THE REVERBERATING STREETSCAPE
Central Hong Kong DS13 - Year 02 Callum Stubbings - w1662341 23.05.2019
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Reverberating Streetscape
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Reverberating Streetscape Thesis Abstract Callum Stubbings Hong Kong is defined as a hybrid between the East and West. The journey through its reverberating streetscapes offer points of attraction, when viewed together offer a disrupted concentration of architectural elements native to the user however foreign in its placement. These elements such as signs, stairs and bands crate an oscillation between the 2d and 3d and create various views of perception through shadow, depth and transparency. The vertical streetscape has been a stacking of separate neighbourhoods but can the multiplicity of fluctuating streetscapes interact with the oscillation between mood and program vertically. Can the streetscape be amplified through a series of effects which reinvigorate the atmosphere of the street. By keeping the fluid fluctuation between program internally we can challenge the generic effect of the street and enhance it through different methods of delay, transparency and depth between the young, vibrant and luxurious streetscapes. This interplay challenges the repetitive nature of the typical employee within the business district in Hong Kong by implementing the reverberating streetscape we re-invent the vertical high-rise of single typology to a multiuse integration of activities. Through this integration of an internal set of effectual streetscapes vertically we challenge the normative function of the surrounding towers through the transparency on the facade to see the oscillation of effects vertically whilst reflecting this upon the faรงades of the neighbouring buildings effectively setting the building up as a landmark in the district. The vertical streetscape challenges the conventional dull mood of the district and juxtaposes this through a set of young vibrant and luxurious moods which attract the local workers and the younger demographic within Hong Kong.
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// Story Elaborated 3 Acts .........................................................................................P.07
// Proposal Section .........................................................................................p.11 Effectual Implications .........................................................................................p.13 Section Zoom in and out .........................................................................................p.14 Architectural Moments .........................................................................................p.18 Section Spread .........................................................................................p.22 Elevation .........................................................................................p.32 Isometric .........................................................................................p.34 Renders .........................................................................................p.38 Plans .........................................................................................p.42 Programmatic Components .........................................................................................p.54 Facade .........................................................................................p.68 Sample (counter Object) .........................................................................................p.72 Primitive .........................................................................................p.80 Physical Construct .........................................................................................p.84
// Framework | Evolution Polemics .........................................................................................p.92 Hong Kong Typologies .........................................................................................p.94 Audience and Typology .........................................................................................p.96 Context .........................................................................................p.100 Effectual Survey .........................................................................................p.106 Precedent Studies .........................................................................................p.122
// Iterations Design Iteration Summary .........................................................................................p.142 Iterations .........................................................................................p.144
// References Bibliography .........................................................................................p.188
// Appendix Group Work Summary .........................................................................................p.194 Group Work Final .........................................................................................p.196
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Reverberating Streetscape Thesis Abstract Extended Callum Stubbings
Central Hong Kong has defined itself as a business district full of commercial architypes in the dense city blocks. The district is becoming over populated with private buildings and reduces the possibility of public space within the centre of Hong Kong however this presents a new opportunity within the area to form a new building type to re-invigorate the rigid block work and glass faรงades of the typical high-rise. Chater road provides a location which is in the centre of Hong Kong which is surrounded by the dense highrises. It presents an opportunity to create an new image within the district which is suitable for the employees and touist within the district. Can the central business district be re-invigorated through the multiplicty of stacked effects throughout the reverberating vertical streetscape? The vertical primitive is a aggregation of a set of volumes which challenge the regular extrusion of the Hong Kong high rise. The primitive is interupted by new manifestation of public space vertically. These manifestations slice the main object and create an interaction between these typologies and form a curated jounrey three dimensionally through the space. Each stacked sample that intersects the primitive looks at how the Hong Kong street is an assortment of effects and activities that occur alongside one another within the confines of the city blocks. By transforming the effects and activites vertically in a curated journey the users can experience this streetscape in a new way. Through the creation of a vertical object that houses normative typologies found in central Hong Kong, we can connection them through the stacking of a vertical streetscape which creates a new re-invigorated perception of the city block typology. The surrounding buildings begin to witness the neighbourhood they inhabit and it challenges the perception of the commercial building and its discourse. The reverberation between these typologies through the vertical stacking of a streetscape will challenge the way in which the district functions and the way the public realm is designed in a central area. The construct then begins to be a destination point for the Central business district through the proposals stacked form where the users experience is enhanced through colour and pattern to make a large urban gesture of the streetscaape and normative typologies and bring forth a new manifestion to be situated in Central Hong Kong.
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Proposal Section Effectual Implications Section Zoom in and out Architectural Moments Section Spread Elevation Isometric Renders Plans Programmatic Components Facade Sample (counter Object) Primitive Physical Construct
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Effectual Implication Through the creation of a vertical object that houses normative typologies found in central Hong Kong, we can connection them through the stacking of a vertical streetscape which creates a new re-invigorated perception of the city block typology. The surrounding buildings begin to witness the neighbourhood they inhabit and it challenges the perception of the commercial building and its discourse. The reverberation between these typologies through the vertical stacking of a streetscape will challenge the way in which the district functions and the way the public realm is designed in a central area.
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Retail and Food -
Walkways -
The lower Streetscape forms the ground level of the proposal and has a strong effectual moment of excitement and exaggeration.
The walkways in the lower streetscape build anticipation and suspense as the user walks through the maze.
The lower street is a key moment within the proposal as it needs to draw on the attention of the neighbouring employees within the business district.
Light and transparency will allow lots of light and hard shadows into this volume and increase the mood of anticipation as the user will be unfamiliar with the routes within the proposal. The walkways are designed to offer various routes of different widths, light and isolation to further enhance the various Hong Kong streetscapes.
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Transition to Sky Walk -
Public Spaces -
The transition to the sky walk is delayed as you exit the excitement and exaggeration of the lower streetscape into the calm void of the proposal.
Small zones are scattered throughout the lower streetscape which interact and create zones between the inside and outside of the building proposal.
