Editors Brooke Dorman Samantha King Andrew McMahan Mckenzie Moran Larry Travis Ethan Warren Faculty Advisors Chris Cosper Alexis Gregory Emily McGlohn Todd Walker Photo Credits Ethan Warren Haley Whiteman
Printed by Š2013 Blurb Š2013 School of Architecture College of Architecture, Art + Design Mississippi State University All rights reserved.
All photographs and drawings are courtesy of the contributors and students unless otherwise noted. All efforts have been made to obtain lawful permission to reprint copyright images. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission from the publisher, except for copying permitted by sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except for reviewers for press. Every effort has been made to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinions or statements appear in this portfolio. The data and analysis appearing in the content herein are responsibility of the contributors concerned.
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Community Arts Center Birmingham, AL
Mississippi State University College of Architecture, Art + Design School of Architecture Department of Building Construction Science Cosper + Gregory + McGlohn + Walker ARC 3546 + BCS 2126 Spring 2013
STUDENTS
Introduction This portfolio contains the compilation of student work as a summary of studies and research composed by the second year Building Construction Science and the third year Architecture studios at the College of Architecture, Art + Design of Mississippi State University. The goals of the courses serve to enrich the studios with developed exercises in design and construction ranging from research analysis, conceptual design, and design development. The composed architectonic exercises present the architecture students’ submission of work to the Brick Industry Association for innovative uses in brick design. The parameters for use of the theme materials are left to any given individual’s interpretation, as long as the program requirements are satisfied. The results of the exercises and associated award winners are documented in the ensuing publication, which includes collaborative work as well as individual portfolios of work for the project to be viewed as a companion text. The Brick IndustryAssociation offers an award to architecture students who submit winning designs to the organization who show a developed and innovative use of brick as a primary building material. The association has offered Mississippi State University’s School of Architecture an exclusive opportunity, by allowing the third year studio’s members to be the only submittals for the competition.
CoMMunity arts Center a Call for revitaliZation
regulations
BuiLDing CoDes + Zoning
ADA AnD egress
site reseArCh + LeeD
PreCeDent reseArCh
The Building Codes + Zoning section provides the students iwth specific guidelines that are pertinent to the site. It is a collection of research compiled from various literatures that allows students to have a quick reference guide while designing. These guidelines must be kept so that the various individual designs will be valuable to the city of Birmingham, AL.
The ADA and Egress section of this book aims to resolve accessibility issues in the construction of those components of a community arts center like restaurant kitchens, bathrooms, and various assembly spaces. To understand code better, the students diagramed and annotated measurements and other important regulations for life-safety.
The LEED section displays information to adequately show how LEED points are categorized. Site Research Group includes analysis of macro and micro scales of Birmingham, AL. Site specific qualities, as well as local climate data would allow fomr a more indepth understanding of the site to appropriately start the next design phase.
The centers were selected with similar square footages and demographics to the proposed site and program in Birmingham, AL. The analysis includes information about urban development in the Birmingham area, as well as an in-fill project precedent and brick project precedent.Precedents of existing community arts centers are included.
1. General Zoning 2. Green Assets 3 Buulding Codes and Zoning Guide 4. Types of Construction and Area Allowed
1. Commion ADA Egress and Ommisions 2. Clearances 3. Kitchens 4. Bathrooms 5. Assembly Requirements 6. Doors 7. Clearances 8. Corridors 9. Ailes 10. Ramps and Landings 11. Stairs 12. Elevators 13. Entries and Exits
1. Birmingham Attractions 2. Site Accessibility 3. Site Amenities 4. Site Spaces 5. Site Characteristics 6. Site Activity 7. Climate 8. LEED
1. Urban Development 2. Precedents 3. NMIT Arts & Media 4. Community Center 5. Maryvale Community Center 6. Karakida Community Center 7. Sunset Community Center 8. Atlanta Contemporary Arts Center 9. New Orleans Contemporary Arts Center 10. Kaufmann Program Center 11. Redline 12. Infill Precedent Art Stable 13. Brick-Weave House
2 4 6 8
a reCyCling station
railroaD parK in birMingHaM, al
14 16 18 22 26 28 32 34 36 38 40 46 48
briDge DeCKing
railroaD parK in birMingHaM, al
56 58 60 62 64 68 70 76
venDing units
railroaD parK in birMingHaM, al
82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106
uab MeDiCal sCHool
birMingHaM, al
proJeCt
site Context
DemogrAPhiCs
ConstruCtion sPeCiFiC issues
ProgrAm
The Demographics section is responsible for providing the quantifiable subsets within a given population which can characterize that population at a specific point in time. A number of articles and literatures were used in order to focus on the different aspects of the Birmingham community.
The Construction Specific Issues gives an overview of cost estimations, site specific issues and general construction phasing. The cost estimation covers plumbing, HVAC, equipment, electrical and mechanical. Site specific issues looks at problems ranging from tree removal, power line relocation. and construction staging.
The Program section highlights the process of its selection. After choosing the Community Arts Center, it was broken into three specific programs; Film / Performing Arts, Visual Arts, and Historical / Industrial Arts. This was determined based on the needs of the area to encourage revitalization.
1. People 2. Graduation Rates 3. Home and Income 4. Income and Crime rates
1. Site Specific Issues 2. Cost Estimating
112 114 116 118
sign of parK features
railroaD parK in birMingHaM, al
124 128
roof Detail
railroaD parK in birMingHaM, al
1. Program Decision 2. Community Arts Center 3. Film/ Performing Arts 4. Visual Arts 5. Historical and Industrial Arts
134 136 138 140 142
CourtyarD feature
birMingHaM, al
BuiLDing CoDe + Zoning
BuiLDing CoDes + Zoning
General Zoning
Birmingham is undergoing changes to its city zoning ordinance. Because of these changes, many of the zoning requirements in the Birmingham area revolve around the history of the city and its traditional aesthetics.
Location
1600 1st Avenue South Birmingham, AL 35233 Our specific site is located in the Zoning Ordinance’s District Five, the Technology and Cultural District.
Cause and Effect: Site Enrichment
“UAB and the UAB Medical Center will be the twin engines of the new job growth in Birmingham. New technology investment and the resultant new quality jobs will depend on the viability of the Technology and Cultural District to attract entrepreneurial businesses, biotechnology spin-offs from the UAB Medical Center, and new housing for the ‘creative class’ who will create and work in these new enterprises.” (UDA 23)
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
The Birmingham Green area is a leading ventricle in business activity with an influx of office workers. This population spike creates a need for daily recesses. “The goal...is to make a...great place to live, to work, to study, to play, and to visit...” (UDA 1)
1.
0
.5
1
2
N
birMingHaM Map Interstate roads Highways Site Location existing enHanCeMent areas Enhancement areas that affect our site Other enhancement areas 1. Birmingham location map 2. Existing enhancement areas 3. Frank Nelson Building 4. Railroad Reservation Park 5. UAB Medical School 6. Children’s Hospital
3.
2.
0 .25 .5
4.
5.
6.
1
N
spring spring 2013 2013
3
B BuiLDing uiLDing C CoDes oDes + +Z Zoning oning
Green Assets
Downtown Birmingham carries a sense of an urban neighborhood and work place. But now, with the addition of Railroad Reservation Park along with its already existing parks, Birmingham holds a sense of community. These green assets are important in Birmingham due their contribution of passive strategies, pedestrian traffic encouragement, views, and green street parking.
Railroad Reservation Park
“Railroad Reservation Park...[is] the central civic gathering space for Birmingham...but also is the key...in the open space [network]” (UDA 32). The intent of Railroad [Reservation] Park is for it to become the seam between the Technology and Cultural District and the surrounding enhancement areas. “The park [is] a potent symbol of both the industrial history of Birmingham and its rebirth in the new economy.” (UDA 23)
Green Street Network
“The concept of green streets is to designate certain streets for upgraded streetscapes (trees, sidewalk paving, lighting, and signage) which become a recognizable armature for pedestrians and bicyclists connecting park and cultural amenities [through and around the site].” (UDA 34)
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
Green Street Conversion
A green street creates a pedestrian friendly environment and promotes mixed-use programming.
Design Guidelines
As defined by zoning, mixed-use buildings should have public space occupying their ground floors while upper levels can support housing or office space. Our site should account for the mixed-use neighborhood with commercial street developments around the Railroad Reservation Park with specific emphasis on supportive land uses stemming from the proximity of the Birmingham Green and UAB enhancement areas as they “blend with a strong new housing market...and research development.” (UDA 49)
th
17
St.
e. Av rd
23
6th
t. hS
t
20
th
14
e. Av
St.
1st
e. N Av
1st
e. S Av
5th
e. S Av
ity
U
ers niv
d. Blv
existing enHanCeMent areas Railroad Park Other Public Parks Green Streets Site Location
spring spring 2013 2013
5
1. Green Street Network Map 2. Existing Conditions 3. Bay Windows 4. Storefront Design 5. Articulated Levels 6. Visually Clear Entrances 7. Proposed Birmingham
Architecture Guidelines
“Buildings in the [Technology and Cultural District, District Five] share the need for an improved pedestrian environment. The experience of the pedestrian at the ground floor ties the district together. “ (UDA 23)
Architecture Requirements
Storefront design is encouraged for mixed-use buildings, encouraging pedestrian traffic. To ensure a sense of scale in mixeduse buildings and to emphasize the different uses of the building floors from the facade, base, middle, and top articulation should be used. Building entrances should be visually clear to enhance pedestrian traffic to and within the building. Bay windows and balconies have increasingly become a desired amenity and are encouraged in downtown environments. The overhang of a balcony has to be 5’-0” from the property line.
BBuiLDing uiLDingC CoDes oDes++ZZoning oning
Architecture Requirements
Buildings should include facade decorum - parapet walls at 30� with cornice expression. All building locations on property should have zero setbacks to enhance the feeling of a commercial street in accordance with the Technology and Cultural District.
Building Code and Zoning Guide Occupancy Classification
For more information see IBC 2012 chapter 3.
Building Height
For more information see IBC 2012 chapter 5, 7.
Type of Construction
For more information see IBC 2012 chapter 6, 9 (fire protection and sprinkler system requirements).
Allowable Floor Area
For more information see IBC 2012 chapter 5.
Height and Number of Stories For more information see IBC 2012 chapter 5.
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
Location on Property
For more information see IBC 2012 chapter 7 (705, 706, 712).
Means of Egress
For more information see IBC 2012 chapter 10.
builDing CoDe anD Zoning guiDe Top priority
1
Second most important Third most important
Occupancy Classification
Fourth most important Title
1. Facade decorum 2. Zero setbacks 3. Building code and zoning guide
A-2_Restaurant B_Buisness M_Mercantile
determine floor area per occupant load consult zoning for further height limits
3
building height based on fire rating
Building Height
Location on Property
determine the percentage of openings allowed
consult zoning requirements for setbacks
compare to get the minimum distance from the adjoining buildings
7
Means of Egress
consider type of construction
consult occupancy group standards for construction
consult chapter 10 of the IBC standards set by occupancy classification
consider desired building height for requirements
determine fire protection/ sprinkler requirements
4
6
zoning ordinance has height limitations
Type of Construction
Allowable Floor Area
2
determine the fire resistive exterior wall requirements
Height and Number of Stories consult structural standards for floor area
base on program sq. ft. standard
remember site size and zoning requirements
5
consider additional occupancy requirements for egress
spring spring 2013 2013
7
B BuiLDing uiLDing C CoDes oDes + +Z Zoning oning
Types of Construction and Area Allowed Type II Construction
These buildings are constructed of noncombustible materials. These buildilngs typically have steel stud walls, masonry bearing walls, and steel bar joist for the roof and floor structure. Type II B is the most common construction type for commercial buildings because the building elements are not required to be fire resistant rated but still must be non-combustible.
Type 2
Type III Construction
Type III Construction is that type of construction in which the exterior walls are of noncombustible material and the interior building elements are of any material permitted by the code (combustible or non-combustible). IBC 602.3.
Occupancy Classification Assembly Group A-3
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
Assembly uses intended for worship, recreation, or amusement and other assembly uses not classified in Group A, but not limited to: Amusement arcades Art galleries Bowling alleys Community halls Courtrooms Dance halls (not including food or drink consumption) Exhibition halls Funeral parlors Gymnasiums (without spectator seating) Indoor swimming pools (without spectator seating) Indoor tennis courts (without spectator seating) Lecture halls Libraries
And others that are not in Group A-1, A-2, A-11, and A-5 A-2: Food and drink over 50 occupants E: More than six, less than 50 M: Mercantile B: Under 50 meeting spaces
Building Height Limitations and Area
The limit is the vertical distance from grade plane to the average height of the highest roof surface.
Type 3
spring spring 2013 2013
9
“The use of the space must be examined in relation to the code language stating that these are spaces for purposes such as civic, social or religious functions, recreation, food, or drink consumption.”
“These uses bring large groups of people together in relatively small spaces.”
“The code recognizes that not all occupancies are included in the list and gives direction to the building official regarding classification of building.”
50+ “The final determination of classification, as for all classification, is made by building officials.”
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
BuiLDing CoDes + Zoning
spring 2013
nHb group, llC. birMingHaM City Center Master plan upDate. urban Design assoCiates, oCt. 2004. Web. aug. 2013. 2012 international builDing CoDe. Country Club Hills, il: iCC, 2011. print. tHe City of birMingHaM Zoning orDinanCe. birMingHaM: n.p., 2010. print.
sourCes
ADA + egress
ADA + egress requirements
Common ADA errors AnD omissions restAurAnts
Food service queuing areas are too narrow and do not provide adequate clear width for turns causing people who use wheelchairs to not be able to get to the counter to purchase or pick up food. The minimum clear width of an accessible route shall be 36� except at doors. Condiment or utensil items are placed above the reach range or are not located on an accessible route, not allowing people in wheelchairs that ability to obtain condiments and other items because they are out of reach.
