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Rise Brentford’s Bakery + Brewery Cooking School BA (Hons) Architecture Graduation Project Portfolio Caitlin Latimer - Jones 130177140 2015/16
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YEAR REPORT My time at Newcastle has simultaneously been the most rewarding and most arduous educational experience of my life. Sleepless nights have surprisingly got less frequent as the year’s progressed, perhaps due to the change from first year cramming to third years’ relentless timetable. In the final days of my undergraduate life, summating the years spent in the studio, it is clear my design and representation development have blossomed in Newcastle’s School of Architecture. Travelling and exploration have always been important to me, and these values culminated in my dissertation research and writing. My thesis investigated the post WW2 Japanese movement Metabolism and its effect on contemporary urban design and planning. Fortunate enough to travel Japan for two months during Summer 2015, I was immersed in Eastern culture and design. I gained invaluable first hand experience of the country and the conditions the Metabolists strove to improve in Tokyo and the peninsula.
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I also gained instrumental knowledge from a Metabolist expert, a Stirling Prize winning architect and an award winning Sustainable Urbanist. Discussing urban design and planning with a range of specialist showed me how multidisciplinary architecture can be, enthralling me about the breadth of possibilities post degree. The Infrastructure and Ritual studio was primarily concerned with the processes of the city and how people engage with them. For the Primer exercise, picking a daily ritual, documenting it and creating a problem solving contraption was highly engaging. At first, I was a little confused about the relevance of the tasks set, but in retrospect, it allowed us to understand process on the most personal scale. The ‘Thinking through Making’ week was also rewarding and incorporated my favourite medium – model making. My brief was in its very beginnings, yet making the door handle allowed me to understand baking on a sensory scale, a theme that became vital in my design development.
Improving the brief for the Graduation Project was engrossing; the historical, scientific and theoretical research resulted in a multifaceted brief. However, the extensiveness of my research made trying to concise and justify choices challenging at times. I am proud of my broadmindedness, although it sometimes leaves me trying to retain such a variety of ideas that I come across frivolous and indecisive. I tried hard to stop bombarding my tutors with words and ideas after the Interim Review, as my work was described as crude and abstract. Focused on summarising my key themes and concepts, a much more succinct brief and scheme arose.
With hindsight, my time spent at Newcastle has been an unfathomable learning curve, leaving me eager to explore the professional world of architecture and beyond.
Modelling and drawing are my prevalent skills, and conceptual and development models have an important place in my design process. My representation methods developed from the illustrative style of the Primer exercise, with precedents aiding me to develop a logical design approach and justifications of ideas.
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CONTENTS ONE pp. 3-19
FIVE pp. 108-137
Studio Introduction Charette Dismantle Daily Ritual Diagram Contraption Thinking Through Making
Improving the Brief Steven Holl Enric Miralles Drawings Collages Chimney / Silo / Atrium Diagrams Developed Plans Experientials Precedent
Primer
TWO pp. 20-45 Site
Brentford Mapping London to Brentford Site Photos Site Analysis Building History Adaptive Reuse Site Model
THREE pp. 46-71 Brief
Identifying the Brief Bake Brew Apprenticeship + Education A Day in the Life of ... Precedent
FOUR pp. 72-107
Development
SIX pp. 138-187 Final
Floorplans Isometric Internal Atmospheric Section Section Model Technical Section Details Concrete Walls Diagrams Environmental Models Landscaping Renders Brew + Logo
top left corner of page (new + altered work)
Preliminary
Identifying Key Themes Concepts Hydropower Drawings Models Deconstructing Plans Initial Plans + Sections Volumetric Design Model Precedent
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Studio & Primer
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Eggs | Diagram | Contraption | Door Handle
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Infrastructure & Ritual Infrastructure: “the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise” Ritual: “a series of performed according prescribed order”
actions to a
Infrastructure facilitates the quotidian activities of life, thus ritual can arguably be understood as the human interface of infrastructure. Ritual is a type of routine, relying upon a structure that seems ordinary to the user. The studio explores the varying scales of how infrastructure contributes to and effects peoples experience of space and city. While creating my brief, the main focus has been on the human scale of infrastructure and the sensory experience. Creating a productive community resource for the citizens of Brentford and beyond, the design aims to allow the users to interact with each other and the building, while also developing practical skillsets and participating in the recreational aspects of the scheme.
