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°“√Õπÿ√—°…忓殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) „π®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ The Conservation of Mural Paintings (Hoop - Tam) in Maha Sarakham Province (Northeast Thailand)
1. ‚§√ß°“√Õ∫√¡‡√◊ÕË ß°“√Õπÿ√°— …å·À≈àß‚∫√“≥ ∂“π 1. Knowledge Training on Historical Art Site and Mural Paintings (Hoop-Tam) Conservation »‘≈ª°√√¡∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ·≈–¿“殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) §«“¡‡ªìπ¡“ µ”∫≈¥ß∫—ß·Ààßπ’È¡’·À≈àß‚∫√“≥ ∂“π»‘≈ª°√√¡ ´÷Ëߢ÷Èπ∑–‡∫’¬π‚¥¬°√¡»‘≈ª“°√·≈⫵—Èß·µà ªï 2547 ®”π«π 2 À≈—ߥ⫬°—π §◊Õ «—¥‚æ∏“√“¡·≈–«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√ ™“«∫â“π à«π„À≠à ‰¡à¡§’ «“¡√Ÿ¥â “â π°“√Õπÿ√°— …å‚∫√“≥ ∂“π»‘≈ª°√√¡ ª√–‡¿∑π’·È ≈–°Á‰¡à∑√“∫«à“‡¡◊ÕË ¢÷πÈ ∑–‡∫’¬π·≈â« Àπà«¬ß“π„¥ ‡ªìπºŸ√â ∫— º‘¥™Õ∫‚¥¬µ√ß ·≈–¿“¬„µâ°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫„¥∑’ÕË πÿ≠“µ „Àâ™ÿ¡™π‰¥â¡’‚Õ°“ ‡¢â“¡“¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√Õπÿ√—°…å·À≈àß ‚∫√“≥ ∂“π»‘≈ª°√√¡¢Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ‰¥â∫â“ß §«“¡‰¡à√Ÿâ·≈– §«“¡‡¢â“„®§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕππ’È ®÷ß∑”„Àâ™ÿ¡™π‡°‘¥§«“¡‰¡à·πà„® ·≈â«≈ߧ«“¡‡ÀÁπ√à«¡°—π«à“§«√®—¥„Àâ¡°’ “√Õ∫√¡ °“√„À⧫“¡√Ÿâ ‡√◊ËÕß·π«∑“ß°“√Õπÿ√—°…å‚∫√“≥ ∂“π ·≈–¿“殑µ√°√√¡ Ω“ºπ—ߢÕß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ √«¡∑—È߇√◊ËÕß°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß °—∫°“√Õπÿ√—°…å‚∫√“≥ ∂“πÕ◊ËπÊ „Àâ·°à™ÿ¡™π‰¥â‡¢â“„® ‡æ◊ËÕ ª√–‚¬™πåµàÕ°“√√—°…“„À⬗Ë߬◊πµàÕ‰ª ·≈–°√–µÿâπ„À⇰‘¥ ®‘µ ”π÷°„π§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß°“√Õπÿ√°— …å·À≈àß‚∫√“≥ ∂“π∑âÕß∂‘πË „Àâ¬◊ππ“π ◊∫‰ª™—Ë«≈Ÿ°™—Ë«À≈“π °“√¥”‡π‘π°“√
Background Dong Bang Sub-district has two historical art sites that have been registered to Fine Arts Department since 2004, called Wat Pho Tharam and Wat Pa-Rerai. Most of the villagers hadnût obtained enough knowledge to conserve these two sites. They also, didnût know to whom the sites are registered, what regulations they are under, and which parts of the sites that they are allowed into, regarding their conservation, access. Because of the lack of the information provided to them they agreed to set up training local people on ways to conserve the two historical art sites, and include tutorials about the regulation and obligation in conserving them, and encouraging people in their generation and the next to realize the true value of the local sites.
