V17 • I01 • JANUARY 2022
Canadian Nuclear Laboratories
VOYAGEUR
A ‘GAMECHANGER’ FOR THE INDUSTRY Brainchild of CNL employees is the safest, most efficient to clean up waste It weighs 1.4 million pounds – or 635,000 kilograms – and will take more than 150 trucks to ship to the Whiteshell site. When it arrives and is assembled, this gargantuan equipment will be the safest and most efficient way to clean up radioactive and other hazardous waste now in temporary storage. It is called the Standpipes and Bunker Waste Retrieval System. David Gilson, CNL’s Whiteshell site Senior Manager for Waste Management Area Demolition and Decommissioning, considers it a ground-breaking invention. “This is going to be a gamechanger not just for Canada, but for other countries with nuclear programs,” Gilson said. “For us to show you can do this type of work remotely will be significant for the industry.” The system is the brainchild of CNL employees who were trying to figure out the best method to remediate intermediate-level radioactive waste while protecting employees. CNL’s specific challenge was to develop a plan to remediate 171 in-ground concrete standpipes (vertical in-ground waste storage structures) and seven in-ground concrete bunkers – while making sure the people doing the work were as safe as possible. That means breaking open the concrete standpipes and bunkers, retrieving the material inside, then identifying, cataloguing, sorting, packaging and preparing it for transport to CNL’s Chalk River site for continued safe management. As a result of the radioactive hazards and other contaminants, the solution was to use remotely operated equipment as part of a first of a kind system using commercially available parts and components and some specifically designed parts assembled in a unique configuration. Part of this solution, the Bunker Waste Retrieval System, will sit over one bunker at a time and using remotely operated excavator arms, remove the roof, extract materials, and deliver them for processing. Once the bunker is cleared of materials and decontaminated, the system will then be moved to the next bunker using a series of selfpropelled modular transporters situated underneath the building. The second part, the Standpipe Waste Retrieval System, will sit over two standpipes at the same time, pulverize the concrete caps into rubble, extract the materials and then deliver the waste for processing. A crane will then lift and move it along to the next two standpipes. The heart of the system is the Sorting and Conditioning Unit which
MODEL OF THE STAND PIPE WASTE REMOVAL SYSTEM
will receive the packaged waste materials from both the bunkers and standpipes. It contains two pairs of remotely operated manipulator arms that will open, segregate, analyze, sort, and package the waste into shielded canisters for safe transport. Everything is directed from a control room that is an entire football field away. David Gilson says keeping workers at a safe distance is key to this unique system. “You don’t have to put someone right on top of the bunker or the standpipe to retrieve the waste,” Gilson said. “You can do this remotely and remove any danger to people and the environment that this process could present.” The components of the system are now under construction in the Greater Toronto Area and Cambridge, Ontario. They are due to be transported to Whiteshell in late 2022 and reassembled. It is estimated it will take six months to empty and process each of the seven bunkers and a week for each of the 171 standpipes, putting the total time to clear both at forty-two months. The Standpipes and Bunker Waste Retrieval System showcases the ingenuity of CNL engineers and technicians, who have successfully invented a new way to keep workers safe and to efficiently handle a complex and enormous remediation project. And there is an added bonus: the people who are now being recruited to work with the system will have unique experience in waste management, decommissioning and remediation.
CNL ‘CROWDFUNDING’ SUPPORTS LOCAL CAUSES Employees use morale fund allocation to support those in need in local communities
better spent through investments into local communities or other important causes. Following a week long ‘idea submission’ stage which generated over 90 ideas, a CNL review team then shortlisted and condensed the ideas into 53 eligible applicants, which were then moved forward to an ‘investment stage.’ Each CNL staff member was provided $250 to invest into the project of their choosing. In only four days, employees fully funded 29 ideas that will now receive financial support through the program.
