ABPL20033 - Construction Analysis, Semester 2 - 2018 Dr Alberto Pugnale – Subject coordinator Dr Sofia Colabella – Senior Tutor Dion Keech – Tutor Caleb Biffanti, 915044, 17/09/19 Hodges Residence - John Wardle Architects, Section 1A, T11 Section 1a
ASSIGNMENT 3
FLIPBOOK SECTION 3D: layers of information
01 Structural Systems - below ground The coastal locality of this Queenscliff residence is characterised by soft sands, and thus the structure and architectural form is responsive to this. Strip footings and pads define the sub structural system to distribute the vertical loads horizontally throughout the foundations. Due to the conditions of First Rate, and energy rating at the time of the design and construction (around 2007), this residence is defined by three structural systems for the ground floor: a basement and concrete ground floor slab, a steel framing system and, as in this section, a timber framed system. The use of pads and strip footings allows for continuity between these different structural approaches. This is especially important given the natural slope and height differentiation throughout the site. Additionally, the use of this system also has a lesser impact on the natural ground terrain, water run off and therefore coastal edge.
FOUNDATION
DRY NATURAL SANDS
VERTICAL
STUMP
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS BELOW GROUND
STRIP FOOTING HORIZONTAL
CONCRETE STUMPS Precast 100x100mm concrete stumps with reinforcement allow for efficient installation and the execution of a level system for the definition of the superstructure. Reinforced strip footings with starter bars are integral for the insitu concrete walls and courtyard structure.
PAD FOOTING
Precast concrete stumps Definition of building form is initiated by the set out and execution of the substructure systems
Strip Footing
Pad Footings
Precast concrete stumps
Besides a site scrape, the natural slope of the site is relatively maintained
Starter bars for insitu concrete walls
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ABPL20033 - 2018, Caleb Biffanti | 915044 |T 11, Dion Keech
Reinforcement ensures structural integrity against superstructure
02 Structural Systems - above ground With the major structural members located to the edges of the building footprint (especially on the first floor), the use of a steel portal framing system enables the large open spans with little structural infill, thus defining the large, unimpeded spaces and maximising the amount of glazing, site views and light penetration. The preference for a steel system means members can be thinner and longer as opposed to a system constructed solely of timber. Furthermore, this system integrates the angularity of the walls to help define the interior courtyard and respond to prevailing southerly winds. The structural system employed is integral for allowing features such as the concealed gutter, cantilevered first floor (which defines the ground floor walkway), roof form and lowered ceiling to be executed.
GROUND FLOOR
PRIMARY STRUCTURE
VERTICAL
STEEL
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS ABOVE GROUND
FIRST FLOOR
TIMBER ROOF BRACING
The structure of the roof sits along the ceiling level as opposed to the roof level - allowing the roof to be lightweight and enabling a unique , non-uniform rake and parapet wall within the building height restrictions.
A split in structural system, between the ceiling structure and courtyard wall enables the drop in ceiling height for a concealed pelmet. Portal framing enables structurally free walls of the first floor for the inclusions of glazing
Layered walls conform to the roof design and differentiation
Steel portal framing - with large spans.
Infill structural engineered timber
Steel SHS columns connect pad footings to transfer the loads of the super structure interaction between systems.
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Furthermore, all steel is galvanised in response to the coastal context to ensure the integrity of the structural system.
SECONDARY STRUCTURE
HORIZONTAL
ABPL20033 - 2018, Caleb Biffanti | 915044 |T 11, Dion Keech
STEEL FRAME The steel portal frame members are prefabricated off site with connection points pre-welded for efficient assembly on site. Larger spans are thus obtained, allowing the architect to obtain the openness of their design.
Minimal bracing is required due to the steel structural system
PRIMARY - ENGINEERED Engineered timber (LVL) is used as the primary structural spanning system for the first floor between the steel framing. SECONDARY - NATURAL Radiata Pine is employed as the secondary structural members (other than the ground floor system)- including, stud walls, decking and roof soldiers.
