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Sample Test Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, 2e (Roiger) Chapter 3 The Integumentary System 1) Which of the following combining forms mean skin? 1. A) cutane/o 2. B) cyan/o 3. C) melan/o 4. D) onych/o Answer: A Explanation: The combining form cutane/o means skin.
Section: 03.01 Learning Objective: 03.01 Use medical terminology related to the integumentary system. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.1. Describe structural organization of the human body 2) Which of the following combining forms mean black? 1. A) cutane/o 2. B) cyan/o 3. C) melan/o 4. D) onych/o Answer: C Explanation: The combining form melan/o means black. Section: 03.01 Learning Objective: 03.01 Use medical terminology related to the integumentary system. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.1. Describe structural organization of the human body 3) Which of the following combining forms mean nail? 1. A) cutane/o 2. B) cyan/o 3. C) melan/o 4. D) onych/o
Answer: D Explanation: The combining form onych/o means nail. Section: 03.01 Learning Objective: 03.01 Use medical terminology related to the integumentary system. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.1. Describe structural organization of the human body 4) Which of the following combining forms mean blue? 1. A) cutane/o 2. B) cyan/o 3. C) melan/o 4. D) onych/o Answer: B Explanation: The combining form cyan/o means blue. Section: 03.01 Learning Objective: 03.01 Use medical terminology related to the integumentary system. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.1. Describe structural organization of the human body 5) Which of the following combining forms mean hard? 1. A) kerat/o
2. B) cyan/o 3. C) melan/o 4. D) onych/o Answer: A Explanation: The combining form kerat/o means hard. Section: 03.01 Learning Objective: 03.01 Use medical terminology related to the integumentary system. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.1. Describe structural organization of the human body 6) All of the following combining forms mean skin except which one? 1. A) cutane/o 2. B) derm/o 3. C) dermat/o 4. D) seb/o Answer: D Explanation: The combining form seb/o means oil not skin. Section: 03.01 Learning Objective: 03.01 Use medical terminology related to the integumentary system. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.1. Describe structural organization of the human body
7) Which of the following combining forms mean oil? 1. A) kerat/o 2. B) seb/o 3. C) melan/o 4. D) onych/o Answer: B Explanation: The combining form seb/o means oil. Section: 03.01 Learning Objective: 03.01 Use medical terminology related to the integumentary system. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.1. Describe structural organization of the human body 8) What is the body’s largest organ? 1. A) Liver 2. B) Brain 3. C) Stomach 4. D) Skin Answer: D Explanation: The skin is the body’s largest organ.
Section: 03.03 Topic: Gross anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.02 Describe the histology of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.2. Identify body systems 9) The skin makes up what percentage of body weight? 1. A) 10% 2. B) 15% 3. C) 25% 4. D) 50% Answer: B Explanation: The skin makes up 15% of the body’s weight. Section: 03.03 Topic: Gross anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.02 Describe the histology of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.2. Identify body systems 10) Skin is composed of what two layers? 1. A) Dermis, hypodermis
2. B) Dermis, subcutaneous 3. C) Epidermis, dermis 4. D) Epidermis, hypodermis Answer: C Explanation: The skin consists of two layers, the epidermis and dermis. Section: 03.03 Topic: Gross anatomy of skin; Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.02 Describe the histology of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 11) Which of the following statements describes the epidermis? 1. A) The epidermis has cutaneous glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings. 2. B) The epidermis is the skin’s most superficial layer. 3. C) The epidermis is the skin’s deepest layer. 4. D) The dermis is composed of loose/areolar connective tissue over dense irregular connective tissue. Answer: B Explanation: The epidermis is the skin’s most superficial layer, composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue. Deep to the epidermis is the dermis, which is composed of loose/areolar connective tissue over dense irregular connective tissue. The cutaneous glands, hair follicles, and most of the skin’s nerve endings can be found in the dermis. Section: 03.03
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.02 Describe the histology of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 12) What is the hypodermis? 1. A) The layer of adipose tissue beneath the dermis 2. B) The layer of skin beneath the dermis 3. C) The layer of loose/areolar connective tissue beneath the dermis 4. D) The layer of stratified squamous epithelial tissue beneath the dermis Answer: A Explanation: Deep to the dermis is the hypodermis or subcutaneous layer. Although it is technically not part of the skin, this layer attaches the skin to the rest of the body. Mainly composed of adipose connective tissue, the hypodermis serves as an insulating layer, a cushioning layer, and an energy source. Section: 03.03 Topic: General functions of skin and the subcutaneous layer Learning Objective: 03.02 Describe the histology of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 13) Which layer of skin is best for subcutaneous injections?
