Accounting What the Numbers Mean David Marshall 12th Edition – Test Bank

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Sample Test Accounting – What the Numbers Mean, 12e (Marshall) Chapter 3 Fundamental Interpretations Made from Financial Statement Data

1) Financial statement ratios support informed judgments and decision making most effectively: 1. A) when viewed for a single year.

2. B) when viewed as a trend of entity data.

3. C) when compared to an industry average for the most recent year.

4. D) when the trend of entity data is compared to the trend of industry data.

2) When comparing entity financial ratios with industry ratios:

1. A) it should be assumed that the data result from the consistent application of alternative accounting methods.

2. B) relative values at a point in time may not be significant.

3. C) the trend of entity ratios should be compared to the current year’s industry ratio.

4. D) entity ratios should not be compared with industry ratios.

3) The return on investment measure of performance: 1. A) is never as important a measure of management effectiveness as the amount of net income.

2. B) relates dividends paid to the entity’s assets.

3. C) is calculated using net income as the amount of return.

4. D) is calculated by dividing average assets for a period by the amount of net income for the period.

4) Another term for return on investment is: 1. A) Return on equity.

2. B) Return on assets.

3. C) Return on retained earnings.

4. D) Return to sender.

5) The return on investment measure of performance: 1. A) is relevant only to business enterprises.

2. B) is used by individuals to compare investment performance.

3. C) is calculated using sales as the amount of return.

4. D) is calculated using total assets at the beginning of the period as the amount of investment.

6) An advantage of the DuPont model for calculating ROI is that: 1. A) it focuses on asset utilization as well as net income.

2. B) it is easier to use than the straightforward ROI formula.

3. C) it uses average assets and the straightforward ROI formula does not.

4. D) it uses average stockholders’ equity.

7) Around Square, Inc. had an ROI of 12.5%, turnover of 5.0, and sales of $8 million for the year. Around Square’s margin for the year was: 1. A) $1,000,000 2. B) 2.5% 3. C) 4.0% 4. D) $1,600,000

8) Mamba Metals, Inc. had an ROI of 12%, margin of 3%, and sales of $20 million for the year. Mamba’s turnover for the year was: 3. A) 3.0 4. B) 4.0 5. C) 36% 6. D) $600,000

9) Rotablade’s net income was $600,000 on sales of $24 million for the year.

Average assets for the year were $8 million. For the year: 3. A) margin was 4%, turnover was 3.0, and ROI was 12%.

4. B) margin was 2.5%, turnover was 2.0, and ROI was 5%.

5. C) margin was 4%, turnover was 2.0, and ROI was 8%.

6. D) margin was 2.5%, turnover was 3.0, and ROI was 7.5%

10) United Machining’s margin was 2% and turnover was 3.0 on sales of $60 million for the year. On the basis on this information: 1. A) net income for the year was $3,600,000, average assets were $20 million, and ROI was 2%.

2. B) net income for the year was $1,200,000, average assets were $10 million, and ROI was 2%.

3. C) net income for the year was $1,200,000, average assets were $20 million, and ROI was 6%.

4. D) net income for the year was $3,600,000, average assets were $10 million, and ROI was 6%.

11) Mechforce Manufacturing’s net income was $420,000 on sales of $14 million. Average assets for the year were $10 million. Margin for the year was: 1. A) 1.4 2. B) 1.8 3. C) 3.0% 4. D) 4.2%

12) Mechforce Manufacturing’s net income was $420,000 on sales of $14 million. Average assets for the year were $10 million. Turnover for the year was: 1. A) 1.4 2. B) 1.8 3. C) 3.0% 4. D) 4.2%

13) Mechforce Manufacturing’s net income was $420,000 on sales of $14 million. Average assets for the year were $10 million. ROI for the year was: 1. A) 1.4 2. B) 1.8 3. C) 3.0% 4. D) 4.2%

14) Yellowday Energy’s margin was 3% and turnover was 4.0 on sales of $50 million for the year. Net income for the year was: 1. A) $500,000 2. B) $1,500,000 3. C) $2,000,000 4. D) $6,000,000