Procedures
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√».∏’√™—¬ ∫ÿ≠¡“∏√√¡ À—«Àπâ“‚§√ß°“√ ™’È·®ß‚§√ß°“√œ ·≈–·π–π”«‘∑¬“°√
Picture 1 Associate Professor Theerachai Boonmatham, the project leader explained the project and introduced the guest speaker to villagers.
°“√Õπÿ√—°…忓殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) „π®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ The Conservation of Mural Paintings (Hoop - Tam) in Maha Sarakham Province (Northeast Thailand)
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√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕߺŸâ‡¢â“√—∫°“√Õ∫√¡ Picture 2 Some of the trainee participants took a group photo.
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§ÿ≥∑»æ√ »√’ ¡“π À—«Àπâ“æ‘æ‘∏¿—≥± ∂“π·Ààß™“µ‘√âÕ¬‡ÕÁ¥ π”™ÿ¡™π ”√«®∫√‘‡«≥‚∫ ∂å ‚æ∏“√“¡ ‡æ◊ËÕµ√«® Õ∫√àÕß√Õ¬§«“¡‡ ◊ËÕ¡‚∑√¡
Picture 3 Mr. Thosaphon Srisaman, director of Roi-Et National museum, led people in the community to survey around simûs Wat Pho Tharam area to check the deterioration of the temple.
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§√“∫ °ª√°∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°¡Ÿ≈¢Õßπ°æ‘√“∫ ·≈–®‘Èß®° (∫√‘‡«≥≈Ÿ°»√™’È) µ“¡‡ “ ¢◊ËÕ‰¡â ·≈–∫√‘‡«≥‚¥¬√Õ∫ ™“«∫â“π “¡“√∂∑”‡Õ߉¥â à«π∑’˺π—ß ¡’ŒŸª·µâ¡ ‡ªìπ∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë™“«∫â“π ‰¡à “¡“√∂∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥‰¥â µâÕߢՄÀâ °√¡»‘≈ª“°√¡“¥”‡π‘π°“√
Picture 4 Pigeonsû feces, dust on rafters and buttress (as shown by the red arrows). The villagers are able to care to the outer of the Sims area, but mural paintings are the responsibility of the Fine Arts Department.
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°“√Õπÿ√—°…忓殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) „π®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ The Conservation of Mural Paintings (Hoop - Tam) in Maha Sarakham Province (Northeast Thailand)
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· ¥ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡‘∑—»πå‚¥¬√Õ∫ ´÷Ëß¡’µâπ‰¡â„À≠à §«√µ—¥·µàß„À⇪ìπ∑√ßæÿà¡¢π“¥‡≈Á° ´÷Ëß®– ‰¡à‰ª‡ªìπªí≠À“µàÕµ—«‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß‚∫∂ å „πÕ𓧵
Picture 5 The guest speaker was giving advice about the maintainability of the Sim, which have big trees that should be cut to shape. So as to not affect the Simûs structures in the future.
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∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’°“√·µ°√â“« °“√∑√ÿ¥µ—« ·≈–¡’ ·¡≈߇¢â“∑”√—ß ≈—°…≥–‡™àππ’È™ÿ¡™π “¡“√∂ ·®â߉ª∑’Ë°√¡»‘≈ª“°√ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ¡“´àÕ¡·´¡ ‡√àߥà«π ‚¥¬„™âß∫摇»…¢Õß°√¡»‘≈ª“°√
Picture 6 The area which has been circled in this picture has cracked and joined together from nestling of insects. Such problems, the villagers can report to Fine Arts Department to fix by using the expense from the special funds.
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À“°æ∫√Õ¬À≈— ß §“√—Ë « À√◊ Õ ‰¡â ºÿ ‡ ≈Á ° πâ Õ ¬ À“°‰¡à à ß º≈°√–∑∫µà Õ ŒŸ ª ·µâ ¡ ™ÿ ¡ ™π “¡“√∂´àÕ¡·´¡À≈—ߧ“‡Õ߉¥â ‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß ·®âß°√¡»‘≈ª“°√
Picture 7 The guest speaker was explaining to the participants that the community should fix all small holes or issues of the Sim that might cause its deterioration, as long as the holes donût affect the Sim.This can be carried out without consulting the Fine Arts Department.