CirCuLAtion PAths
Objects protrude into circulation paths from the side or from posts; objects that overhang circulation paths do not provide clear headroom causing injury for people who are blind or who have low vision because they cannot detect the object.
ACCessiBLe route
inJury froM inCorreCt raMp slope
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
Pedestrian routes on a site from public streets and sidewalks to the accessible entrances are not accessible, resulting with people having disabilities being unable to access the site entry points. At least one route complying shall be provided within the boundary of the site from public streets or sidewalks to an accessible building entrance.
inJury assuMeD froM non-Clear CirCulation
rAmPs AnD CurB rAmPs
The curb ramp that is located across a circulation path has steep unprotected side flares causing people injury. A curb ramp located where people must walk across the ramp must have flared sides; the maximum slope of the flare shall be 1:10. Parts of an accessible route with slopes that exceed 1:20 lack required features including handrails and edge protection causing injury. Any part of an accessible route with a slope greater than 1:20 shall be considered a ramp.
stAirs
Curb raMp iWtH steep unproteCeD siDe flares
stairs laCKing HanDrail extension
Handrail extensions are not provided at the top and bottom risers causing injury for people with crutches or canes. If handrails are not continuous, they shall extend at least 12” beyond the top riser and 12” plus the width of one tread beyond the bottom riser.
spring 2013
15
8” Min
30” Min
There is a minimum height of knee clearance of 27” with a 30” minimum width and an 8” minimum depth. There is a 25” maximum depth of toe clearance under an element 9” above the finish floor and a 17” minimum depth of toe clearance under an element above the finish floor, with a minimum of a 30” width of the element itself.
plan: Knee ClearanCe 25” Max
For an unobstructed forward reach, there is a 48” maximum height and a 15” minimum height. When reaching over a forward obstruction, there is a maximum depth of 20”-25”, with a 48” high reach for 20” of an obstructed depth and 44” high reach for an obstruction over 20” in depth.
9” Min
ForwArD reACh
27” Min
ADA + egress requirements
CLeArAnCes toe AnD knee
siDe reACh
elevation: Knee ClearanCe
30” Min
11” Min
plan: toe ClearanCe 17”-25”
9” Min
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
An unobstructed side reach has a maximum height of 48” and a minimum height of 15”. An unobstructed side reach is allowed an obstruction between the ground space and element having a maximum of 10” in depth. With a parallel approach, the maximum obstruction height is 34” with a maximum depth of 24”. The high reach of 48” for an obstruction can have a maximum depth of 10”; the high reach of 46” for an obstruction can have a maximum depth over 10”.
elevation: toe ClearanCe 6” Max Knee anD toe ClearanCe
Knee anD toe ClearanCe Wheelchair Space Counter reaCH Obstruction 48” Max
48” Max 15” Min
15” Min reaCH: unobstruCteD forWarD reaCH 10” Max reaCH: unobstruCteD siDe reaCH
20” Max
48” Max
48” Max 10” Max reaCH: obstruCteD siDe reaCH
reaCH: obstruCteD forWarD reaCH
>20”-25” Max
48” Max
44” Max reaCH: obstruCteD forWarD reaCH
>10”-24” Max reaCH: obstruCteD siDe reaCH
spring 2013
17
ADA + egress requirements
kitChens kitChen Centers
The sink center must have a counter space of 24”-36” on either side. The refrigerator center must have a minimum counter space of 15” on latch side. The range center must have an 18”-24” counter space one either side. There must be between a 36”-42” distance between the range and sink centers, the refrigerator, or the wall over.
Counters AnD CABinets
There must be an 18” minimum clearance (A) between the counter overhead cabinet. There must be a 14” minimum clearance between the center of the cabinet front and the edge of the counter. At least one shelf in cabinets should be 48” above the floor. The typical height (B) of a counter is 36” and the typical depth (C) of a counter is 24”; there must be a 3” toe clearance (D) under a cabinet.
turning spaCe
plan: WorK surfaCe DiMensions
CLeAr FLoor sPACe
The minimum clear floor space at sinks, work surfaces, and appliances is 30”x48”;floor space can extend 19” under the sink, work surfaces, and appliances. A clear floor space is needed adjacent to the dishwasher (an open door cannot obstruct the clear floor space for the dishwasher or sink).
turning sPACe
work surFACe
e f
48”
A minimum of a 30” work surface is required; the kitchen work surface has a maximum of 34” above the floor. Adjustable surfaces can range from 28”36” in height and are usually 36” in depth. Side door ovens need a work surface adjacent to the latch side of the door, while bottom hinged door ovens need a work surface adjacent to one side. The maximum depth of a sink (F) is 6-1/2”. The rim of the sink and adjacent counter should be adjustable (E) at 28”-36” height or fixed at 34”.
28”-36” aDJustable 34” fixeD
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
The turning space needed for wheelchairs is 60” in diameter.
seCtion: WorK surfaCe DiMensions
aDJustable Counter DiMensions
KitCHen Centers anD Counters 3” Toe Clearance Refrigerator Center Range Center Counter Center Sink Center turning spaCe 60” Turn Around for Wheelchairs WorK surfaCe DiMensions Sink Depth Clear Floor Space at Sinks, Work Surfaces, and Appliances
a
b
C
D
KitCHen Centers anD Counters
spring 2013
19
ADA + egress requirements
kitChens work triAngLe
The work triangle consists of the range center, the refrigerator, and the sink center. The idea behind the work triangle is that the kitchen will work more efficiently when these elements are in close proximity to one another.
4’-0’ Min
seAting when Dining
Counters must not exceed 34” in height, and a 60” section of the counter must be made accessible if counters are the only provided dining surface. Five percent of the total tables and seating must be made accessible if they are built-in. The total floor area allotted for tables and seating are to be accessible in dining areas, except for mezzanine areas that contain less than 25% of the total area.
WorK triangle: parallel Wall KitCHen
5’-0” Min
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
WorK triangle: l-sHapeD KitCHen
5’-0” Min
WorK triangle: u-sHapeD KitCHen
4’-0” Min
WorK triangle: single Wall KitCHen
WorK triangle Range Center Refrigerator Center Sink Center Counter anD bar HeigHt Wheelchair Accessible Seating 60” Accessible Counter Space 60” spring 2013
21
plan: Counter anD bar HeigHt
60”
34” Max
seCtion: Counter anD bar HeigHt
ADA + egress requirements
BAthrooms toiLet AnD BAthing rooms
Doors cannot swing into the clear floor space or clearance for fixtures; the minimum clear width for a doorway is 32”. Mirrors can be a maximum of 40” above the finish floor from the bottom edge of the reflecting surface. Shelves must be between 40”-48” above the floor.
other ACCessiBLe FACiLities
At least 50% of the facilities must be accessible where single toilet facilities occur. Five percent of sinks must be accessible with the exception of service sinks. Fifty percent of drinking fountains must be accessible.
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
aCCessible batHrooM layout a
aCCessible batHrooM layout b
60” Turn Around for Wheelchairs
12’-2”
spring 2013
5’-0”
23
non-aCCessible batHrooM layout a
8’-2”
7’-2”
5’-0”
2’-4” to 2’-8”
non-aCCessible batHrooM layout b
5’-0”
8’-0”
non-aCCessible batHrooM layout C
non-aCCessible batHrooM layout D
ADA + egress requirements
BAthrooms wAter CLosets
13 1/2” Min
Grab bars must be on the side wall and the rear wall. Side bars must be at least 42” long and located no more than 12” from the rear wall and they must extend at least 54” from the rear wall. A 36” long rear bar must extend a minimum of 12” from the centerline of the toilet on one side and 24” on the other side.
urinALs
Urinals shall be the stall-type or the wallhung type with the rim 17” maximum above the finish floor or ground. Urinals shall be 13 1/2” deep minimum measured from the outer face of the urinal rim to the back of the fixture.
Center of toilet to siDe Wall DiMension for siDe grab bars
floor Mount urinal DiMensions
17” Max
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
13 1/2” Min
16”-18” Wall Mount urinal DiMensions
Center of toilet to siDe Wall DiMension for rear anD siDe grab
17”-19”
Floor Urinal Dispenser Location Wall Mount Urinal Side Grab Bar Rear Grab Bar Toilet spring 2013
48” Max
15” Min
7”-9”
Dispenser loCation
36” Min 54” Min 24” Min 12” Min
rear grab bar loCation
12” Max 42” Min
siDe grab bar loCation
25
FLoor AnD grounD Coverings CArPet AnD FLoor oPenings
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
Textures of carpet include: level loop, textured loop, level cut pile, and level cut/uncut pile. Exposed edges should be fastened and have a trim along the entire length. The pile height of carpet cannot exceed 1/2”. Elongated openings should have the long dimension running perpendicular to the direction of travel (A). The diameter of the openings cannot exceed 1/2”.
a
In addition to the main exit of an assembly space, a second means of egress is required. This exit must support the total occupant capacity. An assembly space with 300+ occupants requires a main exit, providing safety in the case of an emergency. For an assembly space with a main exit, it should be on a public way or have access to a path at least 10’-0” wide leading to a street or public way. Two means of egress are required for balconies having an occupant load of 50 or more, from each side of the balcony, with one means of egress leading directly to an exit. Two means of egress are required for balconies having an occupant load of 50 or more, from each side of the balcony, with one means of egress leading directly to an exit.
1/2” Max floor openings
1/2”
ADA + egress requirements
AssemBLy requirements AssemBLy egress
Carpet
asseMbly egress
asseMbly egress Exit Exit Path
7’-0” Min
Carpet anD floor openings Carpet Pile Height Dominant Direction of Travel Ceiling HeigHts Ceiling Floor to Ceiling Area
spring 2013
27
protruDing obJeCts Barrier Barrier 7’-0” Min
Barrier
ProtruDing oBJeCts height ContinueD CeiLing height
ProtruDing oBJeCts
80”
Door closers and stops may reduce headroom to less than 78”. Objects projecting from walls with their leading edges between 27”-80” above the finished floor shall protrude no more than 4” into the circulation space. Objects mounted with their leading edges at or below 27” above the finished floor may protrude any amount. Free-standing objects mounted on posts or pylons may overhand 12” maximum from 27”-80” above the floor.
80”
78”
7’-6” Min
27”
Door Closers anD stops
CeiLing
There is a 7’-6” minimum for ceiling height. Egress areas above and below mezzanine floors are to have clear heights of at least 7’-0”. Circulation spaces shall have 80” minimum clear head room.
Ceiling HeigHt: MeZZanine floor reQuireMents
Ceiling HeigHt: reQuireMents
AnD
protruDing obJeCts
4”
60”
Revolving doors are not a accessible route. The minimum width clearance for a door is 32”. The hardware on the door should be 34” minimum and 48” maximum high above the finished door. All dimensions noted to the right are the minimum requirements needed to travel through doorways.
48”
ADA + egress requirements
Doors ACCessiBLe Doors
18”
front approaCH, pull siDe
front approaCH, pusH siDe
54”
42”
48”
Hinge approaCH, pull siDe
42”
DOOR CLEARANCE DIMENSIONS 42”
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
24”
24”
22”
NCE DIMENSIONS
E DIMENSIONS
Hinge approaCH: pusH siDe WitH Closer anD latCH
Hinge approaCH, pusH siDe
general Area required to maneuver a wheelchair through a door
48”
12”
spring 2013
29 front approaCH, pusH siDe WitH Closer latCH
60” 54”
36”
Hinge approaCH, pull siDe 24”
ONS
latCH approaCH, pusH siDe, Door WitH Closer
42”
48”
24”
24”
Hinge approaCH: pusH siDe Door WitH Closer anD latCH
A typical door should be 3’ x 6’-8” minimum. The door should not be any shorter than 80”. When the door is open at 90 degrees, the width from the door frame to the door should be no less than 32”.
Door Swings
For occupant loads of more than 50, doors should swing in the direction of exit travel. 80”
ADA + Egress Requirements
Door Requirements Minimum Dimensions
Handle Requirements
34” - 48”
Egress doors need to be readily operable from the egress side with the use of key or special knowledge or effort. The door cannot require more than one operation which must be accessible without pinching or grasping. Lever door handles meet these criteria.
Hardware
Panic hardware is designed to open the door if a person is pressed against it and should always open in the direction of egress.
Discharge Doors
Community Arts Center. Birmingham, AL
Discharge doors at the end of a means of egress may be locked on the exterior side. However, the discharge door must be operable from the side of egress, typically with the use of panic hardware.
Handle Heights Door Height 32”
Door Width
general Direction of travel paniC HarDWare Operable component of hardware which opens door
panic
spring 2013
31
DireCtion of Door sWing
paniC HarDWare elevation
paniC HarDWare seCtion
paniC HarDWare plan
24” Max
CLeAr FLoor sPACe
Clear WiDtH DiMensions
The minimum dimensions of a clear floor space is 30”x48”. One full unobstructed side of the clear floor space must adjoin an accessible route or another clear floor space.
60” Min
A wheelchair requires a minimum width of 36” unless there are two which are side by side, requiring a width of 33”. If a space is entered from the front or rear, a wheelchair requires a minimum width of 48”. If a space is entered from the side, a wheelchair requires a depth of 60”.
24” Min
wheeLChAir sPACes Dimensions
60” Min
36” Min
The minimum dimensions of an alcove is 36” in width where the depth exceeds 24” and 60” in width where the depth exceeds 15”.
x>24”
With a 180 degree turn around, there is a minimum dimension of 48” in width at the turn and 42” in width for leaving the turn. The minimum passing space is 60”x60”.
36” Min 12” Min t-turn DiMensions
36” Min ClearanCes: forWarD alCove
12” Min
48” Min x>15”
wALking surFACes
32” Min
The minimum circulation turning space is 60” in diameter. T-shape space should have a minimum of 60” wide arms and a 36” wide base.