The inside and out get blurred as you seamlessly pass from one zone to the next.
These zones stack on top of each another to create a multiplicity of effects throughout.
The sky walk offers calmness in the midst of the surrounding skyscraper context of Hong Kong. The users will get a feeling of surrealism as they can walk, work and relax in this zone in the sky.
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Sky Walk -
Public Hotel / roofscape -
One effectual moment that a user will encounter is when the streetscape penetrates the void of the primitive.
The Public Hotel forms the upper streetscape and offers connections to the roof and views from above.
The moment is enhanced by giving glimpses of the sky walk from the street level and throughout the lower streetscape. These glimpses enhance the anticipation and leaves the user curious and excited to reach this destination. Much like a typical Hong Kong street we see excitement and anticipation as we navigate.
This public hotel offers an experience of the luxury to the public with restaurants, bars, trade and events within the hotel which is open to the public and forms the peak of the streetscape.
The sky walk will give a sense of calm in the busy streetscape which links the typologies.
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The users will feel a sense of luxury and intimacy within the facilities that will attracts neighbouring financial employees to visit.
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Event Space -
Layered Street -
The event space is an area of the proposal which has a sudden trasition from the streetscape.
The layered streetscape is a set of planes housing retail and food facilities in a more open environment.
The space will hold public talks, film screenings, music events and also function as a leisure zone when events are not taking place.
It will allow workers from the offices and the hotel to mix with the public in an informal setting.
The space has narrow windows to allow natural light and views but is also isolated enough to act as an escape from the busy Hong Kong streets.
The upper streetscape is designed to uncover something new each time will a range of twisting corners and different levels to add excitement and intrigue to the space.
The space is open to workers and tourists to take a break and witness the culture Hong Kong has to offer.
The space is implementation outlets to rent.
designed for easy of companies and
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Vertical Streetscape
Elevation Showing the relationship to the vertical streetscape and the neighbouring buildings, we can see how the facade has a relationship to the surrounding context but has extrusions to enhance the effect of reverberation.
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Vertical Streetscape
Isometric The isometric view shows the distortion of the generic with a addition and subtraction of elements to affect the facade. The facade will allows light to travel inside and out. On the approach to the building we will see a distortion of people walking the streetscape and at night will get patterns of light spilling onto the street. The light will reverberate and act much like the LED signs which light up the streets however will enhance the excitment further.
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Facade - Transparency and Depth
Facade The facade is made up of different transparencies, patterns, colour and depths. We can see the different layers of glass creating an illusion of its depth. It makes the viewer unsure to where the interiority begins due to the distortion of light. The pattern fights with the verticality of the cuts and the streetscape. These fight for the attention of the viewer and in turn creates several possible entrances and also create reflections off the surrounding buildings curtain walls.
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Architectural Moments
Multiplicity of Effects The sky walk offers a sense of calm in the stacked streetscape. The skywalk is situated in the void of the building and it is exposed to the elements. The sky walk can be seen from afar and crea
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Architectural Moments
Multiplicity of Effects The streetscape is formed through a series of effects which reinvigorate the atmosphere of a typical street. The streetscape creates anticipation through light and depth at the lower levels and then becomes more isolated and suspenseful towards the top of the structure. The interplay between the different effects creates a series of transitions between them.
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Roof Plan
Roof Plan The roof plan shows the relationship between the object and its context. The plan highlights the effects of colour and shadow on the site and highlights how it gives a new meaning to its context which differs from the stale generic nature of the business district in Hong Kong. 01// Site entrance 02// Landscaped site pattern 03// Ramp 04// Lower Roofscape pattern 05// Void 06// Roof
Chater Road
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Floor Plan Street Level
Street Level The street level plans shows the effect of the entrance in relationship to the streetscape. The ramp creates a gap between when the user views the streetscape and when the user arrives at the bottom of streetscape adding suspense.
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Street Level 01// Site landscaping 02// Main ramped entrance 03// Retail Shop spaces to be customised 04// Void 05// Light Well 06// Lift, utilities and super columns 07// Independent Streetscape 08// Void 09// Lift, utilities and super columns 10// Male Toilets 11// Female Toilets
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Architectural Moment
Architectural Moment The Architectural moment plan show the effectual core of the project and its relationship to the normative aspects of the proposal. The plan shows 3 separated floors with voids surrounding. The normative aspects of the plan show the vertical circulation, services and fire stairs. The effectual moment is the streetscape the intertwines the series of effects whilst also functioning as the primary effectual circulation through the proposal.
Fourth Floor 01// Pop-up Space 02// Lift, utilities and super columns 03// Escape Stairs 04// Vertical Streetscape 05// Void 06// Lifts 07// Services 08// Escape Stairs
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Normative Floor Plan
Normative Plan The Normative plan shows the typical layout for the office. In this case the normative floor is separated from the series of effects however in other scenarios it will be net to the vertical streetscape.
Structural Overview 01// Office Space 02// Male Toilets 03// Female Toilets 04// Escape Stairs 05// Office Space 06// Lifts 07// Services 08// Escape Stairs
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Architectural Moment
Effectual Floor Plan The Architectural moment plan show the effectual core of the project and its relationship to the normative aspects of the proposal. The plan shows 3 separated floors with voids surrounding. The normative aspects of the plan show the vertical circulation, services and fire stairs. The effectual moment is the streetscape the intertwines the series of effects whilst also functioning as the primary effectual circulation through the proposal.
Effectual Floor Plan 01// Facade transparency 02// Interior light to enhance effect 03// Lower Streetscape 04// Soft and hard shadows 05// Refections
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Unsystematic
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Hierarchy
Surreal Overwhelming
Focus Layering
Compartmentalisation
Distraction
Perception
Exciting
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out Spacial Chaos
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Vertical Streetscape
Section The section demonstrates the relationship between the streetscape and the normative. The streetscape is a series of stacked effects which transition from one to another which in turn enhance the effect between them. The section also highlights the poche and how it separates spaces within the proposal.
