Hills Kelper Bench The Kelper Bench was constructed by community members of the Camphill Village. They were inspired by Rudolf Steiner’s teaching and Anthroposophy which advocated individual development. The benches were used for communal meals were highly valued in the community. However, the benches were not limited to this and were also placed in each hall and entryway in the community. The bench was built by a lover (an amenture without formal training), but one with a clear and intuitive idea that didn’t follow an existing pattern. The design of the bench did not spring from an American or European influence. Instead, it showed influence from African design.
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PROJECT 1: Planning + Construction
BUILT BY: Calvin Leslie + John McMahon
Quaker Meeting House Bench
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DESIGNED BY: Caleb Shaw + Steve Drago
The thought procsses my partner and I had was directly linked to what our socity was thinking when they designed the original bench. When were designing our bench when wanted to stay very close to the ideas of the original designers. Therefor we keap the idea of not needing to use any adhesives and using only joints. We also decided to keep similar forms with the same curves.
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Kimberton Hills Rose Hall Bench The community of Camphill Village Kimberton Hills provides communities for people with developmental disabilities. Their mission is to push these people to develop their full potential. The Camphill Village community also heavily emphasizes the importance of communal meals for every meal. More specifically, the Rose Hall bench is used for weekly meetings and for festival celebrations, although mostly Christian, incude some that honor the seasons.
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PROJECT 1: Planning + Construction
BUILT BY: Isaac Galindo + Tanner Hughes
Quaker Meeting House Bench
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DESIGNED BY: Chester Mitchell + Max Kemp
In the new design, our team kept close to the original design. We chose to modernize the bench based on stability while also staying true to the culture and community of the society. The panels were changed in number from two to three to accomodate the seating requirements. Additionally a stretcher was added to connect brackets on each side of the bench. The increase in panels was an aesthetic design choice to aid in the visualization of the bench, while the the addition of the stretcher and brackets was for the stability of the design.
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The goal of the second project was to gain a better understanding of how layout and composition serve as the backbone of site functionality and visual percention. The studio began the project by creating sixteen iterations each of linear, clustered, and centralized compositions. After implementing nine of those compositions into AutoCAD, each student constructed mass models both in SketchUp and by hand. Each student then chose one final composition to further develop, applying four design words: Darkness, Lightness, Stillness, Patience. Each word was applied to one space within the site. The final step was to design the exterior of the space, implementing walkways and sitting areas along with other outdoor design elements that complement the overarching design goals.
Organizing Spaces Project 2
Baron Necaise My project was inspired by the clustering of my 2D line drawing, but also incorporates linear and centralized ideas. You walk around the space based off the path that is clear around the centralized reflecting pool. By putting the pool in the middle of the site it makes you walk around the space and pass up each room thus forcing you to mingle with one another. Each volume is similar in size and shape, but different in the way they are supposed to make you feel. Each volume has different feature that contributes to the feelings of darkness, lightness, stillness, and patients.
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Darkness
Lightness
Stillness
Patience
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Hannah Strider I chose to move forward with my clustered organization for this project. I specifically focused on the concept of darkness. This concept was defined by low shadows and ambient light coming through long optic portals extending throughout my space. In my larger site composition, I used the continuous lines from my clustered organization to create pathways to connect the individual spaces.
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Darkness
Lightness
Stillness
Patience
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Kaitlyn Breland The composition that I decided to go with was a cluster organization. From this formation, I chose to develop a space using the concept of darkness. This was accomplished through the lack of openings used throughout the design. The roof is lifted from the surface to allow natural light while still conveying darkness. There is a larger opening in the ceiling used to allow in more indirect natural lighting into the space. I used stone to create pathways through out the site connecting the spaces. A courtyard is added before entering the final space to create a feeling of compress and release before entering the last space.
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Darkness
Lightness
Stillness
Patience
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Madison Holbrook I chose to move forward with a linear composition. The four areas that represented darkness, brightness, and patience were lined up in a straight linear path with only stillness deviating from that path. The word that I chose to develop was stillness; I decided to enhance this word by separating it from the rest of the spaces and adding columns to make it a more secluded area. I added a skylight that was directly proportional to a pool of water inside the space that would bring in light to the room.
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Darkness
Lightness
Stillness
Patience
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Pablo Vargas The composition which I chose to move forward with was my centralize formation. The idea that I chose to focus on for my model was brightness. I examine this idea be creating large openings in the top sections of the wall to bring natural light in. I also had an open roof which bright most of the light inside the space. Since this was my focus of this project, I choose to place it in the center of the composition. The rest of the concept which are darkness, stillness, and patience surround the centralize space.