15) Yellowday Energy’s margin was 3% and turnover was 4.0 on sales of $50 million for the year. Average assets for the year were: 1. A) $1,500,000 2. B) $6,000,000 3. C) $12,500,000 4. D) $20,000,000

16) Yellowday Energy’s margin was 3% and turnover was 4.0 on sales of $50 million for the year. ROI for the year was: 3. A) 3.0% 4. B) 4.0% 5. C) 12.0% 6. D) 12.5%

17) Another term for return on equity is: 1. A) return on investment.

2. B) return on assets.

3. C) return on retained earnings.

4. D) none of these.

18) Return on equity: 1. A) will be the same as return on investment.

2. B) relates dividends and turnover.

3. C) relates dividends and stockholders’ equity.

4. D) relates net income and stockholders’ equity.

19) ZeroFued’s net income for the year was $300,000. Average assets totaled $2 million, and average liabilities totaled $500,000. Return on equity (ROE) was: 1. A) 12% 2. B) 15% 3. C) 20% 4. D) 60%

20) Compoform’s net income for the year was $320,000. Average liabilities totaled $1.6 million and average stockholders’ equity totaled $2.4 million.

Return on investment (ROI) was: 8. A) 8.0% 9. B) 13.3% 10.

C) 20.0%

11.

D) 40.0%

21) Which of the following is not usually considered a measure of an entity’s liquidity?

1. A) Current ratio.

2. B) Acid­test ratio.

3. C) Cash ratio.

4. D) Working capital.

22) A current ratio of 6.0 is usually an indication that the firm: 1. A) has a low degree of liquidity.

2. B) has a reasonable degree of liquidity.

3. C) has not made the most productive use of its assets.

4. D) has made the most productive use of its assets.

23) For a firm that presently has a current ratio of 2.0, the effect on this ratio of paying a current liability is that it: 1. A) raises the current ratio.

2. B) lowers the current ratio.

3. C) doesn’t affect the current ratio.

4. D) depends on the amount paid.

24) Which of the following is a universally accepted measure of profitability?

1. A) Return on investment.

2. B) Return on retained earnings.

3. C) Return on liabilities.

4. D) All of these.

25) If a firm borrowed money on a six­month bank loan, the firm’s working capital immediately after obtaining the loan, relative to its working capital just prior to the loan, would be: 1. A) Higher.

2. B) Lower.

3. C) The same.

4. D) Would depend on the amount borrowed.

26) Which of the following accounts is part of working capital?

1. A) Retained Earnings 2. B) Sales 3. C) Merchandise Inventory 4. D) Common Stock

27) Financial ratios: 1. A) help financial statement users to evaluate the financial characteristics of companies by putting the large dollar amounts reported in financial statements into relative terms for comparison purposes.

2. B) provide for a more meaningful analysis when the trends of financial ratios for a company are compared to the industry average trends over a period of time.

3. C) Both of these statements are true.

4. D) Neither of these statements is true.

28) Presented below are the comparative balance sheets of Joe’s Garage, Inc., at December 31, 2020, and 2019. Sales for the year ended December 31, 2020, totaled $1,780,000.

JOE’S GARAGE, INC. Balance Sheets December 31, 2020, and 2019

2020

Assets

Cash

$

90,000

Accounts receivable

268,000

Merchandise inventory

402,000

Total current assets

$

760,000

Land

132,000

Plant and equipment

728,000

Less: Accumulated depreciation

(372,000

Total assets

$

1,248,000

Liabilities

Short­term debt

$

98,000

Accounts payable

184,000

Other accrued liabilities

128,000

Total current liabilities

$

410,000

Long­term debt

174,000

Total liabilities

$

584,000

Stockholders’ Equity

Common stock, no par, 100,000 shares authorized, 35,000 and 28,000 shares issued, respectively

$

204,000

Retained earnings:

Beginning balance

402,000

Net income for the year

148,000

Dividends for the year

(90,000

Ending balance

$

460,000

Total stockholders’ equity

$

664,000

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$

1,248,000

Required:

2020.