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Split Section
Section The split section begins to show the relationship between the facade and the interiority. The ground articulation and podium delays the effectual moments as the users approach the structure.
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Architectural Moments
Stacked Effects The proposal stacks a multiplicity of effects which are amplified vertically. The effects are amplified by the treatment on the facade through different layers of transparency and depth.
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Stacked Streets 01// Luxury 02// Exclusive 03// Intimate 04// 05// Suspense 06// Anticipation 07// Vibrant
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Content
Content The vertical streetscape acts as a privately owned public space and combining Hotel, office and public space. The figure to the right shows an initial content diagram highlighting the three dimensional stacking of this content curation. By having private and public interaction between spaces we get a rverberation of effect and tension between them. This interaction can transform the rigid uniform of the surrounding office typologies and present a new typology for Hong Kong.
Stacked Streets 01// Retail Pocket | Food Halls 02// Logistics | Delivery and Services 03// Lifts | Services | Stairs 04// Lower Streetscape | Public Engagement Pocket 05// Interaxtive Display Pocket 06// Reception and Lobby 07// Office Poclets 08// Hotel and Lobby 09// Uper Streetscape Food Hall | Restaurant & Bar 10// Roof Scape
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Typological Content
Content The streetscape can be simplified into the typological content seen in the figure to the right. The content shows the interaction between these facilities and how the stacking creates a curation of fluctuating effects as the tension between these spaces.
Hotel and Amenities Bar/Restaurant Event Space Office Space Sky walk Food and Retail Streetscape Plaza and Podium
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Vertical Circulation and Amenities
Vertical Circulation The vertical circulation is an important aspect of skyscraper design. The proposal has 18 lifts which all access differerent levels and houses the escape stairs. The proposal has three circulation which are:
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1// Lift core (direct access) 2// Typical movement through esculators and stair 3// Curated journey through the effectual streetscape. The streetscape highlighted different levels of tension and movement through the effectual moments.
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Hierachy and Effect
Zone 4 -
Zoning The zoning defines the effectual impact and the point of tension between the next curated zone. The zones indicate the intensity of the effectual moments of the typical streetscape which are amplified through the stacking of these zones.
Zone 1 -
Intensity -
Zone 2 -
Zone 3 -
Zone 1 enhances light, depth and shadow to create a vibrant and busy effect at the base of the proposal. The further up the more isolated and intense the effects become.
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Highlights
Sample Void -
Ground Articulation -
The void uses the stair sample to create a terraced void through the building which offers glimpses of the streetscape as users circulate around the building.
The ground articulation draws the attention of the users and creates different depths which draws the attention to the building with the correlation of facade treatment.
The void also allows light and views through the building which create a surreal experience when you walk through the streetscape. This also lets the neighbouring buildings to look through the void and creates a new perception of the mixed-use typology.
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The pattern directs the user down the ramp as the main entrance point.
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Facade and Light -
The ramp acts as a transition from outside to in. The user will have a sense of anticipation as they approach the building and the ramp will delay the experience as the user looses sight of the effectual moments and then reaches the lower streetscape where the experience is intensified.
The facade treatment shows the overlays of pattern and the transparent facade where light will enter the proposal. The different facade treatments offer glimpses into the structure and entice the users to enter. The users outside will see a montage of people walking the streetscape and the distortion of the people inside through the different types of depth and transparency.
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Delay and Transition -
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Facade
Facade The facade design is formed of a set of layered pattern and colour. 01// The grid pattern is over layed on top of a series of cuts to create two layers of depth. It create a normative perception to the viewers however draws attention where the second pattern adds further depth and colour. 02// The pattern here challenges the idea of 2 dimensional and 3 dimension depending on the viewing angle. Here the pattern is used to draw attention to the void below and it overhangs much like the samples viewed in the Hong Kong Streetscape 03 & 04// The apparent simple grid has a series of depths distorting the light, colour and reflection into the lower streetscape
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01// Layering of pattern 02// 3d pattern 03// Engraving facade treatment for depth 04// Scale of pattern
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Facade Pattern
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Shadow and Light
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Shadow 01// Strips of light 02// Geometric light patterns 03// Soft shadows from normative facade layer 04// Hard shadows
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Sampling
Sampling The vertical streetscape is made up of various samples that were uncovered in the Hong Kong streets. The samples are made up of layers of extrusions, stairs, corridors, signs and bands. These samples inform the amplification of the effectual moments within the proposal. These sampling elements create effects of anticipation, suspense, chaos and excitement through the control of movement, light, shadow and reflection.
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Roofscape -
Public Hotel -
Upper Streetscape -
The roofscape forms the top of the primitive. The area is more isolated and has a strong interaction with the facade with two layers.
The layered street intertwinds through the hotel and offers facilities for the residents and guests. The interaction between the hotel and public facilities offer a more open and vibrant zone.
The upper streetscape is formed of several layers of horizontal and vertical partitions similar to a Hong Kong streetscape. The space will hold restaurant and bars. The space will be less busy than the lowr streetscape with more intimate moments.
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Event Space / Auditorium -
Sky Walk -
Lower Streetscape -
The event space is placed above the sky walk and has a strong transition between the two.
The sky walk is formed from the stairs and changes the speed of the movement to be slower than that of the lower streetscape.
The lower streetscape forms the base of the primitive and takes form from the stair sample and the 3d nature of Hong Kong.
The sky walk sits in the void and has an effect of calmness as you walk it. The walk can been seen from afar and adds anticipation.
The streetscape forms multiple directions, enhanced shadows and different widths throughout. The lower streetscape holds typologies of retail and food.
The facade interacts with the event space to offer views outward with hard and soft shadows entering the space.
The effect is excitement and business to pull in users form the neighbouring commercial typologies.
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Interior Streetscapes
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Main Space Effects //A - Vibrant active streetscape for users //B - Skywalk to attract tourist and provide exterior space //C - Auditorium adds anticipation through its suspension vertically //D - Intertwing experience for public and private users of the hotel
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Excitement suspense
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Anticipation
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Main Spaces
Street integration The streetscape uses the samples highlighted in the figure opposite to transform the typical vertical proposal to create a stacking of effectual spaces which transforms the typical identity of a building and in turn the people in Hong Kong.
