Design 3 Publication

Rio de Janiero, Brazil Fall 2012 Design III Professor: Karen Fairbanks TA: Marcelo Editors: Ava Amirahmadi + Caroline Lukins

TABLE OF CONTENTS i. - v.

INTRODUCTION

1 - 20

EDITOR’S NOTE

21 - 30

RESOURCE RESEARCH

21 - 30

GUEST LECTURES

31 - 60

STUDENT PROJECTS

61 - 86

TRIP TO BRAZIL

87 - 100

BARNARD + COLUMBIA EXHIBIT

101 -110

STUDIO X - RIO EXHIBIT

1

2

INTRODUCTION B+C ARCHITECTURE EXHIBITON

NEW YORK, NY

STUDIO-X RIO EXHIBITION

RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

3

4

RESOURCES RESEARCH HANNAH NOVACK + ZOE NAMEROW

AGRICULTURE

GWYNETH BACON-SHONE + NICK MINGRONE

WASTE

CAROLINE LUTKINS + BENITA TRENK

GEOLOGY

MANUEL CORDERO + KEENAN KORTH

TREES

AVA AMIRAHMADI + SHIVINA HARJANI

WATER

5

AGRICULTURE HANNAH NOVACK + ZOE NAMEROW

6

7

Urban Agricultural Practices in Rio’s Favelas

1.4 million people live in the favelas of

Rio de Janeiro, which is about of the total population Vale Encantado, Alto da Boa Vista $ Community Sustainability Eco Trekking: Conduct tours of Tijuca forest for visitors / employ residents as tour guides

Five Cas $

V

Advocate for enviro recuperation o

Conduct various programs to prom agroforestry /

Organize treks throu tourists, studen

Buffet: Promote traditional, cultural recipes using organic, locally grown produce / Cater events Craft production helps generate income for women and youth of community Residents maintain backyard and community gardens / Limit construction to prevent further environmental damage / Solar panels installed as a pilot project

Green My Favela, Rocinha Land Reuse and Urban Farming Social and environmental urban remediation project / Maps potential green spaces in Rio’s largest Favela

Rocinha Eco-Parqu space / Vertical gar tained by communi

Rocinha+Verde: In coordination with Rocinha Mundo da Arte / Educates children on nutrition and growing edibles

8

s

Tourism

Five Case Studies

Advocate for environmental conservation and recuperation of Serra da Misericórdia, an unprotected forest Conduct various workshops and youth programs to promote permaculture and agroforestry / Job training program

Organize treks through the Serra for tourists, students and residents

ha ng

Rocinha Eco-Parque: Public space / Vertical garden / Mainained by community volunteers

on with ucates wing

Nutrition

Verdejar, Complexo do Alemão $ Conservation & Education

Leisure Space Elementary Education

$

Economy

Favela Orgânica, Babilônia $ Gastronomy Offers cooking classes and workshops to teach food conservation

Total utilization of foods including stems, skins and peels

Host monthly Taster events to promote healthier and more economic eating / Cater events

Sitiê, Vidigal Public Space Prime real estate location of Vigidal poses threat to favela community “The Prefeitura (City Hall) tore down some buildings to clear out this square, left the trees around the edges, and called it an ecological park.” / Site a former neglected trash deposit Community initiative to clean up and complete the eco-park / Rich plant diversity and recycled materials as ornamentation

9

WASTE GWYNETH BACON-SHONE + NICK MINGRONE

10

Rubbish and Recycling in New York City 1997

Department of Sanitation set up

Visy Paper Mill opened on Staten Island Recycles all Paper Materials

NYC sets up first garbage sorting plant

1933

1885

The first garbage incinerator in the U.S. is built on Governors Island

The Mobro, a Long Island garbage barge, is turned away by six states and three countries. The garbage is finally inciner-­ ated in Brooklyn

2007

1880

1918

Recycling Ends Labor and materials shortages due to WWI

75% of NYC waste dumped into Atlantic

1/3 of NYC garbage is burned.

1,700 building incinerators 22 municipal incinerators

1989

Fresh Kills is the last landfill in NYC to close

2011

Local Law 19 Recycling becomes mandatory

2001

food waste: steamed and compressed to produce grease for soap products and fertilizer rubbish: paper and other marketable materials ash: with the nonsalable rubbish was landfilled

Public Space Recycling Pilot begins placing recycling bins on streets

1960s

First recycling established:

1895

1866

NYC's Metropolitan Board of Health forbids the "throwing of dead animals, garbage or ashes” into the streets.

Glass and plastic recycling collection temporarily suspended due to budget cuts

1987

NYC banned from dumping municipal waste in the Atlantic Ocean, commer-­ cial and industrial waste dumping still continues.

Fresh Kills becomes the largest landfill in the world. Viewable from Space

2002-2004

1898

1986

1881

The first recycling center is established in New York City.

1897

1800

Visitors describe NYC as a "nasal disaster, where some streets smell like bad eggs dissolved in ammonia."

Major Bloomberg begins 20yr plan to alter waste disposal routes

11

Broadway

120th Street

119th Street

118th Street

117th Street

116th Street

115th Street

114th Street

113th Street

Broadway

112th Street

111th Street

110th Street

Recyclable Organic Waste

The User 12

2004-5 NYC Waste Characterization Study of Street Basket Waste

47% 16%

37%

The Transport Sims Material Recovery Facility (MRF) plastic, glass, paper

truck transfer station

Sims MRF, plastic, glass, paper

marine transfer station

Sims MRF, plastic, glass, paper

rail transfer station

Sims MRF, plastic, glass, paper

Pratt Industries paper

After recycling gets picked up by Department of Sanitation trucks, it is sent to these location where the profitable recyclables (80%) are removed.

The remaining is transfered to landfills After rubbish trucks pick up street trash, they bring the waste to these stations where they are stored until they are trasnfered to landfills.

Without being sorted.