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Charette For the introductory week at the start of term, the groups charette task was to produce an inflatable structure that brought people into the space to interact with one another. We decided to use the mandala pattern, using its geometry to dictate where the glue lines and inflatable areas were.
Inflated canopy
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Trial hanging
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Dismantle Disassembling a portable CD player, documenting the process and laying out the components
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Snooze
Prep
Eat
Eggs Introductory task of choosing a daily ritual, documenting the process through a diagram, and then producing a contraption, as a solution to a time specific issue. Cook
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Daily Ritual Diagram
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Contraption Problem; snoozing in the morning, and how the time left effects what type of egg, if any, can be cooked. Solution; The snooze is hit, releasing a taut string holding the egg in place, causing the egg to roll and trigger a sand timer connected to a catapult. If you do not get up in time, the egg is projected across the room! Barcode below; YouTube video documenting the contraptions from each member of the studio.
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Sand timer
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Catapult
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Door Handle ‘Thinking through making’ week exercise; the use of organic shapes and concrete both became key themes during the progression of my design.
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Brentford & Site
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History | Context | Analysis
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Brentford
The Golden Mile; The stretch of the Great West Road (A4), north of Brentford running West from the Chiswick boundary. Opened in 1925, the road was built to mitigate notorious congestion on Brentford High Street. ‘Golden Mile’ refers to the concentration of industry along this short stretch of road. Most of the buildings remain in their original Art Deco style.
Old Brentford Railway Station; opened in 1860, the station was north of Brentford High Street, leading towards the docks. As a wartime economy measure, it was closed in 1915 and reopened in 1920, but eventually demolished in 1957. The existing station is further north of the High Street, connected by the historic civic street of Brentford.
Brentford FC; founded in 1889, Griffin Park has been the home stadium of the local team since 1904. Known as ‘The Bees’, Brentford has been FA Cup quarter-finalists four times. St Pauls Church + Park Brentford Monument; built in 1909 using old lamps from the old Brentford bridge over the Grand Union Canal. However, after being covered in coal from unloading boats, it was moved closer to the High Street. The monument commemorates four major events; including Julius Caesar crossing the Thames in 54 BC.
High Street The Beehive Pub Brentford Dock; built between 1855 and 1859 at the confluence of the River Thames and River Brent.
The Brewery Tap
St Johnsons Art Island Brentford Estate
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Waterways
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London’s Water Works + The Grand Junction; Created in 1811, the Grand Junction Waterworks Company supplied water brought by the canal from a reservoir in north-west Middlesex, the River Colne and River Brent. The Grand Junction Waterworks Company built a pumping station near Kew Bridge in 1838, which took the river water and pumped it into filtering reservoirs and high water tower to provide a gravity feed to the surrounding area. At one point, the pumping station served a seven-mile main that was capable of containing 6 million gallons of water. The pumping station now facilitates the Kew Bridge Steam Museum.
The Thames Basin; covers 16000km2 and supports over 13 million people, including the capital. About 40% of public water supplies from groundwater, principally the Chalk aquifer. The Thames basin receives 690mm rainfall per year, making it one of the driest parts of the UK. However, two thirds of the basin are permeable; the other third runs rain water off directly into steams and rivers. Thames Basin is continually growing and being regenerated, with strategic development aims including the Thames Gateway and Olympic Park.
Thames Ring Main; Initially constructed in 1988, the first ring was completed in 1993. It is a major part of London’s water supply infrastructure, with approximately 50 miles’ concrete pipelines that transfer potable water from water treatment works for distribution within London. It is connected to water supply zones by 20 shafts from the mains to ground distribution level. The main comprises of a major loop linking the whole capital, with a northern branch via Kew. The London Infrastructure Plan 2050 details plans for further extension to the ring main.
