DID YOU KNOW?
SUMMER 2011
THE CALFORDSEADEN NEWSLETTER
BACK TO BASICS FOR SCHOOL BUILDINGS? Proposals for a new capital spending regime for schools .
.. ALSO INSIDE . . . GUEST ARTICLE
REPORTS OF MY DEATH ARE GREATLY EXAGGERATED Mark Mitchener discusses the future of regeneration with Paul Miller
PUTTING RESIDENTS FIRST Silver Award winner Cotney Croft & Peartree Way GUEST ARTICLE
THE DILAPIDATIONS PROTOCOL An effective solution to terminal dilapidations?
BIM UPDATE Putting BIM into practice at Cheam Village
ASBESTOS Is the legislation gathering dust? Better safe than sorry - the importance of maintaining your asbestos register
FIRE A catastrophe waiting to happen How a fire risk assessment can help safeguard against disaster
INTRODUCTION As the school year draws to a close this edition of DYK? turns the spotlight on schools of the future ‒ the new capital spending system proposed by the Government, plus the recent achievements in creating modern schools. Jo Parody talks about the new programme that replaces Building Schools for the Future (BSF) and how calfordseaden can get real value for schools in his article ‘Fitness for Purpose’. calfordseaden have designed several new primary school facilities for Kent County Council that have been carefully designed to enhance the enjoyment of learning and endeavour to bring out the full potential of pupils. Lead architect Christopher Rainsford shares his understanding of the elements required to create state of the art learning spaces for children with autism who are easily distracted by their environment. These schools have been modelled using Revit to deliver BIM (Building Information Modelling). In our BIM update, Gary Barley and John Spence further discuss this process, explaining the benefits to all parties involved on a building project when BIM is used.
Guest writer, Mark Walkington of Batchelors Solicitors, examines the benefits of ‘The Dilapidations Protocol’ and how this can offer early advice to help avoid needless expense when a terminal dilapidations claim arises. Turning to the future of regeneration, our second guest writer Mark Mitchener of Rydon Construction joins Paul Miller to discuss the prospects of community regeneration schemes and how they may be funded in the future.
All articles from this edition of DYK?, along with further news from calfordseaden, is available on our website at: www.calfordseaden.co.uk/news
For further information contact: Jo Parody at our Orpington office T 01689 888222 E jparody@calfordseaden.co.uk
CONTENTS FITNESS FOR PURPOSE Proposals for a new spending regime for schools. Pages 1-2
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GUEST ARTICLE
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THE DILAPIDATIONS PROTOCOL An effective solution to terminal dilapidations? Page 3
A CONVERSATION WITH ANDY YALLOP The Chairman of Croudace Homes speaks of the radical changes in the housing sector. Page 4
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PUTTING RESIDENTS FIRST Silver Award winner Cotney Croft & Peartree Way. Pages 5-6
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NEW SCHOOLS FOR KENT COUNTY COUNCIL Designing schools for evolving educational techniques. Pages 7-8 GUEST ARTICLE
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REPORTS OF MY DEATH ARE GREATLY EXAGGERATED
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Mark Mitchener discusses the future of regeneration with Paul Miller.
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Pages 9-10
WITH NO DRAINAGE APPROVAL THERE’S NO PLANNING APPROVAL Maximising the use of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SUDs). Page 11
BIM UPDATE Putting BIM into practice at Cheam Village. Page 12
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THE RISING COST OF LIGHT The consequences of developments involving an injunction for loss of light. Pages 13-14
ASBESTOS - IS THE LEGISLATION GATHERING DUST? The importance of maintaining your asbestos register. Page 15
FIRE - A CATASTROPHE WAITING TO HAPPEN How a fire risk assessment can help safeguard against disaster. Page 16
16 ALL ARTICLES ARE AVAILABLE ON OUR WEBSITE: WWW.CALFORDSEADEN.CO.UK
FITNESS FOR PURPOSE The independent review of Education Capital led by Sebastian James, Director of Operations at Dixons Plc, has just been published. It has identified a myriad of issues to drive the way forward. The Government are reviewing this report and a response is eagerly awaited. Jo Parody explains.
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he report delves into the Building Schools for the Future (BSF) record, to see if lessons could be learned and looks at proposals for a new capital spending regime for schools. It is too early to be talking about the BSF ‘legacy’ but it will reflect poorly on the system where focus was on transformation for the few and neglect for the many. Targeting ‘Fitness for Purpose’ is the new agenda.