15% paper and card 4.1% metal

23% 21.4% food scraps 5.2% yard trim-足

2.4% glass 1.5% plastic 0.4% beverage carton

34%

7.2% nonrecyclable paper

21.7% other 13.4% other plastic

23%

7% textiles 0.7% electronic waste

Sunday afternoon 5pm Sunday late night 12:30am Monday morning 8am Broadway at 116th

Broadway at 114th

Broadway at 110th

13

Favela Organica

Recycled Park

Urban Mining

Rio de Janeiro

Vidigal Sitiê

Rocinha, São Paulo

São João & Bandeirantes

Seropédica

Gramacho Pre-2012

Seropédica São João

Gramacho

Rio de Janeiro

Sao Paulo

Storage Earth and trash are layered over each other daily.

Treatment

Rio de Janeiro

Storage Earth and trash are layered over each other daily.

Treatment

Storage Earth and trash are layered over each other daily.

Treatment Porous tubes in a layer of sand beneath the piled waste collect leachate as it seeps downward and pump it to a treatment center where it is cleaned and recycled water is harvested.

Containment

Containment

Landfill is sealed with a plastic lining applied to a layer of compacted clay.

Landfill is sealed with a plastic lining applied to a layer of compacted clay.

Harvesting Wells extract methane from decomposing trash.

This methane is burned to generate electricity. *São João & Bandeirantes: plants now generate over 175,000 MW/h each, or 7% of the electricity consumed by São Paulo. An estimated 11 million tons of CO2 have been prevented from entering the atmosphere*

Results

14

Containment

Harvesting

Harvesting Wells extract methane from decomposing trash.

This methane is burned to generate electricity.

If labor is available and private demand is sufficient, catadores pick through trash to recover and sell recyclable materials.

Results

Results

Landfill

Rio de Janiero

Catadores

Leakage

Park

SeropĂŠdica

Government Workers

Methane Harvesting

15

Water

Energy

Recycl

CONSUMPTION

Favela Organica Rio de Janeiro

Urban Mining Rocinha, São Paulo

Recycled Park Vidigal Sitiê

AGGREGATION

Leakage

Methane Harvesting

Catadores

Government Workers

B

PROCESSING

S

Storage Earth and trash are layered over each other daily.

Treatment

Containment

EXTRACTION Landfill is sealed with a plastic lining applied to a layer of compacted clay.

Harvesting

Wells extract methane from decompos This methane is burned to generate e *São João & Bandeirantes: plants now over 175,000 MW/h each, or 7% of the consumed by São Paulo. An estimated tons of CO2 have been prevented from the atmosphere*

Results

16

Land

via Gramacho

TRANSITION

LOCAL SCALE

Recyclables

Government Workers

Rio de Janiero

Seropédica

São João & Bandeirantes

Landfill

Park

Seropédica

Gramacho Pre-2012

Seropédica São João Gramacho

Rio de Janeiro

Sao Paulo

Rio de Janeiro

Storage

Storage Earth and trash are layered over each other daily.

Storage Earth and trash are layered over each other daily.

Earth and trash are layered over each other daily.

Treatment

Treatment

Treatment Porous tubes in a layer of sand beneath the piled waste collect leachate as it seeps downward and pump it to a treatment center where it is cleaned and recycled water is harvested.

Containment

Containment

Containment

GOVERNMENT SCALE

y

Landfill is sealed with a plastic lining applied to a layer of compacted clay.

Landfill is sealed with a plastic lining applied to a layer of compacted clay.

Harvesting

Harvesting Wells extract methane from decomposing trash.

This methane is burned to generate electricity. *São João & Bandeirantes: plants now generate over 175,000 MW/h each, or 7% of the electricity consumed by São Paulo. An estimated 11 million tons of CO2 have been prevented from entering the atmosphere*

Harvesting Wells extract methane from decomposing trash.

This methane is burned to generate electricity.

If labor is available and private demand is sufficient, catadores pick through trash to recover and sell recyclable materials.

Results

Results

Water

Energy

Results

Recyclables

Land 17

GEOLOGY BENITA TRENK + CAROLINE LUKINS

18

THE CHANGING COASTLINE OF MANHATTAN BETWEEN 1660 AND 2012

excavated areas

landfills

Completed Canal 1979

Bolton Canal 1832 Harlem Ship Canal 1897

RIVERSIDE PARK 1937-1941

Manhattan 1850

Manhattan 1660

Manhattan 1950

Manhattan 2012

BATTERY PARK CITY 1970s

SOUTH STREET SEAPORT 1825 earliest NYC subways 1901

BAKER FIELD, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 1920s

WORLD FINANCIAL CENTER 1970s and 1980s

19

reclaiming rio using natural materials to create artificial sites which play an integral role in the city’s urbanization

Coastline Expansion in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

excavated

Urban and Natu in Rio De Janei

reclaimed 1790 mountainous regions urbanized regions

Current 1790

Current urbanized regions natural landform

2012

1.0 M

2

Aterro do Flamengo

4,000 M 2.4 Million M

2

2

Castelo/Lapa Tunnel Santa Barbara 1960 2

1.3 Million M

Tunnel Reboucas 1960

Lagoa

Alaor Prata 1885

Copacabana Beach Zuzu Angel 1971

Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas Site: 2,400,000 sq meters lagoon Source: Catumbi hill, Praia do Pinto hill Praia Do Pinto Hill

Catumbi Hill

1920 Morro Do Castelo/Lapa Site: Hill Destination: Aeroporto SanDumont Swamplands and Lagoa

Castelo/Lapa Aterro do Flamengo

Lagoa

Lagoa

Alaor Prata 1885

Lapa/Morro do Castelo Copacabana Beach

1890

Aterro do Flamengo

CopaCabana Beach (N/S)b Site: 4,500 sq meters Beach Source: Atlantic Ocean

Lagoa

Alaor Prata 1885 Copacabana Beach

CopaCabana

1860

Atlantic Ocean

Aterro doFlamengo: “Area Reclaimed from the Sea” Site: 1,301,306 sq meters Sand Source: Guanabara Bay Guanabara Bay