A) Calculate ROI for 2020.

2021.

B) Calculate ROE for 2020.

2022.

C) Calculate working capital at December 31, 2020.

2023.

D) Calculate the current ratio at December 31, 2020.

2024.

E) Calculate the acid­test ratio at December 31, 2020.

29) Attesson, Inc. has a current ratio of 1.9 and current assets of $136,800.

Required:

Calculate Attesson’s current liabilities and working capital.

30) 2R Designs has accounts receivable of $4,100, cash of $3,500, property, plant, and equipment of $30,200, merchandise inventory of $2,200, accounts payable of $5,700, other accrued liabilities of $1,300, common stock of $10,000, and retained earnings of $23,000.

Required:

Calculate 2R Designs’ working capital and current ratio.

31) One­Two­Tree Landscaping Services has net income of $18,000, sales of $300,000, and average total assets of $125,000.

Required:

Calculate One­Two­Tree’s margin, turnover, and return on investment (ROI).

32) NTO Designs has a margin of 7%, turnover of 1.2, and sales of $2,100,000.

Required:

Calculate NTO Designs’ net income, average total assets, and return on investment (ROI).

33) FGT Motorsports had net assets at the end of the year of $320,000. The only transactions affecting stockholders’ equity during the year were net income of $51,000 and dividends of $11,000.

Required:

Calculate FGT Motorsports’ average stockholders’ equity and return on equity (ROE).

Accounting – What the Numbers Mean, 12e (Marshall) Chapter 5 Accounting for and Presentation of Current Assets

1) The current assets of most companies are usually made up of: 1. A) assets that are currently used in the operations of the company.

2. B) cash and assets expected to be converted to cash within a year.

3. C) a very small proportion (less than 10%) of the total assets of the entity.

4. D) cash, marketable securities, and accounts and notes receivable.

2) Which of the following is the correct balance sheet presentation for current assets?

1. A) Cash, inventories, account receivables, prepaid expenses.

2. B) Cash equivalents, cash, other current assets, accounts receivable.

3. C) Cash, accounts receivable, inventories, prepaid expenses, other current assets.

4. D) Marketable securities, cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses.

3) The principal reason for reconciling the cash balance per books with the balance shown on the bank statement is to: 1. A) determine the amount of cash in the account actually available to the entity.

2. B) satisfy generally accepted accounting principles.

3. C) verify the amount of petty cash on hand.

4. D) determine whether or not the entity has issued an NSF check.

4) For which of the following reconciling items would an adjusting entry be necessary on the company’s books?

1. A) A deposit in transit.

2. B) An error by the bank.

3. C) Outstanding checks.

4. D) A bank service charge.

5) When a manufacturer invests in short­term marketable securities: 1. A) the return on investment is more important than the risk involved.

2. B) the securities are likely to have a maturity date more than a year in the future.

3. C) the market value of the securities is likely to fluctuate significantly.

4. D) risk avoidance is of great importance.

6) A cash equivalent is a current asset that: 1. A) will be converted to cash within one year.

2. B) will be converted to cash within one month.

3. C) is readily convertible into cash with a minimal risk.

4. D) is readily convertible into cash with a substantial risk.

7) The accounting concept or principle applied when the cost of short­term marketable securities is adjusted to market value is: 1. A) objectivity.

2. B) matching revenue and expense.

3. C) original cost.

4. D) consistency.

8) The accrual of interest on short­term marketable securities results in: 1. A) an increase in current assets and a decrease in net income.

2. B) an increase in current assets and an increase in net income.

3. C) an increase in noncurrent assets and an increase in liabilities.

4. D) an increase in current liabilities and an increase in net income.

9) The accounting concept or principle applied when an allowance is provided for estimated uncollectible accounts receivable is: 1. A) consistency.