°“√Õπÿ√—°…忓殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) „π®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ The Conservation of Mural Paintings (Hoop - Tam) in Maha Sarakham Province (Northeast Thailand)
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∫√‘‡«≥√Õ∫ ‘¡ ™ÿ¡™π “¡“√∂¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“‰¥â‡Õß ‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕߢÕÕπÿ≠“µ°√¡»‘≈ª“°√ ‰¥â·°à °“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“§«“¡ –Õ“¥ °“√®—¥ «π‰¡âæ¡ÿà °“√µ—¥·µàßµâπ‰¡â„À≠à„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà„π ¿“æ∑’ˉ¡à‰ª °√–∑∫µàÕµ—«‚§√ß √â“ßÀ√◊ÕŒŸª·µâ¡
Picture 8 The outer area of Sim may also be looked after by the villagers without any permission from the Fine Arts Department.
º≈°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π ‚¥¬°“√√–¥¡§«“¡§‘¥ ‚¥¬·∫àߺŸâΩñ°Õ∫√¡‡ªìπ 2 °≈ÿà¡ ‰¥â·°à §◊Õ°≈ÿà¡ «—¥‚æ∏“√“¡ ·≈–«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√ 1. °≈ÿà¡ «—¥‚æ∏“√“¡ °≈ÿ¡à «—¥‚æ∏“√“¡ ‡ πÕ‡√◊ÕË ßªí≠À“∑’‡Ë °‘¥°—∫ ‘¡·≈–ŒŸª·µâ¡ æ√âÕ¡·π«∑“ß·°â‰¢ 𓬰—≥À“ ‚æ∏‘Ï欗§¶å ª√–∏“π°≈ÿà¡ π“¬π‘§¡ ‡°…‰∏ ß √Õߪ√–∏“π π“ß ÿ¿“æ√ æÿ∏‰∏ ß ‡≈¢“œ 1.1 ªí≠À“∑’Ëæ∫ 1. ¢’Èπ°æ‘√“∫ √â“ߧ«“¡ °ª√°„Àâ·°à ‘¡ 2. °”·æß√Õ∫πÕ°™”√ÿ¥ 3. À≈—ߧ“ ‘¡√—Ë« πÈ”√—Ë«‡«≈“Ωπµ° 4. ∞“π‡ “ ‘¡∫√‘‡«≥√–‡∫’¬ß·µ°√â“« 5. ŒŸª·µâ¡‡≈Õ–‡≈◊Õπ‰¡à™—¥‡®π 6. æ◊Èπ ‘¡·≈–ºπ—ß·µ°√â“«√Õ∫πÕ° 7. ‡°‘¥µ–‰§√àπÈ” À≠â“ «—™æ◊™ ∫√‘‡«≥ √Õ∫ ‘¡ 8. “¬‰ø™”√ÿ¥‰¡à‡ªìπ√–‡∫’¬∫ 9. ™“«∫â “ π¬— ß ‰¡à ‡ ¢â “ „®‡√◊Ë Õ ß√“«„π ŒŸª·µâ¡ 10. ∏“µÿ∫√√®ÿÕ∞— ‘ ∫¥∫—ß∑—»π’¬¿“æ¢Õß Õÿ‚∫ ∂å
The brainstorming achievements The training of participants were divided into 2 groups: Wat Pho Tharam group and Wat Pa-Rerai group. 1. Wat Pho Tharam group presented the problem of which occur with Sim and Hoop-Tam together with the solutions: Mr. Kanha Phophayak Group Leader Mr. Nikom Kettaisong Deputy Leader Mrs. Suphaphon Budhaisong Secretary 1.1 Problems Highlighted were: 1. Birdûs feces on Sims. 2. Deterioration of the outer walls. 3. The Simûs roof has been leaking when it rains. 4. Damaged balcony, slanting poles. 5. Hoop-Tam (Mural Paintings) were faded. 6. Damaged walls and floors. 7. Lichens, grass, un wanted flora around the Sim. 8. Untidy and Damaged wires. 9. The villagers lack the knowledge behind the Hoop-Tam. 10. The Sim is hidden from view by the pagoda remains.