Canals + Rivers; The River Brent covers west and northwest London and the River Thames. The River is joined from the west by the main line of the Grand Union Canal, where the River Brent becomes canalized and navigable. 17.9 miles in length, the river rises in the Borough of Barnet and flows south-west direction before joining the tidal River Thames at Brentford.
River Thames
River Brent/Thames confluence
River Brent + site
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Visiting Brentford Exploring Brentford was enjoyable; as you move from the A4/M4 highway, down to the High Street and then the Docks, the experience of each area are very different and distinctive. The High Street is in the midst of change; Ballymore are redeveloping the town, and construction areas are dotted throughout the civic street. The Ham, located by the Docks, is full of large warehouses humming with activity and machinery. The Docks are not as dynamic as they once were, instead stand many derelict sites. However, the Brentford Estate sprawls across the South side of the Docks, with people and cars moving through.
Waterfront
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Derelict
Old church meets M4
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Kew steam museum
Rusting barrels
Brentford train station
Boatyard overlooking Arts Centre
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Industrial
Boat repair warehouse
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Machinery
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Site + views to Kew Gardens
Brentford Estate opposite
Existing warehouse
Site The chosen building almost immediately stood out for me. It stands protuberantly on the waters edge, hanging over the once fruitful waterway and much larger than the surrounding buildings. Warehouse clad
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Cantilever over river, towards St Johnsons art island
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Site History William Gomm (1817-1884) was a beer shop keeper at the time of the 1851 census. By 1877 he had bought the Grand Junction Brewery in Catherine Wheel Yard which he expanded and named The Beehive Brewery. Gomm sold malt liquors, wines, spirits and cigars of the finest quality and had a billiard table. Dinners, Teas and Private Parties were catered for at the pub.
Brewery staff
Gomm’s Beehive Brewery, 1800s
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Grand Junction Canal
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CIRC
ULA TIO
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GREEN ROOF INTERNAL AREA + WC
ROOF TERRACE
[1:200]
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1:500
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Analysis
Figure Ground
Pedestrian
Void Spaces
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Industrial
Input/Output of produce
Pubs
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Adaptive Reuse The warehouse’s geometry charmed me; its linear silhouette is simple and clear. The sites positioning and size makes it conspicuous as it cantilevers over the River Brent. From the site visit, I knew I wanted to incorporate the warehouse shell into the design; using its industrial history to influence the brief and its void internal space to have freedom in designing the new structure within.
Cantilever
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Steel frame and clad
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Site Model Brentford
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At one point, 10 percent of british trade came through brentford docks
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The Brief
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Reconsider | Reuse | Reconnect
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Identifying The Brief Brentford Dock was once an icon for major trans-shipment of coal, steal, timber and flour. It was formally opened in 1859 and closed in 1964, and most of the warehouse and marina functions stagnated. Despite once being at the heart of the industrial development of the capital, the site stands lifeless on the river front. Adaptive reuse of the warehouse and industrial past both heavily influenced creating a productive community resource. By creating a community resource with education facilities, the scheme seeks to future proof the mainly domiciliary development of Brentford. A bar, eatery, shop and rooftop terrace sequenced throughout the floors create a vertical street style environment, enhancing the business element. Increasing the consumerism more locally redirects capital into Brentford.
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Whisk
Display produce
Weighing scales
Bake Between 1950s and 2000s, local bakeries plummeted from 18,000 to 3,500. 900 new homes will be built in the area by 2017, bringing an influx of people and revamping the high street, waterfront and site. Work bench
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Mixing
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Bakery Visits Small artisan bakery; discussed dream shop, which included open plan kitchen with views through to front of house, as well as display shelves, eating area, small automobile to take to pop up events. Large mass producing bakery; much more industrial warehouse environment. Discussed their own apprenticeship scheme, lasting 6-12-months.
