Tender
{LEGAL}
Dollar | Euro | Yuan
2
3
Legal Tender
$€¥
Copyright Š 2014 All rights reserved. Published by L&D Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher. For information regarding permission, write to L&D Publishing, attention: Permissions Department. Printed in the U.S.A.
This book is dedicated to my dad for all his love and support. And because he looks like Abraham Lincoln.
Table of Contents } Introduction
[ 09 ]
United States Dollar History Color and Design Symbology Printing and Typography
[ 1 0 ]
Euro History Color and Detail Symbology and Typography Printing
[ 22 ]
Chinese Yuan History Color and Design Symbology Printing and Typography
[ 32 ]
Conclusion
[ 43 ]
World Currencies
[ 44 ]
Conference at a Glance
[ 46 ]
9
Introduction }
This book is an in-depth look at the paper currencies used in the United States, Europe, and China. Each chapter includes a history of the design, a color study of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 bills, symbology, typography, and the printing process. Currency designs are created by engravers and designers to protect against counterfeiting. The measures taken during the design and printing process, such as holograms, micro-printing, magnetic strips, and colors, are all applied to keep counterfeiters from replicating the bills. Typefaces, wording, languages, signatures, and numerals are carefully selected to work with the banknotes and printers for both security and aesthetics. Over the course of the following book and the corresponding conference, the design of money will be looked over in great detail. Each country has set in place a specific set of rules around how and why currency is designed a certain way. There are organizations that are in place to make sure all compliances have been met, including the Bureau of Engraving and Printing in the United States. Throughout history, humans have used some form of currency to exchange for goods. Whether that was bartering with livestock or using the paper currency we know today, it has always been part of
society. The first paper money was printed by China, as you will read about, in 910AD. It was created as a means to an end but started a whole new revolution of money. Gold and coins were being traded for paper money. Countries began to experiment with materials and printing of their own currency and as time went on, each country developed their own banknotes. In more recent years, other forms of currencies have taken over to help globalize the financial world. When the credit card was introduced, it grew rapidly in popularity due to the fact the people no longer needed to carry paper money. Though, with security the way that it is, paper money has not gone fully extinct. In fact, the security on money has increased along with the technology. When printing technology increases, the ability to increase security improves as well. Technolog y has also introduced electronic payments, such as SquareCash, BitCoin, and mobile banking. The need for paper money has definitely decreased in the last few years. However, the need is not, nor will it be anytime soon, completely extinct. Even as technology advances paper money is still in use across the world. And the designs are more intricate than ever.
10
The Euro has introduced a compelling argument toward the globalization of money. Here was a new currency that eighteen countries have adopted as their own. The European Union was in financial crisis and needed to find a way for the poorer countries to build their capitol. The solution was to create the Euro. As time went on, it proved to be a success even though it was met with some harsh criticism. The future of currency design is unpredictable, but it is on trend to continue to increase in security in order to protect against counterfeiting. As at-home printing evolves, so do security threats. It is important for printers and engravers to be able to stay on top of advancements in order to stay ahead of the counterfeiters. Exchange rates change so often, it is nearly impossible to keep up with them. In most cases it is safe to assume a general average while traveling to foreign countries. There are applications, websites, and banks that help with up-to-the-minute exchange rates for those who are in need of such a thing. Using credit cards allows for the bank to do the math for you. But for some, the exchanging of money and looking at currency design can make for the best souvenirs. Any why not? Lots of people spent countless hours designing that money, for your safety
and viewing pleasure. Most international airports have counters for exchanging paper bills, which makes it easy and accessible. Though using other forms of payment may feel easier, often paper money is not only the safest way to travel but also the most cost effective. The conference will address, though not at length, the future of paper money. There is a lot of speculation about what is to come and some experts will be there to help pave the way for that future. There will also be lectures on holograms, production, printing, engraving, fluorescent designs, and creative bill design. Speakers from across the world have come together to teach, learn, and explore paper currency design. It will definitely be worth the time and money to travel to Washington D.C. for this conference in April of 2015. The hope for this book is that you get an understanding and appreciation for paper money. Hopefully, it will get you excited to attend the conference to learn more about the future of design and typography. Though most of the design dates back to historical events, there is a future in cash currency. It is a way for countries to preserve their history. It allows for a reminder of not only where the country has been but also, where it will go in the future.