ALCoves
30” Min
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
48” Min
24” Max
36” Min
ADA + egress requirements
CLeArAnCes turning sPACes
ClearanCes: Clear floor spaCe
ClearanCes: siDe alCove
60” Min
ClearanCes Wheelchair Space t-turn DiMensions T-Turn Area WHeelCHair spaCe DiMensions Two Spaces 60” Min
One Space Side Entry 48” Min
Front or Rear Entry
36” Min
36”
33
42” Min
36” Min
x<48” turn arounD DiMensions: 180 Degree turn (exCeption)
33”
spring 2013
42” Min
x<48” turn arounD DiMensions: 180 Degree turn
33”
60”
48”
WHeelCHair spaCe DiMensions: one spaCe
WHeelCHair spaCe DiMensions: tWo spaCes
WHeelCHair spaCe DiMensions: front or rear entry
WHeelCHair spaCe DiMensions: siDe entry
60 ”
Corridors typically have a 1 hour fire rating. Corridors cannot be part of an air supply or return system. They can be used for makeup exhaust for toilet rooms, dressing rooms, and janitor closets. Corridors cannot be interrupted by intervening rooms with the exception of foyers, lobbies, and reception rooms with the same fire rating.
60”
ADA + egress requirements
CorriDors on CorriDors
mAintAining egress wiDth
Objects which obstruct or project in the means of egress should not decrease the required width of the means of egress. Instances where an obstruction or projection occurs, additional width is required to maintain the required egress.
proJeCtion in CorriDor
Doors oPening into egress
7”
Doors should project a minimum of 7” into the required width of egress. Opening of a door should not require more than one half of the required egress width. Doors must be recessed in narrow corridors. A door is allowed 7” maximum projection due to door recession. Non structural provisions in the corridor may not project more than 2”.
When different occupancies require common egress paths, the requirements for each occupancy will govern the means of egress system. When egress paths merge, capacity of the egress paths serve both tributary area and the paths shall not decrease in the direction of travel.
Door sWing in CorriDor
DeAD enD CorriDor
2”
Dead end corridors have a 20’-0” limit except if the corridor has sprinklers, then it is allowed to be 50’-0”. They are not limited in length when they are 2 1/2 times the width of the dead end. Elevator lobbies off corridors are not considered dead end when width exceeds 2 1/2 times depth.
narroW CorriDor
7”
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
Common CorriDors
Door sWing in CorriDor Required width of corridor Half of the required width of corridor narroW CorriDor Minimum required width of corridor Indent of door for narrow corridor DeaD enD CorriDors Allowable dead end 1 hour rated corridor without sprinklers sHareD CorriDor Public way Shared occupancy egress width Single occupancy Direction of travel sHareD CorriDor
2 1/2 wiDth
20’-0”
wiDth
DeaD enD CorriDors
spring 2013
35
Aisles in occupancy groups M and B must be a minimum of 36”. Any occupied portions of an exit access must be unobstructed.
AisLe Dimension
An aisle must be a minimum of 12” wide and increase by 1/2” per foot of aisle access travels beyond 12” from the aisle. Minimum dimension does not apply to tables of 4 or less where aisle access is less than 6’-0” away. Length of travel in an aisle access way is limited to 30’-0” before a choice of two or more paths of egress.
106”
ADA + egress requirements
AisLes AisLe wiDth
seAting
Chairs must be given 19” of space which must be allotted in the aisle space. Fixed seats may be measured from the back.
19”
106”
AisLe Protrusions
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
Doors cannot reduce the aisle width by greater than half and may not reduce aisle width by less than 7” when open.
144” aisle DiMension
19”
aisle DiMension Main aisle way Aisle access way group b aisle Area where door does not swing into
7” spring 2013
37
36”
group b aisle
The width of an egress ramp should not be less than that of a corridor typically 36”- 44”.
rAmP sLoPe
hAnDrAiLs
80”
Ramps may not have a running slope steeper than 1:12. Accessible ramps must have a rise of 30” maximum. 30”
ADA + egress requirements
rAmP requirements rAmP Dimensions
Ramps with a rise greater than 6” need handrails on both sides. Handrails must raMp DiMensions have a 36” minimum width between them.
360”
heAD CLeArAnCe
A minimum head space of 80” is required for ramps.
LAnDing requirements LAnDings
34” - 38”
There must be a landing or floor on each side of the door with the same elevation.
LAnDing Dimensions
Landings must have a width no less than that of the ramp. If a ramp landing is a change in direction, it must have a minimum length of 60”.
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
Door Protrusions
Open doors must not interfere with the required width of a landing by no more than 7”. Doors opening onto a ramp landing must not reduce a clear width to less than 42”. For occupancy of 50 or more, the door in any position must not interfere with the required width of the landing by more than half.
DrAinAge
Ramp landings may have a slope of 1:48 to allow for drainage.
CurB rAmPs
Counter slopes of adjoining gutters and road surfaces adjacent to the curb ramp must not be steeper than 1:20. Flares on curb ramps must not have a slope steeper than 1:10. As for the center ramp, HanDrails it should be from 1:12 to 1:10 in slope.
36
”
general Ramp landing Curb ramp with minimum to meet code raMp DiMensions 6’ - 0” tall person
60”
80”
36”
Maximum ramp slope HanDrail reQuireMents Hand rail required to meet code Curb raMp plan Slope of street at 1:12
60”
Slope of street at 1:10 Curb raMp seCtion Slope of street at 1:20 lanDing DiMensions
60”
60”
Curb raMp plan
36” Curb raMp seCtion raMp Doors
spring 2013
39
7”
Stairs must have landings at the top and bottom, and at changes in direction. Landings are to have a width no less than that of the stairway they connect to and a minimum length equal to the width of the stairway. A single flight of stairs may not exceed 12’ - 0” rise between floors or landings. Intermediate landings are required when the rise exceeds 12”.
44” 48”
ADA + egress requirements
stAirs LAnDings
stAirwAys
Stairway width must be at least 44” unless occupant load is less than 50 occupants. If it is under 50 occupants the allowable minimum width is reduced to 36”.
Doors on LAnDings
Open doors should not reduce required width of landing by more than 7”. For occupant groups of 50 or more, the door in any position must not reduce the required width to less than half. Doors in a series must be 48” apart plus the swing of the door. Door lanDing
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
48”
Door series
Door series Area between doors Door lanDing Area where door cannot protrude more than one half Direction of travel lanDing DiMensions Landings 1 1/2”
1 1/2” spring 2013
32”
41
1 1/2”
44”
1 1/2”
44”
44”
1 1/2”
1 1/2”
44”
stair WiDtH
lanDing DiMensions
ADA + egress requirements
FLoor to FLoor AnD stAirwAys FLoor to FLoor
Egress paths from floor to floor must not decrease. The paths do not have to increase as long as the exit capacity does not decrease in the direction of egress travel. The occupants of the floor below are assumed to exit that level before those behind them get to the same point in the egress system. Occupants from a mezzanine must pass through the floor below to get a common set of exit paths and thus are added to the occupant load.
stAirwAys
a
Stairways must be at least 44” in width unless occupant load is less than 50 people, thus allowing for a minimum width of 36”. Stairways must have at least 80” of head room (A) at any given point. The minimum width above a handrail (B) is 36”. The minimum width with a handrail on one side (C) is 31 1/2”. The minimum width with handrails on both sides (D) is 27”. The handrail height above a sloped plane of a nosing (E) is 34”-38”. There is no guard required where the drop-off (G) is less than 30”.
risers AnD nosings
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
Risers must be closed on all accessible egress paths. Nosings and projections on stairs must not exceed a bevel of 1/2”, and radius of 1/2”, a projection of 1-1/4”, and a degree of 30.
b C D
guArDs
The minimum height from a landing to the top of a guard (F) is 36”. e
1/2” Max
stair CorriDor DiMensions
stair nosings
stair nosings 3/4” minimum nosing 1-1/4” maximum nosing 30 degree maximum slope 9/16” maximum radius
f
treaD anD riser DiMensions 9/16” maximum radius of tread curviture riser spaCing No passage of 4” diameter sphere guarD spaCing Guard elements can be 4-3/8” sphere pattern 6” diameter at triangle
7
HanDrails anD guarDs 6” diameter at opening between riser, tread, and guard 4” diameter sphere pattern
8
4-3/8” sphere at stair guard only
g
HanDrails anD guarDs
7 8
10” Min 7-3/4” Max
7 8 guarD spaCing
treaD anD riser DiMensions
riser spaCing
spring 2013
43
ADA + egress requirements
Fire stAir Fire rAting
Egress stairs at the perimeter can be unprotected. Stairwell walls flushed with the enclosure do not need to be rated if the angle is greater than 180 degrees. However, if the angle is less than 180 degrees, the exterior wall must be rated 1 hour with 3/4 of an hour opening protection within 10’ - 0” of the enclosure.
ACCessiBLe meAns oF egress exterior AreAs
Exterior areas for assisted rescue have the same space requirements for wheelchairs as for the area of refuge. Exterior areas must be open to outside air and be separated by walls of 1 hour construction with a 3/4 hour door. Protection must extend 10’ - 0” laterally and vertically from the area of refuge.
stairs WitH a rise of 7” 11”
anD a treaD of
AreA oF reFuge
Area of refuge, 30”x 48”, must be in a stairwell or have direct access to an enclosed stairway or to an elevator with emergency power. The area of refuge must not reduce the egress width.
10’ - 0”
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
area of refuge
stair fire rating
stair fire rating Typical 1 hour fire rating 180 degrees which does not have to be fire rated Less than 180 degrees which needs to be fire rated egress fire rating 1 hour fire rating Area of refuge Requied two way communication system Required fire alarm
10’ - 0”
egress fire rating 1 hour fire rating
10’ - 0”
Emergency lighting egress fire rating
Requied two way communication system Required fire alarm
48”
48”
30”
area of refuge
spring 2013
45
68”
51”
These are just a set of minimum dimensions required for an elevator. However, it is best if the actual dimensions of a selected elevator are recieved from a company.
54”
ADA + egress requirements
eLevAtors eLevAtor Dimension
36” siDe (off-CentereD) Door
54”
51”
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
80”
Center Door elevator
42”
60”
36”
60”
any Door loCation
36”
54”
80”
any Door loCation
spring 2013
47
ADA + egress requirements
entries entrAnCe LoCAtions
When a service entrance is the only entry to a building, it must be accessible. Entrances may not need to be accessible if 60% of the other entrances are accessible.
muLti LeveL entries
Mezzanines and similar multilevel spaces must be connected to an accessible route unless they are under 3,000 sq ft in area, but in general, all spaces should be accessible.
non requireD entries
If a building has a maximum of two entries, then both must be accessible. Individual work stations are not required to be an accessible but must be on accessible route. Non occupied areas with limited access such as elevator pits, crawl spaces, etc. are not required to be accessible.
exits exit LoCAtions
All exits must be obvious and arranged for easy use. With a 1 hour fire rated corridor, exit separation is measured along the direct exit path.
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
exit PLACement
When 2 exits are needed, they must be placed half the distance of the diagonal dimension of space measured to the center line of the doorway. With 3 exits, 2 exits must comply with separation requirements and the third can be a reasonable distance if one should get blocked.
exit DistAnCes
Exit access travel distance is measured from the most remote point in the space to the entrance of an exit along the natural and unobscured path. The usual allowable travel distance is 200’ without sprinklers and 250’ to 300’ with sprinklers.
aCCessible entries
aCCessible entries Path through building Entrance required to be accessible Direction of travel tHree exits Diagonal distance of space Half the distance of the space Location of third exit tWo exits Diagonal distance of space Half the distance of the diagonal
tHree exits
tWo exits
spring 2013
49
ADA + egress requirements
exits exit DisChArge
Exit discharge should be at grade or provide direct access to grade. People cannot re-enter the building though the exit discharge. Exit discharge components must be separated from adjoining property lines by a minimum of 10’- 0” of space and from other buildings on the same lot.
PAssAgewAys
Passageways are to have no other purpose other than means of egress and are not allowed any other openings. The minimum width for a passageway is 44” unless the occupancy load is less than 50. If the occupancy is under 50, the passageway can be 36”. Passageways must be continuous from the point of entrance at the exit access to exit discharge. The distance of exits is not limited.
FLoor to FLoor egress
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
Egress paths from floor to floor must not decrease. Assuming all floors are approximately of equal sizes and occupant load, egress path does not have to increase as long as the exit capacity does not decrease in the direction of egress travel. The occupants of the floor below are assumed to exit the level before those behind them get to the same point in the egress system.
exit passageWay
general Direction of travel exit passageWay Exit Discharge Public walkway exterior exit DisCHarge Property line
sPeCiALty sPACes ConsiDerAtions
10’-0”
Dance space: floor area, floor surfaces, dance barre height, sound, ventilation, studio height, mirrors, color, seating Dark room: work space, counter height, chemical storage, light trap, light tight, maze, toe space, knee space, turn around, film loading room, ventilation, sinks, reach Wood and metal shops: work space, counter height, turn around, machine requirements, tool storage, reach, aisle width, dust collection, ventilation, toe space, knee space Culinary space: adjustable counter tops, counter height, sinks, turn around, appliance clearances, reach, ventilation, toe space, knee space Kiln: clearances, storage, reach, turn around, counter height, ventilation
10’-0”
10’-0”
exterior exit DisCHarge
floor egress
spring 2013
51
Http://WWW.nDta.org.uK/aDviCe-inforMation/DanCe-stuDio-speCifiCation/ Http://WWW.HotKilns.CoM/preorDer-CHeCKlist
WWW.sebastianDarKrooMproD.CoM/Design WWW.aDa.gov/.../2010asastanDarDs
WWW.aDa.gov/errors.pDf
sourCes
site reseArCh + LeeD
site reseArCh + LeeD
BirminghAm, ALABAmA BirminghAm
The largest city within the state of Alabama containing a population of over 200,000. Located in the center of the dstate with the cross roads of both Interstate 20 and 65 and started as an industrial city with mining and steel and iron milling. The city is divided into 9 districts.
65
Five Points
District 5 is also named the Five Points because its borders are the located in the middle of Birmingham city’s limits. Within its center contains our site.