2. B) matching revenue and expense.

3. C) original cost.

4. D) objectivity.

10) The Allowance for Bad Debts account is a(n): 1. A) current asset.

2. B) contra current asset.

3. C) expense.

4. D) contra revenue.

11) Bad debt expense is recognized in the same accounting period as the revenue that is related to the receivable because: 1. A) the accounts receivable asset should be stated at original cost.

2. B) the exact amount of the losses from bad debts is known.

3. C) revenues should be stated at realizable value plus interest.

4. D) all expenses incurred in the current period should be subtracted from current period revenues.

12) When an uncollectible account receivable is written off against the Allowance for Bad Debts account: 1. A) total current assets decrease and expenses increase.

2. B) total current assets are not affected.

3. C) total current assets decrease and expenses decrease.

4. D) current assets decrease and expenses are not affected.

13) With respect to the write­off of an uncollectible account receivable against the Allowance for Bad Debts account, a sound system of internal control would require: 1. A) the write­off be approved by two employees.

2. B) an investigation of why credit was extended to this customer in the first place.

3. C) a lawsuit to be initiated to recover the uncollectible amount.

4. D) the write­off to be made within six months after the date of sale.

14) An organization’s system of internal control is designed primarily to: 1. A) ensure that no employees steal the organization’s property.

2. B) increase efficiency by letting one employee handle all aspects of a transaction from beginning to end.

3. C) ensure that the organization’s balance sheet will always balance.

4. D) provide an operating framework for all employees as they work to achieve the organization’s goals.

15) If an organization purchases $3,000 of supplies on account, with terms of 2/10, n30: 1. A) $2,880 must be paid within 10 days of the invoice date.

2. B) $2,994 must be paid within 30 days of the invoice date.

3. C) $2,940 can be paid within 10 days of the invoice date, or $3,000 must be paid within 30 days of the invoice date.

4. D) $2,940 can be paid within 10 days of the invoice date, or $3,060 must be paid within 30 days of the invoice date.

16) Trading and Available­for­Sale securities are reported on the balance sheet at: 1. A) net realizable value.

2. B) historical cost.

3. C) weighted average cost.

4. D) market value.

17) Which of the following is(are) a category for securities?

1. A) Trading.

2. B) Held­to­maturity.

3. C) Available­for­sale.

4. D) All of the answers are correct.

18) When a firm uses the LIFO inventory cost flow assumption: 1. A) ending inventory will be greater than if FIFO were used.

2. B) net income will be greater than if FIFO were used.

3. C) cost of goods sold will be the same as if FIFO were used.

4. D) better matching of revenue and expense is achieved than under FIFO.

19) Accounts receivable are reported at: 1. A) net realizable value.

2. B) historical cost.

3. C) weighted average cost.

4. D) market value.

20) An accounts receivable results from the sale of: 1. A) property, plant, and equipment for cash.

2. B) goods and services to customers on account.

3. C) goods and services to customers for cash.

4. D) the firm’s common stock.

21) The principal reason for converting a customer’s account receivable to a note receivable is:

1. A) the note receivable earns interest and the account receivable does not.

2. B) the receivable is less likely to have to be written off as uncollectible.

3. C) working capital is immediately increased.

4. D) the customer is more likely to continue purchasing the company’s products.

22) The inventory cost flow assumption describes the flow of product cost: 1. A) from the warehouse to the customer.

2. B) from the asset (inventory) account and to the expense (cost of goods sold) account.

3. C) from the revenue (sales) account and to the expense (cost of goods sold) account.

4. D) from the asset (inventory) account and to the revenue (sales) account.

23) One inventory cost flow assumption will result in different cost of goods sold from another inventory cost flow assumption only if: 1. A) inventory quantities change from the beginning to end of the year.

2. B) a new product is added to inventory during the year.

3. C) the cost of inventory items changes during the year.

4. D) price levels do not change during the year.

24) When costs are rising over time:

1. A) LIFO results in higher profits that FIFO. 2. B) cost of goods sold using the weighted average method will be greater than LIFO cost of goods sold.

