High... and dry
By Chris Gardner
When you can see the mountains it’s going to rain, when you can’t see the mountains, it’s raining.
“It’s going to rain,” says Mat Sherriff hopefully.
From high on his wife’s family’s drought stricken Rotomate sheep and beef farm, a short drive from Piopio town, Sherriff can see across the Central Plateau to the mountains at Tongariro National Park and down the coast to Mount Taranaki.
It’s a crystal-clear day, without a cloud in the sky.
The sun is shining, the temperatures are in the mid-twenties, and Rotomate hasn’t had any rain to speak off since before Christmas.
“This is excessively dry,” Sherriff said. “My biggest problem is water.”
One of Sherriff’s principal water sources on the 350ha block he leases across the road is drying up.
All up, Sherriff and his dentist wife Kim Tatham, runs an 1150ha farm, 870ha of it effective with the test as retired bush.
“It’s not looking too good,” he said.
“Last week I was panicking quite a bit about the water, but we have made a few plans since then,” he said.
“We have dug a new hole, created a new stock water pond, and got new pumps and pipe to fill another pond who’s level has dropped about one metre.”
It’s cost the farm about $15,000, but it has given Sherriff more certainty in less certain times.
“We feel like we are pretty lucky when we drive around the country.”
He’s a regular visitor to the Waipā district, where he has family and Hamilton city, where his children attend school. Max, 15, is at St Paul’s Collegiate, while Zoe, 13, is at Waikato Diocesan School for Girls. He has seen far drier conditions to the north.
“We are getting a share of grass, we are pretty good at managing that,” he said.
Rotomate sheep and beef farmer Mat Sherriff says pond levels have dropped about one metre on his farm.
Sherriff, who has been farming Rotomate since 2012, having moved from Taupō, is planning to introduce breakfeeding with silage, allowing livestock a small area to graze each day.
Other farmers used to describe the King Country as summer safe, farming parlance for guaranteed enough rain in the summer to grow good crops and livestock, but this sentiment is a thing of the past.
“We have had more dry summers than we have had wet summers,” he said.
“Last year was the second driest summer in 30 years.”
In 2024 the farm received 1733 millimetres of rain compared to 1650 millimetres in 2005 – it usually receives about two metres.
“Stock manager Darren McNabb came up from Cheviot so is used to the dry,” Sherriff said.
“He spent all last year telling me how wet it was.” Regardless of McNabb’s views, it’s all about pivoting to being better prepared for ongoing dry conditions in the summers.
“We feel like we are getting the hang of managing them.
“Our stock is in really good condition,” Sherriff said. Instead of finishing cattle at 550kg, they are being finished about one month early at 500kg.
Sherriff and Tatham also run a corporate retreat on the farm, and up to 12 guests stay at a time in quarters once used to home Sir Peter Jackson’s cast and crew filming The Hobbit.
Parts of the farm appear in a few seconds long sequence about three quarters of an hour into the first film: An Unexpected Journey.
• Quality, professional advice to farmers and businesses
• Expert taxation and business structure planning
• Family trust management
• Friendly, personalised service
Contact us for a FREE NO OBLIGATION INTERVIEW to discuss your financial requirements
www.baileyingham.co.nz
18 Maniapoto St, Ōtorohanga 07 873 7325
41 Bank St, Te Awamutu 07 870 1888 29 Hakiaha St, Taumarunui 07 895 7312 info@baileyingham.co.nz
lamb bain laubscher
RURAL LAWYERS FOR RURAL CLIENTS
Areas of Practice
• Asset protection
• Commercial law
including sale & purchase of businesses
• Commercial leases
• Company law
• Conveyancing
Rural, residential & subdivisions
• Employment law
• Estate planning
• ETS & forestry
• Rural law
• Trust law
• Wills & estate administration
• Wind farming
127 Rora Street, PO Box 412, Te Kūiti, 3941 P 07 878 1011 F 07 878 6693 E sam@lbllaw.co.nz W www.lbllaw.co.nz
CONTACTS
News/Editorial
Roy Pilott editor@goodlocal.nz
027 450 0115
Chris Gardner chris@goodlocal.nz
027 231 7007
Mary Anne Gill maryanne@goodlocal.nz
021 705 213
Viv Posselt viv@goodlocal.nz
027 233 7686
Advertising Director
Janine Davy janine@goodlocal.nz
027 287 0005
Owner/Publisher David Mackenzie david@goodlocal.nz Office
07 878 1188 reception@goodlocal.nz
Martin’s an ace of spades
If we like to gamble, Martin Leveridge could well be our man to back at Fieldays this year, as Jon Rawlinson discovered.