D1
site
The site is an infill lot located two streets south of the Railroad Park, a local attraction that has been revitalizing the area and has become a symbol for the district itself.
65
AttrACtions hot sPots
D4
65
59
D9
Birmingham offers a lot of different possibilities for both locales and visitors that gives the city its diversity of entertainment.
20
65
59
rAiLroAD PArk
20
D5 78 11
The park is the closest attraction to our site offering large areas for eating and picnics alongside a pond. There are paths to walk along that surround fields for play and areas on the side for kids and dogs.
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
D2
20
78
D8
11
59
D6
D3 65
BArons BALL PArk
New construction for a ball park sits across the street to the Railroad Park that will hold Birmingham AA team the Barons.
20 59
D7
riCkwooD BALLPArk
65
Along with the new Baron’s Ballpark, Birmingham holds America’s oldest baseball park.
hot sPots
Birmingham holds multiple parks across its area including that of Ruffner Mountain Park, Red Mountain Park, Rail Road Park, and the Highland Park golf course.
DistriCts Map
0
2 mi
4 mi
8 mi
12 mi
16 mi
N
DistriCts Map Interstate Highway Site District 1 District 2 District 3 District 4 District 5 District 6 District 7 District 8 District 9 attraCtions Site Railroad Park Birmingham Barons Ball Park McWayne Science Center Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
1mi
Peanut Depot 3mi
Alabama Sports Hall of Fame Sloss Furnace
6mi
Cahaba River Society Highland Park Golf Course
9mi
Birmingham Zoo Birmingham Botanical Gardens
12mi
Rickwood Field Southern Museum of Flight
15mi
Red Mountain Park
attraCtions
0
2 mi
4 mi
8 mi
12 mi
16 mi
N
Ruffner Mountain Nature Center
spring 2013
57
site reseArCh + LeeD
site ACCessiBiLity wALking DistAnCes
The site is within close proximity to the urban downtown setting; therefore, walking is a viable means of transportation from the site to various parts of town. On average, in an urban setting, a person can walk 400 yards in 5 minutes and 800 yards in 10 minutes. Various walking destinations include the Railroad Park, the new baseball stadium, the UAB Medical facilities, and the Amtrak station.
trAFFiC sPeeD
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
Given the location of the site, traffic flow would fluctuate based on different times of the week. For example, certain streets would be more frequently used due to the demands of rush hour and work day traffic. Also, the speeds of the traffic can infer a presence of people on the streets. For example, the slower the traffic speed, the more likely cars are yielding to the increased flow of pedestrians. Likewise, streets with higher traffic act as more direct route of transportation and streets without any color do not have a consistent flow of traffic.
800 yards 10 minutes
400 yards 5 minutes
WalKing DistanCes
0
200 yds
400 yds
800 yds
1200 yds
N
WalKing DistanCes 800 yard walking radius 400 yard walking radius traffiC speeD > 50 mph 25 - 50 mph < 25 mph
spring 2013
59 traffiC speeD - WeeKenD
traffiC speeD - WorKDay
0
200 yds
400 yds
800 yds
1200 yds
N
site reseArCh + LeeD Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
site Amenities CommerCiAL
Commercial options include dining options and places for the public to buy merchandise. Many of the eateries are located on the bottom floors of the UAB Medical complexes and include mostly fast food options
institutionAL
The site is located in an old warehouse district with plenty of abandoned buildings around the immediate context. Most of the occupied buildings house businesses. The UAB hospital complexes are to the southeast and have a heavy influence around downtown area. The Birmingham Barons baseball stadium is set to be completed for the 2013 season while the Railroad Park lies just north of the site and offers outdoor entertainment for various times of the year.
CoMMerCial
0
200 yds
400 yds
800 yds
1200 yds
N
general Vacant Buildings Streets Site
CoMMerCial Business Entertainment Dining Shopping Night Life spring 2013
institutional Hospital Residential Religious Parking Bank
institutional
0
200 yds
400 yds
800 yds
1200 yds
N
61
site reseArCh + LeeD
site sPACes oPen sPACes
New developments around the site are encouraging the introduction of green spaces that advocate public interaction and community. Most predominately is the Railroad Park that provides the city of Birmingham something truly unique located in the heart of the downtown area. Open for most of the day, the park provides an ideal location for families and people of all ages.
PArking sPACes
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
Parking spaces are widely available from the removal and presence of empty lots around the site. The decline in activity in the district has caused people and businesses to relocate creating these empty lots. Further southeast, additional parking and parking garages are present in order to accommodate the increase in hospital workers.
open spaCes
0
200 yds
400 yds
800 yds
1200 yds
N
general Buildings Streets Site Open Spaces Parking Garages Parking Lots
spring 2013
63
parKing spaCes
0
200 yds
400 yds
800 yds
1200 yds
N
site reseArCh + LeeD
immeDiAte site ChArACteristiCs site seCtions
To the south, the site has on street parking on either side of the two way street. Also, light posts line the street for sidewalk illumination. To the north, the site has a back alley that is adjacent to a currently empty lot; however, there are plans for the construction of a four to five story housing development project. Also, there are power lines that run throughout the back part of the alley way. Immediately within the site are deciduous trees that have canopy sizes that range from 40’0” to 50’-0”. in diameter. These trees will have large root systems that have a high possibility of being harmed during the construction process. It would be highly recommended for the removal of the trees before construction begins.
seCtion a
Photo 1 shows a view of the site from the intersection towards the bottom of the slope. Notice the height differential between the two blocks. Photo 2 shows the site as viewed from an adjacent parking garage.
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
seCtion B
pHoto 1
B 8’ 12’
140’
29’
100’
5’ 8’
spring 2013
50’
65
12’
A seCtions
pHoto 2
N
site DiMensions
N
site reseArCh + LeeD
site ChArACteristiCs wAter FLow
The slope of the site drains to the northwest corner of the property. Likewise, the road south of the site slopes down from northeast to southwest, toward the baseball stadium. Photo 3 shows the slope of the site towards the baseball stadium. Level 5 27' - 7"
Photo 4 shows a northern view of the site as seen from the adjacent sidewalk. Photo 5 shows the slope of the road immediately in front of the site with views of downtown Birmingham in the foreground.
site seCtion
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
3
4
site Water Drainage
piCture loCation
5
pHoto 3 spring 2013
67
pHoto 4
pHoto 5
site reseArCh + LeeD
site ACtivity DAy/night ACtivity
The surrounding site dramatically changes as it transitions from daytime to nighttime. During the day, a higher concentration of people would be expected in the UAB Medical complexes as well as the Railroad park. Likewise, a few blocks to the east have a more populated business district thus accounting for greater activity. The site drastically changes after business hours have passed with the majority of the activity coming from the UAB Medical facilities and the Railroad Park area. The park stays open until 11:00 PM with plenty of people walking or running. The baseball stadium will be active at night time if the season is underway.
railroaD parK
summer/ winter ACtivity
During the summer months, the Railroad Park will see high activity, given good weather conditions. Also, the baseball stadium will be active in the middle of the season.
Day aCtivity
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
In the winter months, the Railroad Park will not be as busy as the summer months, but with plenty of sunshine and fair weather conditions the park will be busy with activity.
railroaD parK
gooD people breWery uab MeDiCal CoMplex nigHt aCtivity
0 yds
200 yds
400 yds
800 yds
1200 yds
N
Site
High Activity
Low Activity
- Activity denotes the increase in pedestrian flow which includes vehicles.
railroaD parK
spring 2013
69 suMMer aCtivity
railroaD parK
Winter aCtivity
0 yds
200 yds
400 yds
800 yds
1200 yds
N
site reseArCh + LeeD
CLimAte yeArLy winD DiAgrAm
The two diagrams to the right represent the wind data collected in Birmingham throughout the year. The bar graph is the percentage of wind coming out of the given direction. Where as the line graph below gives the percentage for every month.
13% 11%
PrevAiLing winDs DiAgrAm
The diagram to the bottom left shows the prevailing winds throughout the different seasons of the year. With the most wind coming from the south throughout the fall, winter, and spring. With the only other direction of wind coming from the west during the summer.
12% 10%
9% 7%
8%
8%
W
NW
winD rose
To the top right there is a wind rose that gives the wind direction, speed, and percentage throughout the year. With most of the year having calm winds and the most prevailing wind coming from the south 8% of the time.
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
Annual Wind Direction Percentage
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
sun PAth DiAgrAm
The sun path diagram to the right gives the location of the sun at given times of the day and year. The upper line represents the summer solstice with the position of the sun given at three hour intervals throughout the day. The lower line represents the suns path during the winter solstice providing the location and angle of the sun at three hour intervals as well. Therefore, the southwestern face of the site will receive the most amount of sunlight.
N (18%) 80%
NE (17%)
N (18%) 60%
E (16%)
S (17%)
40% NW (13%)
NE (17%) E (16%)
S (17%)
20% NW (13%) Jan
Feb Mar Apr
Annual Wind Direction
May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep Oct
Nov Dec
sun DiagraM Sun Angle
N 12%
Sun Path
10% MPH
8%
1.3 - 4 4-8 8 - 13 13 - 19 19 - 25
6% 4% 2%
WinD rose 1.3 - 4 mph 4 - 8 mph 8 - 13 mph 13 - 19 mph
W
calm 32.9%
E
19 - 25 mph
spring 2013
71 S
Birmingham Wind Rose
N 0 10
330
30
20 30 40
300
60
50
6 a.m.
60 70 80
6 p.m.
9 a.m.
W 270 3 p.m.
6 p.m.
240
3 p.m.
12 p.m.
210
9 a.m.
150 180 S
Summer/ Winter Sun Diagrams
90 E
12 p.m.
120
6 a.m.
site reseArCh + LeeD
CLimAte reLAtive humiDity
Birmingham’s humidity goes basically unnoticed until the summer months. The humidity never reaches an “uncomfortable” level, but when it combines with the heat it tends to get uncomfortable. As shown on the graph on the top right, the humidity stays very constant only ranging from 49% to 62%.
AnnuAL rAinFALL
105 F 84 F 63 F
The diagram at the bottom left shows the annual amount of rainfall received in the Birmingham area. The clouds represent increments of 0.5 inches.
41 F
sunny hours
20 F
Diagrams shows which months out of the year receive the most amount of sunlight per hour.
AnnuAL weAther
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec High and Low Temperatures
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
Indicates the different weather patterns in the Birmingham area for the year.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Rainfall
rainfall perCentages 0.5â&#x20AC;? of Rainfall
350
yearly WeatHer perCentage 210 Days of Sun
300
116 Days of Rain
Hours
38 Days Overcast
250
1 Day of snow
200
Hours
150
Low Temperatures
100
sunny Hours During Day tiMes Hours
50 0
HigH anD loW teMperatures High Temperatures
spring 2013
73
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Sunny Hours During Daytime
Months
.2% 1 Day 31.8% 116 Days
10% 38 Days
58% 210 Days
Annual Weather
site reseArCh + LeeD
CLimAte reLAtive humiDity
Birmingham’s humidity goes basically unnoticed until the summer months. The humidty never reaches an “uncomfortable” level, but when it combines with the heat it tends to get uncomfortable. As shown on the graph on the top right, the humidity stays very constant only ranging from 49% to 62%
heAting AnD CooLing
The bottom graph on this page addresses a topic of “degree days”. This is used to describe how much heating or cooling has to be used to reach a thermal comfort level inside a building. Anything above the “0” mark indicates that heating is needed and anything below “0” indicates that cooling is needed. Birmingham never requires a substantial amount of heating or cooling, but it seldom goes without needing active systems. Certain days in the months of April, May, September, and October can function passively throughout certain hours. According to this data, more degree days were needed to heat rather than cool in the city of Birmingham, in 2011. This data can inform decisions based on priority of types of heating and cooling systems needed throughout the year.
70 60
62%
59% 53%
50
55% 50% 49% 51%
57%
54%
53%
52%
56%
40 30 20
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
10 0
JAN
FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
Relative Humidity
relative HuMiDity 0.5” of Rainfall yearly WeatHer perCentage 210 Days of Sun 116 Days of Rain
1400 1200
spring 2013
75
1000 800 (16) (14.25)
200 400 600
(14.2) (4.5)
(4.9) (2.5)
JAN
(8.5)
(7.9) (13.1) (16.7) FEB MAR APR MAY A JUNE JULY AY L AUG SEPT OCT LY
Heating/Cooling Days
(14.4) COOLING HEATING COOLING HEATING
600 400 200 0
(11.9)
NOV
DEC
site reseArCh + LeeD
LeeD Point sPeCiFiCAtion DeFine LeeD:
The Leadership in Energy and Enviornmental Design. Independent certification program that provides voluntarly guidelines for developing high performance, sustainable buildings.
LeeD CLAssiFiCAtion grouPs
Leed certification is achieved by gaining the possible points that are in unique categories. These categories include: 1.Sustainable Sites 2. Water Efficiency 3. Energy and Atmosphere 4. Materials and Resources 5. Indoor Environmental Quality
DeveLoPment Density Community ConneCtivity
11
AnD
Development Density and Community Connectivity requires to construct or renovate building on a previously developed site and within 1/2 mile of a residential zone or neighborhood with an average density of 10 units per acre net and within 1/2 mile of at least 10 basic services and with pedestrian access between the building and the services.
PuBLiC trAnsit
Public Transportation access is attainable if a public transit station is within a 1/2 mile radius of the site.
100
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
19 24
mAteriALs & resourCes regionAL mAteriALs
Increased demand for building materials and products that are extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the use of indigenous resources and reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation. Use building materials or products that have been extracted, harvested or recovered, as well as manufactured, within 500 miles of the project site for a minimum of 10% (based on cost) of the total materials value. If only a fraction of a product or material is extracted/harvested/ recovered and manufactured locally, then only that percentage (by weight) shall contribute to the regional value.