1. A) Dermis 2. B) Epidermis 3. C) Dermis or hypodermis 4. D) Hypodermis Answer: D Explanation: The hypodermis or subcutaneous layer is the ideal site for subcutaneous injections. Section: 03.03 Topic: General functions of skin and the subcutaneous layer Learning Objective: 03.02 Describe the histology of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 14) All of the following statements describe the dermis except which one? 1. A) The dermis has cutaneous glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings. 2. B) The dermis is the skin’s most superficial layer. 3. C) The dermis is the skin’s deepest layer. 4. D) The dermis is composed of loose/areolar connective tissue over dense irregular connective tissue. Answer: B
Explanation: The epidermis is the skin’s most superficial layer, composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue. Deep to the epidermis is the dermis, which is composed of loose/areolar connective tissue over dense irregular connective tissue. The cutaneous glands, hair follicles, and most of the skin’s nerve endings can be found in the dermis. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.02 Describe the histology of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 15) All of the following are false regarding the hypodermis except which statement? 1. A) The hypodermis is the third layer of skin. 2. B) The hypodermis contains the skin’s blood vessels, nerve endings, and glands. 3. C) The hypodermis lies deep to the dermis, is composed of adipose tissue, and connects the skin to the body. 4. D) The hypodermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue. Answer: C Explanation: Deep to the dermis is the hypodermis or subcutaneous layer. Although it is technically not part of the skin, this layer attaches the skin to the rest of the body. Mainly composed of adipose connective tissue, the hypodermis serves as an insulating layer, a cushioning layer, and an energy source. Section: 03.03 Topic: General functions of skin and the subcutaneous layer
Learning Objective: 03.02 Describe the histology of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 16) Which of the following is not a layer of the epidermis? 1. A) The stratum basale 2. B) The stratum lucidum 3. C) The stratum corneum 4. D) The stratum keratum Answer: D Explanation: The layers of the epidermis are the stratum basale, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum. The stratum keratum is not a layer of the epidermis. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 17) Which layer of the epidermis has cells that are actively growing and dividing to produce new epidermis?
1. A) The stratum basale 2. B) The stratum lucidum 3. C) The stratum corneum 4. D) The stratum spinosum Answer: A Explanation: The stratum basale contains cells that are actively growing and dividing to produce new epidermis. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 18) What type of cell does the stratum basale contain? 1. A) Squamous 2. B) Cuboidal 3. C) Columnar 4. D) Transitional Answer: B Explanation: The stratum basale contains cuboidal cells. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin
Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 19) The stratum basale dips into the dermis to form what? 1. A) Nail bed 2. B) Hypodermis 3. C) Sweat glands 4. D) Hair follicle Answer: D Explanation: The stratum basale dips into the dermis to form hair follicles. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 20) The stratum basale lies deep to which layer of the epidermis? 1. A) The stratum basale 2. B) The stratum lucidum
3. C) The stratum corneum 4. D) The stratum spinosum Answer: D Explanation: The stratum basale lies deep to the stratum spinosum. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function. Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 21) All of the following have the stratum lucidum layer of the epidermis except which one? 1. A) Thin skin 2. B) Thick skin 3. C) Skin on the palms of hands 4. D) Skin with no hair Answer: A Explanation: The stratum lucidum is only found in thick skin. Thick skin is found on the lips, palms of the hands, and on the plantar surface of the feet. Thick skin has no hair, while thin skin does. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function.
Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 22) Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the epidermis? 1. A) The stratum basale 2. B) The stratum lucidum 3. C) The stratum corneum 4. D) The stratum spinosum Answer: C Explanation: The stratum corneum is the most superficial layer of the epidermis. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 23) What is the difference in thick skin and thin skin? 1. A) Thin skin is thinner than thick skin. 2. B) Thick skin has hair.