3. C) ending inventory balances will be greater under LIFO. 4. D) FIFO results in higher profits than LIFO.

25) In an inflationary economic environment, the selling price set for a firm’s products will: 1. A) not be affected by the cost flow assumption used.

2. B) be higher if LIFO is used than if FIFO is used.

3. C) be higher if FIFO is used than if LIFO is used.

4. D) be derived from the weighted average cost of inventory.

26) One of the principal reasons for selecting the LIFO cost flow assumption instead of the FIFO cost flow assumption in an inflationary economic environment is that: 1. A) net income will be higher.

2. B) income taxes will be lower.

3. C) balance sheet inventory values will be higher.

4. D) a higher selling price can be established.

27) The balance sheet valuation of inventories is: 1. A) lower of cost or market.

2. B) lower of selling price or cost.

3. C) lower of realizable value or selling price.

4. D) cost, regardless of the cost of replacing the inventory.

28) Which of the following inventory accounting systems has been made much more feasible as a result of computer systems developments?

1. A) Periodic.

2. B) Physical.

3. C) Perpetual.

4. D) Punctual.

29) The effect of an error resulting in an understatement of ending inventory is to: 1. A) overstate the next period’s beginning inventory.

2. B) understate cost of goods sold of the current period.

3. C) overstate cost of goods sold of the current period.

4. D) overstate operating expenses of the current period.

30) Which of the following is true regarding notes receivables?

1. A) A notes receivable is always a long­term asset.

2. B) A notes receivable is always a current asset.

3. C) A note is a more formal document than an account receivable.

4. D) A note is a less formal document than an account receivable.

31) Regardless of the inventory cost flow assumption used, inventories on the balance sheet are stated at: 1. A) original cost.

2. B) realizable value.

3. C) replacement cost.

4. D) the lower of cost or market.

32) Prepaid expenses classified as current assets represent: 1. A) current year expenses that have been accrued.

2. B) cash payments in the current year that will be recognized as expenses and matched against revenues of the next year.

3. C) cash that has been segregated to pay for future expenses.

4. D) expenses of the current year that have been paid in advance.

33) The balance sheet presentation of accounts receivable net of the allowance for bad debts has the effect of stating accounts receivable at: 1. A) original cost.

2. B) net realizable value.

3. C) market value.

4. D) lower of cost or market.

34) A firm has used LIFO for several years during which costs have trended higher. The effect on 2020 net income using LIFO, relative to FIFO, will be: 1. A) net income for 2020 will be greater under LIFO than FIFO.

2. B) net income for 2020 will be less under LIFO than FIFO. 3. C) net income for 2020 will be the same under LIFO as under FIFO. 4. D) impossible to determine from the information given.

35) One of the most important reasons for having a system of internal control is to: 1. A) improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the operations of the organization.

2. B) ensure no employees have ever been convicted of fraud or embezzlement.

3. C) eliminate any temptations that may be presented to employees that could lead to theft from the company.

4. D) prevent a salesperson from using a company car for personal transportation.

36) A firm has used LIFO for several years during which costs have trended higher. If this firm achieves a substantial reduction in inventory quantities in 2020 by selling more merchandise than it purchases, the effect on 2020 net income of the inventory reduction (or LIFO liquidation), compared to having no change in inventory quantity from the beginning to the end of 2020, is: 1. A) net income for 2020 will be greater if the inventory quantity declines.

2. B) net income for 2020 will be less if the inventory quantity declines.

3. C) net income for 2020 will not be affected because of the inventory quantity decline.

4. D) impossible to determine from the information given.

37) The amount of cash related to a particular bank checking account that is shown on the balance sheet at December 31 is: 1. A) the cash balance shown on the bank’s records at the close of business on December 31, without further adjustments.

2. B) the cash balance shown in the company’s general ledger account for this checking account at the close of business on December 31, without further adjustments.