11
{1}
History }
1861
1996
The first paper currencies in the U.S. were issued, nicknamed “greenbacks”.
In 1862, fine line engravings were incorporated into the design. They also added intricate geometric work, the seal of the Treasury, and engraved signatures at that time to help deter against counterfeiting.
1929 1914
The last bill printed with a background color was in 1905. It had a gold tint and a red seal with a serial number and was a $20 certificate.
1957
“ I n God We Trust” first appeared on the $1 bill in 1957 a nd beca me a standard by 1963.
1914 brought the first ten dollar bills into circulation. They were larger than the current $10 and had Andrew Jackson featured on the front of them.
In 1996, the U.S. saw the first sig n if ica nt desig n cha nge since 1929. The main purpose for the redesign was for protection against counterfeiting. The first bill to roll out the new design was the $100. The follow ing years brought about eh redesign of the $50 (1997), $20 and $10 (1998), and finally the $5 (2000). The Bureau of P r i nt i n g a n d E n g r av i n g also stated that bills will be released every 7–10 years.
In 1929, all currency was reduced by 30% and was standardized to save on cost. It made it easier for the public to spot the difference between real and fake bills.
1990
Micro-printing and further security measures were taken to decrease counterfeiting. The introduction of advanced copier and printers was used on $100 bills starting in 1990. By 1993, it was on every bill except $1 and $2.
14
2003 The government issued a redesign of the $20 bill in 2003. It was the first bill to have background colors since 1905. From this bill on, currency would have different colors depending on denomination. The new colors for this bill are green, peach, and blue. There is also an image of the American Eagle on this note. The $50, $10, and $5 were all redesign in the following years.
2007
For the first time in history, the redesign of the $5 was unveiled through a digital platform. Then in 2008, the bill was redesigned to incorporate more of the previous security features. These were first released in the early 1990s and are important for ease of check ing the money for counterfeiting.
2010 The new $100 was released in 2010, on April 21. Though it kept with the same look and feel of previous currency, it has advanced technology in order to thwart counterfeiting attempts.
15
2013
In the Fall of 2013, a new $100 bill was released to the public. This bill is multi-colored and has a hologram strip to protect against counterfeiting. It is harder to replicate and easy to identify. There is a 3-D blue strip down the side and a color-changing bell. Previous versions and the new versions will be accepted.
Color Study }
The new colors to the five dollar bill were designed in 2007 and began circulating in 2008. The addition of the purple, not only on the front but also as the identifying “5” on the back was the most noticeable change. There are also small darker yellow “05”s printed to the left of Abraham Lincoln on the front and to the right of the Lincoln Memorial on the back. The darker yellow matches the color on the bottom far right in the swatches. The latest five dollar bill is safer because it is harder to fake and easier to check the validity of it. It is smarter because it stays ahead of the curve with counterfeiters. And it protects the integrity of currency by making it more secure. The redesigned $10, $20, and $50 bills do not match the same design of the fives, with the large purple five or the small yellow stars and numbers.
Background
[ 7604 C ]
16
“Black”
[ 440 C ]
Dark Green
Light Pink
[ 7483 C ]
[ 706 C ]
Gold “5”
Purple “5”
[ 459 C ]
[ 258 CP ]
Peach
Warm Gray
[ 156 C ]
[ 2 C ]
Beige
Olive Green
[ 475 C ]
[ 7749 C ]
The new $20 introduced a peach color and subtle blue to the background. The bill kept the traditional green while still adding these colors. It also has “Twenty USA” and “20” printed in the background.
These new notes are designed using different colors not only to protect against counterfeiting but also to help easily identify the different denominations. The $10 has added oranges and yellows along with the words, “We the People” to the background. As with the previous bills, the newly designed $50 has added on ombre of red and blue to the traditional green bills. It has small yellow 50s printed in the background.
A general stereotype to the United States dollar is that the money is green. Historically, that is a true statement. The main color of the bills is in fact, green. However, there are new variations in color including gradients and tones in order to protect against fraud. While the one dollar bill is still mainly green, all other denominations have taken on more of a variety of colors and have become worth a closer look.