In recognition of CNL’s outstanding performance in 2020/2021, our parent company, Canadian National Energy Alliance, (CNEA) decided to do something different with the morale fund allocation this past year. While the money, which is provided by the consortium members – SNC Lavalin, Jacobs, and Fluor – is typically used for team events, company apparel or other personal items, late last year CNL ran a “crowdfunding campaign” to see how the money could be
In total, approximately $180,000 is being donated to a number of causes below, many of which directly benefit those in need within our local communities, including investments in schools, in parks and outdoor trails, in mental health and homelessness, in the protection of animals, and financial aid for the less fortunate. Pictured: (Top) CNL’s Ian Pelinskie, Debbie Peplinskie and Jeff Griffin present donation to staff from the OSPCA Renfrew County Animal Care Centre; (Left) CNL’s Fiona Higho presents a cheque to Alex Wytenburg, President of the Renfrew County Junior Farmers.
$180,000 IN DONATIONS SUPPORTS MANY LOCAL CAUSES • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
The Northumberland Humane Society Anishinaabe Cultural Circle Child Poverty Action Network (CPAN) The Renfrew County SPCA The Ottawa Valley Recreational Trail (Alqonquin Trail) Junior Farmers of Ontario Hospital Health Care Workers in Renfrew County The Women’s Sexual Assault Centre of Renfrew County The Laurentian Valley Skating Trail Local Food Banks Bonnechere Museum Geoheritage Trail The Grind Emergency Extraction Equipment St Anthony’s School Outdoor Seating at Port Hope Area Initiative
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Petawawa Terrace Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC) Water First Education and Training for Indigenous Communities Community Turtle Crossing Signs The Tiverton Fire Department Watch My 6 Service Dogs Whitewater Ontario Lac du Bonnet & District Arena Seven Sisters Falls Community Club Dumoine River Canoe Route and Tote Road Trail CNL Ski Day / Mount Martin Ski Club Mackenzie Community School North Renfrew Family Services Petawawa Predators Swim Club
CNL AND AECL HOLD COMMUNITY UPDATE Hundreds turn out for update on the future of the Chalk River Laboratories If you were scrolling through Facebook on January 24, you may have noticed some familiar faces from AECL and CNL on your feed (hopefully you didn’t keep scrolling!). That’s because both organizations came together to host a live public address to provide the community with an update on our progress to build a bright and successful future for the Chalk River Laboratories. The webinar, which was streamed across CNL’s social media platforms and through CNL’s website, drew approximately 350 people for the update. Among the many topics that were covered during the interactive event, representatives from both organizations discussed the clean-up and revitalization of the Chalk River campus, as well as new and exciting projects underway in clean energy, public health and environmental stewardship. Both AECL and CNL hoped that the webinar would serve as an opportunity for the public to better interact and engage with both organizations, and to learn more about the many exciting projects
“What can I tell you about the future of the Chalk River site? That the Chalk River Labs as a thriving nuclear science and technology campus is here to stay,” commented Mr. Dermarkar during the webinar. “Of particular note is the large infrastructure investment for new and renewed science facilities and support infrastructure at Chalk River, starting in 2016. The Government of Canada has shown a clear commitment to a strong and vibrant lab that will continue to drive innovation into the future.” “Clearly, we believe the future of CNL is very bright, and full of opportunity,” commented Mr. McBrearty. “And to be direct, this is great news for this region. It means lots of work at this campus for decades to come, and that CNL will continue to spur economic growth in our area. It also means that there will be many commercial opportunities for qualified local suppliers to take advantage of.” In addition to prepared remarks from Joe and Fred, Meggan Vickerd, CNL’s General Manager of Waste Services, provided the community
CLEARLY, WE BELIEVE THE FUTURE OF CNL IS VERY BRIGHT, AND FULL OF OPPORTUNITY. THIS IS GREAT NEWS FOR THIS REGION. IT MEANS LOTS OF WORK AT THIS CAMPUS FOR DECADES TO COME.
that are underway to grow the nuclear science and technology programs carried out at the site. “We have been working hard to position the Chalk River Laboratories for the future, ensuring that we maintain and expand our leadership position in key areas of research, while exploring new commercial opportunities,” commented Joe McBrearty, CNL’s President and CEO. “It is exciting to watch this vision take shape, and we wanted to share this progress, begin the discussion, and hear what people have to say about plans for the labs’ future. That was the goal of this webinar, and I was happy to see people take advantage of the opportunity.” In their prepared remarks, both Joe McBrearty and Fred Dermarkar, AECL’s President and CEO, saw a very positive future for the Chalk River Laboratories, and recognized the important role that the campus can play for the future of the local economy.