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Work Bench
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Produce
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Bake
Ingredients
Mixer
Divider
Rounder
Moulder
Intermediate Proofing; 25 mins
+ Flour, Water, Yeast, Salt
Prover
Check Weight
Oven 200°C, 30 mins
Depan
Cooler 2 hours
Bag
Shop
Final Proofing; 55 mins
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Conditioning
StuBrew
Hot liquor tank
Brew With the produce of the bakery and brewery being available during the evening at the restaurant and bar, the warehouse develops its multiuse function and intensifies the nighttime presence of the site. Mash tun
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Servicing
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Micro Brewery Visit
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Brew Hot Liquor Tank
Mash Tun 63°C, 3 hours
+ Malt
Cooler 20°C
+ Hops
Conditioning 4°C, 10 days
Copper 100°C, 1 hour 25 minutes
+ Hopback 100°C
Cask
Tap
+ Yeast 22°C
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Apprenticeship, Social Inclusion + Education
The scheme believes a craft bakery and brewery is of importance to its local community, allowing social interaction and providing educative facilities for the rehabilitating and general public to develop their skillsets. 1 in 4 people experience mental health issues in their lifetime, with more extreme cases becoming disjointed from the rest of society with few employment opportunities. The apprenticeship scheme helps recovery similarly to occupational therapy; having a set task and precise instructions, one develops a practical skillset and sense of accomplishment.
Apprentices, Geordie Bakers
As well as advocating the social inclusion of people recovering, the scheme acts as a preventative rather than just post-diagnosis centre; an educative and mindful environment, teaching the benefits of nutritious eating and cooking to various demographics. Accommodation for residential courses; weekend and week long programs. For adult learning, as well as school trips and holiday courses.
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Precedent
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Preliminary
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Concepts | Hydropower | Initial Design
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Identifying Key Themes
Solid / Void Heavy / Light Breaking Through Envelope Copper Thermal Mass
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Solid / Void Before a definitive program, themes of solid/void | heavy/light were already present, engaging with the existing warehouse shell
Concept Models
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Copper
Circulation
Copper brewing tanks impelled the decision to incorporate a hanging silo in the atrium, with the brewery pipes coming down through the void and into the silo, with a bar at the bottom
Wrap circulation around key spaces, which later developed into the stairwell wrapping around the bakery concrete chimney
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London 2050 Infrastructure Plan
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80 percent reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050 & 50 percent of energy supply to be locally sourced
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Watermills
Hydroplant, Durham, UK
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Hydropower Along with conceptual development, incorporating hydropower into the scheme has also been a key theme throughout the process; influenced by the sites waterfront location, historical usage of the canal and water run flour mills
Run off River Hydroplant Site Turbine and Generator River Brent Current
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Initial Drawings
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Initial Drawings
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Spaces > circulation
Concrete + carving
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Roof terrace and silo
Massing, key spaces + warehouse shell
Cantilever, truss + double height riverside space
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Dough
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Cut into
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Road
Cutting Into Warehouse
River
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Space & Circulation
BAKERY
BREWERY
APPRENTICESHIP + REHABILITATION
VISITORS CENTRE
COMMUNITY OUTREACH
CLASSES
EATERY + BAR
SHOP
Spatial hierarchy
BREWERY
Malevich, Lissitzky, Matisse
BAKERY
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Deconstructing plans Influenced by Malevich and Lissitzky, I isolated each massing component and reconnected them with black line, signifying the movement between key spaces. Each component has a colour, e.g. roof terrace, while repeated massing, e.g. cooking spaces, use the same colour and size on each abstracted floor plan. The exercise developed the interrelationship between the form, routes and public/ private space.
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Initial Floorplans ENTRANCE SEATING
HIREABLE COOKING SPACE 1
SILO BAR
SEATING COOKING CLASS
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[1:200]
1
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REHABILITATION
CIRC
ULA TIO
STAFF AREA + STORAGE
EATERY, KITCHEN + WC
ULA TIO
WC
CIRC
GREEN ROOF INTERNAL AREA + WC + APPRENTICESHIP
BAKERY + BREWERY
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ULA TIO
CIRC
WC
CIRC
CAFE / BAR
ULA TIO
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SHOP
FUNCTION SPACE
VIEW DOWN TO EATERY FROM SEATING AREA
HIREABLE COOKING SPACE 2 + 3
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2 [1:200]
ROOF TERRACE
CIRC
ULA TIO
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GREEN ROOF INTERNAL AREA + WC
[1:200]
ROOF TERRACE
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Initial Sections
[1:200] [1:200]
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Volumetric Model Initial design on site
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Precedent
Guinness Factory, Dublin; the large atrium, rooftop bar, visible processes and industrial atmosphere are key precedents to my design development.
