Unit 6 matter and materiales

UNIT 6 MATTER AND MATERIALS CONTENIDOS  

La materia. Sustancias puras y mezclas. Estados de la materia.

Cambios de estado Evolución de los materiales, naturales y sintéticos. Materiales de desecho, residuos, Reducir, reutilizar y reciclar.

ESTÁNDARES DE EVALUACION  

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Identifica y diferencia sustancias puras y mezclas.

Planifica y realiza experiencias sencillas para estudiar las propiedades de materiales de uso común y su comportamiento ante cambios energéticos, haciendo predicciones explicativas sobre los resultados.

Conoce algunas diferencias entre los materiales naturales y artificiales y las aplica para clasificarlos.

Identifica diferencias en las propiedades elementales de los materiales, relacionando algunas de ellas con sus usos.

Identifica los principales usos y aplicaciones, en distintas actividades de la sociedad actual, de materiales elaborados al aplicar las nuevas investigaciones científicas al desarrollo tecnológico: papel , pinturas…

Valora el control sobre la producción de residuos Reduce, reutiliza y recicla.

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1.- MATTER. Mass Volumen Shape Volumen Molecules far away motion Pure substance Mixture Properties Steel Leather Rubber

take up affect to further apart definite keep measure instead of traits expose reversed useful bend stretch fragile

manufacture process run out waste reuse reduce recycle throw out

1.- MATTER. Look at the picture. Can you describe any of the materials you can see? What are they made of?

Matter

is all around us. Everything on Earth, and in the Solar System is made of matter. We’re made of matter too. Matter is everything that we can touch, smell, taste and see. Matter has mass and volumen.

Mass is how much matter an object has. We can measure mass in grams and kilograms.

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Volume is the amount of space that matter takes up. We can measure volumen in litres.

1.1. STATES OF MATTER

Solid

: the state of matter with a definite shape and volumen. The molecules of a solid are very close.

Liquid: they do not have a

Gases they do not have a

definite shape. So, they take the shape of the container but have a definite volumen. The molecules are further apart than in solids.

definite shape nor a definite volumen. If you keep gases in a container and open it, the gases expand as the molecules are very far away from each other.

1.2. CHANGES IN MATTER PHYSICAL CHANGES: are changes that affect to the traits of an object that we can see such as size, color, quantity or state. Physical changes can

be

caused

by

motion,

pressure

or

temperature. It doesn't affect to the chemical composition of the substance. For instance if we cut a piece of paper into little pieces they change the quantity and the shape but they are still paper.

CHEMICAL CHANGES: are changes that affect to the molecules of the matter and a new substance is produced. So, chemical changes can not be reversed. Chemical changes can happen when we burn a substance or expose a substance to air. For instance if we cut an apple and wait for 30 minutes what happens????

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2.- PURE SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES. In nature, matter can be a pure substance or a mixture.

Pure substances are formed from just one type of matter, such as salt, water and oxygen .

Mixtures Mixtures are formed from various components or various types of matter. For example, salt water is a mixture of water and salt. Air and honey are also mixtures. Sometimes you can see the different components in a mixture and sometimes you can´t.

So we classify the

mixtures into: 

Heteregoneous mixtures: it’s easy to see the components.



Homogeneous mixtures: it is not possible to see the components. For instance solutions.

3.-MATERIALS. Materials are substances we use for building, making tools, making clothes, etc. All materials have different properties which make them useful for a specific purpose.   

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Steel is strong and resistant: it does not easily change its shape. It is used to make bridges.

Leather is flexible: you can bend it and it does not break.

It is used to make clothes, shoes….

Rubber is elastic: you can stretch it and change its shape, but it goes back to the original shape. It is used to make toys, balls, jewels, bags, shoes….

Glass is transparent: light can pass throug it and you can see through, It is used to make windows, glasses, Plastic is waterproof: water can’t pass through it. It is used to make raincoats, pipes etc.

Pottery is fragile. It breaks easily. It is used to make cups, plates, pots….

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QUESTION:

Why is paper good for making origame shapes?

Make a list of its properties.

3.1 NATURAL AND MANUFACTURED MATERIALS

Naturals materials come from nature. They come from plants, animals or minerals. Wood, cotton and natural rubber come from plants.

Wool, leather and silk come from animals and rocks and oil come from minerals.

Manufacture materials are made from natural materials which are transformed in a manufacturing process. We manufacture glass from sand.

4.– THE THREE Rs

The three Rs are Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. These are the ways that we can be responsable consumers of the natural materials. Natural materials can run out if we don’t consume them responsibly.

Reduce the amount of materials we use and reduce the waste we produce. Buy products you really need with Little or nor packaging.

Reuse means using something again instead of throwing it out. We can use plastic shopping bags again, or use shoes box to keep our crayons.

Old glasses can be reuse by people who need them.

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Recycle means to make new products from something we have used. We turn them into another material or product. For instance we recycle th e p la s t i c , batteries or aluminium to make new products.

PROYECT 1: INVESTIGATE HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES. DRAW YOUR CONCLUSIONS. You need: six glasses, water, six different solids (coffee, salt, White sugar, chocolate powder , bread, small balls of plasticine).

Add each solid to a different glass with water and observe: SOLID

HOMOGENEOUS

HETEROGENEOUS

COFFEE WHITE SUGAR SALT CHOCOLATE BREAD PLASTICINE

What solids form and homogeneous mixture of water?

When a solid dissolves, what type of mixture is formed? Homogeneous or heterogeneous?

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ACTIVITY 2: Why are pans usually made of metal with a handle made of Wood or plastic?

LITTLE PROYECT 2: Investigate at home. Go into the kitchen and look how your mother or you father cooks. Write five chemical changes and five physical changes.

ACTIVITY 3: Look at the pictures and identify the materials. Cut and stick in your notebook and identify the properties of them.

ACTIVITY 4: Write mass or volumen.

A.………………………………...is the amount of matter in an object.

B…………………………………is the amount of space an object occupies.

C………………………………….is measured in grams and kilograms D………………………………….is measured in litres and mililitres.

ACTIVITY 5. Anwer the following questions.

A. B. C. D.

What is a mixture?...................................................................................................

Is water a mixture?.............................................................................................

Is a drink of coffee a mixture? Explain…………………………………

Is sugar a mixture? Explain……………………………..

ACTIVITY 6. Read the sentences and circle the correct words.

A.– When matter undergoes a physical change, the substances that it is made up of stay the same/ change into different substances.

B.– When matter undegoes a chemical change, the substances that it is made up of stay the same/ change into different substances.

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ACTIVITY 7: Where do these materials come from? Classify, then answer the questions. leather linen wood petroleum silk granite coal

rubber

cotton

ANIMAL

wool

PLANT

marble

MINERAL

1.– Which of these materials are used to make clothes?

2.– Which of these materials are used in construction?

3.– What are coal and petroleum used for?

ACTIVITY 8. Unscramble the letters and write the different properties of materials. a. b. c. d. e.

It does not easily change. etnraitss You can bend it and it does not break. Flbeixle You can stretch it and change its shape, but it goes back to its original shape. caletsi Light can go through it and you can see through it. natanrrteps It breaks easily. ifrlegar

ACTIVITY 9. Use the words from Activity 9 to answer the questions.

A. B. C. D.

Why is Why is Why is Why is

steel used to make bridges? leather used to make shoes? glass used to make Windows? aluminium used to make parts for bicycles?

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