3. C) the cash balance shown in the general ledger account for this checking account asof the close of business on December 31, after recognizing any outstanding checks and/or deposits in transit from the December 31 bank account reconciliation.

4. D) the cash balance shown in the general ledger account for this checking account asof the close of business on December 31, after recognizing any bank service charges and/or interest income from the December 31 bank account reconciliation.

38) The valuation of short­term marketable securities on the balance sheet is likely to be for an amount that is approximately equal to the cost of these investments because: 1. A) the market value of short­term marketable securities does not fluctuate from cost.

2. B) the high quality and close maturity date of the securities cause their market values to be relatively stable.

3. C) generally accepted accounting principles require that short­term marketable securities be reported at cost.

4. D) the question statement is false; the valuation of short­term marketable securities on the balance sheet is not likely to be for an amount that is approximately equal to the cost of these investments.

39) Which of the following is true regarding cost flow assumptions?

1. A) Manufacturing firms are required to use FIFO. 2. B) Service firms are required to use LIFO. 3. C) If a firm uses FIFO for tax purposes, then FIFO must be used for financial reporting purposes.

4. D) If a firm uses LIFO for tax purposes, then LIFO must be used for financial reporting purposes.

40) Which of the following is not an example of an inventory account a manufacturing firm might use?

1. A) Work in process inventory.

2. B) Finished goods inventory.

3. C) Merchandise inventory.

4. D) Raw materials inventory.

41) The reason for recording a prepaid expense as a current asset is: 1. A) that the prepaid item will be returned for a cash refund.

2. B) that the prepaid item has not yet become an expense.

3. C) that the expense has been incurred but not yet paid.

4. D) to avoid recognizing an expense so net income will be higher for the current accounting period.

42) Assume that on November 1, 2019, a 3­month rent payment for $8,000 per month (for a total of $24,000) was made with respect to a lease that the

company entered into on that date as a tenant. The company took occupancy of the rented space immediately. The lease term will expire on January 31, 2020. The $72,000 payment was recorded as a debit to Prepaid Rent on November 1, 2019. The adjusting entry on December 31, 2019, is as follows: A) Dr.

Prepaid Rent

8

Cr.

Rent Expense

Dr.

Prepaid Rent

1

Cr.

Rent Expense

Dr.

Rent Expense

8

Cr.

Prepaid Rent

Dr.

Rent Expense

1

Cr.

Prepaid Rent

B)

C)

D)

43) The balance in Jahapp Inc.’s Cash account was $6,320 at April 30, 2019 before reconciliation. The April 30, 2019 balance shown in the bank statement was $4,590. Reconciling items included deposits in transit, $2,600; bank service charges, $140; outstanding checks, $950; and interest credited to the bank account during the month but not recorded on the company’s books, $60. The reconciled balance at April 30, 2019 is:

100.

A) $6,100.

101.

B) $6,240.

102.

C) $6,380.

103.

D) $7,190.

44) At the beginning of the year, accounts receivable were $45,000 and the allowance for bad debts was $4,200. During the year, sales (all on account) were $180,000, cash collections were $165,000, bad debts expense totaled $3,100, and $2,600 of accounts receivable were written off as bad debts.

The balance at the end of the year for the Accounts Receivable account was: 400.

A) $42,400.

401.

B) $54,300.

402.

C) $57,400.

403.

D) $60,000.

45) At the beginning of the year, accounts receivable were $45,000 and the allowance for bad debts was $4,200. During the year, sales (all on account) were $180,000, cash collections were $165,000, bad debts expense totaled $3,100, and $2,600 of accounts receivable were written off as bad debts.

The balance at the end of the year for the Allowance for Bad Debts account was: 600.

A) $1,600.

601.

B) $3,700.

602.

C) $4,700.

603.

D) $7,300.

46) The Allowance for Bad Debts account had a balance of $8,500 at the beginning of the year and $7,200 at the end of the year. During the year (including the year­end adjustment), bad debts expense of $16,000 was recognized. The total amount of past­due accounts receivable that were written off as uncollectible during the year were: 700.