17
[ 04 ] Panama [ 01 ] United States
{ Uses the U.S. Dollar } [ 01 ] United States [ 02 ] El Salvador
[ 02 ] El Salvador
[ 03 ] Ecuador [ 04 ] Panama [ 05 ] Iraq [ 06 ] East Timor [ 07 ] Palau
[ 03 ] Ecuador
[ 07 ] Palau
[ 05 ] Iraq
[ 06 ] East Timor
Symbology }
The word “dollar” comes from the German word “taler,” which was given to the coins that were made in 1519. There were two million of these coins produced. The eagle was chosen as a symbol of wisdom and foresight and used in the Great Seal on the dollar bill. The eagle also symbolizes the five-pointed star alluding to the star out of Jacob. The eagle is the symbol of America and of Victory now. The thirteen arrows in the claw demonstrate unity and war at the same time. The olive branch in the other claw is a representation of peace. The thirteen leaves represent the thirteen original colonies. The shield is not attached to the eagle representing strength and separation from England. The pyramid on the opposite side of the eagle has 13 tiers. Another representation of the thirteen original colonies. A pyramid is a symbol of strength and longevity. The country was just starting and was hopeful for prosperity. The words above the pyramid, “ANNUIT COEPTUS” means “He has Favored our Undertakings”. Below the pyramid are the words, “NOVUS ORDO SECLORUM”, which means “New Order for the Ages”. There are Roman numerals on the pyramid, MDCCLXXVI (1776), the year of Independence. The eye and face are lighted as acknowledgment for needing God’s help in building the nation. It is often mistaken for Horus, however Pagan symbols were considered evil. It originally comes from Proverbs 15:3, “The eyes of the LORD are in every place. Beholding the evil and good.”
20
13
Fruits Arrows Original Colonies Signers of the Declaration of Independence Stripes on the Flag Steps on the Pyramid Letters in “ANNUIT COEPTUS” Stars above the eagle Bars on the shield Leaves on the Olive Branch
“ Paper money has had the effect in your state that it will ever have; to ruin commerce, oppress the honest, and open the door to every species of fraud and injustice.” —George Washington
“ Paper money has had the effect in your state that it will ever have; to
Typography }
A A
A A
[ Serif ] The large bracketed serif allows for ease of design while using engraving tools.
5
[ Counter ] Smaller counters on the bold letters and la rger one s on t he thinner letters.
[ Stroke ] Highly contrasted stroke lines. Thick strokes on the rig ht of the let ters and thin on the left give them a bolder look.
[ Axis ] The axis point is higher on this type. Making the cross bar lower.
[ Width ] The numbers have a varied width. Meaning in a column, they wont line up.
1234567890 $ []{}+-=&%# a bcde fgh ij k l m nopq r s t u v w x yz A B C D E F G H I J K L M NOP Q R S T U V W X Y Z
22
Printing }
The five is the most used bill in the United States.
5
Here are the average lifespans according to the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing:
◆ $1 bill – 22 months
◆ $5 bill – 16 months
◆ $10 bill –18 months
◆ $20 bill – 24 months
◆ $50 bill – 55 months
◆ $100 bill – 89 months
Paper money, is far from paper. It actually consists of a 75% cotton and 25% linen with silk fibers running through it. If it were made of paper, it would fall apart if you accidentally left it in your pants pocket during a run through the washing machine.
The BEP says it would take 4,000 double folds (first forward, and then backwards) before a banknote will tear.
23
The Counterfeit Detection Act of 1992 has created regulations on the color illustrations created for United States currency. There are three major regulations set in place by this Act; they are listed below direct from the Code. ◆ The illustration is of a size less than three-fourths or more than one and one-half, in linear dimension, of each part of the item illustrated. ◆ The illustration is one-sided. ◆ All negatives, plates, positives, digitized storage medium, graphic files, magnetic medium, optical storage devices, and any other thing used in the making of the illustration that contain an image of the illustration or any part thereof are destroyed and/or deleted or erased after their final use.
The reason U.S. money is green dates back to the first run of printed currency in the United States. Congress was feeling pressure to finance the Civil War in 1861 and authorized the Treasury to issue non-interest occurring notes. These notes were printed in green and took on the nickname “greenbacks”. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing contained the use of green ink for a number of reasons. One was that it was available in large quantities for a low price. The second reason is that it is resilient. And the final reason is that people began to associate the color with strength and stability in the government. Though, they cannot say for certain why it was the first color used during the Civil War; it has held the tradition for hundreds of years.
euro
{2}
History }
In 1992, the Mastricht Treaty (Treaty on European Union) kicked off the Euro.