Morro do Castello

1820

Flamango

1790

reclaimed land Unaltered Land volume of reclaimed land on site

Mountainous/For

Urbanized Areas volume of land taken from site

20

olympic development program interference Olympic zones favelas UNESCO sites

2030

LEGACY MODE Copacabana

ne Expansion Janeiro, Brazil

Urban and Natural Zones in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil 2018

transition MODE

1790 mountainous regions urbanized regions

Current urbanized regions natural landform

185 acres

2016

olympic park

olympic games

transportation 2012-2016

2012

2012-2016

$19 million

+14km

renovation

Aterro do Flamengo

+6

Castelo/Lapa

ra 1960

80,000

subway stations

60

agoa

people

1982

Alaor Prata 1885

1979-2009

Copacabana Beach

tourism

subway lines 1 & 2

1922-1931

1920

Christ the Redeemer Statue

32

reinforced concrete and soapstone

Castelo/Lapa

agoa

oa

Maracan達

Barra da Tijuca

Aterro do Flamengo

60,000

peices of stone

Alaor Prata 1885

renovated in 1980 1990 2003 2010

Copacabana Beach

trains

550,000

passengers/day

182 cars

line 1: 18km long line 2; 24km long

1890

39.6 meters tall 30 meters wide 5,000 visitors/day

Aterro do Flamengo

Alaor Prata 1885 Copacabana Beach

scale of urban impact

1860

0-2,000 2,000-50,000 50,000+

0-5,000 500-200,000

capacity (volume in square meters)

level of use (#people/day or event)

200,000+

1820

1790

aimed land

me of reclaimed land on site

Unaltered Land Mountainous/Forest Areas Urbanized Areas

me of land taken from site

Movement of urbanizatino up against and onto hillsides

21

TREES KEENAN KORTH + MANUEL CORDERO

22

23

new york city

native

N

1 MI L E New York City parks are comprised of tree species from around the world.

As an infrastructural resource, 5.2 million living trees draw in and store 1.35 million tons of carbon dioxide annually and cover approximately a quarter of New York City land area. In contrast to New York’s highly maintained park system, Rio de Janeiro’s parks, comprised primarily of native species, are less controlled and play a more active role in shaping the urban fabric.

N ORTH AMERIC AN HARD WOODS

NORTH AMERIC AN S OFTWOODS

N E W Y OR K CITY LAN DS C APIN G TR E ES

24

dist

tive

distribution

r i o d e j a n ei r o N

1.6 K M

BR A ZILI A N HAR D WO O DS

BR A ZILI A N MIS C E L L A N E OUS

APIN G TR E ES

25

MAPLE

BEECH

BIR C H

SPRUCE

PIN E

FIR

ACER SACCHARUM

F A GUS SY L V A TI C A

B E T U L A A L L E G H A N I E N SI S

PIC E A

PINUS

ABIES

Y OS HI N O CHERRY

CUCUMBER M A GN O LI A A CUMI N A T A

P R U N U S X Y E D O E N SI S

GRE EN HAWTHR ONE AMERIC AN ELM CRATAEGUS

M A GN O LI A A CUMI N A T A

SWAMP CHESTNUT OAK Q U E R C U S M I C H U A XI I

PIN O A K QUER CUS PALUSTRIS

LI T T L E LEAF LI N D E N

RED OAK QUERCUS RUBA

L I Q UI D

TI L A C OR D A T A

Wood makes up a small niche in the total infrastructure of New York City. However, this infrastructure comes into daily contact with residents. Interestingly, almost all of the woods used in these projects are Brazilian hardwoods imported from South America.

26

BR OOKLYN BRID GE

SM A L L C O NS TRU C TI O N

BENCHES

$4,032

$50,000

$170,820

B O A R D W A L KS

M ARI N E S T A TI O NS

$410,992

$400,000

Rio de Janeir projects in 2014 and the abundance of still being i projects. Lar of wood waste and makeshift

LI T T L E LEAF LI N D E N

RED OAK QUERCUS RUBA

SWEET GUM

CHESTNUT

HI C K ORY

N OR WAY MAP LE

LONDON PLANE

BR A ZILWO O D

RUBBER

C HI C L E

CINCHONA

GARAPA

IPE

CUMARU

GREENHEART

C AS T A N E A

CARYA

A C E R P L A T A N OI D E S

P L A T A NUS X A C ERI F O LI A

C A E S S A L P I N I A B R A SI L

H E V E A B R A SI L I E N SI S

MANILKAR A ZAP OTA

CINC HON A

ACER SACCHARUM

T A B E BULI A SP P

DIPTERYX OD OR ATA

C H L O R O C A R D I U M R O D I EI

L I Q UI D A M B A R S T Y R A C I F L U A

TI L A C OR D A T A

Rio de Janeiro is currently seeing an influx of public works projects in preparations for the World Cup Tournament in 2014 and the Summer Olympic Games in 2016. Despite having an abundance of domestic hardwoods a vast amount of timber is still being imported to suit the needs of highly specialized projects. Large projects such as these produce an abundance of wood waste that can then be used for furniture, heating, and makeshift structures.

27

b r azi l i a n a m e r i c a n

united states lumber imports BR A ZIL ECUADOR PERU M A L A Y SI A I N D O N E SI A B O LI VI A OTHER C OUNTRIES

united states lumber exports CANADA JAPAN M E XI C O C HI N A SP AI N U NI T E D KI N G D O M ITALY OTHER C OUNTRIES

28

l

an

lumber industry

b r azi l i a n l u m b e r e x p o r t s UNITED STATES EUR OPE AN UNION U K G ER M A NY B E L GIUM M E XI C O SP AI N MOROCCO

29

WATER AVA AMIRAHMADI + SHIVINA HARJANI

30

NATURAL WATER

NYC WATER SUPPLY

WATERSHEDS

AQUEDUCTS

CATSKILL / DELAWARE WATERSHEDS

HUDSON RIVER EAST DELAWARE TUNNEL WEST DELAWARE TUNNEL CATSKILL AQUEDUCT

DELAWARE AQUEDUCT

CROTON WATERSHED DELAWARE RIVER

NEW CROTON AQUEDUCT

31

WATER TREATMENT PLANTS

(GALLONS) 2.0 BILLION

1.0 BILLION

100 MILLION

COMINED SEWAGE OVERFLOW POINTS

SEWAGE SYSTEM IN DIANA CENTER

ESTIMATED ANNUAL AVERAGE OVERFLOW

WATER TREATMENT PLANT CAPACITY (MILLION GALLONS / DAY) 301-350 251-300 201-250 151-200 101-150 51-100 0-50

NYC MORPHED DIAGRAM

32

$35,001 - $45,000

$45,001 - $75,000

$75,001 AND UP

WHERE DOES YOUR TOILET FLUSH TO?