3. C) Thin skin does not have the stratum lucidum layer while thick skin does. 4. D) Thick skin is found all over the body, while thin skin is found on lips, palms of hands, and soles of feet. Answer: C Explanation: The stratum lucidum is only found in thick skin. Thick skin is found on the lips, palms of the hands, and on the plantar surface of the feet. Thick skin has no hair, while thin skin does. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 24) What cell type in the epidermis is responsible for the skin’s pigment? 1. A) Keratinocytes 2. B) Melanocytes 3. C) Tactile corpuscles 4. D) Dendritic cells Answer: B Explanation: Keratinocytes begin in the stratum basale and make up the majority of epidermal cells. Their purpose is to grow and divide. As they divide, they push the older cells up toward the surface. Melanocytes produce
skin pigments called melanin. Tactile corpuscles are cells that serve as receptors for fine touch only. Dendritic cells are immune system cells found in the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum. They alert the body’s immune system to the invasion of pathogens that could make it through the stratum corneum. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 25) Which cells in the epidermis grow and divide? 1. A) Keratinocytes 2. B) Melanocytes 3. C) Tactile corpuscles 4. D) Dendritic cells Answer: A Explanation: Keratinocytes begin in the stratum basale and make up the majority of epidermal cells. Their purpose is to grow and divide. As they divide, they push the older cells up toward the surface. Melanocytes produce skin pigments called melanin. Tactile corpuscles are cells that serve as receptors for fine touch only. Dendritic cells are immune system cells found in the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum. They alert the body’s immune system to the invasion of pathogens that could make it through the stratum corneum. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin
Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 26) What is the hard, waterproof protein that fills keratinocytes? 1. A) Melanin 2. B) Keratin 3. C) Sebum 4. D) Corneum Answer: B Explanation: Keratinocytes begin in the stratum basale and make up the majority of epidermal cells. Their purpose is to grow and divide. As they divide, they push the older cells up toward the surface. The keratinocytes produce and fill themselves with keratin as they move toward the surface. By the time they reach the stratum corneum, the keratinocytes have completely filled with keratin and died. This process is called cornification. These cells form a very durable stratum corneum at the surface. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 27) What is cornification?
1. A) The process of epidermal cells filling with keratin and moving to the surface of the epidermis to form a durable waterproof layer 2. B) The process of skin pigmentation 3. C) The process of receptors allowing for fine touch 4. D) The process of the immune system being alerted by the presence of pathogens Answer: A Explanation: The keratinocytes produce and fill themselves with keratin as they move toward the surface. By the time they reach the stratum corneum, the keratinocytes have completely filled with keratin and died. This process is called cornification. These cells form a very durable stratum corneum at the surface. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 28) What is the purpose of cornification? 1. A) To form a durable, waterproof layer on the surface of the skin 2. B) To give the skin color 3. C) To allow skin to feel fine touch 4. D) To protect the skin from pathogens
Answer: A Explanation: The keratinocytes produce and fill themselves with keratin as they move toward the surface. By the time they reach the stratum corneum, the keratinocytes have completely filled with keratin and died. This process is called cornification. These cells form a very durable stratum corneum at the surface. Section: 03.03 Topic: General functions of skin and the subcutaneous layer Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function. Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 29) Melanocytes reside in what layer of the epidermis? 1. A) The stratum basale 2. B) The stratum lucidum 3. C) The stratum corneum 4. D) The stratum spinosum Answer: A Explanation: Melanocytes stay in the stratum basale but have projections to more superficial layers. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function.
Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 30) What is the function of tactile corpuscles found in the skin? 1. A) To form a durable, waterproof layer on the surface of the skin 2. B) To give the skin color 3. C) To allow skin to feel fine touch 4. D) To protect the skin from pathogens Answer: C Explanation: Tactile corpuscles are cells that serve as receptors for fine touch only. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 31) Dendritic cells are found in what layer of the epidermis? 1. A) The stratum basale 2. B) The stratum lucidum 3. C) The stratum corneum 4. D) The stratum spinosum
Answer: D Explanation: Dendritic cells are immune system cells found in the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 32) What is the function of dendritic cells in the skin? 1. A) To form a durable, waterproof layer on the surface of the skin 2. B) To give the skin color 3. C) To allow skin to feel fine touch 4. D) To protect the skin from pathogens Answer: D Explanation: Dendritic cells are immune system cells found in the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum. They alert the body’s immune system to the invasion of pathogens that could make it through the stratum corneum. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.03 Describe the cells of the epidermis and their function. Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system
33) Which of the following are not found in the dermis? 1. A) Hair follicles 2. B) Nerve endings 3. C) Blood vessels 4. D) Melanocytes Answer: D Explanation: The dermis contains blood vessels, fibers, nerve endings, hair follicles, and cutaneous glands. Melanocytes are located in the stratum basale of the epidermis. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.04 Describe the structures of the dermis and their functions. Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 34) The arrangement of what feature in the dermis creates unique fingerprints? 1. A) Keratin 2. B) Papillae 3. C) Cutaneous glands 4. D) Nerve endings
Answer: B Explanation: The superficial edge of the dermis has bumps called papillae, which are in direct contact with the epidermis. These papillae arranged in a random pattern over most of the body, form individualspecific patterns of ridges on the palmar and plantar surfaces. This unique arrangement creates the fingerprints. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.04 Describe the structures of the dermis and their functions. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 35) What type of connective tissue makes up the dermis? 1. A) Adipose tissue and loose/areolar tissue 2. B) Adipose tissue and dense irregular tissue 3. C) Collagen and elastic tissue 4. D) Loose/areolar tissue and dense irregular tissue Answer: D Explanation: The dermis changes from loose/areolar tissue to dense irregular connective tissue. Adipose tissue is found in the hypodermis. Collagen and elastic does not describe a tissue but instead describes the type of fibers found within the connective tissue of the dermis. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin
Learning Objective: 03.04 Describe the structures of the dermis and their functions. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 36) Fibroblast produces what two protein fibers in the dermis? 1. A) Loose/areolar and elastic 2. B) Collagen and dense irregular 3. C) Collagen and elastic 4. D) Loose/areolar and dense irregular Answer: C Explanation: Fibroblast in the dermis produces collagen and elastic fibers within the loose/areolar and dense irregular connective tissue. Section: 03.03 Topic: Functions of skin tissue layers Learning Objective: 03.04 Describe the structures of the dermis and their functions. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 37) What is the function of elastic fibers in the skin? 1. A) Strength 2. B) Cushioning 3. C) Extensibility 4. D) Elasticity
Answer: D Explanation: Elastic fibers allow the skin to return to shape after being stretched. This is elasticity. Adipose tissue allows for cushioning and collagen fibers allow for strength. Section: 03.03 Topic: Functions of skin tissue layers Learning Objective: 03.04 Describe the structures of the dermis and their functions. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 38) What is the function of collagen fibers in the skin? 1. A) Strength 2. B) Cushioning 3. C) Extensibility 4. D) Elasticity Answer: A Explanation: Collagen fibers allow for strength. Elastic fibers allow the skin to return to shape after being stretched. Adipose tissue allows for cushioning. Section: 03.03 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin Learning Objective: 03.04 Describe the structures of the dermis and their functions. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system
39) What is the definition of elasticity? 1. A) The ability to be stretched 2. B) The ability to extend 3. C) The ability to keep shape 4. D) The ability to return to shape after being stretched Answer: D Explanation: Elasticity is defined as the ability to be stretched and return to its original shape. Section: 03.03 Topic: Functions of skin tissue layers Learning Objective: 03.04 Describe the structures of the dermis and their functions. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 40) How do vitamin A and C contribute to healthy skin? 1. A) Allow for elasticity 2. B) Help with collagen production 3. C) Help with elastic fiber production 4. D) Help with melanin production