13
33 leeD points Categories
leeD points Categories Energy & Atmosphere Sustainable Sites Indoor Enviromental Air Quality Materials & Resources Water Efficiency 1/2 Mile raDius Map Site Bus Station 1/2 Mile Radius Bus Stop Shopping Store Restaurant 500 Mile ManufaCturer raDius Map Birmingham, AL
330’
660’
1320’
77
Major Material Manufacturer
1/2 Mile raDius Map 0’
spring 2013
1980’
2640’
Manufacturers within Radius 500 Mile Radius
regional Materials mAJor mAteriALs mAnuFACturers within 500 miLes Alabama manufactureres ABC Supply Co. Inc. Mayco Industries Inc. Vulcan Materials Company Jasper Corporation Building Materials Wholesale Cashe & Carry Lumber & Supply Steel manufacturerers Besco Steel Supply All South Fabricators Inc ABF Incorperated Tri-Fab Steel Inc Mill Steel Co. Thompson Fabricating Thomas Steel Bama Steel 500 Mile ManufaCturer raDius 0 miles
100 miles
200 miles
400 miles
600 miles
N
miles
httP://weAthersPArk.Com/AverAges/29748/BirminghAm-ALABAmA-uniteD-stAtes httP://www.wrCC.Dri.eDu/Cgi-Bin/weA_winDrose.PL?LAkBhm
httP://sLoArDAt.uoregon.eDu/sunChArtProgrAm.htmL
www.esrL.noAA.gov/PsD/DAtA/usCLimAte httP://eosweB.LArC.nAsA.gov/sse/
www.wCC.nrCs.usDA.gov/CLimAte httP://www.nCDC.noAA.gov/
sourCes
PreCeDent reseArCh
PreCeDent reseArCh
urBAn DeveLoPment
The city of Birmingham is focusing a lot of funds and efforts to revitalize this abandoned warehouse district in near downtown Birmingham. The catalyst for the development in the area was the Railroad Park which was designed by landscape architect Tom Leadey and built in 2010. The park has many walking paths, a large pavilion where many community activities take place, and skateboarding features. Birmingham has more recently been working on the construction of the new Regions Field which will be the home of the Birmingham Barons, a minor-league baseball team. The stadium is an 8,500 seat stadium and will provide amenities such as a 800-person ballroom that overlooks the field and downtown, a childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s play area, a VIP lounge, and beer gardens.
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
Following these the development of these two icons for the city of Birmingham, an influx of development possibilities have began in the area. In response to the lack of housing in the area, several block-sized apartment complexes have begun to go into the area such as Cityville 121 and University House. Several other housing projects have been proposed for the area. Several of the warehouses in the area have been renovated and are home to bakeries, breweries, event spaces, and a few other businesses. Transit stations in the area are lacking. Union Station is in talks to be either rebuilt or renovated. There is also a new transit station proposed for the ballpark area.
railroaD parK
regions parK
DevelopMent Map Development: Completed or Under Construction: 1. University House 2. Regions Field 3. Bristol Southside Condos 4. Cityville 121
Development: Proposed
5. Pedestrian Bridge over train tracks 6. Housing Project 7. Housing Project 8. VA Center with parking garage
Development: Purchased Property by Developers 9. Property bought for development 10. Property bought for development
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DevelopMent Map
university House
railroaD parK
Precedent Research
Precedents Program
To the far right, the icons shown will be used on the following pages to show what types of programming are within the buildings described. All of the buildings vary greatly in the contents of the building. On the following pages, you will find a description and analysis of the following community arts centers which are shown to the right: • NMIT Arts and Media • Sásd Community Center • Maryvale Community Center Karakida Community Center • • Sunset Community Center Atlanta Contemporary Arts Center • • New Orleans Contemporary Arts Center • Kaufmann Program Center • RedLine
NMIT Arts and Miedia
Sasd Community Center
Maryvale Community Center
Karakida Community Center
Sunset Community Center
Atlanta Community Arts Center
Community Arts Center. Birmingham, AL
Two precedents are included that do not relate to the community arts center, however they are included to address the issues of the project. The first is an infill project, and the second a brick project. The projects presented are: • Art Stable Brick-Weave House •
On the following pages, a group of icons will be displayed on each page in the upper right corner. These icons relate to the different program spaces that each precedent contains or does not contain. The two colors are explained below. The icons are shown for reference as well. All icons shown below in this color are not included in the program space.
All icons shown below in this color are included in the program space.
Auditorium
Art Studio
Auditorium
Art Studio
Lobby
Conference
Lobby
Conference
Gym
Cafe
Gym
Cafe
Offices
Dance Studio
Offices
Dance Studio
Classroom
Art Shop
Classroom
Art Shop
Music Studio
Fabrication Shop
Music Studio
Fabrication Shop
Restroom
Amphitheater
Restroom
Amphitheater
Library
Gallery
Library
Gallery
New Orleans Community Arts Center
Kaufmann Program Center
Redline
Spring 2013
85
Precedent Research
NMIT Arts & Media Nelson, New Zealand Architect: Irving Smith Jack Architects General Contractor: Not Listed The project was a national design completion sponsored by the government to design a building that showcases timber construction in the structural form of the building and to encourage the use of timber in multiple story building construction. Its interior contains over 31,000 square feet of program space.
Exterior View
Program
The building contains a tri-story art teaching block and one story media and workshop area. The two are connected by a large atrium that faces the north.
Revitalization
The building is located in an area of New Zealand that is known as being an arts incubator. The building serves as an education facility for the industry of construction and will continue to serve so for years to come.
Community Arts Center. Birmingham, AL
Advantages/ Disadvantages
One advantage of this precedent is the unique construction of the building. The entire building is made out of lumber, and has won many wood awards for its innovative design. Many of the spaces are left open to the wood beams overhead. The location of the NMIT building is very similar to what the warehouse district is becoming. The area surrounding the precedent contains a large amount of residential buildings, as well as small storefront shops. A downside of this precedent is that it is owned by North Melbourne Institute of TAFE, and its spaces are mainly used for use by the school. The building is, however, open to the public. Community events are often held in the building as well.
Photographer: Patrick Reynolds
Exterior View
Exterior View
Atrium
Spaces included in program Spaces not included in program
stuDio spaCe
ConferenCe rooM
spring 2013
87
large Multipurpose rooM
stuDio spaCe
ClassrooM
first floor
seConD floor
tHirD floor
Precedent Research
Community Center Sásd, Hungary Architect: MARP / Márton Dévényi, Pál Gyürki-Kiss + Dévényi és Társa Ltd. / Sándor Dévényi General Contractor: Not Listed The Sasd Community Center was built for the Sasd Town Council in Sasd, Hungary. It was built in 2011, using all 28,000 square feet to its maximum potential. This Community Center is funded with educational funds from the local government to allow the children of the area to have additional places to learn.
Exterior View
Program
The Sasd Community Center provides the town with rooms equipped with educational resources like study circle facilities, library, computer lab, music room, and cafeteria. The Center also gives the residents of Sasd a chance to have a gym and event halls for many different occasions.
Community Arts Center. Birmingham, AL
Revitalization
To support the 3,500 residents of Sasd, Hungary the Community Center offers a large space for a wide range of opportunities. All these features clearly demonstrate the intention to create a cultural center for the town and serve the whole Sasd area in the form of a new community house.
Exterior View
Advantages/ Disadvantages
An advantage of this precedent is the concept of the window arrangement. The size and frequency of the windows directly correlates to the size of the space within. One disadvantage is the fact that the building is geared more towards sports programs as opposed to arts programs. The building is also run in conjunction with a school, and is partially supported by funding from the school.
Photographer: Zsolt Frikker
Large Multipurpose Space
Exterior View
Spaces included in program Spaces not included in program
MeDiuM Multipurpose spaCe
spring 2013
89
MeDiuM Multipurpose spaCe
floor plan
library
ClassrooM
Precedent Research
Maryvale Community Center Phoenix, Arizona Architect: Gould Evans Gen. Contractor: Smith Construction Management The Maryvale Community Center was completed in 2006 in Phoenix, AZ and consists of 43000 square feet. The design intention was to discover a way to maintain the existing recreational park all the while providing a building that energized the surrounding community. The Palo Verde Library has received numerous awards such as several Honor and Merit certificates.
Program
The Maryvale Community Center is a large multiuse facility based around the arts. The center has a large library, a 150 seat auditorium, drama and dance studios, and not to mention a wide variety of sports complexes. With a wide range of activities and areas, this community center provides an attendance rate for a large group of demographics.
Community Arts Center. Birmingham, AL
Revitalization
This project began adjacent to an existing recreational park, and was met with the challenge of needing to maintain the park and revitalize a civic presence in the community. The park alone draws many people to the area, however, after the development of the community center many more people began to flood to the area.
Exterior View
Advantages/ Disadvantages
One disadvantage of this precedent is that the majority of the program space is not devoted to the arts, but instead put towards a large gym, pool facility, and a library. It does, however, contain many different aspects of a community arts center. Many of the patrons of this complex come for the library, and are then in turn introduced to the large range of classes and community events available. The building is also located adjacent to a park, which is similar to the location provided in studio.
Photographer: Bill Timmerman
Street View
Spaces included in program Spaces not included in program
library
spring 2013
91
Multipurpose spaCe
floor plan
large Multipurpose spaCe
large Multipurpose spaCe
Precedent Research
Karakida Community Center Tama City, Japan Architect: Chiaki Arai Urban and Architecture Design General Contractor: Not Listed The Karakida Community Center was completed in 2011 in Tama City, Japan and consists of 2600 square feet. This project was built in a rural area to add a modern flair to the area. The surrounding area around the building provides many green spaces reflecting the years of outdoor activity that once took place there.
Program
The Karakida Community Center focuses in three main programs consisting of a library, community hall, and childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s house. Many of the rooms are single purpose, but are often rented and used accordingly. The building itself acts as a focus for a wide range of activities and demographics.
Revitalization
The site was once a rural, hilltop area. In the past, the site was a gathering place, and boasts up to 650 visitors a day, bringing many people to the area.
Community Arts Center. Birmingham, AL
Advantages/Disadvantages
The population of Tama City is very similar to Birmingham. The Karakida Community Center is located in the midst of a residential development that was constructed in the 1970s. From the information gathered on future developments, the Warehouse district in Birmingham will soon have a context almost identical to that of Tama City with the construction of large residential buildings. The program itself is very flexible, and can be adapted to many different uses.
Exterior View
Photographer: Taisuke Ogawa Exterior View
Exterior View
Spaces included in program Spaces not included in program
reHearsal spaCe
spring 2013
93
Cafe/lobby
perforManCe spaCe
first floor
seConD floor
lobby
Precedent Research
Sunset Community Center Vancouver, Canada Architect: Bing Thom Architects General Contractor: Haebler Construction The Sunset Community Centre was built in 2007 and is 30,000 square feet and is located in Vancouver, Canada. It was designed by Bing Thom Architects and was built by Peter Bazilewich & Alex Strega. The Sunset Community Centre is LEED gold.
Program
The Sunset Community Centre is a multipurpose community center that houses a preschool, gymnasium, exercise rooms and a host of other community activities. The back and sides of the building serve as a background for outdoor activities. It has playing fields, greenhouses and planting beds of the adjacent Vancouver Park Board site.
Exterior View
Revitalization
The building has been tremendously popular and the Sunset Community Centre membership increased by 40% in the first three months since opening.
Community Arts Center. Birmingham, AL
Advantages/Disadvantages
This precedent gives a good example of a community center with large open spaces for interaction with people of the community. It provides a cafe, classrooms, and a library. But it is more heavily geared towards an athletic center which is not the focus of the project.
Photographer: Nic Lehoux
Exterior View
Spaces included in program Spaces not included in program
basKetball Court
spring 2013
95
lobby
first floor
lobby
seConD floor
HallWay
Precedent Research
Atlanta Contemporary Center Atlanta, Georgia Architect: Not Listed General Contractor: Not Listed
Arts
The Atlanta Contemporary Art Center was founded in 1973. In 1989, The Atlanta Contemporary Art Center renovated a 30,000 square foot warehouse complex on Means Street, near the Georgia Tech campus.
Program
The Atlanta Contemporary Art Center has a range of exhibitions and educational programs including an expanded Studio Artist Program. These programs play a significant role in the advancement of the careers of artists and arts professionals.
Revitalization
Atlanta Contemporary Art Center played a vital role in Atlantaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cultural landscape by presenting cutting-edge contemporary art reflective of the world around us, offering diverse educational programming for people of all ages.
Community Arts Center. Birmingham, AL
Advantages/Disadvantages
The center is a good example of the types of interior gallery and studio spaces that could be implemented into the project. The centerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s square footage is right along the lines of the square footage of the project as well. A downside of this project is the lack of variety of spaces. The majority of the program areas are purely devoted to either gallery space or administration space.
Exterior View
Exterior View
Spaces included in program Spaces not included in program
outDoor Multipurpose spaCe
spring 2013
97
gallery
gallery
gallery
Precedent Research
Contemporary Arts Center New Orleans, Louisiana Architect: Not Listed General Contractor: Not Listed The Contemporary Arts Center (CAC) was established in 1976 with the goal of combining visual and performing arts under one roof. It began as an artist run, artist driven community organization in the empty arts district of New Orleans. The CAC moved into its current building after being renovated in 1990. The building itself is around 30,000 square feet.
Program
The CAC is a four story warehouse, and devotes two stories, about 10,000 square feet, to galleries and exhibit space that hosts a multitude of rotating exhibitions. The building itself contains a theater, multiple galleries, a “blank canvas” warehouse/ multipurpose room, galleries, art labs, rehearsal hall, cafe and shop, studio space, classrooms, administrative offices, and a large lobby.
Community Arts Center. Birmingham, AL
Revitalization
The CAC was set up in an existing arts district within the Warehouse District of New Orleans, however, the arts were struggling to survive and revitalize the area. The building itself continues to bring people to the area, as well as bring new businesses. The CAC’s main focus is to be cemented in its community-based programs and initiatives.