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Frank Roberts & Sons Bakery, Chesire; bread production is 13,000 loaves an hour, equating to 1.6 million a week. The mass producing factory has two vast cooling towers, visible through the glazing.
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Development
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Curves | Concrete | Glass
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Improving The Brief
Cooking School Accommodation Precedent Concrete Chimney Smell Story Glazed Inner Skin
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Steven Holl Steven Holls use and manipulation of colour, light and experience has been a major precedent in the design process. The atrium’s white light diffracts onto the textured concrete walls, infiltrating through the circulation spaces and ground floor. Holl’s dialectic between linear/ curve and void/solid correlate with the development of own themes. Without sensory design, architecture can lack engagement, becoming passive. ‘Cognitive Architecture’ reading explains how organic shapes trigger “elicit feelings of happiness and elation.” (page 123) The Brentford scheme’s bright, curved and textured spaces welcome exploration, encouraging productivity and user development.
Ecology + Planning Museum, China
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Sketchbook + Void Space/Hinged Space Housing
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Enric Miralles Miralle’s drawings exhibit little variation in line weight, alternatively the focus is on the beauty of the compound curves; through repetition and organization he creates a visual hierarchy through the collection of small repeated elements. The curves act as anchors for the massing elements, a technique used to help resolve my own work.
Carme Pinos graveyard
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Olympic archery range drawing + Biblioteca Palafolls model
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Cooking Class
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Dining Room
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Chimney | Silo | Atirum On approach, the warehouse appears as a large solid mass, yet is void inside, giving the freedom to use natural shapes and forms. The sensorial rich world should be reflected in the built environment; with the sculptural chimney signifying smell, the copper silo touch, cooking spaces taste, and atrium vision.
Chimney + Silo + Atrium
Breaking through the envelope
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Smells out
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Light in + through
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Float / Extrude
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Breaking Envelope
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Massing & Routes Full time users
Access WC + fire core
Private
Public
Surrounding buildings
Public route in + through
Full/part time users route in + through
Views towards site
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Developed Floorplans Caitlin Latimer - Jones
Caitlin Latimer - Jones
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CIRC
ULA TIO
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GREEN ROOF INTERNAL AREA + WC
ROOF TERRACE
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
[1:200]
1:100
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FLOOR PLANS 1:100
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Entrance
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Bar + Bakery
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Shop + River
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Cooking Class
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Rooftop Terrace
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Brewery
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Precedent
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Final
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Experience | Produce | Learn
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L CIRC U
Floorplans
ROOF TERRACE
[1:200]
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3
N ULA TIO
ROOF TERRACE
2
ROOF TERRACE
4 [1:200]
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GREEN ROOF INTERNAL AREA + WC
CIRC
CIRC
ULA TIO
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GREEN ROOF INTERNAL AREA + WC
[1:200]
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Isometric Internal Entrance lobby = 58m2 Reception + storage = 16m2 Shop = 77m2 Toilets = 17m2 Office = 26m2 Delivery + store = 67m2 Bar = 20m2 Bakery = 29m2 Apprenticeship common room = 26m2 Toilets = 17m2 Storage = 16m2 Kitchen = 67m2 Restaurant = 120m2 Apprenticeship discussion room = 26m2 Toilets = 17m2 Storage = 16m2 Cooking pod 1 = 20m2 Classroom 1 = 26m2 Classroom 2 = 20m2 Cooking class 1 = 44m2 Cooking class 2 = 32m2 Single bedroom + ensuite (x3) = 18m2 (52m2) Twin bedroom + ensuite (x3) = 29m2 (87m2) Kitchen = 67m2 Dining room = 47m2 Cooking pod 2 = 26m2 Toilets = 17m2 Storage = 16m2 Brewery = 67m2 Roof terrace = 135m2 Occupied spaces total = 1271m2 Circulation total = 524m2 Total = 1795m2 (Basement plant room; for air treatment and hydropower batteries = 179.5m2)
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Atmospheric Section North East - South West
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Section Model
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Technical Section North East - South West