- JOE MCBREARTY
with an update on the Near Surface Disposal Project, while Dr. Jeff Griffin, CNL’s Vice-President of Science and Technology, discussed CNL’s most promising research projects, including our small modular reactor (SMR) program and Actinium-225 program. Following the update, both AECL and CNL representatives responded to questions submitted by attendees, which included topics such as waste management, environmental remediation, public engagement, clean energy and health sciences. If you missed the webinar and would like to watch it, you can access the video on CNL’s Facebook page. It will also be made available through myCNL in the near future.
RENDERING OF PROPOSED BUILDING TO HOUSE ACTINIUM-225 PRODUCTION FACILITIES
CNL ANNOUNCES SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENTS IN ITS ACTINIUM-225 PRODUCTION PROGRAM Actinium. It’s been a word on the tip of our tongues here at CNL for a few years. Sounds cool. Holds a lot of potential in the fight against cancer, but, exactly what we’re doing with it hasn’t been clear. Well, this year more than any of the previous years, we have gained clarity around what our work in Actinium will look like. A great deal of progress has been made, and while there is much to be done between today and ‘success’, we are pleased to be able to share news of our progress in several key project areas. First, background on Actinium-225, what it is, what it does, and why CNL is getting involved. Actinium-225 is a rare isotope which can be produced through a few different pathways. Without getting into the details, it is difficult to produce, requiring either an accelerator facility and using rare starting material, or a stockpile of sensitive nuclear materials. Actinium-225 is an alpha-emitter, meaning that as it decays, an alpha particle is emitted.
This means that clinical trials and drug R&D work are limited. This tight supply comes in the way of promising Actinium-225-based technology reaching its true potential in terms of meeting critical and unmet cancer cure needs. Here at CNL for the past three years, we have created our own small scale generator which produces enough Actinium-225 for our R&D purposes, and to share with strategic collaborators who cater to very sick patients through supplies under the “compassionate care” route in certain overseas jurisdictions. With our limited capacity, we have also recently initiated samples and supplies to some customers who have initiated testing and pre-clinical R&D using our Actinium-225. In addition to advancing our admirable mission to make novel contributions to the health of Canadians, our work here is steadily shaping up to be a strong business opportunity as well. The commercial revenue potential of this project is significant, and these will contribute towards making our labs more financially sustainable.
The half-life of Actinium-225 is about 10 days; long enough for the isotope to “do its job” in fighting cancer at the targeted organ, yet, short enough to not “harmfully linger” in the body. It’s increasingly being seen as a “goldilocks” isotope in nuclear medicine.
Given the potential of Actinium-225 as a cure for a variety of cancers, the demand for this radioisotope is expected to grow, rapidly. The current global production of Actinium is approximately 3 curies. In the next two decades, market demand is expected to be approximately 100 times of this or more.
THE OPPORTUNITY
This creates a strong market opportunity and there are only a handful of organizations that are presently equipped to capitalize on it. CNL has the attributes and the potential to step up to this inspiring challenge and be very successful.
Currently there is very little of this material in the world. So little in fact that the total annual production is less than a grain of sand.
THE NEXT BIG THING AT CNL THE GOAL Become a strong partner to the radiopharmaceutical industry and establish a robust commercial supply chain for the production and distribution of Actinium-225. Our annual production capacity will steadily grow to 130 Curies, through which we plan to consistently capture a sizeable share of the growing Ac-225 market. This is an ambitious goal and it will require significant investment into a new production facility. While today we produce small amounts of Actinium-225 through “milking” a thorium generator, for higher volume production we will need to use an accelerator-based production method, which CNL will need to design and build. Note: While the production amounts may seem small, targeted alpha therapies’ smaller amount of activity used per patient dose; 130 Curies is enough to provide over 250,000 patient doses.
CNL has selected a 24 MeV accelerator and is designing a dedicated facility for this operation.
THE TARGET There are a handful of ways to create Actinium-225, each with their strengths and weaknesses. CNL’s current planning is to use a target made of Radium-226. Radium is a radioactive material, though not common, CNL has secured meaningful quantities and is in the process of securing more of this key starting material. The target is a block of copper, about the size and shape of a cell phone. One surface of the target would be coated in a thin film of Radium-226 which will be irradiated by protons from a cyclotron to produce Ac-225. CONTINUED ...