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There is much to be resolved emanating from the report and the industry response is mixed. The ‘Fitness for Purpose’ agenda needs to be developed and there is a need to clarify what this means. Building condition is at the forefront of this. At calfordseaden a large proportion of our work with schools revolves around establishing the stock condition, looking at maximising the use of the accommodation and squeezing more out of what is available for the schools both in terms of money and space. In effect, getting real value for the schools via practical, economic and realistic means.
Reclaimed Sea Containers at Fawood Nursery, Stonebridge and purpose the recently completed Hayes School, Bromley.
In many instances this requires a mixture of refurbishment and new build extension with an element of ‘refresh’. Our multi disciplinary teams are looking at the estate as a whole and are seeking solutions that are tailored to the reduced financial capital available. We are planning the school’s future needs and spending profile required working with our client business management teams and setting up realistic budget information so that schools can plan ahead positively.
From these reviews and where necessary, we have assisted in preparing bids for the PfS (Price per Square Foot) Capital Funds. We are looking at other elements of the James Review. The ‘standardisation’ strand is very interesting. Solutions that offer excellent value for money and significant programme, quality, sustainability and health and safety benefits are available. We have designed and delivered a number of off-site manufactured schemes and the quality aspects are exceptional.
‘Standardisation’ can relate to many things but it does not have to deflect from attainment of high quality, great value ‘bespoke’ accommodation. You can use both terms together. We continue our innovative work in this field across all our disciplines.
For further information contact: Jo Parody at our Orpington office T 01689 888222 E jparody@calfordseaden.co.uk
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THE DILAPIDATIONS PROTOCOL The economy remains in a precarious state. Tenants are pruning expenditure on property maintenance, leaving open the prospect of a surge in terminal dilapidations claims. Landlords need to be vigilant to avoid breaches of repairing covenant accumulating, without pushing the Tenant into insolvency. Mark Walkington of Batchelors Solicitors explains. AN EFFECTIVE SOLUTION TO TERMINAL DILAPIDATIONS? The Dilapidations protocol may prove to be a timely alternative to costly and time consuming litigation. Speedy resolution of claims encourages certainty and can benefit Landlord and Tenant.
TO READ THIS ARTICLE IN FULL, VISIT OUR WEBSITE: WWW.CALFORDSEADEN.CO.UK/NEWS
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he Dilapidations Protocol now has the teeth of Court backing and requires parties to disclose and exchange information in a systematic way without exaggeration before proceedings. Failure to follow it could result in cost penalties or other sanctions. It has many advantages: Claims are properly set out and easier to understand; Fewer claims are speculative, and there is less frustration of legitimate claims; Speed and cost of resolution; Less risky environment to challenge the other party’s position.
Inevitably there are imperfections. The relative commercial strength of the parties may influence their commitment to the spirit of the Protocol, and the court’s costs sanctions only apply when court proceedings are afoot. It is important to take early professional advice about a possible terminal dilapidations claim to ensure compliance with the Protocol, and to avoid unnecessary costs. Mark Walkington advises on a wide range of Landlord & Tenant, Property Litigation and Property Finance matters.
A CONVERSATION WITH ANDY YALLOP Michael Whatford recently met with Andy Yallop, Chairman of Croudace Homes, to discuss the changes in housebuilding over recent years and how it is now evolving. Andy gives his view on the state of the sector and the effects localism will bring. He also touches on how the planning system has changed throughout the 30 years he has been working in housing.
For further information contact: Mark Walkington Managing Partner and Head of Commercial, Batchelors Solicitors T 020 8768 7033 E mwalkington@batchelors.co.uk
Another area in which Michael was interested to hear Andy’s opinion is the Government’s approach to zero carbon and how responsibility is moving to providers and occupiers. In response to this Andy highlights the fact that new skills are required when designing and constructing new homes. Andy also sheds some light on how the credit crunch has had a negative effect in the public and private sector, the lack of finance for affordable homes and the devastating impact on first time buyers. For further information contact: Michael Whatford at our Orpington office T 01689 888222 E mwhatford@calfordseaden.co.uk
TO READ THIS ARTICLE IN FULL, VISIT OUR WEBSITE: WWW.CALFORDSEADEN. CO.UK/NEWS 4
PUTTING RESIDENTS FIRST calfordseaden acted as project manager and provided metering and monitoring services at Cotney Croft and Peartree Way, which have been designed to the highest sustainable credentials. Terry Keech highlights our involvement. COTNEY CROFT AND PEARTREE WAY Completed in March 2011, these homes for social rent are enabling families to lead sustainable lifestyles and benefit from reduced bills, whilst providing a body of research on sustainable homes. Selected by Stevenage Borough Council, Home Group and its multidisciplinary team have recognised that sustainability isn’t just about tackling different issues in isolation but about taking a holistic approach to placemaking; ensuring that ecological, social and economic factors all combine to create a positive foundation that underpins a healthy, vibrant and happy community.