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Details
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Cantilever
Intermediate Floor + Clad
glazing unit mullion cover pressure plate internal gasket isolator mullion aluminium channel condensate gutter concrete fill insulation vapour control layer stud soffit closure cantilever support beams hardfill stirrup pile cap grout column pile shaft
glazing unit transum cover pressure plate internal gasket isolator transum opaque glazing unit insulation condensate gutter composite concrete floor sheathing I beam insulation soffit closure profiled metal cladding
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Details
Chimney + Glazing
Glazing Corner + Clad
in-situ concrete (above internal glazing) vapour control layer insulation
aluminium brake mullion pressure plate internal gasket isolator mullion cover glazing unit
glazing unit transum cover pressure plate internal gasket isolator transum aluminium channel
profiled metal cladding (cut into and bent outwards)
reinforced concrete chimney aliminum channel transum glazing unit splice supportive mullion
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Texture
Curve
Concrete Wall The existing warehouse is a steel portal frame, acting as the external layer of the double skin faรงade. The new inner structure also utilises a steel frame, with 4x4 grid structure, with 6m span beams. However, the 300mm curved concrete walls are load bearing, positioned to omit the need for steel columns in the occupied spaces. The walls are reinforced with steel rods, filled with concrete and shaped using timber shuttering. Built on site, the flexible plywood is used to construct the form lining, kerfed on one face to help bend the frame into the correct arcs and radii. The timber shuttering is then nailed onto a pre-constructed bracing structure. Timber shuttering
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Diagrams
concrete chimney with vertical circulation, risers and bakery
lift + services + bakery
4 x 4 6m steel frame span
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Load bearing concrete walls
Developed structural grid
external warehouse shell (weathering protection)
Self supporting concrete chimney
Envelope of new internal structure
Loads
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Environmental Double skin facade + curtain glazing; ensures direct solar gain does not overheat the internal spaces. The void circulates solar heat to occupied spaces, while circulating and mitigating excess heat during summer months. Earth-to-water heat exchanger; works alongside the mechanical ventilation to ensure fresh air flow through the building. Tubing embedded horizontally in the soil, along with a heat exchanger coil and air inlet for the heat recovery system. Brine liquid used as heat exchange as more efficient and environmentally friendly than polypropylene heat transfer liquids.
Stack effect; excess heat out Atrium; solar gain in
South facing exposed glazing
Double skin facade
Hydropower; small run-off-river system that powers mechanical ventilation, servicing and non-gas powered cooking/baking equipment.
Concrete walls
Concrete walls; high thermal mass captures solar gain through the glazed double skin, then releases heat back into the building after dark, naturally improving conditions for the nighttime usage of the scheme. South facing exposed glazing; the existing warehouse clad is cut into and bent upwards, creating horizontal solar shading to help prevent overheating. Mechanical ventilation, concrete walls + chimney work together to create and regulate a comfortable internal environment (air treatment facilities + plant room in the basement).
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Earth-to-water heat exchanger
Hydropower
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Diagrams
Plant room connected to service spaces (cooking, baking, brewing)
Existing warehouse external skin, glazed internal skin
Existing cladding
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Glazing gaps
Reuse of cladding
Reusing warehouse clad for solar shading
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External Volumetric
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Solar Shading + Clad Reuse
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Glazed Cantilever
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Double Skin
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Copper Piping
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Breaking Envelope
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R I S E
Entrance
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Context
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View Through to Stairwell
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Bakery, Bar + Lobby
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Eatery + Copper Silo
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Cooking Class
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Brewery
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Roof Terrace
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Home Brew
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5.2% ABV / 330ml
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R I S E
Est. 2016 Brewed in Brentford
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Rise Brentford’s Bakery + Brewery Cooking School Caitlin Latimer - Jones
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192 Cover illustration: Beth Walrond