THE FACILITY In an accelerator using powerful magnets, a beam of protons is sped up to about half the speed of light (150,000 kilometres per second). The protons bombard a target material for a period of time (we estimate about five days). Over that time, the protons and neutrons in the atoms of the target material gain energy, eventually lead to the atom splitting. CNL is planning to produce Actinium-225 through this process, using specially designed target material. Actinium produced will then be extracted, processed and packaged to be transported to partners and customers. CNL would also manage the resulting waste streams, recycling as much target material as possible to maximize value and minimize costs.
SO ... HOW DOES IT WORK? In targeted alpha therapies, the radioisotope is attached to a targeting molecule, like an antibody, which then binds to a specific antigen on the cancer cell. When the isotope decays, it emits high-energy alpha particles that kill the cancer by causing irreparable damage to the DNA of the diseased cell. The healthy cells nearby are largely unharmed by this process.
CONTINUED ... TARGETING MOLECULE BINDS TO ANTIGEN ON CANCER CELL
Towards the construction of the accelerator facility, a Letter of Agreement has been recently signed with our key vendors / partners for the planning and design. Geotechnical testing to facilitate the site selection process for the new facility is just wrapping up. Early thinking on this would see the facility located downhill and behind Building 350. CNL’s team has completed the first set of experiments for the cyclotron targetry and beam physics of our technology. The experiments were successful and allows to progress towards the next round with higher confidence. We have two more experiments planned for early this year; these will be done at UC Davis in the US and at the Fedoruk Centre in Saskatoon. Through this testing process, we plan to validate our engineering, physics and chemistry of our technology platform.
Why Ra-226? It is Ac-225’s nuclear ‘neighbour’ – across the street, two houses down. With the cyclotron beam we add a proton and simultaneously remove two neutrons (p, 2n) from the radium nuclei in the target material. This transmutation is what produces Ac-225. There are limited options when it comes to Ac-225 production with an accelerator. The reaction with radium has high Ac-225 production rates, and is known to produce high purity Ac-225 product compared to other pathways. Production of Ac-225 with this technology is highly dependent on conditions of the target (size) and its bombardment parameters (time, intensity). This also means it is highly scalable so we can adjust to future demand. Through our work and investment, so much of all this is rapidly becoming CNL’s competitive advantage, as we gear up to become a leading entity competing in this space.
THE PRODUCT The end product once all the processing is completed is what we call an Actinium salt. The actual amounts are tiny, miniscule really, and cannot be seen with the naked eye. The contents are measured and verified by radioactivity, not of the actinium but rather Francium, another isotope in the decay series which is along for the ride. On receipt, the receiver would then add liquid to create a salt solution which contains the Actinium. The raw Actinium-225 product would then be conjugated with disease-targeting molecules to create the actual radiopharmaceutical drug.
Meanwhile, we continue to produce and sell Ac-225 from our thorium generator, and there is increasing interest from customers for our current limited capacity and allows us to form early but strong commercial relationships. The Project Team is reviewing options to nominally increase our output.
CLOSING THOUGHTS In the 1950s, Canada, enabled by the team in Chalk River, was at the forefront in the development and production of nuclear medicines. Our first shipment of Cerium-144 was in 1947. Production of Iodine-131, Carbon-14, Phosphorous-32 and Sulfur-35 followed quickly afterwards. Our production of Cobalt-60 (1949) and Molybdenum-99 (1970) revolutionized the way the world diagnoses and treats cancer and other ailments. Isotope production was a mission that we became known for the world over. A mission we were all proud of, and one which we will be proud of again. RENDERING OF R&D RIG WITH ACTINIUM-225 TARGET
Here in our Biological Research Facility, we undertake research to explore opportunities to create new nuclear medicines through combining the alpha-emitting Actinium with other biological vectors to target different cancer types (each type of cancer has a unique “signature”).