$25,001 - $35,000

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME

UP TO $25,000

33

POPULATION

EARLIEST DIRECT LINKS MADE BY CITY PHYSICIANS BETWEEN POOR SANITATION + DISEASE

8m

YELLOW FEVER MANHATTAN WATER CO. GAINS CHARTER

CONTAMINATION OF WELLS BY PRIVIES, CESSPOOLS + DRAINAGE OF DIRTY WATER FROM STREETS

CITY SPENDS TAX REVENUE ON DIGGING OF WELLS

ESTABLISHED NETWORK OF 249 PUBLIC WELLS

LINK BE + DISE

WATER COMMISSION APPOINTED BY NY STATE

ASIAT

PUBLIC RESERVOIR AT BROA

7m

TANK FOR FIRE PROTECTION AT 13TH & BROADWAY

MASONRY + WOOD RAIN-COLLECTING CISTERNS

FIRST PUBLIC WELL AT BOWLING GREEN

SPRINGS + STREAMS + PONDS + PRIVATE 6m

visible

invisible

1700

1750

1800

FIRST HILLTOP PUMP PLANNED

5m FIRST MUNICIPAL WATERWORKS USING HILTOP PUMP BEGINS CONSTRUCTION BUT IS DESTROYED DURING BRITISH OCCUPATION IN 1776

4m

3m

2m

1m

200,000

34

NEW YORK CITY IN TIME

BEGINNING

WATER SEWAGEMEDICAL

END

O

VER

LINK BETWEEN POOR SANITATION + DISEASE WIDELY ACCEPTED

WIDE USE OF FLUSH TOILETS + FIXED WASH BASINS ASIATIC CHOLERA

WATER COMMISSION APPOINTED BY NY STATE

VOIR AT BROADWAY & PEARL ST TANK FOR FIRE PROTECTION AT 13TH & BROADWAY

S

REEN

CREATION OF METROPOLITAN SEWERAGE COMMISSION

WATER FILTRATION TECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE TO THE WEALTHY

RIVATE WELLS 1850

USE OF WATER CHLORINATION

1900

OLD CROTON AQUEDUCT

MULTIPLE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS BUILT THROUGHOUT THE CENTURY TO MEET THE NEEDS OF GROWING POPULATION, TOTALLING 14 PLANTS TO DATE (SEE ORANGE DOTS)

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PASSES CLEAN WATER ACT, MEANING THAT PLANTS HAD TO BE UPGRADED TO TREAT 85% OF POLLUTANTS

2000

1950

FIRST SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS

NEW CROTON SYSTEM

CATSKILL SYSTEM ACTIVATED SLUDGE DELAWARE AQUEDUCT

STEP-AERATION PROCESS

PILOT CSO FACILITY SECONDARY TREATMENT UPGRADES

35

7 GALLONS USED PER DAY

GALLONS USED IN ACTION 0 GALLONS

36

NATURAL WATER

RIO DE JANEIRO

INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGE POINTS

RIO DE JANEIRO WATER SOURCES

WATERSHED

WATER TREATMENT PLANTS

PARAIBA DO SUL RIVER

GUANDU RIVER

RIBEIRAO DAS LAJES RISERVOIR

SAO FRANCISCO CANAL GUANDU WATER TREATMENT PLANT

37

TABLE OF CONTENTS i. - v.

INTRODUCTION

1 - 20

EDITOR’S NOTE

21 - 30

RESOURCE RESEARCH

21 - 30

GUEST LECTURES

31 - 60

STUDENT PROJECTS

61 - 86

TRIP TO BRAZIL

87 - 100

BARNARD + COLUMBIA EXHIBIT

101 -110

STUDIO X - RIO EXHIBIT

1

HANN

40

FINAL PROJECT HANNAH NOVACK , ZOE NAMEROW, KEENAN KORTH + MANUEL CORDERO

AEROPARK

GWYNETH BACON-SHONE + NICK MINGRONE

K(NO)W WASTE

NICK MINGRONE

ART TRASH WORKS

GWYNETH BACON-SHONE

COMPOSTE MACHINE

BENITA TRENK

_SCAPES + RESTORE

CAROLINE LUKIINS + SHIVINA HARJANI

RAINCLOUD

AVA AMIRAHMADI

THE FILTER

41

CULTIVATING LANDSCAPE KEENAN KORTH, ZOE NAMEROW, HANNAH NOVAK, MANUEL CORDERO

Cultivating Landscape aims to provide a nurturing environment for the growth of trees from saplings to mature trees. As the plants mature, the associated programs become more flexible and accommodating to community events. The sites fo the initial stages provide a platform for education and awareness of environmental issues at both local and global scales. For the city of Rio de Janeiro, these programs take advantage of the underutilized spaces scattered around Praca Tiradentes by providing miniature cultural hubs open to public events. These sites are templates for a larger network that can take place throughout the city. This network can expand to encompass other plazas and parks to initiate more cycles throughout the urban landscape.

42

4

3

1 2

43

44

STAGE 1 AEROPARK

Our solution for a temporary structure in Praรงa Tiradentes addresses the environmental issues surrounding deforestation within an urban landscape.

The structure utilizes aeroponic farming techniques in a modular system, which cultivates tree saplings as a part of reforestation efforts and encourages community involvement by allowing visitors to take and re-plant tree saplings. The structure is sustainable, incorporating solar panels and rain collecting modules to generate energy for the aeroponic mechanisms.

Specific manifestations of this system are driven by site-specific parameters such as sun movement,

45

DAY 1 Small clipping from a tree can be cut and used as the starting point for saplings

DAY 2 Tree clippings are taken to Praca Tiradentes and planted in the aeroponic growing system

DAY 2-21

DAY 22

Over the course of 2-3 weeks, the saplings develop a callous and root system

Once sapling roots have fully developed, community members remove the saplings from the aeroponic system

They are watered every hour with a nutrient mist that is pumped througout the system Roots must grow 7-10 inches to reach full maturity

46

DAY 23 After tree saplings are removed, they are planted into the ground in an effor to help eradicate deforestation

47

KIT OF PARTS The assembly of the aeroponic structure can adapt to fit every environment. The kit of parts includes the pieces needed to achieve different heights in order to ac- commodate the proper program and unique, site-specific experiences.