When constructing anything, a little Leveridge seldom goes amiss. However, with little margin for error, both speed and skill are also required when making a play for competitive fencing’s highest honours.
“You need a bit of both,” Te Kūiti’s Martin Leveridge says.
“If you’re really quick, you can get away with doing a slightly rougher job, but the guys competing now are just so damn good that they can finish first and have the best work as well.”
He was hardly fenced in by his previous career path, but since taking on a new trade with fellow King Country countryman, Troy Brooky, Leveridge has made every post a winner, or near enough.
“I was in engineering for 10 years, doing a lot of structural stuff, cowsheds and whatnot, but I needed a bit of a break. It was supposed to be a bit of a holiday but once I started fencing, I never stopped.”
Taking up with Brooky, an old school friend, Leveridge served an apprenticeship before starting his own business. He has also competed in the Golden Pliers and, in partnership with Brooky, the pairs event, Silver Spades.
While there are other fencing competitions, including a speed fencing event at the annual Rural Games, Fieldays at Mystery Creek hosts the best in the business.
This year, both men will be going for gold, individually, and seeking silver as a duo. Both have appeared in finals for the Bill Schuler Award, intended for up-andcomers and competitors still relatively new to fencing.
Brooky, who has a few more years on the line under his belt, finished fifth in 2022, second in 2023 and fourth in the Bill Schuler competition last year. But Leveridge holds bragging rights in this respect.
“I made the Golden Pliers final once, finishing eighth in 2022, but before that I won the Bill Schuler two years in a row. As far as winning Golden Pliers this year, I wouldn’t say I have a good chance, but I do have a good chance of making the final.”
The pair were sixth last year in the Silver Spades event.
“We’ve definitely got a good shot of winning or at least being right up there in the doubles as we’ve had some good results in the past couple of years,” Leveridge says. “We have a good system together – I do my job, he does his and we both work instinctively.”
Competitive fencing has produced many legends. Martin Leveridge and Troy Brooky have a very long row to hoe if they’re ever
to eclipse the record of King Country great, Wayne Newdick.
“Wayne, he’s a bloody good bugger,” Martin says. “He’s into judging now but he had an awesome record.”
In addition to a Golden Pliers win, the Taumarunui titan dominated the Silver Spades with 10 wins from 2001-2011, mostly in partnership with Hawke’s Bay’s Paul Van Beers. Newdick’s achievements were recognised with a Lifetime Legacy Award at last year’s Rural Sports Awards.
Even though some of the old guard has stepped aside, Leveridge and Brooky still have highly skilled father and son duo, Shane and Tony Bouskill (Hawke’s Bay), and Jeff Joines (Kāpiti) to compete with.
In addition, Gisborne’s Cory Twigley and Tim Garrick finished first and third in last year’s Golden Pliers while teaming up to secure the Silver Spades.
“I’d say Tim and Tony would be my top two picks for the Golden Pliers. Those guys will be tough so it’s going to be a hard push,” Leveridge says. “But we’ve had some bloody good results in the doubles in competitions over the last couple of years, so there’s no reason why we can’t reach the top spots.”
While a farmer won’t thank a fencer if his cows are in the corn, for example, Leveridge says the judges at Fieldays are much harsher critics when getting down to brass tacks. And yet, the judges’ pedantry has helped him develop his skills professionally.
“As long as a fence looks good and it’s doing its job, most farmers aren’t going to go start picking that you’re out by millimetres and that kind of thing,” he adds.
“Competing has been a huge help. We know what judges are looking for and then we put those skills into our everyday work.”
Martin Leveridge “Once I started fencing I never stopped”.
Time to get out the gate
By Chris Gardner
Natasha Cave is encouraging drought-stricken King Country sheep and beef farmers to take a mental health day and join the Beef and Lamb New Zealand Farmer Council at the Out of the Gate event in Rotorua.
Cave, a member of the council and co-manager of the 396ha Rotowai Farms at Mokauiti near Aria with her husband Alan, said the free March 26 event was a great opportunity to get off the farm and focus on people and productivity.