03 Internal (non-load bearing) Partitions This house is defined my maximising the coastal views and thus the interior volumes are generally bare of internal partitions. Non-load bearing stud walls define the ground floor into multiple programmes and areas of privacy between bedrooms for the users. The first floor is absent of any fixed partitions or walls, relying on moveable partitions, in the form of doors, to enhance the definition of living within the house.
MOVEABLE
DOORS
PIVOT Large pivot doors used as a mode for expressing the spaces of each room. SLIDING Large glazed sliding doors define the transition between the living room and courtyard. Their operation to fully stack allows the living room, and by extension, kitchen and dining, to fully engage with the environment. This is especially enhanced by operable windows to the west opening towards the coast.
INTERNAL PARTITIONS NON-LOAD BEARING
FIXED
WALLS GLAZING
STUD WALLS Lightweight stud wall on the ground floor delineate the space between bedrooms, private spaces and wet areas (ensuites).
SHOWER SCREEN Frameless shower screen defines the spacing of ensuite 4 whilst not impeding on constricting the space.
Stacking double glazed doors open up to internal courtyard and deck
Moveable living room cabinetry door, with the ability to hide the television acts as a partition defining the use of the space - gives inhabitants control over programme.
Pivot doors enhance scale and openness of spaces
Stud partition demarcates the ensuite and houses built in cabinetry/storage and mirror.
Sliding doors as a partition between interior and exterior - enabled by the portal frames steel system Blurring between interior and exterior
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ABPL20033 - 2018, Caleb Biffanti | 915044 |T 11, Dion Keech
04 Environmental Protections
FLASHING
Environmental protections are key for client satisfaction and comfort within their home. The architect in this respect has ensured that the elements employed guarantee the formation of a comfortable conditioned interior volume, executed to harmonise with the external form and overall design intent. Environmental protection elements are, for the most part, not expressed, but rather designed into the facade or building structure to be hidden. This is most evident in the box gutter, which is concealed in the roof form by a parapet wall, and downpipes, which are concealed within wall cavities and external cladding.
WATERPROOFING
ROOF + GUTTERS
VERTICAL
PLASTERBOARD INSULATION
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONS
SARKING SEALANTS
BATTS
HORIZONTAL WINDOWS PEST CONTROL
Rhino Wrap vapour barrier sarking.
ANT CAPS Fixed to the concrete stumps before bearers and joists are installed.
Insulation in ceiling and level one is secured using furring channels, later used for securing the plaster board.
DOUBLE GLAZING All windows are double glazed. Frame rough outs are also thermally sealed CHEMICAL SEALERS A hydrophobic sealer is applied to the insitu concrete walls as protection against the impact of moisture maintaining structural integrity and visual appearance.
STEEL CAPPING Ensured to match roof sheeting and fold over the Rhino Wrap membrane. WATER DIVERSION Roof and gutters (incl. downpipes) are key elements to the scope of environmental protections for their role in blocking water penetration and diverting it for collection to stormwater management system. WATER RESISTANT PLASTERBOARD Applied to wet areas as protection for structure and insulation from moisture. MEMBRANE Walls are wrapped (including between the insitu and interior stud walls) in Rhino Wrap felxible membrane as a vapour barrier and additional mode for reflective insulation. VERTICAL - WALLS Walls are insulated using two layers of Bradford R1.6 Soundscreen batts HORIZONTAL - FLOOR + CEILING Ground floor and First floor are insulated with Bradford R2.5 Soundscreen batts. Ceiling is insulated with Bradford R4.0 Gold batts. Bradford Anticon 55 blankets fixed to the roof battens complete the insulated envelope of the conditioned interior.
Flashing is installed as a tool for waterproofing - folded over the box gutter edges and used to cap the parapet walls.
Insulation is not applied to interior walls - but is rather a tool for isolating the conditioned interior from the unconditioned environment.
NOTE: External timber cladding, as explored in ‘physical enclosures’ left unsealed, as opposed to the insitu concrete walls.
Ant caps used in accordance with AS 3660 for protection against termites.
Hydrophobic sealer.