48

49

PROGRAM TAXONOMY

50

51

PLANS

52

53

54

DETAILED ELEVATION 9’

6’

55

56

STAGE 2

After spending two to three weeks in Stage 1, the tree saplings move to Stage 2 in this adjacent site. Here the plants are housed for two to three years.

The plants gradually move through a gradient of pot sizes to accomodate their growing root structure. The perforated surface that houses and feeds the plants also creates an immersive experience for visitors. The exterior ramps allow the visitor to experience the gradient of growth over time. The interior forms a cave-like environment that exposes the roots of the trees and contains two small lecture spaces

57

58

59

60

61

62

STAGE 3

While many plants from Stage 2 are distributed throughout the city those remaining are transferred to the Stage 3 site. Once again, this site utilizes an existing facade near Praca Tiradentes. trees are placed in tracks below grade, while the rootball is exposed. An elevated drip irrigation system further maximies the visibility of the care of the small trees. An overhead lightbox collects solar energy throughout the day and serves to fuel the irrigation system as well as illuminate the space for evening events. A this stage, the role of public space becomes more prominent, as visitors can walk and sit between the rows of the trees within the space.

63

The light box collects rain and provides light for evening events

The rain is pumped into the drip irrigation system to provide water to the trees The walkway leads to a small event space at the corner end of the site Tracks below grade hold the trees in place while slight changes in elevation create seating opportunities 64

65

66

67

68

STAGE 4

The final stage creates a permanent landscape for the trees that have not been adopted elsewhere from earlier stages. The landscpae is extruded and torqued upward creating architectural volumes that house research facilities deicated to forwarding the many new and innovative ways to utilize trees as a resource. This space also houses a small permanent aeroponic garden providing specimens for research as well as an open patio that accommodates up to two hundred people for public events.

From this point new clippings can be taken from the permanently planted trees and recycled back through the systems beginning in Aeropark on Praca Tiradentes.

69

Extension Manager CS5 — informacje o wydaniu

AdobeÂŽ Extension ManagerÂŽ Czytaj to Witamy w programie AdobeÂŽ Creative SuiteÂŽ 5 Extension Manager. Niniejszy dokument zawiera najnowsze informacje o produkcie, aktualizacje oraz porady dotyczÄ…ce rozwiÄ…zywania problemĂłw, ktĂłre nie zostaĂĄy omĂłwione w dokumentacji programu Extension Manager.

Wprowadzenie Instalacja oprogramowania Odinstalowywanie oprogramowania Znane problemy Inne zasoby

Wprowadzenie Program Extension Manager umoÄŞliwia instalowanie rozszerzHÄ” L ZW\F]HN NWyUH VÄ… spakowane jako rozszerzenia, a takÄŞe zarzÄ…dzanie nimi. Aby uruchomiĂź program ([WHQVLRQ 0DQDJHU NOLNQLM GZXNURWQLH SOLN UR]V]HU]HQLD 3OLNL UR]V]HU]HÄ” ]RVWDQÄ… zainstalowane w lokalizacji zarezerwowanej dla produktu, na potrzeby ktĂłrego zostaĂĄo stworzone dane rozszerzenie. Program Extension Manager wyÄžwietli wszystkie aplikacje Creative Suite, ktĂłre zostaĂĄy zainstalowane. Aby zobaczyĂź rozszerzenia zainstalowane do danego produktu, kliknij ten produkt. Kliknij rozszerzenie, aby wyÄžwietliĂź informacje o tym rozszerzeniu pochodzÄ…ce od SURJUDPLVW\ UR]V]HU]HÄ” L GRZLHG]LHĂź siÄŠ, jak uzyskaĂź dostÄŠp do rozszerzenia w produkcie czÄ…stkowym. ProgramiÄžFL VWZRU]\OL VHWNL UR]V]HU]HÄ” NWyUH XPRÄŞliwiajÄ… rozbudowanie funkcjonalnoÄžci produktĂłw Creative Suite. Program Extension Manager pozwala w prosty sposĂłb zainstalowaĂź rozszerzenia, a takÄŞe wyĂĄÄ…czyĂź je, zaktualizowaĂź lub odinstalowaĂź.

Instalacja oprogramowania

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BUILDING PROGRAM DIAGRAM

Traversable rooftop greenspace

Research/laboratory facilities

Exhibition/presentation space

Public Lobby

Indoor aeroponic garden Cafe and Lounge space

Horticulture/environmental research

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Public Space

Mixed-use

facilities

e

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K[NO]W Waste NICK MINGRONE + GWENETH BACON-SHONE

K[no]w Waste is a temporary installation for Praca Tiradentes, a public square in the historical downtown of Rio de Janeiro. In the hopes of challenging the common tendency of the public to forget about waste once it is discarded, as landďŹ lls are tucked far away out of sight, the project forces the public to confront it, visually and physically. The installation acts as an alternative to disposing of waste in a trash can on the street. As objects are placed into the structure, it transforms, taking on the attributes of whatever materials it holds. The system itself is also reconďŹ gurable, thus allowing users to dictate both form and materiality for themselves. Rather than treating waste as something to be discarded and forgotten, its characteristics are made experiential, and its sight impossible to ignore. Because it functions as a waste receptacle system, the structure also has a release mechanism so that the collected materials can be properly collected and recycled or sold off, rather than simply being discarded.