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°“√Õπÿ√—°…忓殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) „π®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ The Conservation of Mural Paintings (Hoop - Tam) in Maha Sarakham Province (Northeast Thailand)
1.2 ªí≠À“∑’Ë™“«∫â“π·°â‰¢‰¥â‡Õß‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß ¢ÕÕπÿ≠“µ°√¡»‘≈ª“°√ ‰¥â·°à 1. ¢’Èπ°æ‘√“∫ √â“ߧ«“¡ °ª√°„Àâ·°à ‘¡ 2. °”·æß√Õ∫πÕ°™”√ÿ¥ 3. ∞“π‡ “ ‘¡∫√‘‡«≥√–‡∫’¬ß·µ°√â“« 4. ‡°‘¥µ–‰§√àπÈ” À≠â“ «—™æ◊™ ∫√‘‡«≥ √Õ∫ ‘¡ 5. “¬‰ø™”√ÿ¥‰¡à‡ªìπ√–‡∫’¬∫ 6. ∏“µÿ∫√√®ÿÕ—∞‘ ∫¥∫—ß∑—»π’¬¿“æ¢Õß Õÿ‚∫ ∂å 1.3 √ÿª«‘∏·’ °â‰¢ªí≠À“·≈–·π«∑“ß°“√æ—≤π“ 1. „™âµ“¢à“¬¥—°π° ∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥ ‚§√ß √â“ß ‡™àπ ‡ “ ¢◊ËÕ ∫√‘‡«≥‚¥¬√Õ∫∑’Ë¡’ŒŸª·µâ¡ 2. °”·æß™”√ÿ¥ µâÕß √â“ß„À¡à 3. À≈—ߧ“√—Ë« ´àÕ¡‡©æ“– à«π∑’Ë™”√ÿ¥ 4. ´àÕ¡‡ √‘¡√–‡∫’¬ß 5. ŒŸª·µâ¡‡≈Õ–‡≈◊Õπ‰¡à™—¥‡®π ‰¡à “¡“√∂°√–∑”°“√„¥Ê ‰¥â 6. æ◊Èπ ‘¡·≈–ºπ—ß·µ°√â“«√Õ∫πÕ° “¡“√∂∑ÿ∫·≈â«´àÕ¡·´¡„À¡à 7. ‡°‘¥µ–‰§√àπÈ” À≠â“ «—™æ◊™ ∫√‘‡«≥ ‚¥¬√Õ∫ ‘¡ ∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥·≈–°”®—¥«—™æ◊™‰¥â 8. “¬‰ø™”√ÿ¥‰¡à‡ªìπ√–‡∫’¬∫ ®—¥À“ ™à“߇¥‘𠓬‰ø„À¡à 9. ™“«∫â “ π¬— ß ‰¡à ‡ ¢â “ „®‡√◊Ë Õ ß√“«„π ŒŸª·µâ¡ §«√‡™‘≠ºŸâ√Ÿâ¡“„À⧫“¡√Ÿâ 10. ∏“µÿ∫√√®ÿÕ—∞‘ ∫¥∫—ß∑—»π’¬¿“æ¢Õß Õÿ‚∫ ∂å ¢Õ§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ¬â“¬ÕÕ°®“°∫√‘‡«≥ ·≈–Àâ“¡ √â“߇æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡Õ’°
1.2 Problems that can be solved by villagers without the Fine Arts Departmentûs permission: 1. Birdûs feces on Sims 2. Deterioration on the outer walls. 3. Damaged balcony, slanting poles. 4. Lichens, grass, other unwanted flora around the Sim. 5. Untidy and Damaged wires. 6. The Sim is hidden from view by the pagoda remains 1.3 Solutions summary 1. Use the nets to catch birds and clean Hoop-Tam surrounding the areas: slant poles and crossbeam. 2. If the wall is broken, have it fixed. 3. Fix the leaking roof area. 4. Fix the balconies. 5. If Hoop-Tam are faded, they should not be fixed by the villagers. 6. Simûs floor is crack, it needs to be repaired. 7. Clean up the lichens, grass, and other unwanted flora around the Sim. 8. Obtain an electrician to fix the untidy and damaged wires. 9. Invite specialists in Hoop-Tam Paintings to give knowledge to the localized communities. 10. The pagoda remains are not allowed to be extended to the building around the Sim. The existing one should be discussed by the people in the local community.