Answer: B Explanation: Vitamin A and vitamin C are important for healthy skin because they are necessary for collagen production. Section: 03.03 Topic: Functions of skin tissue layers Learning Objective: 03.04 Describe the structures of the dermis and their functions. Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 41) All of the following are functions of the nerve cell endings in the dermis except which one? 1. A) Receptors for warm and cold 2. B) Receptors for pain and pressure 3. C) Receptors for hair movement 4. D) All of the answer choices are functions of the nerve cells in the dermis. Answer: D Explanation: Nerve cells have endings in the dermis that serve as receptors. These receptors include warm receptors, cold receptors, pain receptors, and pressure receptors. There are also receptors associated with hair follicles located in the dermis that can detect the movement of a single hair. Section: 03.03 Topic: Functions of skin tissue layers Learning Objective: 03.04 Describe the structures of the dermis and their functions. Bloom’s: 3. Apply
CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 42) What is the function of the sebaceous gland? 1. A) To produce sebum 2. B) To produce milk 3. C) To produce sweat 4. D) To produce cerumen Answer: A Explanation: The function of the sebaceous gland is to produce sebum. Mammary glands produce milk, merocrine or apocrine glands produce sweat, and ceruminous glands produce cerumen or earwax. Section: 03.03 Topic: Functions of accessory skin structures Learning Objective: 03.05 Compare and contrast the glands of the skin in terms of their structure, products, and functions. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 43) What is the function of sweat? 1. A) Cool the body 2. B) Nourish an infant 3. C) Moisturize the skin 4. D) Waterproof the ear
Answer: A Explanation: Sweat helps cool the body through evaporation. Milk from mammary glands nourishes infants. Sebum moisturizes the skin. Cerumen waterproofs the ear. Section: 03.03 Topic: Functions of accessory skin structures Learning Objective: 03.05 Compare and contrast the glands of the skin in terms of their structure, products, and functions. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 44) What is the function of sebum? 1. A) Cool the body 2. B) Nourish an infant 3. C) Moisturize the skin and hair 4. D) Waterproof the ear Answer: C Explanation: Sebum moisturizes the skin and hair. Sweat helps cool the body through evaporation. Milk from mammary glands nourishes infants. Cerumen waterproofs the ear. Section: 03.03 Topic: Functions of accessory skin structures
Learning Objective: 03.05 Compare and contrast the glands of the skin in terms of their structure, products, and functions. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 45) Which cutaneous gland produces sebum? 1. A) Sebaceous 2. B) Mammary 3. C) Apocrine 4. D) Ceruminous Answer: A Explanation: The sebaceous gland produces sebum. Mammary glands produce milk. Apocrine glands produce sweat. Cerminous glands produce cerumen. Section: 03.03 Topic: Functions of accessory skin structures Learning Objective: 03.05 Compare and contrast the glands of the skin in terms of their structure, products, and functions. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 46) All of the following are functions of lactic acid in sweat except which one? 1. A) Maintain a pH between 4 and 6 2. B) Produce a scent that influences behavior 3. C) Forms an acid mantle on the skin
4. D) Reduces the number of pathogens on the skin Answer: B Explanation: The presence of lactic acid in merocrine sweat causes the pH range of merocrine sweat to be 4 to 6. This forms an acid mantle on the skin that reduces the growth of bacteria. Section: 03.03 Topic: Functions of the subcutaneous layer Learning Objective: 03.05 Compare and contrast the glands of the skin in terms of their structure, products, and functions. Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 47) What is the function of the dermal papillae at the base of the hair follicle? 1. A) Pigmentation 2. B) Strength 3. C) Texture 4. D) Nourishment Answer: D Explanation: The dermal papillae have a blood vessel, which feeds the keratinocytes and melanocytes contained in the hair follicle. Section: 03.03 Topic: Functions of accessory skin structures Learning Objective: 03.06 Describe the histology of a hair and hair follicle. Bloom’s: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 48) What is the function of keratinocytes as it relates to hair? 1. A) Pigmentation 2. B) Texture 3. C) Form the hair matrix 4. D) Move the hair Answer: C Explanation: The keratinocytes produce the hair, while the melanocytes produce the hair’s pigment. Active keratinocytes form the hair matrix just above the dermal papilla. Section: 03.03 Topic: Functions of accessory skin structures Learning Objective: 03.06 Describe the histology of a hair and hair follicle. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 49) What is considered the hair’s growth center? 1. A) Keratinocytes 2. B) Dermal papillae 3. C) Melanocyte 4. D) Hair follicle Answer: B
Explanation: The dermal papilla is the hair’s growth center, and contains important nerves and blood vessels that provide amino acids for keratin. Section: 03.03 Topic: Anatomy of accessory skin structures Learning Objective: 03.06 Describe the histology of a hair and hair follicle. Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 50) What is the function of the arrector pili muscle? 1. A) Pigmentation 2. B) Strength 3. C) Movement 4. D) Nourishment Answer: C Explanation: Associated with the hair follicle is a smooth muscle called an arrector pili muscle. This muscle attaches the hair follicle’s base to the epidermis at an angle. When this muscle contracts, it pulls on the hair follicle’s base, making the hair stand perpendicular to the skin’s surface. Section: 03.03 Topic: Functions of accessory skin structures Learning Objective: 03.06 Describe the histology of a hair and hair follicle. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system