“Given the last 18 months we have been through financially, and we are now in a really dry period that’s not that great, it’s a good opportunity to get out and talk to some other farmers,” Cave said.
The scorching weather is bound to be a topic of conversation.
Cave’s farm has had a fraction of the rain it usually receives this year.
In January only 37.5 mm of rain fell, compared to 185 millimetres in 2024, followed by 23.5 millimetres in February, compared to 52 millimetres in 2024, and March doesn’t look like it will deliver the 131 millimetres It received last year.
“It’s the lowest we have seen it in a long time,” Cave said. February’s thunderstorms skirted the farm.
“Water is probably tighter than feed, although if we don’t get rain soon, feed will become a big issue,” she said.
Cave said there was not any feed suitable left for finishing animals.
“We have just off loaded as much noncapital stock as possible. We are acutely aware it is getting late, and we are running out of days to get our pasture covers where they need to be for winter and want to protect next year’s production as much as possible.
“It becomes very hard to cart water in if you have got a lot of cattle. We need to be more aware of how our climate is changing.
“The King Country traditionally used to be summer safe with fairly reliable rainfall over the summer, not having that
super dry period, so now we are having to make sure we have got good water systems in place. That’s going to come into play more.”
Cave, who received the inaugural 2025 Beef and Lamb New Zealand Leadership Advancement Scholarship in November as part of the organisation’s people and capability workstream, is planning to increase the farm’s head of cattle and add more water tanks to support that plan in increasingly dry summers.
Beef and Lamb New Zealand general manager of extension Justine Kidd said Out of the Gate would provide the information, tools, and fresh perspectives on navigating challenges and opportunities. It will feature interactive workshops, diving into topics like on-farm productivity, leadership, team building, and diversification
Speakers include meat market expert Simon Quilty, economist Shamubeel Eaqub and motivator David Letele.
Farming through a drought
By Chris Gardner
Dairy farming in drought conditions is a fine balance between making the most of a good milk price and setting up for next season, says Share farming Consultants founder Louise Gibson.
“Don’t be embarrassed if you don’t know what to do or if it feels a bit overwhelming,” Gibson said.
The secret is dispensing with emotions and making dataled decisions.
Gibson recommended starting by getting a herd body condition score done by an accredited scorer listed on the DairyNZ website.
“This will give you the information to determine milking regime, cow intake, and start your feed budget,” she said. Then work out how much feed you have on hand and create a feed budget.
“Most farmers will need to put a hard line in the sand
around not losing any further condition and start looking at how to preserve lactation,” Gibson said.
This may lead to a change in milking regime, introducing other products to the herd’s diet and sending away cull cows.
“There are a lot of areas who are looking for in milk cows so you may get a good price for them still,” Gibson said.
Farmers should then calculate the financial balance between extending lactation and banking some autumn milk production.
“If you do think you have a good case for making this work, do your budgets and cashflows and sit down with your bank as soon as possible to discuss this,” Gibson said.
Farmers should keep reviewing their plan.
“A plan made now may not be a suitable plan in a months’ time,” Gibson cautioned.
“We have no idea when it might start raining so be flexible and don’t be afraid to ask for expert help.
Fellow consultant Ashlea Kowalski said on-hand feed became a real concern as the drought tightened its grip and farmers, sharemilkers and contract milkers needed to be having conversations about feed.
“As we fast approach the new dairy season, is there going to be the feed on-hand you put in the agreements for current but also if you have new sharemilkers or contract milkers coming onboard for the new season?”
“The conversations need to happen now, and allow input from both parties, which needs to address how you are going to remedy the shortfall of feed, and outlining who is responsible for this,” Kowalski said.
“Is it financially beneficial for both parties to purchase extra feed in now, and lock in additional feed for the upcoming season?
“It all comes down to having those conversations.”
Natasha Cave is encouraging others to join her at the Rotorua event.
l
RURAL VIEW
Celebrating what?
By Richard Steele
Recently we had Wellington Anniversary weekend one week, followed by Auckland anniversary the next, and every year I think the same thing.
Why are we country people celebrating these weekends at all?
Of course I’m not advocating less holidays, I wouldn’t dare. What I object to are the name. Why don’t we rename these holidays after our own districts?