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ABPL20033 - 2018, Caleb Biffanti | 915044 |T 11, Dion Keech
05 Mechanical and Electrical Systems Mechanical and electrical systems have been organised and planned out for their optimisation and convenience within each of the spaces. General Purpose Outlets (GPOs) have been installed with programme in mind, this includes multiple GPOs in bedroom 4, its wardrobe and inbuilt study desk, along with task and general lighting. Concealed GPOs in the respond to the openness of the living room and the architects use of fully glazed walls on the east and west of the space. Mechanical and electrical services run along the most efficient route available from the plant room and vertical riser located by the elevator shaft - utilising the lightweight timber floor for efficient connections..
HEATING VENTILATION COLD ESSENTIAL SERVICES.
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
GAS
General Purpose Outlets
LIGHTING ELECTRICAL ENTERTAINMENT
LIVING ROOM Electrical connection to the living room cabinetry engages the space as a multi media system - an Audio Visual hub for the first floor.
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General Purpose Outlet (GPO) recessed into timber flooring as a result of full glazing along boundary walls. Hot water is supplied to the house via an instant gas hot water system located in the plant room. Its central location here makes distribution throughout the house efficient.
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GPO
The hydronic trench system is hardwired for continuous control and operation of the Indoor Environmental Quality.
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VENTILATION Wet areas, including kitchen, laundry and specifically ensuite 4, are mechanically ventilated in accordance with AS 1668.2 ‘Mechanical ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality’ and AS 3666.1 ‘Air handling and water systems - Microbial control’.
Hydronic trenches are located to edges of the room below spans of glazing for thermal performance and natural convection.
Electrical connection for inbuilt study nook and task lighting
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Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
WATER
Furthermore, the architect has specifically organised the internal spaces to take full advantage of the coastal location. Operable doors and windows on the east and west sides of the living room and bedroom 4 take advantage of natural cross ventilation and thus sees that there is no inclusion of an active cooling system in these spaces.
Audio Visual (AV) hub for the first floor - integrated into the living room cabinetry
HVAC
HOT
HYDRONIC HEATING The architect has employed a hydronic heating system throughout the house, where concealed fan coil trenches are used in the living room and bedroom to emit heat through convection. The use of a recessed system responds to the architects use of large glazed sliding doors and lack of walls on the first floor.
Hot water production and flow for hydronic heating system 2m
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ABPL20033 - 2018, Caleb Biffanti | 915044 |T 11, Dion Keech
GPO
06 Physical Enclosure Systems The architect has used the physical enclosure system, specifically the timber cladding, to express the design intent and context of the house. The timber cladding is unprotected - allowing for the process of natural weathering to define the architectural form within the coastal environment - this is aided by the concealed environmental protection elements.
EXTERNAL CLADDING
TIMBER
VERTICAL PLASTERBOARD and relevant finishes.
PHYSICAL ENCLOSURE SYSTEMS
Besides the glass balustrade which connects to an exposed parallel flange channel, the superstructure system is not expressed by the enclosure system or interior finishes.
INTERIOR FINISHES BALUSTRADE HORIZONTAL WINDOWS GLAZING
Material expression flows between the interior through the use of Spotted Gum for the exterior cladding and interior cladding of the living room cabinetry.
The roof and ceiling of the above the living room share a mutual expression of form - where the roof shape is an offset of the sculpted non-uniform ceiling.
Rectangular Hollow Section is concealed by particle board and Tasmanian Oak to match the door framing.
The use of a screen flush with the first floor, conceals the insitu concrete walls and walkway formed by the cantilever of the first floor.
The timber screened walkway with differing spacing from the first floor and pieces sequentially removed, allows the penetration of natural light along the space and into ensuite 4 - whilst ensuring privacy for the exposed shower.
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Integral for the continuity of the facade, transition around the building and privacy. CLADDING SYSTEM Shiplapped spotted gum defines the exterior form and completely encases structural members.
SCREENING
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ABPL20033 - 2018, Caleb Biffanti | 915044 |T 11, Dion Keech
Plasterboard is used as the main interior finish for the ground floor (in this section) and for defining the shape of the living room ceiling. DECK BALUSTRADE The balustrade is an enclosure system that meets safety standards whilst being design to harmonise with the other finished and design elements of the house. DOUBLE GLAZING Full height double glazed windows and doors are used as a means for thermal performance without having the need to block access to daylight or coastal views.