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UNITS

three panel

four panel

ITERATIONS

perspectives

plans

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EVENT CYCLE

INITIAL

GATHERING

GROWTH/ ENGAGEMENT

COLLECTION

$ glass

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metal

blue

EXPANSION

$$$

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INTIMATE SPACE

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POTENTIAL MATERIALS FOR COLLECTION Recyclables: Plastic cups Household papers Cardboard Newspaper Water bottles Glass bottles Metal Cans Aluminum (foil, trays)

Construction Materials: Mirrors Glass Wood (panels, small beams) Gutters Pipes (pvc, metal)

Miscellaneous: Plastic Utensils Tire Scraps Coat Hangers

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ROOF PANELS collection of materials as well as providing shelter

DIAGONAL PANELS collection of materials as well as partial shelter and intimate space

SINGLE PANELS configuration will allow for collection of smaller materials LAMINATED PANELS configuration will allow for collection of large materials

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CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

Joint Plans

Collection: Elastic Tension and Release Joint Elevations

Joint Sections

A

Holes: Front Elevations

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B

A

Side Elevation

B

Section

PANEL TEMPLATES

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MATERIAL VALUE STUDY

Potential Value Example Material: 1 Load Design to accomodate smallest base unit -> width of water bottle Assume average bottle = 3” diameter Cord spacing -> 2” to trap bottle 8 ft panel height -> 32 bottles (@ 3” wide) 32 bottles high x 72 bottles wide (72 rows of cord) =2304 bottles 2304 bottles @ $0.05 (printed refund value) =$115

Value of one load ->

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=

=

12’

8’

Spacing: 2” Gap

Cost: 1 Panel Bamboo: 12 ft x 8 ft 40 feet @ $4/ft = $160 Cord: 2” spacing across 8 ft = 48 lengths 48 x 12 ft = 576 ft 576 ft @ $0.12/ft =$69.12

Skin: Bungee Shock Cord 1/4” Thick

Frame: Structural Bamboo 3” Diameter

Total=$230 Cost of one panel ->

or more, system generates profit

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TRASHWORKS Nick Mingrone

Trashworks builds upon the K[no]w Waste project and applies its function to a more permanent construction. It operates as a part of an ongoing even cycle across several abandoned lots surrounding Praca Tiradentes in Rio de Janeiro. Trashworks is an artist in residence headquarters that offers an alternative solution to waste disposal through waste collection and art installation. Using a structural suspension system that fosters openness and transparency, particularly for the flow of light and views throughout the structure, the main site is broken into a series of smaller programmatic spaces. Private spaces housing resident artists are brought to the uppermost levels. While the ground level is geared to recieve both incoming trash and the public from the outside world. Public and private meet at the middle level, which contains both artist workspace and gallery and event areas. Central to everything is the waste itself, actively sorted and on display. A series of satellite sites has also been selected to house the completed artist installations, and a final exhibition t the conclusion of residency returns the work to Praca Tiradentes, the original site of material collection.

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MAP OF SITES

Summer: January-March

Spring: October-December

Periodic Event/Exhibition

Artist Residences/ Headquarters

Fall: April-June

Winter: July-September

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EVENT CYCLE

Exhibition

Summer Artist Arrives

Collection Event

Spring Installation

N

Exhibition

D

J

F

O

Fall Artist Arrives

M A

S A

M

J

Winter Installation Exhibition

J

J

J M S M

YEAR 2

O F

J

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D

N

Exhibition

Collection Event

Spring Artist Arrives

Summer Installation Senior Portfolio.indd 65

Collection Event Winter Artist Arrives

A A

Fall Installation

YEAR 1

Collection Event

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SAMPLE SATELLITE INSTALLATION: WINTER SITE Senior Portfolio.indd 64

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Public Circulation

Artist Circulation

Light and Shadow Waste Circulation 67 Senior Portfolio.indd 67

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ARTIST RESIDENCES

STORAGE

SHARED KITCHEN/LIVING SPACE

PUBLIC RECEPTION

WASTE SORTING/MATERIAL POOL

ARTIST STUDIO

WASTE CLEANING WASTE RECEIVING

EVENT/GALLERY SPACE

DOORS

TRACKS

OPERABLE LOUVERS

CATWALKS

GLASS SKIN

STAIRS

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OPERABLE CURTAINS

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KITCHEN

LIVING RESIDENCE

ARTIST STUDIO

RESIDENCE

ARTIST STUDIO WASTE SORTING

WASTE SORTING EVENT/GALLERY SPACE

STORAGE

STORAGE

WASTE CLEANING

WASTE RECEIVING

KITCHEN RESIDENCE

LIVING

RESIDENCE

WASTE SORTING EVENT/GALLERY SPACE

RECEPTION

Senior Portfolio.indd 70

WASTE CLEANING

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COMPOST MACHINE GWENETH BACON-SHONE

K[no]w Waste is a temporary installation for Praca Tiradentes, a public square in the historical downtown of Rio de Janeiro. In the hopes of challenging the common tendency of the public to forget about waste once it is discarded, as landďŹ lls are tucked far away out of sight, the project forces the public to confront it, visually and physically. The installation acts as an alternative to disposing of waste in a trash can on the street. As objects are placed into the structure, it transforms, taking on the attributes of whatever materials it holds. The system itself is also reconďŹ gurable, thus allowing users to dictate both form and materiality for themselves. Rather than treating waste as something to be discarded and forgotten, its characteristics are made experiential, and its sight impossible to ignore. Because it functions as a waste receptacle system, the structure also has a release mechanism so that the collected materials can be properly collected and recycled or sold off, rather than simply being discarded.Pudae doles reperia doloresti vendis dus erovid exeratis ma voluptas ium voluptat qui cum quidusci sedi remo tem nobit volut eatur, veleseri ommolesedic tem que dolum illo

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THE MACHINE

TEN RESTAURANTS

DINING AREAS

PRAÇA TIRADENTES

SITE

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DURATION

collection 2 weeks

fermentation 2 weeks

every 2-3 days nutrient rich liquid is drained out and put into the garden

pre-compost 2 weeks

growth 3-10 weeks

tomatoes lettuce onions corn

5-7 weeks 5-7 weeks 8-10 weeks 3-4 weeks

DURATION

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_SCAPES + RESTORE BENITA TRENK

______SCAPES are temporary experiential and informational landscapes, which activate the ground in Praca Tiradentes, bringing awareness to the scale of changes occuring in Rio. ______SCAPES plants a percentage of waste materials from these projects onto the ground of the plaza. The materials from these projects onto the ground of the plaza. The materials are poured into container forms and re-arranged within the plaza to create environments that adapt to the changing seasons.