51) What type of hair is very fine unpigmented and forms on the developing fetus? 1. A) Lanugo 2. B) Vellus 3. C) Terminal 4. D) Vellum Answer: A Explanation: Lanugo hair is very fine and unpigmented and forms on a fetus during the last three months of its development. This hair is usually replaced by birth. Vellus hair is also unpigmented and very fine, replaces lanugo hair around the time of birth. An example of vellus hair is the body hair on most women and children. Terminal hair is thick, coarse, and heavily pigmented. It forms the eyebrows, eyelashes, and hair on the scalp. At puberty, terminal hair forms in the axillary and pubic regions for both sexes. Section: 03.03 Topic: Anatomy of accessory skin structures Learning Objective: 03.06 Describe the histology of a hair and hair follicle. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 52) What type of hair is thick, coarse, and heavily pigmented? 1. A) Lanugo 2. B) Vellus 3. C) Terminal
4. D) Vellum Answer: C Explanation: Lanugo hair is very fine and unpigmented, and forms on a fetus during the last three months of its development. This hair is usually replaced by birth. Vellus hair is also unpigmented and very fine, replaces lanugo hair around the time of birth. An example of vellus hair is the body hair on most women and children. Terminal hair is thick, coarse, and heavily pigmented. It forms the eyebrows, eyelashes, and hair on the scalp. At puberty, terminal hair forms in the axillary and pubic regions for both sexes. Section: 03.03 Topic: Anatomy of accessory skin structures Learning Objective: 03.06 Describe the histology of a hair and hair follicle. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 53) Which part of the hair extends out from the skin’s surface? 1. A) Shaft 2. B) Hair follicle 3. C) Bulb 4. D) Root Answer: A Explanation: The bulb is a thickening of the hair at the end of the hair follicle. The root extends from the bulb to the skin’s surface. The shaft is the section of the hair extending out from the skin’s surface. Section: 03.03 Topic: Anatomy of accessory skin structures
Learning Objective: 03.06 Describe the histology of a hair and hair follicle. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 54) All of the following are layers of hair except which one? 1. A) Inner medulla 2. B) Outer cuticle 3. C) Outer cortex 4. D) Middle cortex Answer: C Explanation: A cross section of a hair shows three layers: an inner medulla composed of soft keratin; a middle cortex composed of hard keratin; and an outer cuticle that appears as interlocking scaly plates of dead keratinocytes. Section: 03.03 Topic: Anatomy of accessory skin structures Learning Objective: 03.06 Describe the histology of a hair and hair follicle. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 55) What factor affects hair texture? 1. A) The shaft’s crosssectional shape 2. B) The length of the shaft
3. C) The color of the hair shaft 4. D) The amount of keratin in the hair shaft Answer: A Explanation: The hair texture depends on the shaft’s crosssectional shape. Straight hair has a round shaft, wavy hair has an oval shaft, and curly hair has a more flat shaft. Rates of growth within the follicle matter too. Straight hair grows evenly within the follicle. Wavy and curly hair may grow alternately faster on one side of the follicle than on the other. Section: 03.03 Topic: Anatomy of accessory skin structures Learning Objective: 03.06 Describe the histology of a hair and hair follicle. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 56) All of the following are stages of the hair’s life cycle except which one? 1. A) Growing 2. B) Resting 3. C) Dormant 4. D) Dying Answer: C Explanation: As with most living things, hair has a life cycle. There is a growing stage, a resting stage, and a dying stage–when the hair finally falls out. Section: 03.03 Topic: Anatomy of accessory skin structures; Functions of accessory skin structures
Learning Objective: 03.07 Explain how a hair grows and is lost. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 57) All of the following describe the nail plate except which one? 1. A) Free edge of the nail 2. B) Nail body 3. C) Visible portion of the nail 4. D) Nail root Answer: D Explanation: The nail plate is the visible portion of the nail and is made up of the free edge of the nail and the nail plate. The nail root is covered with skin. Section: 03.03 Topic: Anatomy of accessory skin structures Learning Objective: 03.08 Describe the structure and function of a nail. Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 58) What type of epidermal cells composes the eponychium of the nail? 1. A) Stratum basale cells 2. B) Stratum lucidum cells 3. C) Stratum corneum cells 4. D) Stratum granulosum cells
Answer: C Explanation: An eponychium, or cuticle, at the distal edge of the nail body, is composed of stratum corneum cells extending on to the nail bed. Section: 03.03 Topic: Anatomy of accessory skin structures Learning Objective: 03.08 Describe the structure and function of a nail. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system 59) What is considered the nail’s growth center? 1. A) Nail groove 2. B) Nail plate 3. C) Nail matrix 4. D) Nail fold Answer: C Explanation: The nail matrix (the nail’s growth center) at the root of the nail is composed of active keratinocytes in the stratum basale. Section: 03.03 Topic: Anatomy of accessory skin structures Learning Objective: 03.08 Describe the structure and function of a nail. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.4. List major organs in each body system