Cotney Croft and Peartree Way
SILVER AWARD WINNER The Green Apple Awards 2011
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KEY FEATURES:
The main design aim has been to concentrate on the passive design of the building, making the materials and construction techniques work as hard as possible to substantially reduce the energy consumption of the building. The end result is eight family homes that residents find warm, spacious and efficient, without the need to master complicated or confusing technologies. Built to meet Code for Sustainable Homes Levels Five and Six this scheme will act as a blueprint for other sustainable affordable developments. The originality of this scheme lies in its exemplar contemporary design, the desire to improve the social and economic stability of residents’ lives whilst promoting a green lifestyle, and the commitment to a two-year monitoring programme. This PhD research led by calfordseaden and Anglia Ruskin includes the provision of touch screen monitors enabling residents to monitor energy generation/consumption and CO2 emissions within their homes plus the transmission of data via internet link to the project team.
A ‘resident first’ approach has been adopted to make the buildings easy to operate and maintain. As part of the on-going involvement in the monitoring, regular meetings with the residents are being carried out so that a real understanding of living within low energy homes can be achieved to shape future design projects and also to ensure the residents get the most out of their home. Early indications from the residents show substantial savings in energy costs, which are linked to the benefits of the integrated PV roof tiles, low energy appliances and passive building design, but are also being developed from the education and information provided by the user friendly energy monitoring interactive display.
Timber frame construction with excellent insulation, low U values and air tightness (3.6 m³/h.m²) to achieve Code 5 and 6; Whole house mechanical ventilation with heat recovery system (MVHR); NorDan timber/aluminium composite windows with high performance glazing; Energy efficient light fittings and A++ rated white goods; Solar century C21e roof tiles (3.6 – 5.4KWp); Underground rainwater harvesting tanks; Permeable block paving; Heat treated external wood cladding (Thermowood); Materials responsibly sourced from the Green Guide; Demolition of the existing buildings used to form the piling matt; Mixed waste skip with the majority of materials recycled; On-site composting. For further information contact: Terry Keech at our Orpington office T 01689 888222 E tkeech@calfordseaden.co.uk
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NEW SCHOOLS FOR KENT COUNTY COUNCIL Educational techniques are constantly evolving and developing and the result can often be that better practice is constrained and compromised by buildings constructed for a dierent set of circumstances. Christopher Rainsford.
KCC standalone sites
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his was the situation that Kent County Council found themselves in relation to a number of schools across the county which led to calfordseaden being invited to design new education units to enhance the learning experience in four primary schools. Two of the units are for children with autism. Understanding of this condition has developed rapidly in the last few years and there is now a significant body of knowledge and built precedent that we were able to review before embarking on our own designs. One of the key areas in which our understanding has developed is how children with autism can be easily distracted resulting in their education being severely interrupted and their behaviour being difficult to manage. It is this important area of design where we believe we have been able to significantly improve the provision of appropriate space. Distraction can come from the nature of the interiors – busy colours or decorations, extraneous or internally generated noise, computer hum or flickering lights, or simply from children moving out of sight and wandering away.
Through careful design calfordseaden have achieved specialist units that are free of corridors, with the proďŹ le of the teaching spaces enhancing natural daylight and ventilation, helping to control sound reverberation.
To counter these factors we have designed the autism units avoiding the use of corridors or other space that is unlikely to be supervised. The teaching and ancillary spaces cluster around a central space which can be used for a multiplicity of purposes and while these are active spaces there will be areas that can be used for libraries or IT areas which have a quieter ambience. Although internal, the space is lit and ventilated by a large roof light that runs the length of the roof. This theme is continued in the teaching spaces. The high ceiling curves upwards to a row of clerestory windows, which means that daylight floods into the classrooms from two directions and ventilation can largely be achieved through natural means using a stack effect to get rid of stale air.