WHAT COMES NEXT As in many cases in the business world, money is at the heart of the matter. For the past year, CNL has been working to identify strong partners, potential co-investors and other funding sources to get this project off the ground. While it is still very early days, positive progress is being made. For example, in September of last year, CNL formed a strategic partnership with ITM to build an Ac-225 business together; ITM is one of the world’s upcoming radiopharmaceutical developers and a strong radioisotope supplier. Currently, both teams are working on jointly reviewing an optimized process and design to meet the production needs. In parallel, we are reviewing the best structural framework for the business collaboration.
Over the past seven decades we built the capabilities needed to produce, process and manage the large scale production of nuclear medicines. We have experience mitigating and managing the fragility of the supply chain. We have a capable site with a robust and scalable license framework. We have the facilities to install the new equipment, the project needs, conduct specialized research and development, institute the relevant quality assurance, and efficiently manage the waste stream. With the production of Actinium-225 we have an opportunity to once again position Chalk River Laboratories as a leader in the new generation of nuclear medicines. Thank you all for your continued support as we bring this project to life.
GROUNDBREAKING WORK ON TOP OF NRX First-of-a-kind, self-raising temporary enclosure conceptualized and constructed
The Facilities Decommissioning & Environmental Remediation (FD & ER) project team working in the NRX reactor building recently completed some groundbreaking work on the top of the reactor. Standing at 18 feet tall and 17.4 feet wide, a first of its kind, custom self-raising Temporary Ventilated Enclosure (TVE) was conceptualized, procured from an external vendor and built by the FD team. In true Canadian fashion, the FD team participated in training to build the TVE at the Paisley, Ontario hockey arena in September, and the components were delivered to the CRL campus in October.
Safety features of the TVE include an attached portable High Efficiency Particulate (HEPA) fan/filter unit which draws clean air from the reactor hall through the anteroom and then the main work area before passing through the HEPA filter and returning to the reactor hall. Differential pressure gauges monitor real time pressures in the TVE with respect to the upper header room, the anteroom, and the reactor hall. Clear, plastic windows built into the tent fabric on all sides of the TVE enables additional oversight by supervision and supporting staff while work is performed inside the enclosure.
Due to space limitations, large components of the truss system were assembled on the main floor. The project team worked with Decommissioning technicians using the main overhead crane to lift components as required to the top of the reactor. After the main tent was laid out and centred over the reactor deck plate, the large roof truss system was lifted into position over the tent. The tent was connected to the roof truss system, and four corner posts were lifted into vertical position using the main crane. Using chain falls in each corner, the roof truss system was lifted slowly and with it, the main tent also raised into position. Last but not least, the anteroom frame was lifted from the main floor, connected to the main tent framework, and the anteroom tent was installed. The anteroom is used as the undressing area to remove Personal Protective Equipment and Clothing (PPE&C), providing containment should there be an expected release of radiological contamination during field work in the main tent enclosure.
The current TVE encapsulates the top of the reactor and will be used to safely conduct future decommissioning work, including reactor core characterization activities and the eventual dismantling of the reactor. Taking this into consideration, the TVE was designed with future expansion capabilities. The project team plans to design and build two additional TVE’s that will eventually interconnect. The next TVE will be built over the reactor storage blocks to enable investigative scoping work and characterization. The third TVE will join the storage block and the top of the reactor TVE’s together and extend down to the main floor of the reactor hall allowing segmented components to be removed from the reactor.
Due to the expansive work area and the complexity of the job, there were numerous hazards and risks to overcome. A large team comprising of work planners, engineers, Radiation Protection staff, and Occupational Safety and Health staff worked together to prepare detailed work plans and a hoisting and rigging lift plan. Some of the safety measures included continuous supervision of all field work, a critical lift evaluation, and barriers and signage were put in place restricting access to the reactor hall during all overhead lifts.
The first project to be completed within the TVE was Science and Technology’s (S&T’s) commercially contracted National Nuclear Security Administration’s (NNSA) Plutonium Verification Team (PVT) project, which resulted in several scrape samples being taken from NRX’s reactor core safely and successfully in November. On a global scale, this TVE is not only custom made, but it is a “first of a kind” designed and manufactured TVE that utilizes self-raising technology that has ever been erected on top of a nuclear reactor. This places CNL in the spotlight of the world’s nuclear industry, and showcases the ground-breaking work that was completed right here in Ontario. Thank you and great work to all of the staff involved in the project.