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Structure Steel and column Construction //01 - Structural beams //02 -Structural core and primary columns //03 - Main spaces for content //04 - Floor Plates
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Stereotomic Operations
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Operations //01 - Site Extrusion //02 - Twist to enhance shadows and weight //03 - Pinch the corner to emphasise the section //04 - Join the second primitive to enhance effect of reverberation //05 - Final Primitive 72
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Void
Street integration The streetscape uses the samples highlighted in the figure opposite to transform the typical vertical proposal to create a stacking of effectual spaces which transforms the typical identity of a building and in turn the people in Hong Kong.
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Sample Void //01 - Primitve from //02 - Samples to indicate the type of void, which will direct and oscilate from 2d to 3d as you view from various angles. //03 - Final primitive
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Physical Model
Context Model The context model allows to understand contextual relationships in a true 3 dimensional environment.
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Physical Model
Physical Model 1:150 Work in Progress The 1:150 physical model demonstrates the facade texture and will emphasise colour and pattern.
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Physical Model
Physical Model 30 x 30 and fragment The 30cm x 30cm physical model demonstrates the relationship of the primitive to its surrounding context.
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Framework | Evolution Polemics Hong Kong Typologies Audience and Typology Context Effectual Survey Precedent Studies
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Polemics Central Hong Kong has defined itself as a business district full of commercial architypes in the dense city blocks. The district is becoming over populated with private buildings and reduces the possibility of public space within the centre of Hong Kong however this presents a new opportunity within the area to form a new building type to re-invigorate the rigid block work and glass faรงades of the typical high-rise. Chater road provides a location which is in the centre of Hong Kong which is surrounded by the dense highrises. It presents an opportunity to create an new image within the district which is suitable for the employees and touist within the district. Can the central business district be re-invigorated through the multiplicty of stacked effects throughout the reverberating vertical streetscape?
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Hong Kong Typologies
Hong Kong Buildings The audience in the central business district is predominately full of finance employees. The typical employee works about 45 hours a week which means that there is not much time for other activities in and around the work schedule. The business district is comprised of large commercial buildings which are usually single typology. The district feels rather dull with buildings made of concrete blocks and curtain walls with no public accessibility. By mixing the commercial typology with public facilities we can create an environment that can improve the lifestyle of the employees.
Podium as Public Space -
Generic Volumes -
The typical high rise in Hong Kong has repetitive floor plate structure throughout.
The typical building incorporates a podium for privately owned public space which doesnt integrate throughout the whole building.
The generic building volumes are rectangular and have no void or sample integration.
n io at n gr io te at In ber se r U eve ed r ix gh M rou th
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Audience and Typology
Audience and Typology The audience in the central business district is predominately full of finance employees. The typical employee works about 45 hours a week which means that there is not much time for other activities in and around the work schedule. The business district is comprised of large commercial buildings which are usually single typology. The district feels rather dull with buildings made of concrete blocks and curtain walls with no public accessibility. By mixing the commercial typology with public facilities we can create an environment that can improve the lifestyle of the employees.
// Taking advantage of the surrounding typologies.
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Audience and Typology
Audience and Typology Central Hong Kong is a rather dense area with limited public space per person. By re-utilising the existing land we can create a vertical streetscape where we can increase the public land available for Hong Kong. By creating a vertical mixed use building we can integrate lifestyle and work.
Population Density #6,300 People Per #1 square Kilometre
Chung Wan Population #12,501 people in 2016 Census
Chung wan working Population 60% of Population and employed in Chung Wan
Hong Kong Island Over
50% work on Hong Kong Island
Work week 51% Work over #45 hours a week
Chung wan Professions 83% work in Professional services, public admin, finance and retail Constituencies
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Central and Western
Sheung Wan
Chung Wan Tung Wah
Castle Road
Mid Levels East
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HSBC Building 1985 | Foster & Partners | 178.8m | 1 Queens Road, Central
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Central Government Complex 2011 | Rocco Yim | 104m | 2 Tim Mei Ave, Admirality
Lippo Centre
AIA Central
1986 | Paul Rudolph | 186m | 89 Queensway, Hong Kong
2006 | Skidmore, Owings and Merrill | 185m | 1 Connaught Road, Central
Bank of China
Jardine House
Two IFC
One IFC
1990 | I. M. Pei & Partners | 367.4m | 1 Garden Road, Central
1973 | Palmer & Turner | 185m | 1 Connaught Place, Central
2003 | Cesar Pelli & Association Architects | 415m | 8 Finance Street, Central
1999 | Cesar Pelli & Association Architects | 210m | 8 Finance Street, Central
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site As the central business district of Hong Kong, it is the area where many multinational financial services corporations have their headquarters. Consulates general and consulates of many countries are also located in this area, as is Government Hill, the site of the government headquarters. The area, with its proximity to Victoria Harbour, has served as the centre of trade and financial activities from the earliest days of the British colonial era in 1841, and continues to flourish and serve as the place of administration after the transfer of sovereignty to China in 1997.
location
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Site Location and Context 03
Site Location and Context The site location is highlighted in Blue and the notable landmark building surrounding have been identified. The site location sits in front of the HSBC building and the bank of china building. The site location presents itself as an opportunity to enhance the chater garden square which is a popular visitor place for tourists.
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The site can also take advantage of the surrounding glazed buildings to enhance the reflections and effects from the proposal. The harbour is also a viewpoint where the building can be seen and integrate into the skyline of Hong Kong.
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//01 - Governmental Buildings //02 - Proposed Site //03 - HSBC Building //04 - Promenade //05 - Ferry Terminal //06 - IFC Building //07 - IFC xxx
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Commercial Densities
Commercial Densities The map shows the main transit nodes in Hong Kong for the MTR. The site location is situated very close to the Major stop on Hong Kong island. The surrounding building in Hong Kong in yellow are identified in yellow and shows the lack of public space available for use.