The height of the room also helps with the avoidance of any disturbance caused by reverberating sound while the roof itself is insulated to minimise extraneous sound – particularly rain noise. That same roof sweeps down beyond the face of the building to provide a safe covered external play area in front of each classroom with direct access between inside and out. The remaining two units are related to work with children who have speech and language issues. The design, however, is consistent across the four buildings where this is appropriate, since many of the issues relate across from one area of education to another.
The schemes have all been designed and modelled using Revit to deliver Building Information Modelling (BIM). This has, amongst other benefits, enabled the day lighting and back up artificial lighting to be modelled and developed so that we have a firm concept of the lighting contours across individual spaces. In these cases the 3D output has helped immeasurably in engaging the interest and co-operation of the children and their teachers. For further information contact: Christopher Rainsford at our Orpington office T 01689 888222 E crainsford@calfordseaden.co.uk
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“REPORTS OF MY DEATH
are GREATLY EXAGGERATED” Regeneration projects continue to feature as key markets for both calfordseaden and Rydon. Paul Miller and Mark Mitchener set out their thoughts on the future opportunities for regeneration programmes.,
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oth our businesses remain actively involved in a variety of regeneration projects, including housing led initiatives where we are jointly working with other Partners to deliver exciting and well designed mixed tenure and mixed use developments. Rydon is acting under Joint Venture arrangements with RSL Partners, on both Packington Estate regeneration and Durand Close Estate regeneration projects, with calfordseaden acting as lead consultants.
Mark Twain’s now famous response to the premature publication of his obituary in the New York Journal might be an appropriate line for supporters of town centre regeneration in the midst of the negativity that currently prevails in the construction and development sectors. Regeneration now provides one of the most viable routes towards the provision of housing and services, given the removal of direct government funding for individual projects. But we need to be creative and clever about how to go about it. Today’s world requires fresh thinking and a different approach.
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Paul comments,
Past models for regeneration have over-relied on heavy up-front payments to buy land funded by the rising prices of private housing. The collapse of housing values and the continued instability of this market has undermined that model.”
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Mark adds,
Land continues to be the key to any regeneration and it is still available. The public sector is said to own some 7,500 hectares of unused land. Understanding how some of this land might be used to facilitate regeneration may be the key to re-energising the regeneration programme.” Also of importance is the need for local authorities to continue to attract people into their towns by providing good services, opportunities to work and pleasant places to live. The government’s intention to allow local authorities to use tax increment financing may be a major initiative. This enables local authorities to reinvest a proportion of future business rates back into infrastructure and related development. It should allow them to raise often significant amounts of redevelopment funds based on the additional revenues they anticipate raising from the businesses they will attract.
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Mark concludes
Striking the right balance between providing work, living and leisure facilities in any regeneration programme will be critical, as this will ensure that the right mix of current and new businesses and residents move into the regenerated areas.”
For further information contact: Paul Miller at our Orpington office T 01689 888222 E pmiller@calfordseaden.co.uk Mark Mitchener Managing Director Rydon Construction Ltd T 01342 825151 E mmitchener@rydon.co.uk
Like Mark Twain, we think there is life in the old beast yet.
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WITH NO DRAINAGE APPROVAL THEREʼS NO PLANNING APPROVAL The new Flood and Water Management Act became law in 2010. The Act is intended to encourage maximum use of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) to help reduce the risk of future flooding. Richard Newman explains. THE ANSWER FOR THE FUTURE IS SIMPLE The Act’s impact has yet to be felt as the secondary legislation has yet to emerge. Nevertheless it is clear the Act will significantly change the way in which drainage design is developed and approved on the majority of future projects. So what are the changes? These may be summarised as follows: The establishment of SuDS Approving Bodies (SABs) at county or unitary authority level; The requirement for all new drainage systems to be approved by the SAB prior to starting construction; SABs are to charge fees for approval and inspection of drainage; SABs will be statutory consultees in the Planning process: No approval, no planning consent!; New National Standards for design, construction, operation and maintenance of SuDS; Require SABs to adopt and maintain SuDS that serve more than one property; Removes the automatic right of connection under Section 106 to the public surface water network; Highway authorities will be responsible for maintaining SuDS serving adopted roads; Applicants likely to be charged a non-performance Bond.