60) Which of the following statements is not a description of how skin protects the body? 1. A) Cornified stratum corneum makes it hard for pathogens to enter. 2. B) The skin’s surface has an acidic pH. 3. C) The skin has dendritic cells that respond to pathogens. 4. D) All of these are descriptions of how the skin protects the body. Answer: D Explanation: The dead, cornified stratum corneum of the skin makes entry for bacteria difficult. The skin’s surface is also dry with an acidic pH, making it an unfriendly place for bacteria to grow. Dendritic cells of the epidermis stand guard if any pathogens try to make it past the stratum corneum. Section: 03.04 Topic: Functions of skin tissue layers Learning Objective: 03.09 Explain how the layers and structures of the skin work together to carry out the functions of the system. Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 61) Why is vitamin D production by the skin important to the body? 1. A) Vitamin D adds strength to the skin, making it hard to penetrate. 2. B) Vitamin D protects the skin from pathogens. 3. C) Vitamin D protects the skin from UV light. 4. D) Vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption.
Answer: D Explanation: Vitamin D is important for the absorption of calcium from the diet into the blood stream. Calcium is needed for bone development and maintenance. Section: 03.04 Topic: Functions of skin tissue layers Learning Objective: 03.09 Explain how the layers and structures of the skin work together to carry out the functions of the system. Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 62) How does the process of sweating help the body regulate temperature? 1. A) Sweat is cold and the production of it decreases body temperature. 2. B) Sweat produced on the skin will evaporate and cool the body if body temperature is too high. 3. C) Sweat helps trap cool air against the skin thereby reducing body temperature. 4. D) Sweat causes vasodilation which allows the core temperature of the body to drop. Answer: B Explanation: Sweat produced on the skin will evaporate and cool the body if body temperature is too high. Section: 03.04 Topic: Functions of skin tissue layers Learning Objective: 03.09 Explain how the layers and structures of the skin work together to carry out the functions of the system.
Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 63) The fact that the epidermis is waterproof allows the skin to perform what function? 1. A) Nonverbal communication 2. B) Water retention 3. C) Vitamin D production 4. D) Sensation Answer: B Explanation: The skin’s epidermis waterproofs the body by keeping water from the environment out, and body fluids in. Section: 03.04 Topic: Functions of skin tissue layers Learning Objective: 03.09 Explain how the layers and structures of the skin work together to carry out the functions of the system. Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.5. Describe the normal function of each body system 64) What are the two ways in which wounds heal? 1. A) Fibrosis and granulation 2. B) Regeneration and contracture 3. C) Regeneration and fibrosis 4. D) Contracture and granulation
Answer: C Explanation: Wounds heal in one of two ways, regeneration or fibrosis. Section: 03.05 Topic: Repair and regeneration of the integumentary system Learning Objective: 03.10 Explain how the skin responds to injury and repairs itself Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.6. Identify common pathology related to each body system 65) Wounds that heal by regeneration result in what? 1. A) The wound is healed with the same tissue that was damaged and normal function is restored. 2. B) The wound is healed with scar tissue and normal function is not restored. 3. C) The wound is healed with the same tissue that was damaged and normal function is not restored. 4. D) The wound is healed with scar tissue and normal function is restored. Answer: A Explanation: In regeneration, the wound is healed with the same tissue that was damaged and normal function is restored. In fibrosis, the wound is healed with scar tissue and normal function is not restored. Section: 03.05 Topic: Repair and regeneration of the integumentary system
Learning Objective: 03.10 Explain how the skin responds to injury and repairs itself Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.6. Identify common pathology related to each body system 66) Wounds that heal by fibrosis result in what? 1. A) The wound is healed with the same tissue that was damaged and normal function is restored. 2. B) The wound is healed with scar tissue and normal function is not restored. 3. C) The wound is healed with the same tissue that was damaged and normal function is not restored. 4. D) The wound is healed with scar tissue and normal function is restored. Answer: B Explanation: In regeneration, the wound is healed with the same tissue that was damaged and normal function is restored. In fibrosis, the wound is healed with scar tissue and normal function is not restored. Section: 03.05 Topic: Repair and regeneration of the integumentary system Learning Objective: 03.10 Explain how the skin responds to injury and repairs itself Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.6. Identify common pathology related to each body system 67) Which of the following lists the steps to wound healing in the correct order?