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Reverberating Streetscape
Reverberating Streetscape The Hong Kong streetscape houses a series of effects as you walk its streets. The street are full of a set of samples which contribute to the effectual impact on its users. 01// Bands 02// Signage 03// Awnings 04// Air-conditioners 05// Extrusions 06// Stairs
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Hong Kong Artefacts
Artefacts These elements of Hong Kong each have an impact on the reverberation effect within its streetscapes. Each of these elements restrict views towards the sky, create hard and soft shadows and draw attention of the user in the street.
Aw n
Bands and awnings - Restriction to the sky mimicing the feeling of being inside
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Air -co
Signage - Distraction light and not being able to focus.
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Stairs - Thresholds in different directions becoming overwhleming not knowing what path to take.
Pipes
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Street Signs
Ba
rs
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i Sta
Sig n
Shadow
Depth
Chaotic
Focus
Streetscape
Layering Distraction
Perception
Exciting
Inside-out
Unexpected
System
Deterministic
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Artefacts - Bands
Artefacts Bands and awnings have an effect on the streetscape within Hong Kong. The bands separate low and high level usually defining the typological undertaking within the building. The bands create a feeling of being enclosed due to the restriction to views of the sky above and it is also directional as it frames the perspective view on the street. Since the bands make you feel enclosed it also makes the space feel smaller and in turn busier. It adds to the effect of overwhelming and chaotic.
Different depths and heights are used to protect from rain, promote signs and separate typology.
// Kowloon, Hong Kong Hierarchy of way-finding distribution creating a chaotic form of directionality and importance.
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Artefacts - Signs Number of signs restrict view towards the sky and at night it gives the idea of beings inside
Perspective and Directionality -
Connections usually are to block-work walls within Hong Kong and create sharp shadows
The signs that are found throughout the streetscapes of Hong Kong effect the atmosphere throughout the day and the night. During the day the signage creates a honest mood with all the elements of the signs such as structure and connection become visible. During the night the highlight of the sign hides the structure and the LED reflects off the glazed facade. This create a mood of excitement and electricity on Hong Kongs streetscapes.
// Mong Kok, Hong Kong
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The sign gives a reflection in the glass facade distorts the neon signs
Signage occurs the lower few storeys of the buildings and usuallys run perpendicular to the structure
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Artefacts - Stairs
Stairs The stairs are an important sample found all over Hong Kong. The stairs transform the level to which you are on creating a 3 dimensional city unlike any other.
Concealed staircase to elevate users over the street
The stairs are important in having an effect on the speed of movement within a space which has an impact on the feeling as well. This sample will be important in relationship to the reverberating streetscape due to its connection to various elements and the 3 dimensional nature from street to street. Wide footpaths slow down the users and usually house the pop up markets
Stairs perpendicular to the street taking you into a building prior to a foyer.
// Mid-Levels, Hong Kong
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Narrow footpaths next to streets are restricting for the movement of people and push them onto the street
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Atmosphere
Amalgamation of Artefacts The day and night aspects of the Hong Kong streetscapes have a very different atmosphere. The day is calmer and you feel more open compared to the night time where the lights offer a sense of compactness by limiting your view farther due to the light sources and this creates a sense of excitement
// 3 dimensions
// Confusion
// Direction
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// Shadow
// 3 dimensions
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Street Types
Effects of the Street The different streetscapes of Hong Kong offer different atmospheres. The night market is one of excitement and business whilst the narrow alleyways are darker and offer a sense of anticipation and in turn heighten your awareness. //01 - Night market //02 - Typical Hong Kong walking street or one way road //03 - Main road - less signs and lighting atmosphere //04 - narrow road / dark and mysterious //05 - Wider road with markets and shops
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Verticality
Views Inward -
Verticality -
By transforming the views inward we begin to create a vertical displacement of a Hong Kong streetscape. This creates a stop motion oscillation of people viewed from outside
Transforming the streetscape vertically creates an issue with how to ge spaces high in the building. The challenge will be to create an effect and reasoning for going vertically.
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Shadow and Light -
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A typical highrise is light at the top with the shadow resonating at the base of the building. What if we could create a 3d dimensional depth and shadow to transform the static nature of light and shadow.
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Effect Public and Private
Public vs Private The Axel springer campus and the Markethal both integrate the interaction between pubic and private spaces. The public zone create a sense of chaos and reverberation which enhances the effect within these typologies.
25% informal 75% Formal
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The common space formed by the interconnected terraces offers an alternative to the formal office space in the solid part of the building, allowing for an unprecedented expansion of the vocabulary of workspaces: a building that can absorb all the question marks of the digital future. The public can experience the building on three levels - ground floor lobby, meeting bridge, and roof-top bar. The meeting bridge is a viewing platform from which the visitors can witness the daily functioning of the company and how it evolves. The ground floor is open to the city and contains studios, event and exhibition spaces, canteens and restaurants.
Markthal MVRDV \\ Rotterdam, Netherlands Located in the historic Laurenskwartier in the heart of Rotterdam, the Markthal is formed by the construction of privatelydeveloped apartments arranged into a large arch, strategically allowing a private initiative to create a public space. The result is a covered square which features a central market hall during the day and, after closing hours, a lively series of restaurants on its lower levels. It is a hybrid building where visitors are able to shop, eat, enjoy a drink, live, and park their car
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Axel Springer Campus OMA \\ Berlin, Germany -
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The Stack
MVRDV// Melbourne, Australia -
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Disregarding the traditional tower and podium typology prevalent throughout South bank, The Stack proposes a confident prism with public interfaces on all sides. The 265,000 m² mixed-use tower represents a stack of neighbourhoods including offices, residential, hotel, retail and entertainment, which are connected by four publicly accessible gardens. A special feature is a series of façades; open at the park levels, transparent façades for the offices, hotel rooms and apartments, and more opaque façades in the entertainment sections.