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Darkness
Lightness
Stillness
Patience
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Sarah Hoing The composition I chose was my cluster formation. The concept that I chose to focus on for my model was stillness. I exemplified this through the use of a chaotic faรงade surrounding a singular spire, jutting down from the ceiling. This spire embodied stillness in the midst of chaos. Moving back into my composition as a whole, I distinguished the four corner buildings as sites to embody my four concept words. To connect them with the rest of the site, I implemented brick pathways and a series of sunken and raised benches. Also, a large water feature creates a cavern like area through the middle of the site, creating separation.
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Darkness
Lightness
Stillness
Patience
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The studio was tasked to design a Quaker Meeting House that would be located near the President’s property on Mississippi State University’s campus. The design must include a meeting room, an outdoor room, a gallery, a manager’s office, a receptionist space, a storage room, and two restrooms. Each room was additionally given a specified program and approximate square footage. To begin the design process, each student sketched a parti, and began designing a Quaker Meeting House based off that parti. The meeting room was the first focus. It was to be a space for Quaker worship as well as dinners, parties, and meetings. It also needed to incorporate the benches designed in Project One. The focus then shifted to the remaining spaces and surrounding site. To accomplish this, students were told to refer to their original parti sketches, the program each space was given, and the individual design concepts applied to each Quaker Meeting House over the course of the project.
The Quaker Meeting House Project 3
Alex Dean After choosing the parti below, I began to think about how it could fulfill all of the different spaces I needed. The meeting room fell into place naturally. As I explored the meeting room and its light quality, I started realizing that Darkness and Stillness successfully embodied the space. Therefore, the lighting in relation to my benches and the bench orientation became very important. As an overall composition, the site predominantly creates a directional feeling.
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Ashley Casteel The hexagonal parti is expressed in the meeting house through its centralized yet offset organization. The repetition of vertical elements surrounding the space create rhythym. Thus, patience is expressed as one moves progressively through the gallery that surrounds the central meeting room. The loftiness of the centralized space is bright on the top and enclosed and dark on the bottom. The surrounding spaces tucked into the edges of the space are more private and less sacred, with little movement through the space; therefore, the storage, bathrooms, and office exemplify stillness.
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1/4” = 1’-0” Plan
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Avery Harmon Community is a primary ideal of Quaker society. The hexagon shape communicates this idea in the parti, and the other requirements of the design took shape around it. The hexagon shape of the meeting room allows for all sides to be seen, which is ideal while a Quaker is sharing the message he or she received from God. The front elevation of the complex is simple and the windows are high to minimize distraction. The bench that fills the meeting room was originally designed to have floral, organic qualities. This is continued in the garden at the back of the space - a place to connect the inside and outdoors while also helping to cultivate Quaker ideals.
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Danielle Leclercq I began exploring centrality through hierarchy with my parti. The Meeting Hall, the main space on the site, occupies the central space and is the tallest space to show its hierarchy among the other spaces. The hall expresses community and sharing by its centralized floor plan, and it expresses stillness and patience through the natural light quality of the space. The gallery surrounds the hall serves as a transition from one space to another. On either side of the gallery are the office, restrooms, and storage areas. The outdoor space is a community space located in front of the Meeting Hall, and includes a path that leads to the entrance of the hall.
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Connor Padgett With my parti, I explored a linear path through my sketches. The Meeting Hall, the primary space of the entire site and building, is placed at the west wing of the bulding overlooking a tree lined landscape. The Meeting Room expresses stillness and brightness due to natural light from the large, open windows on 3 separate walls. The Gallery is a linear path that draws people to move towards the Meeting Hall when entering the Meeting House. On either side of the Gallery are the offices, restrooms, and storage area. The Outdoor Space is a common meeting space located off of the Gallery.
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Felipe Olvera My parti was organized linearly where adjacent pieces have a co-existing relationship with one another. Therefore, each piece is equally essential because one cannot exist without the other. The most important spaces, are the gallery and meeting room which establish the linear core. In comparison to the gallary, the meeting room is open by volume, yet compressive through light. Here individuals can be intimate in thought. As an individual enters he or she should be physically and figuratively enlightened by the art and natural light in the space. The glass skylight suggests a particular path, creating the feeling of patience.
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Section AA
Section BB
N Plan View Scale 1/4” = 1’
Axonometric Plan Scale 3/16” = 1’ 0”
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Madison Holbrook In the parti, I was drawn to the idea of an underground area and showing hierarchy through height in relation to ground level. I translated this into a building design by concealing the true scale of my meeting room; from the outside it is much less assuming than it is when an individual is experiencing the space. This design exemplifies stillness by having the meeting room as a separate, secluded area that is contrasted by the movement of the stairs. It also exemplifies patience because it is a calm and relaxing space with minimal architectural interruptions.
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