What on earth sounds wrong with having a Waikato day, a Ruapehu day, a Manawatu holiday, wherever you are from day?
Now I’m no historian, and as I understand the history, could possibly be wrong.
But Auckland is named after a British noble person who never came here, and whose only claim to fame was as being the governor general of India.
What relevance he has to our largest city I’m not sure.
Wellington’s claim to fame was also as a British aristocrat, and who may have invented long boots, often seen on New Zealand farms in their rubber evolution. But to have our capital city named after his sorry self, seems to be taking colonisation a step to far.
Letters to the Editor
• Letters should not exceed 200 words
I’m not necessarily advocating for all Māori names to be used either, but more for names to be used that have some meaningful significance to the area they represent - be they Māori or names that recognise people or events that have shaped or helped our nations progress.
So while I’m on the case, I’ll also advocate for a few other changes as well.
I have little against the Royal Family, I’m sure they are at heart great folk.
It’s just that we have too many streets and towns named after them when they should be named after the same criteria as above.
I’m not going to die in the trenches over this, but as we surge forward with our young and vibrant nation, I’m sure we can do a lot better.
In our family we also wonder whose imagination was running wild the day any one ever named a road with the word view in itsea view , mountain view, lake view, heaven forbid.
• They should be opinion based on facts or current events
• All letters to be emailed to editor@goodlocal.nz
• No noms-de-plume
• Letters will be published with names
• Please include full name, address and contact details for our records only
• Letters may be edited, abridged, or rejected at the editor’s discretion
• The editor’s decision on publication is final.
GRASS HARVESTING
• Kuhn combi - Round baler/wrappers
• Case big square baler & wrapper
• Forage harvester with trucks or tractors/trailers
• Full mowing services
• Bale stacking
• Hay/silage for sale
• Maize silage contracts available
CULTIVATION/PLANTING
Disc, power, harrow, roller drill
Striptill maize planting
1 pass with Base/Starter fert
8 row planter • Fodder beet planter
Direct drills
Fert/seed/slugbait/clover bins
• Spray truck with 15 metre boom, interrow shut o
• Solids Muck spreader
- E uent
- Drain cleanings
- Chicken manure
- Bobcat for calfsheds
• Diggers
- Bulldozers
- Metal cartage
Following the kiwi
By Clyde Graf , Waipa-King Country councillor
Last week, councillor Downard, chair Pamela Storey and I were guests at Maungatautari, watching the annual kiwi translocation. Up until now I’ve been a bit dubious about the Maungatautari pest-free project.
However, over time my view has changed somewhat, and given the project has now been in existence since 2002, I think it’s worth persisting with. Making it self-funding is the ongoing challenge.
The project consists of 3400 hectares of forest encompassed by a 47 kilometre long pest-proof fence. It’s reportedly the largest predator-free enclosure in the world.
There are an estimated 3000 kiwi now living on the mountain, and there’s little doubt kiwi are one of the species benefiting from the antimammalian fortification.
Chief executive, Helen Hughes has been at the helm for 18 months. Her vision for the Maunga is decisive, and her ideas for financial sustainability, are creative and novel.
Helen discussed the kiwi programme, which involves kiwi being raised within the enclosure for translocating out to other projects around the country. In 2023 61 adult kiwi were shipped to the Tongariro Kiwi Sanctuary experiment, and in 2024, another 88 - with dozens more this year. I was also informed that Sanctuary Mountain doesn’t currently monitor the outcomes of the birds they give away.
I’ve been following the kiwi survival statistics for the Tongariro Kiwi Sanctuary for 20 years, and the project is a kiwi disaster. A mad-scientist experiment. Hundreds of radio-tracked kiwi have died in the Sanctuary since 2000, and they continue to do so.
Many are from Maungatautari. Ongoing aerial 1080 operations have been disrupting the Tongariro forest since 1999.
Hundreds of kiwi have been translocated into Tongariro, but very few come out. Most die prematurely, often as chicks. Hundreds of them. This has been confirmed by Official Information Act requests.
Conversely, and aside from Sanctuary Mountain, the Department of Conservation (DOC) said in another Official Information Act request (OIA) that it has removed 99 kiwi eggs, and seven kiwi chicks from the Okahu Valley between 2000 and 2017.
DOC states that the Okahu Valley, which borders Te Urewera National Park, has never been aerially poisoned with 1080, and has not had stoat or ferret control undertaken.