1. A) Bleeding and clotting of the wound, wound contracture, granulation tissue fills in the wound’s clot, a cut into the dermis 2. B) A cut into the dermis, bleeding and clotting of the wound, granulation tissue fills in the wound’s clot, wound contracture 3. C) Wound contracture, a cut into the dermis, bleeding and clotting of the wound, granulation tissue fills in the wound’s clot 4. D) A cut into the dermis, bleeding and clotting of the wound, wound contracture, granulation tissue fills in the wound’s clot Answer: D Explanation: The steps of wound healing are: a cut into the dermis, bleeding and clotting of the wound, wound contracture, and granulation tissue fills in the wound’s clot. Section: 03.05 Topic: Repair and regeneration of the integumentary system Learning Objective: 03.10 Explain how the skin responds to injury and repairs itself Bloom’s: 4. Analyze CAAHEP: I.C.6. Identify common pathology related to each body system 68) What type of burn is the most common? 1. A) Firstdegree burn 2. B) Seconddegree burn 3. C) Thirddegree burn 4. D) Fourthdegree burn
Answer: A Explanation: Firstdegree burns are the most common type of burns. Section: 03.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the integumentary system Learning Objective: 03.11 Compare and contrast three degrees of burns in terms of symptoms, layers of the skin affected, and method used by the body for healing. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.6. Identify common pathology related to each body system 69) What type of burn is also referred to as a partial thickness burn? 1. A) Firstdegree burn 2. B) Seconddegree burn 3. C) Thirddegree burn 4. D) Fourthdegree burn Answer: B Explanation: Seconddegree burns, sometimes called partial thickness burns, involve the epidermis and dermis. Section: 03.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the integumentary system Learning Objective: 03.11 Compare and contrast three degrees of burns in terms of symptoms, layers of the skin affected, and method used by the body for healing. Bloom’s: 1. Remember
CAAHEP: I.C.6. Identify common pathology related to each body system 70) What type of burn involves the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis? 1. A) Firstdegree burn 2. B) Seconddegree burn 3. C) Thirddegree burn 4. D) Fourthdegree burn Answer: C Explanation: Thirddegree burns, sometimes called fullthickness burns, are the most serious burns. They involve the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Section: 03.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the integumentary system Learning Objective: 03.11 Compare and contrast three degrees of burns in terms of symptoms, layers of the skin affected, and method used by the body for healing. Bloom’s: 1. Remember CAAHEP: I.C.6. Identify common pathology related to each body system 71) All of the following are signs of a seconddegree burn except which one? 1. A) Pain 2. B) Redness 3. C) Blisters
4. D) Charring Answer: D Explanation: Seconddegree burns, sometimes called partialthickness burns, involve the epidermis and dermis. Symptoms are redness, pain, swelling, and blisters. Charring is a symptom of a thirddegree burn. Section: 03.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the integumentary system Learning Objective: 03.11 Compare and contrast three degrees of burns in terms of symptoms, layers of the skin affected, and method used by the body for healing. Bloom’s: 3. Apply CAAHEP: I.C.6. Identify common pathology related to each body system