2001 Greece
2007 Slovenia
2008
2009 Slovakia
2011 Estonia
2014 Latvia
2002
The Following Countries joined in using the Euro:
In 2002, the introduction of Euro banknotes and coins. Since this year, the Euro has been used throughout Europe, with the exception of two countries, the United Kingdom and Denmark.
Cyprus/ Malta
2014
1999
The Euro was introduced on January 1, 1999. It is the currency used in 18 countries that make up the European Union. The first countries to adopt it were Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland.
26
More than 333 citizens currently use the Euro. The current notes are managed by the European Central Bank (ECB). Though there are 18 countries currently using the Euro, they are required to manage their individual economy on their own.
1
The Euro was met with mixed reviews. Many criticized it for diminishing the values of some of the countries. It was said to have come at a time of economic crisis; rather than out of a true desire to create a unifying currency. Initially, the Euro dropped in value to $0.82 but then increased and by 2002 it was at it’s highest value of $1.60. It is now the second largest currency used in the world following the U.S. Dollar. The average exchange rate is around $1.34, where it has stayed for the last few years. The European Central Bank in Frankfurt is currently in charge of administering the Euro.
“ The designs of the paper euros, introduced in 2002, proclaim a Utopian aspiration. Gone are the colorful bills of particular nations, featuring pictures of national heroes of statecraft, culture and the arts, pictures celebrating unique national narratives. With the euro, 16 nations have said goodbye to all that.”
“The designs of the paper euros, introduced in 2002, proclaim a utopian aspiration. Gone are the colorful bills —George Will
Color Study }
The colors of concurrent designs are contrasted to help partially sighted people to recognize the denomination.
The gray five next to a red ten is strikingly different and therefore easily recognizable.
There are seven denominations of the Euro beginning with the five and ending with 500. The colors of concurrent designs are contrasted to help partially sighted people to recognize the denomination. The size of the bills also varies based on value. The higher bills are larger in size and the €5 is the smallest of them.
28
Though there are generic colors (listed below) that title the bills, it is clear that the bills are made up of at least eight colors. Sometimes more than that are used.
◆ Grey [ C ool Gray 9 C ]
◆ Red [ 7425 C ]
◆ Blue [ 2746 C ]
◆ Orange [ 1655 C ]
◆ Green [ 3 59 C ]
◆ Yellow [ 6 03 C ]
◆ Purple [ 522 C ]
Each bill has a watermark, which can be seen when held up to the light. The light will also make the transitions between the light and dark areas of the bills run smoothly. On darker surfaces, the light areas become darker.
29
[ 14 ] Netherlands
[ 06 ] Belgium
[ 13 ]
[ 05 ] Ireland
Luxembourg
[ 12 ] Latvia
[ 03 ] [ 09 ]
France Austria
[ 02 ] Spain
[ 01 ] Portugal [ 17 ] Malta
[ 10 ] Estonia { Uses the Euro} [ 01 ] Portugal [ 02 ] Spain
[ 11 ]
[ 03 ] France
Finland
[ 08 ]
[ 04 ] Italy
Germany
[ 05 ] Ireland [ 06 ] Belgium [ 16 ]
[ 07 ] Greece Slovakia
[ 08 ] Germany [ 09 ] Austria [ 10 ] Estonia
[ 07 ]
[ 11 ] Finland
Greece
[ 12 ] Latvia [ 13 ] Luxembourg [ 14 ] Netherlands
[ 15 ]
[ 15 ] Slovenia
Slovenia
[ 16 ] Slovakia [ 17 ] Malta
[ 04 ]
[ 18 ] Cyprus
Italy [ 18 ] Cyprus
Symbology & Typography }
A 5
There are windows and doorways on the front of each bill. It is a symbol of openness and cooperation. On the back of the bills, there are images of bridges. These are there to symbolize connection between the European Union and the rest of the world. Rather than illustrations they are drawn images. They are not images of actual constructions. There is also a map of Europe on each of the banknotes as well. It excludes the smaller islands, as they were too small for the printer.
Language intitials on the EURO: BCE: French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish ECB: Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Latvian, Lithuanian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish EUG: Bulgarian
[ Serif ] These notes use a sans serif, there are no brackets here.