°“√Õπÿ√—°…忓殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) „π®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ The Conservation of Mural Paintings (Hoop - Tam) in Maha Sarakham Province (Northeast Thailand)
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°“√√–¥¡§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ√à«¡°—π¢Õß°≈ÿà¡ «—¥‚æ∏“√“¡
Picture 9 A group brainstorming at Wat Pho Tharam
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µ—«·∑π°≈ÿà¡«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡ ‰¥â‡ πÕªí≠À“ ·≈–·π«∑“ß·°â‰¢
Picture 10 Representatives from Wat Pho Tharam and Wat Pa-Rerai showed some problems and how to solve them.
2. Wat Pa-Rerai group presented the problems 2. °≈ÿà¡«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√ °≈ÿà¡«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√ ‰¥â‡ πÕªí≠À“∑’ˇ°‘¥°—∫ ‘¡·≈– which occur with the Sims and Hoop-Tam together with the solutions. ŒŸª·µâ¡ æ√âÕ¡·π«∑“ß·°â‰¢ ‚¥¬¡’ Mr. Kamlai Sriwiset Group Leader 𓬧”„À≈ »√’«‘‡»… ª√–∏“π°≈ÿà¡ Mr. Phat Koomphaithoon Deputy Leader π“¬º—¥ §ÿ⡉江√¬å √Õߪ√–∏“π Mr. Sathian Budhaisong Secretary 𓬇 ∂’¬√ æÿ∏‰∏ ß ‡≈¢“ Wat Pa-Rerai (Rerai means the sound of crickets) «—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√ (À¡“¬∂÷ß ®—°®—Ëπ ’πÈ”µ“≈ µ—«ºŸâ¡’Õ«—¬«– 摇»…∑”„À⇰‘¥‡ ’¬ß Ÿß-µË” °—ß«“π ≈—∫°—π‰ªÀ≈“¬√–¥—∫) 2.1 Problems which are commonly found: 2.1 ªí≠À“∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫µ—« ‘¡·≈–ŒŸª·µâ¡ 1. The Sim is located on a salt soil area 1. ∫√‘‡«≥æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’˵—Èß ‘¡ ‡ªìπ¥‘π‡°≈◊Õ 2. Leaking roof. 2. À≈—ߧ“√—Ë« πÈ”√—Ë«≈ßæ◊Èπ ‘¡ 3. Damaged balcony and slanting poles. 3. √–‡∫’¬ß ‘¡ºÿæß— ªŸπÀ¡¥ ¿“æ ‡ “‡Õ’¬ß 4. Termites destroying the rafters 4. ∞“π‡ “ ‘ ¡ ∫√‘ ‡ «≥√–‡∫’ ¬ ß·µ°√â “ « ª≈«°∑”≈“¬‡ “‰¡â
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°“√Õπÿ√—°…忓殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) „π®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ The Conservation of Mural Paintings (Hoop - Tam) in Maha Sarakham Province (Northeast Thailand)
5. ŒŸª·µâ¡‡≈Õ–‡≈◊Õπ‰¡à™—¥‡®π ¡’ΩÿÉπ®—∫ 6. π°∑”√—ß„π ‘¡ ¢’Èπ°∑”§«“¡ °ª√°·°à
5. Hoop-Tam is faded and dusty 6. Birdûs feces and dust make the Sims
‘¡
obscured.