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//01 - Apartments and sky garden //02 - Plaza //03 - Hotel //04 - Office //05 - Plaza //06 - Entertainment //07 - Retail //08 - Foyer and parking
// MVRDV mixed -use layering of vertical typologies
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Normative facade for normative spaces
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Southbank by Beeulah
OMA// Melbourne, Australia Melbourne is renowned for its liveability, overlaying a geographically perfect location with beautiful surroundings and a moderate climate. The city itself is set up on Hoddle’s grid, similar to American cities but it also has small-scale laneways and parks similar to some of the most well-known European cities. At first glance – it has the best of all worlds. However, there are also downsides to its planning. Melbourne is very car dependent; there are comparatively few people that live in the city and thus bears some of the most extended urban sprawl in the world. It is a city of contrast.
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//01 - Residential //02 - Hotel //03 - Office //04 - Retail and Food //05 - Public Green Space //06 - Cultural integration / entertainment / Soutbank SQ //07 - Parking
// OMA mixed -use layering of vertical typologies
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Jessiue Library OMA
OMA// Paris, France These new surfaces - a vertical, intensified landscape - are then ‘urbanized’ almost like a city: the specific elements of the libraries are reimplanted in the new public realm like buildings in a city. Instead of a simple stacking of one floor on top of the other, sections of each floor are manipulated to connect with those above and below. In this way a single trajectory traverses the entire structure like a warped interior Boulevard. The visitor becomes a Baudelairean flaneur, inspecting and being seduced by a world of books and information and the urban scenario. Through its scale and variety, the effect of the inhabited planes becomes almost that of a street, a theme which influences the interpretation and planning of the Boulevard as part of a system of further supra-programmatic urban elements in the interior: plazas, parks, monumental staircases, cafes, shops.
// OMA - redefining a stacked street by connecting all floor plates as a continuous streetscape.
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Langham Plaza
Shopping Mall The shopping mall typology could benefit through the chaos effect. The idea of unpredictability, perception and deterministic chaos will excited the user to explore and spend more time within this typology which in turn could present economic benefits for both shops and rentability.
Langham Plaza - Vertical layout for excitement
Vertical distribution of retail shopping
Typical Shopping Mall
Double Loaded Corridor
// Langham Plaza - Shopping sequence and excitement.
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Tai Kwun
Cultural Centre Tai Kwun is a cultural centre that offers a historical look at the former British colony. The order and repetition is countered by the facade pattern on the extension behind. It acts as a disruptive aspect to allure its users to explore the design.
Surprise and Excitement
Order
// Tai Kwun - Order and Surprise
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PMQ
Local Trading - Mixed Use -
PMQ acts as a container separate to the neighbouring district by enclosing the user and limiting views outside. This keeps the users unaware of the outside and in turn keeps them longer in this shopping mall typology. PMQ also has no relationship to the ground, it ignores the street and has a very internalised form by creating internal looking views.
Shade to protect users in a subtropical climate and to restrict views elsewhere
Internal Terrace
Sloped road with no real ground relationship with PMQ
// PMQ typologies.
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Facade Transparency
OMA \\ Beijing, China Columns and cores remain, while a thin layer of glass elegantly curves and folds around them; not as a traditional flat store-front but as an experiment on different ‘imperfections’ of glass: corrugations, creases, bulges and bends enacting the internal strength of the material and unravelling waves of visual illusions
// Distortion and play of light through a curved glass facade
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Facade Articulation
Facade Articulation The facade articulation is a distorted view which transforms on the perspective that you see it. This pattern allows for the illusion of different depths as you navigate through and around the building. These different depths will effect the light and shadow within the space also through its manipulation.
// MVRDV pattern emphasises the geometric forms on the building.
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Iterations Design Iteration Summary Iterations
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// Iterations
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Iteration 01 -
Iteration 02 -
The first iteration began to look at the boundary between inside and outside. The samples of the streetscape gave the illusion of the inside out city and began to manifest in this iteration by addressing shadow, depth and focusing on the sky and ground relationship.
Combining the artefact samples we create a disruptive interior which creates variations in depth and shadow. Through this casting of shadow we depict the disruptive streetscape within the object challenging the idea of what is in and what is out. This proposal was still addressing the inside out city whilst juxtaposing the vertical nature of Hong Kong. The nature of the design made the spatial and effectual qualities hard to justify.
Iteration 05 -
Iteration 06 -
This iteration began to further enhance the effects through the ground relationship and the void. A podium was included to delay the effectual moment from outside to inside which will add a level of suspense as the viewer enters the building. The integration into the surrounding was address with multiple level of access 3 dimensionally. The facade still needed to look at layers of transparency and depth.
The transparency in this iteration began to enhance the interiority through specific placement of glazed facades. The void impacted the surrounding through the reflection of the interior streetscape onto its context to further highlight the high and low level zones.
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Iteration 03 -
Iteration 04 -
This iteration looked at simplifying the primitive shape to create a clear line where the chaotic effect blurring the inside and out was defined. The nature of the proposal was fighting for the horizontality and the verticality being neither of them in the end and therefore diminishing the effectual qualities of the shape.
Can a repurposing of the disrupted streetscape be taken inside and amplified by harnessing the random and the surprise to offer a journey that’s foreign to its user? The iteration aimed at creating a stacking of effects through the 3 twisted geometries. The proposal was missing a curated journey and the facade was taking the typical signage and reflection of the Hong Kong streetscape.
Iteration 07 The object curation began to see a journey which highlighted tensions through the various zones of the streetscape by different depths and transparencies to impact the stacked effects inside.
Iteration 08 Through this integration of an internal set of effectual streetscapes vertically we challenge the normative function of the surrounding towers through the transparency on the facade to see the oscillation of effects vertically whilst reflecting this upon the façades of the neighbouring buildings effectively setting the building up as a landmark in the district.
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Iteration 01
Iteration 01 The primitive acts as a container for the sample. The stereotomic operations reduce the footprint of the structure and effects the views towards the sky by reducing its impact on the ground. The angled primitive directs views towards the Hong Kong Skyline and disrupts the typical formation of the surrounding buildings.