[ Width ] The numbers have a fixed width. In a column they align.
EZB: German EKP: Estonian, Finnish EKT: Greek EKB: Hungarian BĊE: Maltese
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV W X Y Z ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV W X Y Z a bc defg h ijk lm nop q r s t u v w x y z 123 4 5 678 9 0 $ []{}&%= +
EBC: Polish
32
A A A A
Printing }
The Euro is printed on pure cotton. Legitimate currency should feel firm and crisp, counterfeit Euros often feel limp and waxy. Raised print is used on the front of the Euro. Higher denominations have additional elements that have been raised. Holograms are printed in strips along the side of the €5, €10, and €20. When held one way the denomination is shown and when tilted the symbol of the Euro (€) appears with the value running along the side. These Euro symbols also have small perforations in them. There is also a glossy, gold color stripe on the back of these bills. It shows the value and the Euro symbol.
There are fibers embed in the bills that when held under ultraviolet light the colors invert to create a “glow”. The objects will appear green, red, or blue. The map, signature, architecture, and value all change color.
33
Watermarks are created by using a variance of paper weight. The denominations are printed in segments on both sides of the bills; when held against the light, the full number appears. There is a security thread that is embedded into the paper when printed. It can been seen when the bill is held against the light. Micro-printing is used on the bills as well. There is type that is measured at 0.2mm that appears as a thin line. They can be read with a magnifying glass and repeat the word “Euro”. The printing of these tiny letters is still sharp and clear, unlike on counterfeit notes where it will appear blurry.
{3}
History } The People’s Currency.
1903
1889
910
In 910, the first experimentation with paper money in happened.
The first official Yuan was created as a coin modeled after the Spanish Peso. It was made out of silver. It was around this time the of ficial paper ban k notes were being issued.
More coins were issued into the Yuan circulation. They were made of materials based on denomination. One Yuan was made of brass, copper coins were used for 2, 5, 10 and 20 values. And silver coins for higher cash values. The size of the coins did not change and these designs stayed the same for about 30 years.
1930 In 1930, aluminum and nickel coins were introduced and circulated.
1948 The Yuan is also known as the Remnimbi, and was first issued in 1948.
1949
1999
In 1949, China’s new government streamlined the financial system after the defeat of the Nationalists.
1962
1955
The fifth series of RMBs were released in 1999, which included a picture of Mao Zedong on a l l denominations of bills.
The People’s Ban k of China issued a new series of bills in 1955. This replaced the old bills at a new exchange rate, one new RMB to 10,000 old ones.
2005 Changed to a more flexible exchange rate. It was reevaluated in 2005, and came in at 8.1 RMB to one dollar.
A new series of RMBs were released that used engraving and multi-color printing. The exchange rate with the U.S. Dollar was skewed and prompted underground trade.
2009
1987
The fourth series of bills was issued in 1987. These incorporated a watermark and magnetic and fluorescent ink. It happened because the previous bills were being rapidly traded.
The Remnibi was not redesigned in 2009 but rather went up in value. It’s exchange rate came to 6.8 RMB to one dollar.
Color Study } The bright colors make it easy for people to recognize the different denominations. The purple five, green ten, orange twenty, blue fifty, and red one hundred all stand out when placed next to each other. The variety in colors used on each bill deters from counterfeiting.
38
The numbers on the front and back are located in the same location, not only on the bill but on all denominations as well. Even with the size variation, finding the denomination should be easy. On one side of the bill the number is light on a dark background and vice versa on the back of the banknote. This helps with the overall design and layout but it also allows for easy recognition for the visually impaired.
39
{ Uses the Renminbi } [ 01 ] China [ 02 ] Pakistan [ 03 ] Mongolia [ 04 ] N. Thailand
[ 03 ] Mongolia
[ 0 2 ] Pakistan
[ 04 ] N. Thailand
[ 01 ] China
Symbology }
The landmarks chosen for paper money are associated with Chinese history, economics, politics, and culture. The images date back to the first printed money and have provided a place for these landscapes to be preserved. Many of them have been destroyed by weather and war, but the money protects the legacy. Some of them are of world-famous structures such as the Great Wall of China, the Summer Palace and the Confucian Temple at Qufu, while others are of ancient wall cities, temples, pagodas, pavilions, towers, memorial arches, bridges, etc.