2.2 ·π«∑“ß°“√Õπÿ√—°…å 1. √â “ ߇§√◊ Õ ¢à “ ¬„Àâ § «“¡√Ÿâ · °à ™ÿ ¡ ™π„Àâ ∑√“∫∂÷ß°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß 2. √â“ß®‘µ ”π÷°·≈–ª≈Ÿ°Ωíß„À⇬“«™π√Ÿâ∂÷ß §ÿ≥§à“¢ÕߌŸª·µâ¡ 3. ·°–¿“挟ª·µâ¡ √â“ßÀπ—ßµ–≈ÿß ‡æ◊ËÕ à߇ √‘¡°“√Õπÿ√—°…匟ª·µâ¡ ‚¥¬¡’ π“¬∫ÿ≠≈’ æ≈§”¡“° ·≈–π“¬º—¥ §ÿ⡉江√¬å ‡ªìπ·°ππ”„π°“√®—¥∑” 4. °≈ÿà¡·¡à∫â“π °≈ÿà¡ªí°ºâ“ √â“ßß“πªí°ºâ“ ‚¥¬„™âŒŸª·µâ¡‡ªìπ·¡à·∫∫ ‚¥¬¡’ π“ß«√√≥¿“ π“ß∑Õß “ π“ß ÿ°—≠≠“ ‡ªìπ·°ππ”„π°“√®—¥∑” 5. æ√– ß¶å ‡ªìπ·°ππ”„π°“√∂à“¬∑Õ¥ §«“¡√Ÿâ ¥â“π°“√Õà“πÕ—°…√∏√√¡ ‚¥¬§ÿ≥‡ ∂’¬√ æÿ∏‰∏ ß ‡ªìπºŸâª√– “πß“π 2.3 ‡√◊ËÕß∑’˪√“°Ø„πŒŸª·µâ¡∑’Ë™“«∫â“π‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª √—∫∑√“∫ 1. °“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µ¢Õß™“«∫â“𠇙àπ °“√ ≈à“ —µ«å °“√∑”π“ —µ«å∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â·°à π° °«“ß À¡ŸªÉ“ ª≈“ 2. ¿“ææÿ∑∏ª√–«—µ‘ ‡√◊ÕË ß√“«∑’‡Ë °’¬Ë «°—∫π√° «√√§å 3. ¿“æ√“¡‡°’¬√µ‘Ï æ√–≈—° æ√–≈“¡ 4. ¿“ææ√–‡« —π¥√™“¥° 5. ¿“æ°“√§â“¢“¬¢Õß™ÿ¡™π
2.2 Solutions 1. Build the knowledge network for the community to learn about the related laws. 2. Encourage the youth to realize the importance of Hoop-Tam Paintings. 3. Support the conservation by making Hoop-Tam as puppets under Mr. Boonlee Pholkammak and Mr. Phad Khumphaithun supervision. 4. Use Hoop-Tam in a housewife and silk weaving group under the supervision of Mrs. Wannapha, Mrs. Thongsa and Mrs. Sukanya. 5. Corporation to the Monks as sources of knowledge so they can teach how to read dharma alphabet by Mr. Sathian Budhaisong, the coordinator. 2.3 Stories which were appeared on Hoop-Tam Paintings 1. Villagersû way of life: hunting, farming and many other kinds of animals: birds, deer, wild pigs and fish; 2. Paintings about history of Buddha, hell and heaven; 3. Story of Ramayana; Phra Lak Phra Rama 4. Story of Vessantara Jataka; 5. Paintings of trading within the community.
°“√Õπÿ√—°…忓殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) „π®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ The Conservation of Mural Paintings (Hoop - Tam) in Maha Sarakham Province (Northeast Thailand)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 11
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°“√√–¥¡§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ¢Õß°≈ÿà¡«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√ ‡æ◊ËÕ§âπÀ“ “‡Àµÿ·≈–·π«∑“ß°“√·°â‰¢∑’Ë ‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫ ‘¡·≈–¿“殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß
Picture 11 A group brainstorming in Wat Pa-Rerai to find the causes and solutions about Sims and the mural paintings.