The forest was logged in the 1960s and is open to pig and deer hunting all year round. Kiwi have survived the logging, they’ve survived the pig hunting, and they’ve survived the absence of pest control in the Okahu Valley. In fact, they’ve thrived. That’s why DOC can raid their nests in order to boost populations in its poisoned forests.
The High Court recently ruled that the Department of Conservation permitting the New Zealand Transport Agency to kill protected wildlife during the Mt Messenger Bypass project, was unlawful. I think it’s now crucial for the Maungatautari Trust and local iwi to ensure that the outcomes of their translocated kiwi, are monitored.
The success of the Maungatautari project depends on those kiwi being legally protected from the mad-scientist experiments.
My view, not necessarily that of council.
Setting up in business
Setting up a new business, so you are working for yourself, is exciting! The vast majority of businesses in New Zealand are small to medium businesses, set up by individuals who, for a variety of reasons have decided not to work for somebody else.
One of the early decisions that you will need to make is what entity will conduct the business. There are a number of ways that the new business can be owned.
A sole trader is a structure that may work for a small operation – advantages: simplicity, ease of administration; disadvantages: the owner remains personally liable for all business debts and obligations.
A partnership is commonly used for professionals working together – advantages: simplicity, ability to share costs and responsibilities; disadvantages: the partners are jointly and severally liable for all partnership debts and obligations.
A limited liability company is a very common structure for a new business – advantages: the liability of the person or people who set up the business is limited so the owners are not personally liable for the company debts; disadvantages: more complex registration and compliance requirements.
A trust that runs a business - referred to as a trading trust. If used appropriately, the owners may gain protection from business debts, but it is essential that the trust is well managed and documented.
Guidance from your professional advisors is imperative in making your decision about the business entity, and then as you work through the initial processes and ongoing operation.
Mandy Rasmussen
‘Wrong’ call on levies
By Chris Gardner
DairyNZ board chair Tracy Brown says the organisation got it wrong when it asked farmers to chose one of two levy rises.
Brown, who is also a Waikato dairy farmer, told The News the organisation had not raised its levy from 3.6 cents per kg of milk solids since 2009.
Asking farmers whether they wished to maintain current science and research, at between 4.4 cents and 4.6 cents per kg of milk solids, or expand investment in science and research, at 4.7 cents to 5 cents, had created some confusion and angst, Brown said.
“In hindsight we should have had a third option to make that clearer,” Brown said.
The options consulted on will increase the milksolids levy payment by at least $800 per 100,000 kilograms of milk solids and be as much as $1400 per 100,000 kilograms of milksolids.
“If they were to choose 3.6 cents, they are choosing to further downsize DairyNZ, and stop doing a lot more work,” Brown said. She said 0.8 cents went to tuberculosis and pest control.
DairyNZ budgeted for $67,790 of levy income in 2025, and a total revenue of $81,773. Expenditure is budgeted at $85,252.
Government funding had decreased from about $14 million to about $4 million in
the last decade, Brown said.
Te Awamutu dairy farmer and DairyNZ board member Chris Lewis said dairy farmers were able to comment on the options as they voted.
“We have had 10 or 12 consultation meetings on this, and I have been to about half, and it was not a very good turnout,” he said.
He had reviewed around 1500 pieces of feedback.
Waikato Federated Farmers president Keith Holmes said DairyNZ had made “a bad assumption” that dairy farmers accepted that DairyNZ needs an
increase in levy.
There was no “no increase option” nand suggested the decision makers were “dancing with the fairies”.
Ōhaupō dairy farmer and Waikato Federated Farmers vice president Andrew Reymer agreed.
“While they have lots of justification for putting the levy up, they have a declining milk pool, and it makes sense.
“But if the farmers are not feeling the love on the ground, then it’s a hard sell. People are saying Dairy who? I don’t think there’s a lot of support to put the levy up.”
FARM SERVICES
Reymer said dairy farmers wished DairyNZ would bring back facilitation of discussion groups within a short drive of most farmers.
“That was the only place they connected with farmers,” he said.
Brown said DairyNZ had already listened to that feedback and was rolling out a series of pilot discussion groups in the Waikato.
“Let’s just say that’s a work in progress,” Brown said.
“Some of farmers’ best learning comes from each other.”