This painting was used on an earlier version. It was painted by a 19-century Englishman, Thomas Allom and published in 1845.
42
Some of the banknotes record scenes of new technology, such as airplanes and trains while other banknotes document famous historical figures and traditional daily life of the Chinese people. The Six Harmonies Pagoda was featured on the 50 Yuan bill. The “six harmonies” refer to the “Six Harmonies of the Sangha” which are six rules stipulated by the Buddha to promote unity among his followers. These include corporal harmony (same work), verbal harmony (same silence), mental harmony (same tolerance), ethical harmony (same practice), ideological harmony (same understanding), and material harmony (same benefits).
Printing & Typography } The image of Mao Zedong should not be blurred and you should be able to feel the embossed surface of his coat shoulder. The metal strip should be of the correct width and in the correct position, well-embedded in the note. Lines printed in the right of the 20 Renminbi/ Yuan note, made by intaglio printing feel raised. Intaglio printing is special printing, which makes the ink feel raised in some areas of the note. Symbols for visually handicapped are applied by intaglio printing on the back side in the lower right corner of the 50 China Renminbi/Yuan note. When the banknote is viewed from a certain angle, the number “20” appears at the top right of the note. The number showing the denomination of the note on the front bottom left should be white and sharp when you hold it up to the light.
The round symbol with a square in the middle next to it, front bottom left, lines up with the same image on the back of the note when held up to the light. The two-colored serial number has four red and six black characters. The size of the characters becomes gradually smaller from the middle to the left and right sides. White denomination watermark appears when you hold the banknote against the light. The see-through register works when held up to the light, the front and back elements combine perfectly. If you hold the note to light and look for the watermark, you will see that it looks similar to the lotus flower. The watermark is part of the paper itself and can be seen from both sides of the note. On the back of the note you can see a holographic magnetic windowed security thread. The value can be seen in tiny letters on the stripe.
[ Strokes ] These strokes are made f rom t rad itional brushes.
[ Spacing ] Not all letters have connecting strokes.
[ X-Height ] The x-height varies per letter on these Chinese letters.
Though the emperor be rich, he cannot buy one extra year.
Conclusion }
This book has studied the history, symbology, colors, typography, and printing of paper currencies. The reason the three countries selected were chosen was because the conference associated with this book will be held in Washington D.C., in April 2015. It will inclde a tour of the United States Mint, for a close look at the printing process. Because the United States has been so influencial in global finance, it is important to know the meaning behind the bills and why they look the way they do.
After this closer look, I hope you have a deeper understanding and appreciation for currency design. It is an in-depth process, which involves special printing, engraving, holograms, magnetic strips, colors, typography, and landmarks. Currency is not only used for transactions but also for preservation of a country’s history. The symbology on each of the bills, not only on the United States Dollar but on the other bills as well, is a clear identifier of the nation’s love for what the country has been through and hopes for the future.
The second study was on the Euro. This bill is intriguing because it is the first bill that was used universally across so many countries. The future of currency could be that of a globalization and knowing how the Euro was able to make it work is vital for the future. The symbology behind the bills is also interesting, how they used bridges nut nothing so specific or identifying. Just bridges as a symbol. The Euro was met with some skepticism, like any change, but has become one of the most valuable currencies.
There are a lot of ways that currency is changing. The changes in credit cards and mobile technology effect paper money. While this still needs to be designed, the history and intricacy of banknotes may be lost in the future. The security features in place in technology and on paper money will have to find common ground to protect people’s assets. As advancements happen, the focus may shift from counterfeiters to hackers and what designers can do to prevent theft.
The final bill that was studied, was the Chinese Yuan or Renminbi. This was the first printed currency and therefore, remarkable. It has had its ups and downs throughout history but it some of the most beautifully designed paper money. As China becomes more powerful, it is suspected that their currency will as well.
So next time you go to pay with cash, I hope that you have had a chance to take a closer look at the bills. It is the goal of this book that you remember what you have learned and appreciate all the time and effort that went into that small piece of paper paying for your lunch.