Exterior View
Advantages/Disadvantages
The size of the center is right at the size which our project is at. The location of the center is also in a similar type of area in which the site for this project is located in Birmingham. The gallery spaces, theatre, studios, and other spaces are along the lines of those that could be implemented into this project. A disadvantage of this precedent is that it is a renovation project as opposed to new construction. Exterior View
Spaces included in program Spaces not included in program
Multipurpose spaCe
spring 2013
99
lobby
gallery
first floor
seConD floor
gallery
Precedent Research
Kaufmann Program Center Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Architect: Renaissance 3 Architects General Contractor: Massaro Corporation The Kaufmann Program Center was renovated and completed in 2011, and features a complex of 20,500 square feet. This project was a renovation project, and the original building was built in 1928. The campus also features a large green space and outdoor areas.
Program
This community center is a model setting for community events, cultural arts, performances and recitals. The facility contains a multi-use auditorium with removable seating on the floor and permanent seating in the balcony, classrooms, a cafe, administration offices, a large lobby, and an amphitheater. The building itself serves many functions and acts as a central location for many demographics.
Community Arts Center. Birmingham, AL
Revitalization
After its opening in 1928, the community center drew more than 70,000 people a year to the neighborhood. The neighborhood itself is Pittsburghâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most well-known African American neighborhood. Throughout its history, the community center has attracted many notable musicians, authors, artists, and statesmen, and the recent renovation continues to draw many people to this area.
Street View
Advantages/ Disadvantages
One major advantage of this precedent is its impact it has in the community. It contains a wide variety of program spaces that can be adapted to many different uses. A disadvantage of this precedent is that it is a renovation project instead of new construction. It is also located on a much larger site than the one provided in Birmingham.
Photographer: Ed Massery
Exterior View
Exterior View
Spaces included in program Spaces not included in program
lobby
first floor of auDitoriuM
spring 2013
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balCony of auDitoriuM
first floor
auDitoriuM
seConD floor
Precedent Research
RedLine Denver, Colorado Architect: Semple-Brown General Contractor:Spectrum General Contractor The RedLine project is a 20,000 square foot renovation project that was completed in 2008. The building first began as a warehouse, and still holds three large loading docks with glass doors to allow natural light to flood the interior.
Program
The program of this building is mainly geared to artists in the community. The building holds ten smaller studios for â&#x20AC;&#x153;mid career artists,â&#x20AC;? and three larger studios for more established artists. The layout of the building is around a central multipurpose exhibition space, and in order for an artist to get to their respective studio, one must travel through the exhibition space.
Exterior View
Revitalization
Community Arts Center. Birmingham, AL
1
A key component of the vision of RedLine is to interact and be a part of the larger community. The cost of rental of the studio spaces is heavily reduced due to the requirement of the in-house artists to spend time in community outreach. The complex also includes a large community space dedicated to community arts activities. This is done so that the community can be active in RedLine, as well as the artists active in the community. The neighborhood the building is located in is an area in desperate need of revitalization, and RedLine has served as a catalyst for revitalization.
Exterior View
Advantages/ Disadvantages
A disadvantage of this precedent is the lack of interdisciplinary spaces, as the majority of the building is focused purely on art. A great aspect of this building is its emphasis on the community. The building contains a community room to hold many public events.
Photographer: Ron Pollard
Gallery
Exterior View
Spaces included in program Spaces not included in program
gallery
spring 2013
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ConferenCe rooM
floor plan
gallery
reCeption spaCe
Precedent Research
Infill Precedent: Art Stable Seattle, Washington Architect: Olson Kundig Architects General Contractor:Spectrum General Contractor Art Stable is a seven-story building that houses five live-work units. The infill project features large windows that are operable by a crane which opens them. The opening of the windows allows for cross-ventilaton through the building. The building also takes advantage of the side of the building which only touches the neighboring building on one floor. Windows are located along that face of the building along with the front and back facades. The glass and steel materiality allude to the warehouse aesthetic of the developing industrial neighborhood. The building has many sustainable features such as: • in-floor radiant cooling and heating • geothermal heat pump system • natural ventilation • flexibility to accommodate for future sustainable features to be added to the building
Community Arts Center. Birmingham, AL
Photographer: Tim Bies
Street View
Mechanical Windows
Exterior View
Interior View
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Exterior View
Floor Plan
Interior View
Exterior View
Precedent Research
Brick Precedent: Brick-Weave House Chicago, IL Architect: Studio Gang General Contractor: Not Listed The Brick-Weave House is a three story single family residence in Chicago, Illinois. The house contains over 3000 square feet of floor space. The exterior of the building is clad in brick, however every other brick in a course is removed. This in turn creates a screen on the street side. The area enclosed by this screen is a small garden and patio area. The screen helps to establish privacy from the street and create a semi-private space for the family. The brick casts a pattern of shadows on the floor of the home in a hexagonal pattern, thus creating a visual connection the garden outside. At night, the garden is lit up, and the effect is reversed. The shadows cast establish a connection to the interior, while maintaining privacy. Photographer: Steve Hall
Community Arts Center. Birmingham, AL
Street View
Exterior View
Brick Facade
Interior View
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Courtyard
First Floor
Interior View
Second Floor
Interior View
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sourCes
DemogrAPhiCs
DemogrAPhiCs
the PeoPLe rACe AnD ethniCity
Race versus Ethnicity: According to the Census, race and ethnicity are considered two seperate and distinct identities. Hispanic or Latino origin is asked as a seperate question and categorized under ethnicity. In addition to their race and/or races, all respondents are categorized by one of two ethnicities, which are “Hispanic” and “Non Hispanic”. Hispanic Ethnicity: According to the Census, people of Hispanic origin, were those who indicated that their origin was Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American or some other Hispanic origin. It should be noted that people of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
genDer
American Indian and Alaskan Native 0.45% Asian 1.56%
Other 2.06%
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander 0.09%
The populations of women and men are mostly equal with women inhabitating slightly more of Birmingham.
LAnguAges
Minor percentages of Birmingham speak Spanish and other non English languages while almost everyone else speaks English.
White 42.17%
Age
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
The Birmingham area has a large number of children ages 1 to 17 but the majority of the population is made up of ages 25-54.
African American 53.67%
Total Population: 212,413 raCe anD etHniCity
English
raCe anD etHniCity American Indian and Alaskan Asian Other Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander White African American
Women 53.2%
genDer Women Men
Men 46.8%
Other Spanish genDer
languages English Language Other Language Spanish Language
languages
18% 16% 14%
spring 2013
113
12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 0-5 age
6-11
12-17
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65-74 75-84 85 and over
DemogrAPhiCs
eDuCAtion grADuAtion rAtes
As of 2012, Birmingham, Alabama has a graduation rate that has dropped 16% within the nine surrounding districts. According to the new four year cohort rates, only 72% of The City of Birmingham School District students graduate on time. Most students that did not graduate were classified as unknown, due to insufficient records. A majority of the unknown reasons for not graduating were due to former students transfering out of the City of Birmingham School District improperly. The data presented represents the percentage of people in the area over the age of 25 who have attained a particular education level as of 2010.
Transfer to Different School Dropped Out Graduate from High School Do Not Graduated from High School
ComPLeteD eDuCAtion LeveLs
graDuation rates
As of 2010, Alabama has recorded the highest education levels attained by a popluation above the age of 25. The followin catergories were observed: 1) Did Not Complete High School 2) Completed High School 3) Some College 4) Completed Associate Degree 5) Completed Bachelors Degree 6) Completed Graduate Degree
42%
sChooLs in BirminghAm DistriCts
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
A total of nine districts are represented for the Birmingham area. Within this boundary, nine schools are represented.
9.81%
17%
18.24%
59% 86%
6.79%
26.98%
22.57%
15.61%
CoMpleteD eDuCation levels
CoMpleteD eDuCation levels Completed Graduate Degree
Number of Grade Schools Primary Schools (K-8th) 9 Elementary Schools 33 Middle Schools 13 High Schools 7
Completed Bachelor Degree Completed Associate Degree
65
Completed High School
Number of Institutions Colleges and Universities 70+
Some High School No High School
D1
area sCHools Schools in Birmingham Districts
65
D4
65
59
Gradiant Shift Represented by District Change
D2
20
D9 65
59
20
D5 78 11
20
78
D8
11
59
D3
D6
spring 2013
65
115
20 59
D7 65
N 0
8
16
32
sCHools in birMingHaM DistriCts
48
64
DemogrAPhiCs
home AnD inCome sourCe oF inCome
Much of Birminghamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population has an income from salary and social security with other categories such as investments, retirement, supplemental security, self employment and public assistance making up the remaining of the percentages.
otHer
househoLD mAkeuP
retireMent
These pie charts show the percentages of the different possibilities of family makeup in Birmingham homes. Each chartâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proportions relate to its makeup category listed A through F.
publiC assistant
11%
15%
5%
other inFormAtion
The median age for men in Birmingham is 32.5 percent while women in the city have an average age of 37.4 percent. The average size of a family living in Birmingham is 3.05 members.
suppleMental seCurity
soCial seCurity
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
investMents
self eMployMent
salary area sourCe of inCoMe
9%
30%
19%
8%
,
sourCe of inCoMe =5% HouseHolD MaKeup
46.58% 53.42%
a
40.59%
59.41%
Male Householder Female Householder
b
7.05%
10.57%
34.48%
47.90%
35.56%
64.44% e
b
17.62%
37.81%
62.19%
82.38% C
f
HouseHolD MaKeup
MeDian age for Men
otHer inforMation
32.5
MeDian age for WoMen
37.4
C
With No Children With Children
e
Female Householder No Husband With Children Female Householder No Husband No Children Male Householder No Wife No Children Male Householder No Wife With Children
D
a
D
Female Householder No Husband With Children Female Householder No Husband No Children
average faMily siZe
3.05
Married Family Not Married Family f
Family Not A Family
spring 2013
117
DemogrAPhiCs
househoLD inCome rAtes househoLD inCome
AnD
Crime
Most of Birminghamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s income is lower than $60,000 a year with only small percentages of residents making more.
Crime
Birmingham crime statistics report an overall upward trend in crime based on data from eleven years with violent crime increasing and property crime increasing. Based on this trend, the crime rate in Birmingham for 2013 is expected to be higher than that in 2010. The city violent crime rate for Birmingham in 2010 was lower than the national violent crime rate average and the city poverty crime rate average.
$150 - $200K $200K
Plus
$100 - $150K
60 100 -$
$
In 2010 the city violent crime rate in Birmingham was lower than the violent crime rate in Alabama and the city poverty crime rate in Alabama.
$
40 60 -$
$ Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
K K
25 40 -$
K
10 25
$
10 Less
$ HouseHolD inCoMe
-$
K or
K
HouseHolD inCoMe =5%
89
2,033
5,334
property CriMe Arson Motor Vehicle Theft Burglary Larceny and Theft violent CriMe Murder and Manslaughter Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assualt
12,267 property CriMe inCiDents
85
214 spring 2013
119
1,537
1,364 violent CriMe inCiDents
httP://www.CLrseArCh.Com/BirminghAm-DemogrAPhiCs/AL/eDuCAtion-LeveL-AnD-enroLLment httP://www.CLrseArCh.Com/BirminghAm-DemogrAPhiCs/AL/eDuCAtion-LeveL-AnD-enroLLment
www.CLrseArCh.Com/BirminghAm-DemogrAPhiCs/AL/PoPuLAtion-B-y-rACe-AnD-ethniCity www.CLrseArCh.Com/BirminghAm-DemogrAPhiCs/AL/eDuCAtion-LeveL-AnD-enroLLment www.CLrseArCh.Com/BirminghAm-DemogrAPhiCs/AL/PoPuLAtion-By-Age www.CityrAting.Com/Crime-stAtistiCs/ALABAmA/BirminghAm.htmL httP://www.City-DAtA.Com/City/BirminghAm-ALABAmA.htmL httP://www.City-DAtA.Com/City/BirminghAm-ALABAmA.htmL Http://tHenounproJeCt.CoM
sourCes
ConstruCtion sPeCiFiC issues
AsPhALt
The first site issue that needs to be addressed is removing the asphalt. To remove the asphalt, a large bulldozer will be required on site along with an excavator to fill the dump trucks to carry the old asphalt off site. The delivery of equipment will need to be done on 2nd Avenue (East).
e nu
ve tA
1s
trees
e Sit
r
ste
mp
Du
th ou
As the removal of asphalt is taking place removing every tree from the site will be done as required. To cut down all trees a sub-contractor will be hired to remove the trees. Following the removal of trees, the foundation for the building will be ready to be installed.
on
cti tru ns g o C gin Sta a e Ar
tS ee Str
n tio uc ing r t rk ns Co Pa
ler
rai eT
Sit
uth
So
th 18
ConstruCtion - sPeCiFiC issues
site sPeCiFiC issues
th
ou
th 19
n
d 2n
ee Str
unLoADing
e Av
th
ou
tS
To avoid contact with the power lines on the west alley, deliveries will be need to be done on 1st Avenue. Big equipment and tools such as bulldozers and cranes will be delivered on 1st Avenue while smaller deliveries will be taken to the alleyway.
S ue
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
site oFFiCe AnD storAge
The site office and storage will be dependent on which of the two options are the cheapest: renting out the next door building or getting a site trailer to put in the west lot. If the west lot is rented out, it will hold the portable toilets, site office, and store materials and equipment. In order for this lot to be used, it will need to be leveled to maximize available space. If one of the properties next door is used, it will be used for offices and toilets. Whichever of these options saves the most money will be used.
th
ou
n
S ue
3rd
1. 0’
ContAminAte soiL
The site was previously used as a junkyard. The soil is contaminated with old automobile fluids and will need to be dug out and hauled away from the site. 2.
50’
100’
200’
N
e Av
site layout Building Site Construction parking Construction staging area Site trailer Roll off dumpsters and Port a Johns Construction fence 1. Site Map 2. Current Site 3. Empty Lot to the North of the Site 4. Adjacent Building to the East 5. Alleyway at the Back
3.
spring 2013
125
4.