DairyNZ board chair Tracy Brown.
A question of farmer confidence
By Chris Gardner
Farmer confidence has flipped to its highest level in a decade, according to the latest Federated Farmer survey, having flopped from the worst it has ever been.
But the results of the latest national farm confidence survey had the feeling of a false summer, to Waikato Federated Farmers president Keith Holmes.
“While I agree with the general survey results, there is nothing internationally to suggest that we are in a period of prolonged economic and political stability,” he said.
“Nor are farmers making a profit. Many more will be able to pay their bills but in actual fact they are still mining their balance sheets, which is a very serious non sustainable predicament for New Zealand.”
Farmer confidence in economic conditions surged from -66 per cent in July 2024 to a net positive score of two per cent in January 2025. It was the largest one-off improvement since the question was introduced to the survey in 2016.
A net 23 per cent of farmers expect better economic conditions over the next year - the highest confidence level since January 2014.
There has also been a sharp lift in profitability, with 54 per cent of farmers now reporting making a profit – equating to
General economic conditions (current):
Farmer confidence has surged by 68 points since July 2024, rebounding from a deeply negative -66 per cent to a net positive score of two per cent. This marks the largest one-off improvement since the question was introduced in 2016.
General economic conditions (expectations):
Optimism is rising. Net expectations have increased 29 points since January 2024. A net 23 per cent of farmers now anticipate better conditions over the next year - the highest confidence level seen since January 2014.
Farm profitability (current):
The number of farmers making a profit has doubled since the last survey, and 54 per cent report a profit - up from just 27 per cent.
The net profitability score has surged by 60 points, the strongest turnaround since July 2022.
double the number in the last survey six months ago.
Federated Farmers national president Wayne Langford, who only last year led the Restoring Farmer Confidence tour with Prime Minister Christopher Luxon, said he had noticed a significant shift in the mood of rural New Zealand.
“The last few years have been bloody tough for a lot of our farming families, with falling incomes, rising interest rates and unpaid bills starting to pile up on the kitchen bench.
“At the same time, we’ve also been struggling with an incredibly challenging regulatory environment and farming rules that haven’t always been practical, affordable or fair.
“These survey results paint a clear picture of a sector finally able to breathe a sigh of relief as some of that weight is lifted.”
The survey results show regulation and compliance costs remains the greatest concern for farmers, followed by interest rates and banks, and input costs.
The survey shows farmers’ highest priorities for the government are the economy and business environment, fiscal policy, and reducing regulatory burdens.
“If the government are serious about their ambitious growth agenda and doubling exports over the next decade, this is where they need to be focusing their energy,”
Langford said.
Farm profitability (expectations):
Confidence in future profitability continues to climb. A net 31 per cent of farmers expect improvement over the next 12 months - a 41-point increase since July 2024. This is the highest forwardlooking profitability score since July 2017.
Farm production (expectations):
A net 16 per cent of farmers expect production to increase in the next year, extending a positive trend. It is the first time since 2016-17 that there have been three consecutive periods of predicted growth.
Farm spending (expectations):
Spending intentions have strengthened. A net 23 per cent of farmers plan to increase spending over the next 12 months - up 26 points from July 2024. This is the strongest expected rise since January 2023.
Farm debt (expectations):
“For farmers to have the confidence to invest in our businesses, employ more staff, and grow our economy, we need to have confidence in our direction of travel as a nation too.
“As a country, we’re never going be able to regulate our way to prosperity, but with the right policy settings, we might just be able to farm our way there.”
41 per cent of farmers plan to reduce their debt in the next year, up from 23 per cent in July 2024. Lower interest rates, improved confidence, and stronger production forecasts are driving this shift.
Ability to recruit (experienced):
Hiring challenges persist, and a net 16 per cent of respondents reported difficulty recruiting skilled staff in the past six months, largely unchanged from July 2024. However, this is the least difficult period for recruitment since July 2012.
Greatest concerns (current):
The top concerns for farmers remain regulation and compliance costs, debt, interest and banks, and input costs.
Highest government priorities: Farmers want the government to prioritise the economy and business environment, fiscal policy, and reducing regulatory burdens.
When Prime Minister Chris Luxon, pictured here speaking at Mystery Creek in December with Wayne Langford looking on, farmer confidence has flopped. Now it’s flipped.