44
Afghanistan
Afghani
Brunei
Albania
Lek
Algeria
Brunei dollar
Dominica
Bulgaria
Lev
Dominican Republic Dominican Peso
Honduras
Lempira
Dinar
Burkina Faso
CFA Franc
East Timor
U.S. dollar
Hungary
Forint
Andorra
Euro
Burundi
Burundi franc
Ecuador
U.S. dollar
Iceland
Icelandic króna
Angola
New Kwanza
Cambodia
Riel
Egypt
Egyptian pound
India
Rupee
Antigua & Barbuda East Caribbean dollar
Cameroon
CFA Franc
El Salvador
Colón; U.S. dollar
Indonesia
Rupiah
Argentina
Peso
Canada
Canadian dollar
Equatorial Guinea
CFA Franc
Iran
Rial
Armenia
Dram
Cape Verde
Cape Verdean escudo
Eritrea
Nakfa
Iraq
U.S. dollar
Australia
Australian dollar
C. African Republic CFA Franc
Estonia
Kroon
Ireland
Euro
Austria
Euro
Chad
CFA Franc
Ethiopia
Birr
Israel
Shekel
Azerbaijan
Manat
Chile
Chilean Peso
Fiji
Fiji dollar
Italy
Euro
Bahamas
Bahamian dollar
China
Yuan/Renminbi
Finland
Euro
Jamaica
Jamaican dollar
Bahrain
Bahrain dinar
Colombia
Colombian Peso
France
Euro
Japan
Yen
Bangladesh
Taka
Comoros
Franc
Gabon
CFA Franc
Jordan
Jordanian dinar
Barbados
Barbados dollar
Congo
Congolese franc
Gambia
Dalasi
Kazakhstan Tenge
Belarus
Belorussian ruble
Congo, Republic of
CFA Franc
Georgia
Lari
Kenya
Kenya shilling
Belgium
Euro
Costa Rica
Colón
Germany
Euro
Kiribati
Australian dollar
Belize
Belize dollar
Côte d’Ivoire
CFA Franc
Ghana
Cedi
Korea, North
Won
Benin
CFA Franc
Croatia
Kuna
Greece
Euro
Korea, South
Won
Bhutan
Ngultrum
Cuba
Cuban Peso
Grenada
East Caribbean dollar
Kuwait
Kuwaiti dinar
Bolivia
Boliviano
Cyprus
Cyprus pound
Guatemala
Quetzal
Kyrgyzstan
Som
Guinean franc
Laos
New Kip
Lats
Haiti
Bosnia & HerzegovinaMarka
Czech Republic
Koruna
Guinea
Botswana
Pula
Denmark
Krone
Guinea-Bissau
CFA Franc
Latvia
Brazil
Real
Djibouti
Djibouti franc
Guyana
Guyanese dollar
Lebanon
46
East Caribbean dollar
Gourde
Lebanese pound
Lesotho
Maluti
Nepal
Liberia
Liberian dollar
Libya
Nepalese rupee
San Marino
Togo
CFA Franc
Netherlands
Euro
São Tomé & Príncipe Dobra
Tonga
Pa’anga
Libyan dinar
New Zealand
New Zealand dollar
Saudi Arabia
Riyal
Trinidad & Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago dollar
Liechtenstein
Swiss franc
Nicaragua
Gold cordoba
Senegal
CFA Franc
Tunisia
Tunisian dinar
Lithuania
Litas
Niger
CFA Franc
Serbia
Yugoslav new dinar
Turkey
Turkish lira (YTL)
Luxembourg Euro
Nigeria
Naira
Seychelles
Seychelles rupee
Turkmenistan Manat
Macedonia
Denar
Norway
Norwegian krone
Sierra Leone
Leone
Tuvalu
Australian dollar
Madagascar
Malagasy franc
Oman
Omani rial
Singapore
Singapore dollar
Uganda
Ugandan new shilling
Malawi
Kwacha
Pakistan
Pakistan rupee
Slovakia
Koruna
Ukraine
Malaysia
Ringgit
Palau
U.S. dollar
Slovenia
Euro
United Arab EmiratesU.A.E. dirham
Maldives
Rufiya
Panama
balboa; U.S. dollar
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands dollar
United Kingdom
Pound sterling (£)
Mali
CFA Franc
Papua New Guinea Kina
Somalia
Somali shilling
United States
U.S. Dollar
Malta
Euro
Paraguay
Guaraní
South Africa
Rand
Uruguay
Uruguay peso
Mauritania
Ouguiya
Peru
Nuevo sol (1991)
Spain
Euro
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistani sum
Mauritius
Mauritian rupee
Philippines
Peso
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka rupee
Vanuatu
Vatu
Mexico
Mexican peso
Poland
Zloty
Sudan
Dinar
Vatican City
Euro
Moldova
Leu
Portugal
Euro
Suriname
Surinamese dollar
Venezuela
Bolivar
Monaco
Euro
Qatar
Qatari riyal
Swaziland
Lilangeni
Vietnam
Dong
Tugrik
Romania