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4 million 3 million 2 million

DREDGING RIO PORT

3.5 million

1 million

VOLUME OF MATERIAL (in cubic meters) 4 million 3 million 2 million

PPRACA TIRADENTES

1 million

SUBWAY EXCAVATION 1.4 million

4 million 3 million

RIO DE JANEIRO

2 million 1 million

SAMBODROMO RECONSTRUCTION 11,000

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SAND

SOIL

STONE

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_____SCAPE SAND

SOIL

STONE

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Temporary experiential and informational landscapes which activate the ground in praca tiradentes, bringing awareness to the scale of changes occuring in rio.

ASSEMBLAGE 1

Raw materials are delivered to the plaza via construction truck.

2

container units are brought out of storage garages and assembled onsite.

3

containers are filled with material, becoming infrastructural volumes for plaza-goers.

CALENDAR DEC

JAN B

N

MAR

OCT

containers are made of scaffolding units and mesh netting from construction projects.

SUMMER

FE

OV

APR

SEP

SPRING

Y

AU

G

MA

JUN

JUL

FALL/WINTER

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MATERIALS IN THE PLAZA

volumes

4 million 3 million 2 million

DREDGING RIO PORT

3.5 million

x 1/1000 =

SUBWAY EXCAVATION

x 1/1000 =

1 million

sand

4 million 3 million 2 million

1.4 million

1 million

soil

4 million 3 million 2 million 1 million

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SAMBODROMO RECONSTRUCTION 11,000

x 1/1000 =

stone

material arranements

113

the SAND containers

16FT

4FT

4FT 6FT SANDBOX

_____SCAPE SAND

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10FT

6FT

6FT

16FT BEACH LOUNGER

20FT

6FT 12FT SMALL SAND DUNE

12FT LARGE SAND DUNE

the SOIL containers 20FT 6FT

3FT

planters

6FT grassy plots

8FT

4FT

3FT

2FT 3FT

10FT

12FT picnic areas

16FT stages

_____SCAPE SOIL

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the STONE containers

2FT stools

_____SCAPE STONE

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2FT cafe tables

6FT

5FT

4FT

3FT

2FT short column

2FT tall column

RESTORE is a non-profit organization and multi-functional storage facility, which preserves downtown Rio’s local infrastructure through storage, trade, education and re-use of building materials.

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RAINCLOUD SHIVINA HARJANI + CAROLINE LUKINS

Raincloud is a temporary pavilion installation that aims to educate the occupants about water as a natural, sustainable resource in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The intervention brings to the community an interactive public space that hopes to inspire a new consciousness around Rio’s historically tenuous relationship with water. The space both engages users in leisurely activity and uses water to unveil a series of ironies in Carioca’s water access. Water levels at the site directly respond to the population of users, bringing about a sensitivity to control over one’s own access to and influence over the community’s water.

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125

Canopy-Occupant Relationship: A pump and pully mechanism connects the pavilions topography to the canopy, causing an increase in weight to pull the canopy shut, therefore expelling less water.

cable pulls down canopy contracts

more people=less water STRUCTURAL FRAME WATER PUMP

weight pressure cable pulls down

126

pump & pulley mechanisms

Topography: Using the same geometric language as the canopy, the topography of the site is instrumental in creating different conditions of water flow and social interaction along the sight.

127

Folding Diagram: On the folding surface, specific panels are perforated, allowing the canopy to expel water when open and to hold water when closed.

1

1 2

2

3

3

1 2

3

1

2

Perforated surface Solid surface

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3

less occupants

More occupants

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Unrolled Elevation

Less Occupants 130

topography program e wa er i r ula ion c nopy

More Occupants 131

RAINCLOUD

Shivina Harjani Caroline Lukins

Raincloud2 adopts an abandoned site West of V Tiradentes to develop as a Flood Research Center/ Emergency Evacuation Shelter that uses the same technologies developed in Raincloud1 to build a reactive facade that opens and closes in response to monthly rainfall. In the event of a flood emergency, the facade and floor plates expand fully, allowing the Research Building’s programs to transform and accommodate the immediate neighborhood’s evacuees. At times of evacuation, the floor plates expand to 160% of the original square footage to accommodate the influx of residence in the building and the additional programs that are associated with evacuation necessities.

132

emergency warning

building expansion sliding floor plates pop up roof program remapping

evacuees in

provisions

warning

sleep space storage food+distribution medical triage lounge space recreation

withdrawn

evacuees out

10% evacuees remain

building contraction

partial building contraction

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134

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research

evacuation

researchresearch evacuation evacuation research

evacuation research research evacuationevacuation kitchen

420

+ + 200 + 4170 + 700 +

6000

6000 6000

340

340

+ + 200 + 4170 + 700 +

circulation

bathrooms

340

bathrooms

420

+ + 200 + 4170 + 700 +

bathrooms

+ + 200 + 4170 + 700 +

kitchen

kitchen

420

kitchen

420

bathrooms

administration

340

administration

administration administration

recreation space

recreation space

recreation spacerecreation space

residence

residence

residence

circulation

residence

circulation

6000

circulation total square footage

research 11830 evacuation

total square footage total square footage total square footage

11830

11830 11830

classroom

staff quarters

research research research evacuation evacuation evacuation

700 + 700 + 650 + 420 + 4170 + 4170

collaborative research classroom classroom classroom

staffstaff quarters staff quarters quarters

700700 700 + +medical + medical triage medical triage triage 700700 700 + +sleep + sleep individual research individual individual research research units sleep units units 650650650 + + medical + medical conference space conference conference spacespace supplies medical supplies supplies 420420420 + +arrival + arrival public space publicpublic space space &arrival Check-in & Check-in & Check-in 4170 4170 4170 + +water + water exhibition space exhibition exhibition spacespace collection water collection collection 4170 4170 4170