5.
neighBors
e nu
The site has existing buildings on both sides. The neighbor to the right has a front facade that overlaps our site by 15 feet. They also have power entering their building from the left side of their building which is in our site and exhaust vents on the same side. To keep a good relationship with the neighbors we don’t want to take any on street parking away from their customers.
ve tA
uth
So
1s
th
18 th
ou
tS
ee
Str
ConstruCtion - sPeCiFiC issues
site sPeCiFiC issues
street trAFFiC
There is a steady flow of traffic on the street in front of the site. To prevent a traffic problem we would want to make all deliveries during the slow times of the day, 9-11 am and 1-4 pm.
th
ou
19
n
ve dA
th
2n
ee
Str ou
tS
rAin DAys
S ue
th
Depending on when the construct will begin excess rain days might need to be accounted for so the site can dry out.
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
Power Lines
The power lines that surround the north and south entrances to the jobsite will present a major issue for the construction phase of this project. The power lines will inhibit the movement of cranes or lulls moving materials from the staging area to the jobsite. There are three large transformers on one power pole in the middle of the north portion of the jobsite that will create a major hazard to tall trucks and equipment.
th
ou
S ue
n
3rd
1. 0’
50’
100’
200’
N 1.73”
0.57”
0.96”
Jan0.46” feb
Mar0.90” apr
0.76”
0.27”
May0.39” June
sept
MontHly averages 0.89”
July 0.19”
aug
0.08”
e Av
oCt
nov
0.54”
DeC 0.125”
2012 WeatHer 3.500”
2.
7.125”
site layout Building Site Construction parking Construction staging area Site trailer Roll off dumpsters and Port-a-Johns Delivery routes 1. Delivery Routes 2. Daily Precipitation for 2012 3. Service Line Connection 4. Power Line
spring 2013
127
3.
4.
Construction - Specific Issues
Cost Estimating Equipment
We estimated the cost for equipment to be $5 per square foot. The total cost for equipment would be $150,000.
Plumbing
We estimated the cost for plumbing to be $10 per square foot. The total cost for equipment would be $300,000.
Heating, Ventilation, Conditioning
and
Air
We estimated the cost for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning to be $13 per square foot. The total cost for this would be $390,000.
Electrical
We estimated the cost for electrical work to be $13 per square foot. The total cost for electrical work would be $390,000.
Total Mechanical and Electrical
We estimated the cost for mechanical and electrical work to equal $42 dollars per square foot. The total cost for this would be $1,260,000.
1.
Total Construction Cost:
Community Arts Center. Birmingham, AL
We estimated the cost for construction of this building to be $148 per square foot and $11 per cubic foot.
Total estimated. feet: $4,440,000
cost in square
Total estimated cost in cubic feet: $4,950,000
2.
Cost breaKDoWn Mechanical Total construction cost Equipment Plumbing HVAC Electrical 1. View of into Site 2. View from Back of Site 3. View from Street 4. Cost Breakdown
3.
$1,260,000
142 S.F. 30,000 S.F.
$4,440,000
149 S.F. 30,000 S.F.
$150,000
5 S.F. 30,000 S.F.
$300,000
10 S.F. 30,000 S.F.
$390,000
spring 2013
13 S.F. 30,000 S.F.
4.
$390,000
42 S.F. 30,000 S.F.
129
r.s. Means CoMpany rsMeans builDing ConstruCtion Cost Data,
67tH eDition, 2008
Http://tHenounproJeCt.CoMion
sourCes
ProgrAm
Program
Program Decision Original Building Types
Thirteen building types were analyzed and given rankings based upon how well they would revitalize this warehouse district. 1. Farmer’s Market 2. Dance Studio 3. Apartments 4. Higher Education 5. Condominiums 6. Theatre / Open Auditorium 7. Religious Center 8. Art Studios 9. Community (Arts) Outreach Center 10. Music Venue 11. Hotel 12. Radio Station 13. Restaurant
Project Analysis
The group took the thirteen original building types and decided to pick the best five based on the general consensus among the team and the other groups working alongside them. The consensus consisted of the probability of the building going into the neighborhood, the chance of the building help revitalize the surroundings and how effective they thought the building would be in attracting new population in the area.
began research on all five building possibilities with the intentions of being able to present five cases to their professors and to finalize which building type would be most effective in achieving our goals. After researching the possibility of the theatre/ auditorium building, it was assumed ineffective because the nearby ball park already has concerts and the group agreed that the site would not be suitable for the building type. The dance studio was judged ineffective because the group felt that limiting the space to a dance studio would decrease the chances of the building type being a success in the environment therefore the building type no longer met the the project’s needs. The religious center was deemed ineffective because there was already over twenty churches within close proximity of the area. Towards the end of the discussion, the community arts center was selected because the group predicted that this building type would help bring people to the area, encourage urban revitalization, and the existing residents in the area would have something new in the struggling neighborhood.
Community Arts Center. Birmingham, AL
Once the five were chosen, the group
1. Restaurant
2. Theatre Auditorium
Narrowed Building Types 1. Restaurant 2. Theatre / Auditorium 3. Dance Studio 4. Religious Center 5. Community Arts Center
Community Arts Center Why a Community Arts Center?
Historically, a Community Arts Center was the most valuable option. The program was determined based upon the “present” which is a struggling warehouse district and the “future” which is to hopefully become a thriving urban area of mixed use residential and service facilities.
“Cultural” vs. “Community”
The word “community” is very important to this project because it has everything to do with revitalization. “Culture” is already in the area and has laid a foundation for the arts, and by providing a home (and means) for these arts, the area can begin to thrive again.
Effect on Demographics
Projections indicate that because of the VA Hospital that 300 new visitors should come to the area daily, along with 200 new employees. Up-and-coming service facilities will explode in number and will become a normal occurrence in this area, but this community arts center will lead a positive progressive movement towards
3. Dance Studio
revitalization. Also, 300 new units of housing are proposed to be built in the next three years. This will increase the value of real estate and the need for public transportation and green space.
What is It?
Mission Statement: The Railroad Community Arts Center is a catalyst for improvement in the quality of life and urban environment with programs focused on enhancing the minds and bodies of the community through fellowship, teaching, and establishing a relationship between local artists and the community.
Project Requirements Sizing Your Program
The total gross square footage is 30,000 SF. This program type has a net ratio that is 70% of the gross. Therefore, the largest programmatic sf allowed is 21,000 SF. The ideal sf is 17,000 SF - 18,000 SF.
Developing A Focus
After the site visit, we realized that all of the room types that would be a good addition to this area could not fit onto this site and the Community Arts Center would be spread too thin. But after talking with architects and residents it was determined that this Community Arts Center should not just graze the bare minimum of all the arts located in Birmingham but should focus in depth on one of the three types:
4. Religious Center
4. Medium Space (5+) M. Art Studio: Jewelry - 500 SF [Requires Y] - Enough industrial sinks for cleanup N. Art Studio: Painting - 800 SF Enough industrial sinks for cleanup O. Art Studio: Photography - 800 SF - 400 SF goes into a dark room P. Art Studio: Pottery - 800 SF [Requires Y] - Enough industrial sinks for cleanup Q. Art Studio: Sculpture (3D Art) 1,000 SF - Enough industrial sinks for 3. Commercial Space (1-2) Outlining The Program cleanup I. Bakery - 1,200 SF - Needs service R. Classroom - 500 SF each space (300 SF) and customer space. 1. Large Space (2) [Suggested: 3] - Overhead transparency Customer space needs seating and A. Film Theatre - 4,000 SF [Requires projector tables. Service space needs commercial LL & MM] - Requires a projector in small S. Learning Kitchen - 1,000 SF sized, energy efficient appliances, such as room with seats at an incline. Ceiling freezers, refrigerators, ovens, ranges, etc. Energy efficient, commercial equipment, height needs to be at least 20 feet. Screen i.e. ranges, ovens, refrigerators, & J. Cafe / Coffee House - 1,200 needs to be sized to fit widescreen (16:9) freezers. SF - Needs service space (300 SF) or fullscreen (4:3) images. T. Dance Studio - 1,500 SF [Requires and customer space. Customer space B. Concert Hall / Performance Hall Z] - Mirrored wall and bar needs seating and tables. Service space - 4,000 SF [Requires LL] - Stage required U. Welding Shop - 1,000 SF needs commercial sized, energy efficient in a room designed to enhance acoustics. appliances, such as freezers, refrigerators, Hydraulic machine and air compressor Ceiling height needs to be at least 20 feet. V. Wood Shop - 1,000 SF - Variety of ovens, ranges, etc. C. Banquet Hall with Stage - 4,000 saws and air filter system K. Local Artist Gift Shop - 400 SF SF [Requires EE] - Room with large tables W. Yoga / Aerobics Room - 1,500 SF Local artists are commissioned to create with an even number of seating (with - Mirrored wall and barre items to sell for support of the arts. room partitions). Standard room height is L. Restaurant - 1,500 SF - Needs adequate, at least 14 FT is ideal however. 5. Small Space service space (750 SF) and customer X. Film Editing Room - 300 SF space. Customer space needs seating 2. Gallery Space (2+) - 1,500 SF Multiple computers and desks and tables. Service space needs D. Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Art Gallery - 500 SF Y. Kiln Room - 150 SF - Exhaust fan commercial sized, energy efficient - Open space with light-colored partition Z. Locker Room w Showers - 300 SF appliances, such as freezers, refrigerators, walls, and indirect lighting - Include lockers and showers ovens, ranges, etc. E. Film Gallery - 600 SF - Open space AA. Prop Room - 200 SF - Adequate Film / Performing Arts, Visual Arts, or Historic / Industrial Arts. It is the goal of this more in-depth center to be the springboard, or art incubator for this area. The idea is that once one type of art is thriving on this site, that other centers would open in the area focusing on other art types and that they will work together. This, in turn, not only still falls under the same mission statement, but becomes a more successful catalyst for growth.
with light-colored partition walls, and indirect light F. Local Art Gallery - 500 SF - Open space with light-colored partition walls, and indirect light G. Sculpture Gallery - 500 SF - Open space with light-colored partition walls, and indirect lighting H. Visiting Art Gallery - 500 SF Open space with podiums for artwork, and indirect lighting
storage and shelving 6. Administrative Space BB. Directorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Office - 300 SF [Required] - Extra chairs and table for small meetings CC. Meeting Space - 400 SF [Required] - Visual board with tacks and marker surfaces DD. Office - 150 SF each [Suggested: 3] 7. Service Space EE. Catering Kitchen - 1,000 SF FF. Kitchenette (for Employees)- 220 SF - With dining area for employees GG. Kitchenette (for Performers) - 100 SF - Energy efficient appliances, including microwaves, refrigerators, etc. HH. Restroom (for Employees) - 80 SF II. Restroom (for Performers) - 80 SF JJ. Restroom (Public) - 400 SF 8. Reception Space KK. Lobby (with Reception Desk) 700 SF [Required] - Reception desk with chairs in waiting area LL. Box Office - 20 SF MM. Concessions - 40 SF 9. Outdoor Space OO. Greenspace - 4,000 SF - 15,000 SF - Such as accessible roof, courtyard, front yard, back yard, or balcony.
Spring 2013
5. Community Arts Center
5. Community Arts Center
5. Community Arts Center
5. Community Arts Center
135
ProgrAm Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
Community Arts Center
LOCKERS
outLining your ProgrAm
Requirements for choosing the specific program for this site: 1. Large Space (2) A. Film Theatre B. Concert Hall / Performance Hall C. Banquet Hall w/ Stage 2. Gallery Space (2+) - 1,500sf D. Children’s Art Gallery E. Film Gallery F. Local Art Gallery G. Sculpture Gallery H. Visiting Art Gallery 3. Commercial Space (1-2) I. Bakery J. Cafe / Coffee House K. Local Artist Gift Shop L. Restaurant 4. Medium Space (5+) M. Art Studio: Jewelry N. Art Studio: Painting O. Art Studio: Photography P. Art Studio: Pottery Q. Art Studio:Sculpture (3D) R. Classroom S. Learning Kitchen T. Dance Studio U. Welding Shop V. Wood Shop W. Yoga / Aerobics Room 5. Small Space X. Film Editing Room Y. Kiln Room Z. Locker Room w/ Showers AA. Prop Room 6. Administrative Space BB. Director’s Office CC. Meeting Space DD. Office 7. Service Space EE. Catering Kitchen FF. Kitchenette (Employees) GG. Kitchenette (Performer) HH. Restroom (Employees) II. Restroom (Performers) JJ. Restroom (Public) 8. Reception Space KK. Lobby (w/ Reception) LL. Box Offce MM. Concessions 9. Outdoor Space OO. Green Space
BANQUET HALL
DANCE STUDIOS
FILM THEATRE
SCULPTURE PHOTOGRAPHY
CONCERT HALL
CAFE
LARGE SPACES
MEDIUM SPACES
ART STUDIOS WOOD SHOP PAINT
BAKERY
COMMERCIAL URBAN SPACES DEVELOPMENT
JEWELRY
GIFT SHOP
PROGRAM SPACES
RESTAURANT
GALLERY
MEETING ROOM
MEP
SHOWERS
LAVATORY
DIRECTOR’S OFFICE
SERVICE SPACES
ADMINISTRATIVE SPACES
KITCHENETTE
CoMMunity arts Center DiagraM
RECEPTIONS EXHIBITIONS
RAILROAD EGRESS / COMMUNITY ARTS CIRCULATION CENTER
DINING
POTTERY
REVITALIZATION CLASSROOM
OFFICES
LOBBY
RECEPTION SPACES BOX OFFICE
RECEPTION DESK
Gallery
Cafe / Bakery / Coffee House Kitchenette
Lobby / Reception
Offices / Meeting Areas Restrooms
Egress / Circulation Mechanical
PreCeDent FLoor PLAn AnALysis
The square footages of precedents were estimated and analyzed. These precedents were chosen based upon them having a similar building program and them containing the same type of amenities as the program we developed. This analysis successfully allows one to compare the ratio of each type of space to the whole and to each similar space in the other precedent studies.