Leu
Sweden
Krona
Western Sahara
Tala
Montenegro Euro
Russia
Ruble
Switzerland
Swiss franc
Yemen
Rial
Morocco
Rwanda
Rwanda franc
Syria
Syrian pound
Zambia
Kwacha
Taiwan dollar
Zimbabwe
Mongolia
Dirham
Euro
Mozambique Metical
St. Kitts & Nevis
East Caribbean dollar
Taiwan
Myanmar
Kyat
St. Lucia
East Caribbean dollar
Tajikistan
somoni
Namibia
Namibian dollar
St. Vincent
East Caribbean
Tanzania
Tanzanian shilling
Nauru
Australian dollar
Samoa
Tala
Thailand
baht
47
Hryvna
Zimbabwean dollar
Countries & Currencies }
At a Glance } Monday Tuesday
6:30 PM
Welcome Reception
9:00 AM The Artistic Approach to Currency Design Barna Barabas, Deputy Managing Director Jura JSP GmbH Security Printing Alliance (SPA) 10:30 AM
n In Depth Look at the New $100 Bill A Kerre Corbin, Counterfeit Specialist United States Secret Service
12:00 PM
Lunch Break
1:30 PM Creative Bill Designs Dr. Pierre Degott, Technical Director SICPA SA 3:00 PM
ffective Currency Printing E Ramakant Dixit, General Manager (IT) Security Printing & Minting Corporation of India Limited (SPMCIL)
4:30 PM
Reception
48
Wednesday
Thursday
9:00 AM
Tour of the United States Mint
12:00 PM
Lunch
1:30 PM
Small Group Workshops
9:00 AM Tools and Uses for Engraving Larry Felix, Director Bureau of Engraving and Printing 10:30 AM Printing and Production Johannes Schaede, Technical Director KBA NotaSys 12:00 PM
Lunch Break
1:30 PM Creating Effective Holograms Hugues Souparis, Chairman & CEO Hologram.Industries 3:00 PM Fluorescent Security Features Gary Spinks, Director Security Papers UK 4:00 PM A Brief Look at the Future of Cash Gerry Gaetz, President and CEO Canadian Payments Association 5:00 PM
49
Closing Reception
Colophon }
The following materials, typefaces, and equipment were used in the design and production of this book.
T Y P EFACE S
SOF T WA R E
EQUIP MEN T
Chronicle Light, based on the delicate features used in currency design.Designed by Hoefler & Co. in 2002.
Adobe Creative Cloud Illustrator InDesign
Macintosh, Macbook Pro
Swiss 721, Bold Condensed. More modern sans serif to contrast the delicate serif of Chronicle.
PA P ER
Bickham Script, regular. The script that is used on the headings.
Epson Matte Premium Presentation Paper
P R IN T IN G Epson Stylus Pro 3880 D E SI GN A student project designed by Carly Churchill for the Academy of Art University
51
Tender
{LEGAL}
This book is an in-depth look at the currencies used in the United States, Europe, and China. Each chapter includes a history of the design, a color study of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 bills, symbology, typography and the printing process. Currency designs are created by engravers and designers to protect against counterfeiting. The measures taken during the design and printing process, such as holograms, microprinting, magnetic strips, and colors, are all applied to keep counterfeiters from replicating the bills. Typefaces, wording, languages, signatures, and numerals are carefully selected to work with the currency for both security and aesthetics.
[ 01 ] Typography
MINTED Taking a deeper look at currency design. Kerre Corbin Dr. Pierre Degott Larry Felix Ramakant Dixit Gary Spinks Barna Barabas Gerry Gaetz Johannes Schaede Hugues Souparis
www.mintedconf.com Presented by SICPA April 13–16, 2015
[ 02 ] Symbology
Walter Washington Convention Center 801 Mt. Vernon Pl. NW Washington, DC 20001
$49.95 €36.15 ¥311.57
[ 03 ] History