individual research

collaborative research collaborative collaborative research research

conference space

public space

exhibition space

medical triage

sleep units

medical supplies

arrival & Check-in

water collection

total square footage

10810 research

evacuation

totaltotal square total square footage square footage footage

10810 10810 10810 research research evacuationevacuation

storage

4700

+ + 1000 + 1200 + 500 + 4500 +

distribution storage

storage

4700 4700

+ + 1000 + 1200 + 500 + 4500 +

distribution

1200 seating

recreation

+ 1200 + 1000 + 1200 + 500 + 4500 +

distribution

seating

recreation

communication exchange communication exchange

additional sleep units additional sleep units

lounge

136

lounge

1200 seating

recreation

communication exchange

additional sleep units

lounge

500 total square footage 13600

500 500 total square footage total square footage 13600 13600

expan expanded programme expanded programme

third floor

medical triage+ storage

lounge

evacuation

distribution

staff quarters

medical triage roof

fourth floor

sleep units

medical supplies sleep units

recreation

sleep units

arrival & Check-in

water collection

sixth floor

second floor kitchen

cafe

ootage

admin+ communication 30�

0

storage

storage

evacuation fifth floor

first floor

0

arrival+check-in

n residence+ kitchen+ bathroom

recreation

seating

n

exchange

eep units

0

are footage

0

expanded programme

137

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Interior Scale: Oversized Circulation Oversized circulation is central to the design of Raincloud2; the floor plates’ shapes react to an extra-wide staircase that runs through the core of the building. The oversized stairs allow for both accessibility and for adaptable programmatic space (i.e. seating) during times of emergency.

139

desk

3”

sliding partition bed 1 0.5” 3”

3”

3”

storage

0.5”

floor plate 2”

1.5”

SLIDING floor cover

1.5”

emergency supplies/bed 2

plug-in research/sleep 140

Human Scale To accommodate the substantial influx of building residences during time of evacuation, interior transformations are designed within the structure of the building. The diagrams to the left shows the transformation between desk space and food storage during Research to sleeping cubicles and personal storage during times of Emergency Evacuation.

141

THE FILTER AVA AMIRAHMADI

After learning about the lack of access to potable water in Rio de Janeiro, I designed a temporary pavilion that will collect and filter rainwater through the piping to feed activity areas around the plaza. I then developed a community center that my pavilion could connect to.

The community center will tap into the beginning of the condominial block and redirect the water to its Granular Activated Carbon Filters. The potable water will be used in different activity areas in the community center, as well as feeding the rest of the condominial block. The roof also collects rainwater to feed the two green walls. By exposing the piping system and creating spaces with thi continually flowwing system, people who interact with these projects will be able to appreciate the beauty of water and learn about water filtration.

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150

151

152

153

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TRIP TO BRAZIL NYC TO RIO - CASA AUREA

DAY 1

COPACABANA + IPANEMA - LAGOA - PAO DO ACUCAR

DAY 2

FAVELA - MUSEU DE ARTE MODERNA - PARQUE GUINLE

DAY 3

TOUR OF DOWNTOWN - CU GLOBAL CENTER - PRACA TIRADENTES

DAY 4

PEDREGULHO - COMPLEXO DO ALEMAO - STUDIO-X

DAY 5

RIO TO BRASILIA - BRASILIA - BRASILIA TO RIO

DAY 6

IPANEMA BEACH - STUDIO-X PRESENTATIONS

DAY 7

BRULE MARX ESTATE -AECOM PRESENTATION

DAY 8

DRUM SESSION - RIO TO NYC

DAY 9

ARRIVE NYC

DAY 10

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DAY 1 5:30 AM - 9:15 PM: FLIGHT FROM NEW YORK CITY - JFK TO RIO DE JANEIRO GALEAO INTERNATIONAL 11:00 PM : ARRIVE AT CASA AUREA

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NEW YORK, NY

RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

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160

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DAY 2 8:30 AM - 4:00 PM: WALK COPACABANA - WALK IPANEMA - WALK TO LAGOA RODRIGO DA REITAS 4:00 PM - 6:00 PM : PAO DO ACUCAR (SUGAR LOAF)

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PAO DO ACUCAR

LAGAO RODRIGO DA FREITAS COPACABANA IPANEMA

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DAY 3 9:30 AM - 12:00 PM: FAVELA SANTA MARTA 1:00 PM - 4:00 PM: MUSEU DE ARTE MODERNA - WALK PAST ATTERO DO FLAMENGO 4:00 PM - 6:00 PM : PARQUE GUINLE

168

MUSEU DE ARTE MODERNA

PARQUE QUINLE

FAVELA SANTA MARTA

LAGAO RODRIGO DA FREITAS

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DAY 4 9:00 AM - 3:00 PM: TOUR OF DOWNTOWN RIO 3:00 PM - 5:00 PM: TALK WITH TOM TREBAT AT CU GLOBAL CENTER 5:00 PM - 7:00 PM : PRACA TIRADENTES SITE ANALYSIS

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DAY 5 10:00 AM - 12:00 PM: PEDREGULHO HOUSING COMPLEX 2:00 PM - 3:30 PM: COMPLEXO DO ALEMAO 6:00 PM - 9:00 PM : LECTURES AT STUDIO-X

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DAY 6 5:00 AM - 9:00 AM: FLIGHT FROM RIO DE JANEIRO-SANTOS DUMONT TO BRASILIA-PRESIDENTE JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK 9:00 AM - 6:30 PM: BRASILIA 6:30 PM - 10:05 PM : FLIGHT FROM BRASILIA-PRESIDENTE JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK TO RIO DE JANEIROSANTOS DUMONT

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BRASILIA

RIO DE JANEIRO

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188

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DAY 7 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM: IPANEMA BEACH 2:00 PM - 5:00 PM: DESIGN III PRESENTS TO STUDIO-X 6:00 PM - 8:00 PM: LETICIA WOUK ALMINO PRESENTS TO STUDIO-X

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STUDIO-X

LAGAO RODRIGO DA FREITAS

IPANEMA 193

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196

197

198

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DAY 8 9:30 AM - 11:00 AM: BURLE MARX ESTATE 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM:AECOM PRESENTATION

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AECOM

BURLE MARX ESTATE

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DAY 9 8:30 AM: CHECK OUT OF CASA AUREA 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM: DRUM SESSION 7:00 PM: FLIGHT FROM RIO DE JANEIRO GALEAO INTERNATIONA TO NEW YORK CITY - JFK

206

NEW YORK, NY

RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

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