KaufMann prograM Center (renaissanCe 3 arCHiteCts, pittsburgH, 2011) - 20,500 SF
Maryvale CoMMuntiy Center (goulD evans, pHoenix, 2006) - 40,200 SF
DinaH WasHington Cultural arts Center / allen JeMison builDing (renovation, 20tH Century, r. 2011)- 45,000 sf
Hungary CoMMunity arts Center (Marp / Márton Dévényi, pál gyürKi-Kiss + Dévényi és társa ltD. / sánDor Dévényi, 2011) - 30,000 SF
atlanta ConteMporary arts Center (renovation, 1973, r. 1989) - 30,000 SF
KaraKiDa CoMMunity Center (CHiaKi arai urban anD arCHiteCture Design, toKyo, 2011) - 28,000 SF
Center for investigating HealtHy MinDs (Korb treDo, MaDison, Wi, 2012) - 10,664 SF
Medium & Small Spaces
nMit arts & MeDia (nelson, neW ZealanD, 2010) - 32,000 SF
137 spatial relationsHip stuDy
spatial relationsHip stuDy Large Spaces
spring 2013
ProgrAm
FiLm / PerForming Arts
This program accommodates the need for a home for film and performing arts in the Birmingham area. This will be a venue for The Sidewalk Film Festival and serve as an incubator for performing as well. Performance is an art relating to all ages and cultural backgrounds enabling this program to service the present and future needs through revitalization.
LL. Box Office - 20 SF (4 FT x 5 FT)- 1:10 SF - Occupancy: 2
J. Cafe/ Coffee House - 1,200 SF (40 FT x 30 FT) - 1:4 SF - Occupancy: 300
MM. Concessions - 40 SF (4 FT x 10 FT) - 1:20 SF - Occupancy: 2 MM.
LL.
A. Film Theatre - 4,000 SF (63 FT x 63 FT) - 1:10 SF - Occupancy: 400
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
BuiLDing ProgrAm
1. Large Space (2) A. Film Theatre B. Concert/ Performance Hall 2. Gallery Space (2+) - 1,500sf E. Film Gallery H. Visiting Art Gallery 3. Commercial Space (1-2) J. Cafe / Coffee House 4. Medium Space (5+) N. Art Studio: Painting R1. Classroom R2. Classroom R3. Classroom T. Dance Studio V. Wood Shop W. Yoga / Aerobics Room 5. Small Space X. Film Editing Room Z. Locker Room w Showers AA. Prop Room 6. Administrative Space BB. Director’s Office CC. Meeting Space DD1. Office DD2. Office DD3. Office 7. Service Space FF. Kitchenette (for Employees) GG. Kitchenette (for Performers) HH. Restroom (for Employees) II. Restroom (for Performers) JJ. Restroom (Public) 8. Reception Space KK. Lobby (w/ Reception Desk) LL. Box Offce MM. Concessions
Total net square footage: 20,590sf Total gross square footage: 29,414sf
R. Classroom - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) - 1:20 SF Occupancy: 25
X. Film Editing Room - 300 SF (17 SF x 17 SF) - 1:135 SF - Occupancy: 2
CC. Meeting Space - 400 SF (20 FT x 20 FT) 1:30 SF - Occupancy: 13
FF. Employee Kitchenette with Dining - 220 SF (15 FT x 15 FT) - 1:18 SF Occupancy: 12
DD. Office 150 SF (10 FT x 15 FT) - 1:50 SF Occupancy: 3
DD. Office 150 SF (10 FT x 15 FT) - 1:50 SF Occupancy: 3
BB. Director’s Office - 300 SF (17 FT x 17 FT) - 1:63 SF Occupancy: 5
DD. Office 150 SF (10 FT x 15 FT) - 1:50 SF Occupancy: 3 HH.
HH. Employee Restroom - 80 SF (10 FT x 8 FT) - 1:40 SF - Occupancy: 2
KK. Lobby with Reception Desk 700 SF (35 FT x 20 FT) - 1:6 SF - Occupancy: 120
JJ. Public Restroom - 400 SF (25 FT x 16 FT) - 1:40 SF - Occupancy: 10
B. Concert / Performance Hall - 4,000 SF (63 FT x 63 FT) - 1:10 SF Occupancy: 400
AA. Prop Room - 200 SF (14 FT x 14 FT) - 1:25 SF - Occupancy: 8 GG. Kitchenette for Performers - 100 SF (10 FT x 10 FT) - 1:8 SF - Occupancy: 12
GG.
II.
II. Restroom for Performers - 80 SF (10 FT x 8 FT) - 1:40 SF - Occupancy: 2
T. Dance Studio - 1,500 SF (39 FT x 39 FT) 1:100 SF - Occupancy: 15
E. Film Gallery - 600 SF (25 FT x 25 FT) - 1:10 SF Occupancy: 60
R. Classroom - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) - 1:20 SF Occupancy: 25
W. Yoga/ Aerobics Room - 1,500 SF (39 FT x 39 FT) - 1:100 SF - Occupancy: 15
V. Wood Shop - 1,000 ST (32 FT x 32 FT) - 1:50 SF - Occupancy: 20
Z. Locker Room with Showers - 300 SF (17 FT x 17 FT) - 1:60 SF - Occupancy: 5
R. Classroom - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) - 1:20 SF Occupancy: 25
H. Visiting Art Gallery - 900 SF (30 FT x 30 FT) 1:20 SF - Occupancy: 54
N. Art Studio: Painting - 800 SF (28 FT x 28 FT) - 1:25 SF - Occupancy: 32
spring 2013
0
8
16
32
48
64
139
ProgrAm
visuAL Arts
This program is to accommodate the need for a home for visual arts in the Birmingham area. This will be a venue for The Art Walk, various art shows, and serve as an incubator for all visual arts. These arts have historically been used not only as individual expression but as learning and outreach events enabling this program to service the present and future needs through revitalization.
LL. Box Office - 20 SF (4 FT x 5 FT)- 1:10 SF - Occupancy: 2
J. Cafe/ Coffee House - 1,200 SF (40 FT x 30 FT) - 1:15 SF - Occupancy: 80
MM. Concessions - 40 SF (4 FT x 10 FT) - 1:20 SF - Occupancy: 2 MM.
LL.
A. Film Theater - 4,000 SF (63 FT x 63 FT) - 1:10 SF - Occupancy: 400
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
BuiLDing ProgrAm
1. Large Space (2) A. Film Theatre C. Banquet Hall w Stage 2. Gallery Space (2+) - 1,500 SF D. Children’s Art Gallery F. Local Art Gallery G. Sculpture Gallery H. Visiting Art Gallery 3. Commercial Space (1-2) J. Cafe / Coffee House K. Local Artist Gift Shop 4. Medium Space (5+) M. Art Studio: Jewelry N. Art Studio: Painting O. Art Studio: Photography P. Art Studio: Pottery Q. Art Studio: Sculpture R1. Classroom R2. Classroom R3. Classroom 5. Small Space Y. Kiln Room 6. Administrative Space BB. Director’s Office CC. Meeting Space DD1. Office DD2. Office DD3. Office 7. Service Space EE. Catering Kitchen FF. Kitchenette (for Employees) HH. Restroom (for Employees) JJ. Restroom (Public) 8. Reception Space KK. Lobby (w. Reception Desk) LL. Box Offce - 20 SF MM. Concessions - 40 SF
Total net square footage: 22,260 SF Total gross square footage: 31,800 SF
CC. Meeting Space - 400 SF (20 FT x 20 FT) 1:30 SF - Occupancy: 13
DD. Office 150 SF (10 FT x 15 FT) - 1:50 SF Occupancy: 3
DD. Office 150 SF (10 FT x 15 FT) - 1:50 SF Occupancy: 3
BB. Director’s Office - 300 SF (17 FT x 17 FT) - 1:63 SF - Occupancy: 5
DD. Office 150 SF (10 FT x 15 FT) - 1:50 SF Occupancy: 3 HH.
HH. Employee Restroom - 80 SF (10 FTx 8 FT) - 1:40 SF - Occupancy: 2
FF. Employee Kitchenette with Dining - 220 SF (15 FT x 15 FT) - 1:18 SF Occupancy: 12
KK. Lobby with Reception Desk - 700 SF (35 FT x 20 FT) - 1:30 SF - Occupancy: 23
K. Local Artist Gift Shop 400 SF (20 FT x 20 FT) 1:20 SF - Occupancy: 20 JJ. Public Restroom - 400 SF (25 FT x 16 FT) - 1:40 SF - Occupancy: 10
C.Banquet Hall with Stage - 4,000 SF (63 FT x 63 FT) - 1:10 SF - Occupancy: 400
EE. Catering Kitchen - 1,000 SF (32 FT x 32 FT) - 1:200 SF - Occupancy: 5
Q. Art Studio: Sculpture - 1,000 SF (32 FT x 32 FT) - 1:100 SF - Occupancy: 10
O. Art Studio: Photography - 800 SF (28 FT x 28 FT) - 1:50 SF Occupancy: 16
N. Art Studio: Painting - 800 SF (28 FT x 28 FT) - 1:50 SF - Occupancy: 16
Dark Room - 400 SF
D. Children’s Art Gallery - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) 1:27 SF - Occupancy: 30
F. Local Art Gallery - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) - 1:20 SF - Occupancy: 25
R. Classroom - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) - 1:20 SF Occupancy: 25
M. Art Studio: Jewelry - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) - 1:50 SF - Occupancy: 10
G. Sculpture Gallery - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) - 1:20 SF - Occupancy: 25
H. Visiting Art Gallery - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) - 1:20 SF - Occupancy: 25
R. Classroom - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) - 1:20 SF Occupancy: 25
R. Classroom - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) - 1:20 SF Occupancy: 25
P. Art Studio: Pottery - 800 SF (28 FT x 28 FT) - 1:50 SF Occupancy: 16
Y. Kiln Room - 150 SF (15 FT x 10 FT) - 1:150 SF Occupancy: 1
spring 2013
0
8
16
32
48
64
141
ProgrAm
historiC / inDustriAL Arts
The city of Birmingham brags as having the most fine chefs per capita. Myth or not, the art of food is as rooted in the beginning of the Downtown’s revitalization as welding and industrial arts is to the prosperity of the city as a whole. This program accommodates the need for a home for historic and industrial arts in the Birmingham area with the ability to service the present and future needs through revitalization.
LL. Box Office - 20 SF (4 FT x 5 FT)- 1:10 SF - Occupancy: 2
L. Restaurant - 1,500 SF (50 FT x 30ft) 1:15 SF - Occupancy: 100
LL. B. Concert / Performance Hall - 4,000 SF (63 FT x 63 FT) - 1:10 SF Occupancy: 400
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
BuiLDing ProgrAm
1. Large Space (2) B. Concert/ Performance Hall C. Banquet Hall w Stage 2. Gallery Space (2+) - 1,500 SF F. Local Art Gallery G. Sculpture Gallery H. Visiting Art Gallery 3. Commercial Space (1-2) K. Local Artist Gift Shop L. Restaurant 4. Medium Space (5+) Q. Art Studio: Sculpture R1. Classroom R2. Classroom R3. Classroom S. Learning Kitchen U. Welding Shop V. Wood Shop 5. Administrative Space BB. Director’s Office CC. Meeting Space DD1. Office DD2. Office DD3. Office 6. Service Space EE. Catering Kitchen FF. Kitchenette (for Employees) HH. Restroom (for Employees) JJ. Restroom (Public) 7. Reception Space KK. Lobby (w. Reception Desk) LL. Box Offce - 20 SF
Total net square footage: 20,470 SF Total gross square footage: 29,243 SF
CC. Meeting Space - 400 SF (20 FT x 20 FT) 1:33 SF - Occupancy: 12
DD. Office 150 SF (10 FT x 15 FT) - 1:50 SF Occupancy: 3
DD. Office 150 SF (10 FT x 15 FT) - 1:50 SF Occupancy: 3
BB. Director’s Office - 300 SF (17 FT x 17 FT) - 1:30 SF - Occupancy: 10
DD. Office 150 SF (10 FT x 15 FT) - 1:50 SF Occupancy: 3 HH.
HH. Employee Restroom - 80 SF (10 FT x 8 FT) - 1:40 SF - Occupancy: 2
FF. Employee Kitchenette with Dining - 220 SF (15 FT x 15 FT) - 1:18 SF Occupancy: 12
KK. Lobby with Reception Desk 700 SF (35 FT x 20 FT) - 1:7 SF - Occupancy: 100
K. Local Artist Gift Shop 400 SF (20 FT x 20 FT) 1:20 SF - Occupancy: 20 JJ. Public Restroom - 400 SF (25 FT x 16 FT) - 1:50 SF - Occupancy: 8
C.Banquet Hall with Stage - 4,000 SF (63 FT x 63 FT) - 1:10 SF - Occupancy: 400
EE. Catering Kitchen - 1,000 SF (32 FT x 32 FT) - 1:200 SF - Occupancy: 5
Q. Art Studio: Sculpture - 1,000 SF (32 FT x 32 FT) - 1:50 SF - Occupancy: 20
U. Welding Shop - 1,000 SF (32 FT x 32 FT) - 1:50 SF - Occupancy: 20
V. Wood Shop - 1,000 SF (32 FT x 32 FT) - 1:50 SF - Occupancy: 20
F. Local Art Gallery - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) - 1:30 SF - Occupancy: 17
R. Classroom - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) - 1:20 SF Occupancy: 25
R. Classroom - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) - 1:20 SF Occupancy: 25
G. Sculpture Gallery - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) - 1:30 SF - Occupancy: 17
H. Visiting Art Gallery - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) - 1:30 SF - Occupancy: 17
R. Classroom - 500 SF (22 FT x 22 FT) - 1:20 SF Occupancy: 25
S. Learning Kitchen - 1,000 SF (32 FT x 32 FT) - 1:200 SF - Occupancy: 5
spring 2013
0
8
16
32
48
64
143
Community Arts Center. BirminghAm, AL
ProgrAm
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