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Included in other aspects of the Act is the automatic adoption of all existing private sewerage (regardless of pipe size, material or condition) by the relevant Water and Sewerage Company. Until the Regulations are published it is too early to comment on the specific impact of the Act. However it is clear that the drainage design of a new development will need to be given far more detailed consideration at Planning Stage than is now the case, requiring early input from civil engineers to develop a suitably detailed drainage scheme. For further information contact: Richard Newman at our Orpington office T 01689 888222 E rnewman@calfordseaden.co.uk
BIM UPDATE BIM (Building Information Modelling) is a process that allows everyone working on a building project to bi-directionally share the same data via a 3D representation of the building. Gary Barley and John Spence tell us about the model.
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ather than each discipline replicating the information from scratch the model is shared between the team.The model is rich with data, allowing the contractor and/or client to quantify linear runs, areas and volumes etcetera, of anything contained within the model. The model and its contents can be imported into other programmes such as facilities management, clash detection and environmental analysis tools.
We have been creating building models on projects for three years now and our clients are starting to see and understand the real benefits of our insight, investment and training.
We currently have 14 schemes at various levels of design that our architectural and structural engineering groups are producing as a BIM. The latest of these projects is a scheme in Cheam Village for Viridian HA. It is a 132 dwelling extra care scheme, won in competition with United House. calfordseaden’s design team (architects, structural & mechanical engineers), used to a truly co-ordinated working environment on schemes will now be using BIM to galvanise the working procedures. The site is in a conservation area and calfordseaden are currently preparing a planning application. BIM has allowed us to prepare extensive 3D views both internally and externally to help explain the scheme to the planners and future residents.
Designing a scheme such as Cheam Village in this way allows everyone working on the project to understand the design holistically rather than as individual buildings. We look forward to receiving detailed planning permission later this year and progressing the designs as a truly co-ordinated BIM. For further information or if you would like a demonstration of the considerable benefits of BIM contact: Gary Barley at our Orpington office T 01689 888222 E gbarley@calfordseaden.co.uk John Spence at our Orpington office T 01689 888222 E jspence@calfordseaden.co.uk
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THE RISING COST OF LIGHT There can be few more significant risks to development than that involving an injunction for loss of light. The most recent Right of Light case, HKRUK II (CHC) Limited and Marcus Alexander Heaney (2010) ended with a settlement currently awaiting confirmation by the Court of Appeal. This means we will not have the benefit of their decision with respect to an injunction granted by the lower court. Peter Defoe
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he facts of the case date back to June 2008 when the developer started building works to add two floors to its nearby building. A letter had been sent to Heaney, who owned a nearby bank building, explaining the size and amount of work to be completed as well as raising the issue of the right to light. Despite Heaney expressing his concern the development went ahead.
At court both parties agreed that there had been an actionable interference with the access of light to Heaney’s building. When looking at whether such an interference has occurred the court will consider whether there has been a deprivation of light that renders a building less fit than it was for the purposes of occupation or business.
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In this case the majority of rooms were originally poorly lit, to 25 per cent or less, so any reduction in light was considered as a serious loss because the available light was seen as invaluable. The total cost of the project to the developer, including the cost of acquisition and finance charges, came to £35.8m. At the time of the hearing, one floor of the building was already being let out to a tenant. Despite this the court ordered a mandatory injunction to remove part of the top two floors of the developer’s property. This is significant because, before the case, it had always been assumed that a loss of light to commercial premises was more likely to result in compensation than an injunction, whereas in residential cases an injunction was more likely.
Without doubt it is not worth taking a risk and proceeding with development that might cause an actionable loss.
Heaney was granted an injunction although the Judge stated that if his reasoning were incorrect then the measure of damages would be a little over £220,000. With the benefit of an injunction it is possible to argue, irrespective of the Judge’s thoughts, that the compensation which can be sought would be whatever the other party is prepared to pay in order to get their development back and in the case of HKRUK this would be expected to be significantly more than £220,000 bearing in mind the cost of demolition alone might be £1.5 million according to some observers.
As a direct result of this we are now seeing claims in excess of ten times book value or five times the alternative valuation methods that have been used since the Tamares (Vincent Square) Limited v Fairpoint (Vincent Square) Ltd 2007 case. In turn, insurers are less willing to take on the risk and developers are having to consider talking to neighbours and testing the water to see if a deal can be struck. Without doubt it is not worth taking a risk and proceeding with development that might cause an actionable loss.