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Iteration 02
Iteration 02 The iteration 02 looked at the juxtaposition between the horizontal and the vertical. The proposal addressed transparency and the boundary between the inside and outside. By blurring this boundary we could create a space which was public and private in its accessibility.
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Iteration 03
Iteration 03 Iteration 03 began to use the normative aspect f the facade and break up elements through the integration of the void and sample. The sample lacked in connection to the sample investigation conducted in Hong Kong. The horizontality also ended up being a missed opportunity to stand out within the Hong Kong context and dramatise the effect within the proposal.
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Iteration 04
Iteration 04 Iteration 04 introduced the stepped void which linked to the sampling and directs the eye through. This also allowed the building to reflect its effects around its context. The facade treatment was to similar to the streetscape of Hong Kong through it imagery and signage whilst the pattern had limits in scale and depth. The vertical and twisted volumes allowed for the enhancement of shadow, depth and transparency.
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Stereotomic Operations
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//01 - Site Extrusion //02 - Reduce footprint to create overhang and limit views towards sky //03 - Addition of rectangle to fit into surrounding //04 - Angled rectangle to juxtapose the surrounding and add views towards the HSBC building //05 - Final Primitive
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Build - up //01 - Floor plates and Access locations //02 -Refuge zones splitting activities //03 - Vertical Streetscape within the floor plates //04 - Building Cores for support and access //05 - Building form, pattern and transparency //06 - Structural steel on Envelope
02
// Building Core
// Refuge Floors
// Key Spaces
03
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The iconic nature of the tall tower has been at the heart of the vreation of the skyscraper since the first tall building was built. It is not a new concept, particularly in china.
//Access
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While the tower soars tall, the mixed -use podium forms the foundation for the development and establishes its urban context. The podium is a marriage of various disciplines, including urban design, architecture, environmental graphic design and landscape design. It is the intent of the podium designers to facilitate a seamless transition from the city to the building by creating a sense of place and identity for the development that syncs up with the city’s existing
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Exploded Axonometric 01
//01 - Exterior Structure //02 - Exterior envelope (primitive) //03 - Floor plates //04 - Vertical Streetscape //05 - Building Core //06 - Mid-level access 02
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//Low-level access
//Quick Circulation
//Quick Circulation
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//Mid-level access
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Iteration 05
Iteration 05 Iteration 05 began to curate the interior journey through the vertical streetscape. The integration of the streetscape is to dense and lacked the vertical stacking of the sampling elements. The poche also acted generically and reduced the importance of the effectual moments within.
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Sampling //01 - Meandering floor plates with multiple directionality //02 - Element that creates circulation and stop of points //03 - Auditorium seat and multi function space for retailers //04 - Boxes for leasing for various uses for open stores.
02 01
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Streetscape Volumes
Sample Volumes The stacked volumes within the container of the primitive need more attention to create various transitions and tensions between them. Due to the each sample having a multiplicity of effects we can curate the transition between them to either be direct or delayed to further heighten the effectual moments for the users.
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Interim Iteration
Interim Iteration The interim iteration re-thought the idea of the facade and removed the typical signage from Hong Kong. The section introduced an event space which would be critical in a public streetscape and add a larger variety of effects. The section looks at the transparency and light within the streetscape to enhance the experience.
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Stacking
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Main Space Circulation 160
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Vertical and Bridge Connection
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Floor Plate Integration
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Vertical Creation
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Typological Creation
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// void
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// Private
// Public
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Cross Review
Cross-Review Section The section shows the stacking of the effectual components however doesnt depict the effectual moments clearly. The facade treatment also does not enhance each stack separately. The facade needed to be developed to intensify the streetscape.
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Effects and Content Stacks The first stack is comprised of retail and food outlets bringing in a vibrant atmosphere similar to that of a busy Hong Kong Street. This atmosphere is exciting and is enhanced by the patterned glass facade playing with light within the space.
// Vertical lift circulation // Public zone of retail, food and plaza 168
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Effects and Content Stacks The skywalk stack is situated above the food and retail. It acts as a calm point in the building where you are exposed to the outside and links to that of parks are wide streets. There is delay between these two stacks as you gradually encounter the skywalk, getting glimpses on your way up
// Vertical lift circulation // Office space // Skywalk
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Effects and Content Stacks The shopping mall typology could benefit through the chaos effect. The idea of unpredictability, perception and deterministic chaos will excited the user to explore and spend more time within this typology which in turn could present economic benefits for both shops and rentability.
// Vertical lift circulation // Hotel // Reception, Lobby entertainment
// Core 172
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Final Review Iteration
Final Review The final section has defined its effectual moment more clearly through the streetscape. The dramatisation helps depict the mood evident throughout. The section however needs to lower the colour of the poche and ground plane so the eye doesn’t get drawn to less important areas.
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Bibliography References
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// Bibliography Selected Readings
Websites
Gage, M. F. Aesthetics as Politics - The Khaleesi Tower West 57th Street, NYC, 2016
Woods Bagot https://www.woodsbagot.com/projects/80-collins-street
Kepes, Gyorgy. Language of vision. Paul Theobald and Company. Humphries, 1969. Le Targat, Francois. Chagall. New York: Rizzoli, 1985. Malevich, Kazimir. The Non-Objective World: Part II. Chicago: Paul Theobold & Company, 1959. Moholy-Nagy, Laszlo. Vision in motion. Chicago: Paul Theobald. Humphries, 1965. Moussavi, F. The Function of Style. Spencer, Herbert. Pioneers of modern Typography. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2004.