BUILDING 413 SAFELY DEMOLISHED FD & ER continue to open up the skyline of the Supervised Area at the Chalk River campus CNL’s Facilities Decommissioning and Environmental Remediation (FD & ER) team has completed yet another demolition, further opening up the skyline of the Supervised Area at CRL. After six months of preparatory activities, the demolition of Buildings 413 (B413), 413B and 413C began on November 01, 2021 and the above grade structural demolition was completed on November 09, 2021. Constructed in the 1940s, B413 formerly housed a tool crib and Carpenter and Paint Shops, and was also used for storage. Building 413B was a woodframe structure attached to B413 that contained a hopper that was used for collecting sawdust generated from the Carpenter Shop. Building 413C was a wood-frame shed that was attached to B413 but not connected to any building services or occupied but used for storage on an as needed basis. The trade services that were located in the building were relocated to Building 750 by the Site Transition team earlier this year. The decommissioning project team isolated the steam, condensate and air lines to the building in early June. The asbestos insulation from around the pipes in the building and asbestos floor tiles were removed in September. The isolation of the fire water, service water, sanitary sewer, electrical and fire detection systems was completed in early October, with B413 achieving a ‘Cold and Dark’ status shortly after with no power supply connected to the building. In October, soil compaction analysis around the perimeter of B413 was completed to verify that the soil around the remaining below grade systems would not be affected during the demolition of the building. The transite asbestos wall board (cement based) from
MEMBERS OF CNL’S FD & ER TEAM WHO WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SAFE DECOMMISIONING OF BUILDING 413
the former Paint Shop was removed in mid-October, and the team removed any remnant waste and performed a final walk down of the building in late October. The demolition began shortly after, with the team using heavy equipment combined with field staff manually spraying water onto the building to supress dust and debris. With B413 and the smaller supporting buildings (B413B and B413C) now demolished, an additional 9,900 square feet of footprint has been removed from the Chalk River site. The team is in the process of size reducing materials, sorting and segregating waste and clearing debris from the site.
NEW FACES: 2021 NOVEMBER / DECEMBER Abraham, Kathrin Adkins, Samantha Ajayi, Abiodun Al Haddad, George Bernardo, Johanna Danyliw, Stephen Dodge, Tanner Guo, Mengnan Kelly, Ava Stuive, Monique Wasmund, Nathan Gavilanez, Jessica Reed, Lindsey Aminlou, Ali Hachey, Evan Lamb, Timothy Sattar, Abdul Banjoko, Adeola Bellamy, Marsha Katsaras, Alexander Loughborough, Hugh Stirbys, Patricia Wirawan, Nicole Navaid, Bushra
RESEARCH SCIENTIST SENIOR ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT PROJECT CONTROL COORDINATOR DIRECTOR, PROGRAM INTEGRATION TECHNICAL OFFICER CONTRACT SUPERVISOR ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIST R&D SCIENTIST STUDENT HEALTH PHYSICIST PLANNER PUBLIC PROGRAMS COORDINATOR PUBLIC PROGRAMS LEAD MANAGER, PROCUREMENT LIBRARY ASSISTANT MANAGER, MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT CONTROL COORDINATOR HEALTH & SAFETY FIELD TECHNICIAN FIELD SERVICES ASSISTANT S&T OPERATIONS SPECIALIST DIRECTOR, SUPPLY CHAIN DIRECTOR, INDIGENOUS RELATIONS TECHNICAL OFFICER OPERATIONS SPECIALIST
Vaidya, Nisha Gallagher, Tara MacLean, Sari Malik, Haroon Pearsoll, Brittany Baker, Alyssa Bindner, Kimberly Brennan, Richard Gill, Isaac Masseau, Adam Mitchell, Stephen Jafri, Sarah Prasma, Daniel Siraj, Rakhshinda Dearborn, Daniel Arce, Claudia Hadj-Moussa, Nabil Hilton, Tamara Kavenagh, Mitchell Pipher, David Zhou, Feng Khalid, Asad
Voyageur is a publication of the Corporate Communications department of Canadian Nuclear Laboratories. Comments and content are welcomed at philip.kompass@cnl.ca. Additional contributors to this issue include Antonette Chau, Jennifer Frye, David Gilson, Joe McBrearty, and Randy Perron.
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