√Ÿª∑’Ë 12
µ—«·∑π°≈ÿà¡«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√ ‰¥â‡ πÕªí≠À“·≈– ·π«∑“ß°“√Õπÿ√—°…å
Picture 12 A representative from Wat Pa-Rerai was showing some problems and conservational procedures
78 :
°“√Õπÿ√—°…忓殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) „π®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ The Conservation of Mural Paintings (Hoop - Tam) in Maha Sarakham Province (Northeast Thailand)
√ÿªº≈®“°°“√‡¢â“Õ∫√¡ °“√Õπÿ√—°…å·À≈àß‚∫√“≥ Summary of the Workshop of Historical Arts Sites ∂“π»‘≈ª°√√¡ ·≈–¿“殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) ‡¡◊ËÕ and Mural Paintings (Hoop Tam) Conservation at Wat Pho «—π∑’Ë 28 ‡¡…“¬π 2551 ≥ «—¥‚æ∏“√“¡ ∫â“π¥ß∫—ß µ”∫≈ Tharam, Ban Dong Bang, Dong Bang Sub-district, Na Dun Distric, Maha Sarakham ¥ß∫—ß Õ”‡¿Õπ“¥Ÿπ ®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ °≈ÿà¡«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√
Wat Pa-Rerai Group
ªí≠À“∑’Ëæ∫∑’Ë ‘¡«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√
Problems found at Wat Pa-Reraiûs Sim
1. À≈—ߧ“√—Ë«‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ 2. √–‡∫’¬ß ‘¡ºÿæ—ß ªŸπÀ¡¥ ¿“æ ‡ “‡Õ’¬ß 3. π°∑”√—ß ·≈–¡’¢’Èπ°∫√‘‡«≥§“π ‡ “ 4. ª≈«°°—¥°‘π‡ “‰¡â 5. æ◊Èπ∑’˵—ÈߢÕß ‘¡‡ªìπ¥‘π‡°≈◊Õ 6. ŒŸª·µâ¡‡≈Õ–‡≈◊Õπ¥â«¬ΩÿÉπ·≈–¢’Èπ° 7. ™“«∫â“πÕà“πµ—«Àπ—ß ◊Õ∫πΩ“ºπ—߉¡à‰¥â
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Leaking roof Damaged balcony, slanting poles Bird nests and feces on rafters and buttress Termites destroying the rafters The Sim is located on salt soil area Dust and birdûs feces on Hoop Tam The Villagers cannot read or understand what the language means written on the walls.
·π«∑“ß·°â‰¢
How to solve
1. ¢âÕ∑’Ë 1, 2, 3, 4 ™ÿ¡™π “¡“√∂ª√—∫ª√ÿß ∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥·≈–´àÕ¡·´¡‰¥â 2. ¢âÕ∑’Ë 5, 6 ™ÿ¡™πµâÕß·®âß·≈–ª√÷°…“ ”π—°»‘≈ª“°√ ∑’Ë 9 ¢Õπ·°àπ 3. ¢âÕ∑’Ë 7 ‡√’¬π∂“¡À≈«ßæàÕ≈ÿ𠇮â“Õ“«“ «—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√ ·≈–ºŸâ√ŸâÕ◊ËπÊ
1. Problem 1,2,3,4 can be fixed, improved, and cleaned by the community 2. Problem 5, 6 should report to Fine Arts Office 9th, Khon Kean, and consult with them 3. Problem 7, Abbot Loon Dharmadhalo at Wat PaRerai and other local specialists in epigraph should read these ancient languages.