Designing Buildings Wiki - Stakeholder Management https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Stakeholder_management_for_building_design_and_con struction Mecaanoo Completes modern palace of justice https://www.dezeen.com/2018/01/26/mecanoo-palace-justice-law-courts-spain-cordoba-ayesa- courtyards/ 2016 Population by Census https://www.bycensus2016.gov.hk/en/bc-dp.html
Young, M. The Affects of Realism or the Estrangement of the Background Young & Ayata. The Estranged Object, 2015
MVRDV Markethal https://www.mvrdv.nl/projects/340/the-stack?photo=16059 OMA Southbank https://oma.eu/projects/southbank-by-beulah
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Appendix
Semester 1 Group Work
Team Members Adam Bouabida Marija Petrovska
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Callum Stubbings Anticipation Taking a traditional detail of a pediment a de-familiarising the notions and performance we can curate a new position for the details interpretation. By using this detail as a starting point we can challenge the architectural language of Hong Kong to create a sense of anticipation and surprise. The foreign nature of the design contrasts that of its surrounding Hong Kong neighbourhood. The sample and void allow for views to the interior and present different qualities in night and day. In the day the sample is reflective and at night the sample emits light to allure and challenge the depth of the cube to create illusion. The de-familiarisation of the sample and the cube we can challenge the idea of depth, shadow and directionality. These qualities can enhance the social club typology by creating intrigue in the static nature of the central business district in Hong Kong. The surrounding Skyscrapers have a viewpoint into the cube and the samples effects can reflect on the exterior of these buildings to enhance its presence. The sample meets with the object at points to enhance this tension through the clash of the two opposing forms. The object is grounded reflecting the heaviness from the detail and the typical residential Hong Kong typology. The sample challenges the heaviness to bring lightness to the interior and void to draw pedestrians in and around the structure. By using the detail we challenge the conventions of the typical Hong Kong facade. Usually comprised of a set of windows or glass facade the object uses the transparency of the pattern and void to bring light within the interiority but without being typically seen on the outside of the design.
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Iteration 01 -
Iteration 02 -
By taking the Pediment detail we can begin to distort the object based on its functionality and meaning. The idea of the pediment provokes power through heaviness and shadow which we can begin to use to enhance and reduce the effects through portions of the object. The directionality of the pediment is mimicked through the slice directing the eye upwards, in turn creating a sense of lightness at the top.
Introducing the sample within the object we see a clash between the original effects from the detail and the new informed effects from the de-familiarisation of the sample. By using the clash of colour between the object and the sample we blur the lines and lose the sense of depth.
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Iteration 06 -
The pattern applied to the object distorts the geometry and lures the users into different areas of the building. The addition of floor plates begins to generate the circulation and define the normative space so we can distinguish the architectural core.
The section shows the tension between the sample and the object. This tension allows for a various number of inside/outside spaces and allows for a different experience depending where you enter. The object is sitting on a number of pillars which emphasise its heaviness whilst creating a number of avenues to enter. The ground articulation creates a different experience and sense of anticipation each time.
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Iteration 03 -
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The introduction of the ground associates the placement of the object in relationship with the sky. With the object having a grid like connection in the ground we present a clash of lightness vs heaviness. The suspension and the pillars also create a thoroughfare through the design. This relationship further enhances the anticipation through multiple entrances and exists.
By limiting the shadow in the composition we lose the sense of depth on the object and bring the sample to the foreground. The sample also draws attention of the viewer by its contrast in texture and geometry.
Iteration 07 Through the stereotomic operations we can see how the cuts create a number of spaces open to the outside. This allows for a different experience in daytime and night time. The object is also situated in the Governmental district to attract this demographic whose work hours are some of the longest in the world. Locating a social club in the near vicinity would increase traffic due to its proximity.
Iteration 08 The object takes form from the effectual performance of the architectural detail and does not follow the architectural language found in Hong Kong which creates a sense of anticipation when seen. The Sample acts as a signal to lure users inside to the social club and creates tension between the normative spaces and the architectural core.
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Social Club
Anticipation The object takes form from the effectual performance of the architectural detail and does not follow the architectural language found in Hong Kong which creates a sense of anticipation when seen. The Sample acts as a signal to lure users inside to the social club and creates tension between the normative spaces and the architectural core.
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Directional Anticipation
Section The section shows the tension between the sample and the object. This tension allows for a various number of inside/ outside spaces and allows for a different experience depending where you enter. The object is sitting on a number of pillars which emphasise its heavyness whilst creating a number of avenues to enter. The ground articulation creates a different experience and sense of anticipation each time.
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Stereotomic Operations
Performative Effects Taking the original artefact we begin to de-familiarise it through a range of sweeps which provoke a new understanding of its effects. Simply by adding curves and colour we begin to change the perception of the detail. We lose the heaviness and linearity of the detail and the sample becomes light and unpredictable. Through a series of stereotomic operations we can use the architectural detail as a sample to de-familiarise the object. The key performative aspects of the original architectural detail such as shadow, depth and directionality can distort the cube in a way to produce similar effects native to the detail.
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Void and Interiority
Void The void is a key architectural feature that creates tension between the cube and the effectual sample. By using the void we can have specific connections to the cube via the sample to enhance the spatial qualities. The sample takes form from the original detail but transforms its effect to create a new understanding of the performative effects. The floors and partitions enhance the architectural space by separating the normative from the key architectural core.
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Depth and Transparency
Facade The deformation of the cube produces soft and hard shadows and directionality by using repetition to create instances which aren’t repetitive to draw the persons eye in a deterministic way.
Repetition
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Verticality
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ormity
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Textural Repetition
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Light and Shadow
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Sampling
Architectural Detail The architectural detail we see here is taken from the pediment. This detail derives from a set of effects that we associate with its use, for example the pediment has connotations of power whilst having an architectural use of hiding other elements such as gutters and roofing.
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Spain - Gaudi Structural aesthetics
Japan - shell of columns and beams
Pediment
Italy - Buttress structural and ornimented
Italy - Pilasters
Italy - Architrave, frieze and cornice
New York - Mesh facade for lightweight aesthetics
Japan - Structure as Facade
Japan - Exterior Cladding and wood joinery
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Pattern
Pattern and Colour The pattern applied to the object distorts the geometry and lures the users into different areas of the building. The addition of floor plates begins to generate the circulation and define the normative space so we can distinguish the architectural core.
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Physical Construct
3d Print Sectional an full model with base for sample and cube relationship.
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Physical Construct
CNC Model The 60cm x 60cm CNC foam model
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