At calfordseaden we have the relevant expertise to guide you through the requirements of Rights of Light legislation and the potential costs relating thereto. We can help you design your development to reduce or totally avoid costs associated with a Right of Light.
For further information contact: Peter Defoe at our Orpington office T 01689 888222 E pdefoe@calfordseaden.co.uk
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ASBESTOS Is the Legislation Gathering Dust? Legislation impacting on asbestos has increased in its scope since the enactment of the Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 1987 and ʻthe duty to manage asbestos in non-domestic premisesʼ was introduced in May 2000, with subsequent revisions and clarifications to the Asbestos Regulations since. Stuart Hill writes. Testing and sampling for asbestos is a specialist operation (not carried out by calfordseaden) but it is surprising the number of commercial and other non-domestic properties (common parts to flats for example) which do not have any form of asbestos register. Failure to maintain the register in any meaningful form has been encountered with a number of large organisations. One of the first issues calfordseaden encounter when carrying out building condition surveys, particularly inspections requiring some in depth investigation or destructive/intrusive testing, is a review of the asbestos register. Where this is not present there can be a delay to complete the work until testing has been carried out to facilitate safe inspection. This might appear an overly cautious approach, however where we have requested such registers significant amounts of asbestos has sometimes been confirmed.
As a “duty holder” of non-domestic premises the obligations can be potentially quite significant, particularly where any maintenance work is being carried out. Conceivably failure to maintain appropriate asbestos registers and take appropriate precaution might invalidate insurance cover. Policies might not respond where claims are made at a later date for asbestosis by personnel or contractors who have worked in the building. Landlords would be well advised to ensure their tenants have taken appropriate precautionary measures. Given the current harsh economic climate, buildings that become vacant, for example due to the insolvency of the tenant, may trigger a liability for the landlord to prepare appropriate asbestos reports. Checking and reinforcement of the tenants’ obligations in a timely fashion is strongly recommended. For further information contact: Stuart Hill at our Winchester office T 01962 718300 E shill@calfordseaden.co.uk
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FIRE A Catastrophe Waiting to Happen Historically fire has had a devastating effect upon individuals and businesses alike. In 2009 the Lakanal House fire in Camberwell, London, demonstrated the terrible consequences with the loss of six lives, in addition to causing large-scale relocation of residents and loss of property. Stuart Buckley reports. During the year 2008-2009 (latest records available) there were 75,000 building fires in the UK as a whole. Aside from the potential loss of property and life or serious injury, businesses can ill afford to have their production processes and income halted by the occurrence of a significant fire in the workplace. The cost of such disruption can also include loss of vital records and expensive equipment, lost time while making claims and alternative arrangements, increased insurance premiums, and the loss of future business, to name but a few. The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (RRO) came into place in October 2006, covering all premises in England & Wales, with the exception of private dwellings (social housing flats and HMOs are included).
The purpose of the RRO is to ensure that the responsible person has confirmed the premises complies with the contents of the order. What does this mean to the owner? In simple terms the responsible person is duty bound to assess the fire risks in their building on a regular basis. The definition of regular is generally taken to mean annually, however, the assessment will need to take place at an earlier time if changes take place physically to the building or relating to its use or occupancy. The fire risk assessment is maintained in the building and recommendations are incorporated to make both physical and operational changes in order to reduce or eliminate any risks that have been identified.
calfordeaden are ideally placed to carry out the risk assessments on the full range of buildings and also to assist in the professional implementation of any changes necessary. In this regard we can offer a fully integrated service with regard to Fire Precautions. For more information contact: Stuart Buckley at our Orpington office T 01689 888222 E sbuckley@calfordseaden.co.uk
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Summer 2011
calfordseaden St John’s House 1a Knoll Rise Orpington Kent BR6 0JX T 01689 888222 F 01689 888299
www.calfordseaden.co.uk calfordseaden have taken all reasonable precautions to ensure that did you know? is correct at the time of publication. Please contact us for more information about any of the topics and, where our professional code of conduct allows, we will be happy to advise. calfordseaden LLP is a Limited Liability Partnership Registered in England and Wales number OC315838. Registered Office: Devonshire House, 60 Goswell Road, London EC1M 7AD where a list of members is kept. Calford Seaden (Health and Safety) Limited is Registered in England No. 3028351 Registered Office: Devonshire House, 60 Goswell Road London EC1M 7AD
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