°“√Õπÿ√—°…忓殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) „π®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ The Conservation of Mural Paintings (Hoop - Tam) in Maha Sarakham Province (Northeast Thailand)
°≈ÿà¡«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡
Wat Pho Tharam Group
ªí≠À“∑’Ëæ∫∑’Ë ‘¡«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡
Problems found at Wat Pho Tharamûs Sim
1. µ–‰§√àπÈ” À≠â“ «—™æ◊™ ∫√‘‡«≥√Õ∫Ê ‘¡ 2. °”·æß√Õ∫πÕ°™”√ÿ¥ 3. “¬‰ø™”√ÿ¥ À≈—ߧ“√—Ë«‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ 4. ¢’Èπ° §√“∫ °ª√°∫√‘‡«≥§“π ·≈–‡ “ 5. ∏“µÿ∫√√®ÿÕ—∞‘ ∫¥∫—ß∑—»π’¬¿“æ¢Õß ‘¡ 6. ¢’Èπ° ·≈–§√“∫ °ª√°∑’Ë∑”„À⌟ª·µâ¡‡≈Õ–‡≈◊Õπ 7. æ◊Èπ ‘¡ ·≈–ºπ—ß·µ°√â“« 8. À≈—ߧ“√—Ë« Õ¬“°‡ª≈’ˬπÀ≈—ߧ“„À¡à 9. ™“«∫â“π‰¡à‡¢â“„®‡√◊ËÕß√“«„πŒŸª·µâ¡
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
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Lichens, grass, other unwanted flora around the Sim Deteriorated on the outer walls Damaged wire, and leaking roof Birdûs feces and dust on rafters and buttress The Sim is hidden from view by the pagoda remains Birdûs feces and dust make Hoop-Tam obscured Damaged walls and floors Oozing roof, in need of renewing Villagers donût understand the stories behind the Hoop-Tam
·π«∑“ß·°â‰¢
How to solve
1. ¢âÕ∑’Ë 1, 2, 3, 4 ™ÿ¡™π “¡“√∂∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥‰¥â‡≈¬ 2. ¢âÕ∑’Ë 5 ‰¡à§«√ √â“߇æ‘Ë¡ à«π∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà‡¥‘¡„Àâ™ÿ¡™π æ‘®“√≥“√à«¡°—π«à“®–∑”Õ¬à“߉√ 3. ¢âÕ∑’Ë 6, 7, 8 ™ÿ¡™πµâÕß·®â߉ª¬—ß ”π—°»‘≈ª“°√∑’Ë 9 ¢Õπ·°àπ ‡æ◊ËÕ¢Õ§”ª√÷°…“ ∂Ⓡªìπ‡√◊ËÕß„À≠à·≈– ‡√àߥà«π °√¡»‘≈ª“°√®–¡’ß∫ª√–¡“≥„Àâ 4. ¢âÕ∑’Ë 9 ‡™‘≠«‘∑¬“°√¡“„À⧫“¡√Ÿâ·°à™ÿ¡™π
1. Problem 1, 2, 3, 4 can be cleaned by the local community. 2. Problem 5, the pagoda remains are not allowed to be extended from the building to around the Sim. The existing one should be discussed by the people in the community. 3. Problem 6, 7, 8 should report to Fine Arts Department Khon Kaen Regional Office 9th, for some suggestion if the issues are serious and needs to be immediately solved under the Fine Arts Departmentû budget support. 4. Problem 9 should invite specialists in these ancient languages and guest speakers to educate the local communities.
∫∑ √ÿªπ’È ∑“ß‚§√ß°“√œ ‰¥â®—¥∑”ªÑ“¬À‘π·°√π‘µ Finally, there are 2 granite blocks sized 40é. wide ¢π“¥ 40 ´¡. X 80 ´¡. ®”π«π 2 ªÑ“¬ ¡Õ∫„Àâ™ÿ¡™π x 80é cm long that are carved the summaries from the ‡æ◊ËÕ√à«¡°—πæ‘®“√≥“µ‘¥µ—ÈßÕ¬à“ß∂“«√ µ√ß∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡µàÕ‰ª meeting located at Wats.