A) $14,700.

701.

B) $16,000.

702.

C) $17,300.

703.

D) $23,200.

47) Sales during the year were 500 units. Beginning inventory was 250 units at a cost of $5 per unit. Purchase 1 was 400 units at $6 per unit. Purchase 2 was 200 units at $7 per unit.

Cost of goods sold under the LIFO cost flow assumption (using a periodic inventory system) was:

850.

A) $1,850.

851.

B) $2,750.

852.

C) $3,200.

853.

D) $3,800.

48) Sales during the year were 500 units. Beginning inventory was 250 units at a cost of $5 per unit. Purchase 1 was 400 units at $6 per unit. Purchase 2 was 200 units at $7 per unit.

Ending inventory under the LIFO cost flow assumption (using a periodic inventory system) was: 250.

A) $1,250.

251.

B) $1,850.

252.

C) $2,300.

253.

D) $3,200.

49) Sales during the year were 500 units. Beginning inventory was 250 units at a cost of $5 per unit. Purchase 1 was 400 units at $6 per unit. Purchase 2 was 200 units at $7 per unit.

Cost of goods sold under the FIFO cost flow assumption (using a periodic inventory system) was: 300.

A) $2,300.

301.

B) $2,750.

302.

C) $3,200.

303.

D) $3,650.

50) Sales during the year were 500 units. Beginning inventory was 250 units at a cost of $5 per unit. Purchase 1 was 400 units at $6 per unit. Purchase 2 was 200 units at $7 per unit.

Ending inventory under the FIFO cost flow assumption (using a periodic inventory system) was: 850.

A) $1,850.

851.

B) $2,300.

852.

C) $2,750.

853.

D) $3,650.

51) On January 1, 2020, the balance in Great Lakes Co.’s Allowance for Bad Debts account was $15,600. During the year, a total of $10,500 of delinquent accounts receivable were written off as bad debts. The balance in the Allowance for Bad Debts account at December 31, 2020, was $21,900.

(a.) What was the total amount of bad debts expense recognized during the year? (b.) As a result of a comprehensive analysis, it is determined that the December 31, 2020, balance of Allowance for Bad Debts should be $18,900.

Show, in general journal format the adjustment required.

52) Prepare a bank reconciliation for Show Me, Inc., as of June 30 from the following information:

(a.)

The June 30 balance shown on the bank statement is $5,796.

(b.)

Outstanding checks at June 30 totaled $330.

(c.)

A deposit of $424 made on June 30 was not included in the balance shown on th

(d.)

The bank statement contained an adjustment of $410 for a note receivable colle principal and $28 interest).

(e.)

A bank charge of $34 was made to the account during June. Although the comp known until the bank statement arrived.

(f.)

The bank erroneously charged a $340 check of Shirt, Inc., against the Show Me

(g.)

The June 30 balance in the general ledger Cash account, before reconciliation, i

(h.)

The bank statement included a notice that a customer’s check for $172 that had NSF.

Required:

(1.) Prepare the bank reconciliation for Show Me, Inc., as of June 30.

(2.) Prepare the appropriate adjusting entry(ies) or show the reconciling items in a horizontal model, for Show Me, Inc., related to the bank reconciliation.

53) The following is a portion of the current assets section of the balance sheets of The Sweet Cafe at December 31, 2020 and 2019:

Accounts receivable, less allowance for bad debts of $14,400 (for 2020) and $10,200 (for 2

(a.) If bad debts expense for 2020 totaled $32,800, what was the amount of accounts receivable written off during the year?

(b.) The December 31, 2020, Allowance account balance includes $6,800 for a past due account that is not likely to be collected. This account has not been

written off. If it had been written off, what would have been the effect of the write off on:

(1.) The current ratio at December 31, 2020?

(2.) Net income and ROE for the year ended December 31, 2020?

(c.) What do you suppose was the level of The Sweet Cafe’s sales in 2020, compared to 2019? Explain your answer.

54) Prepare a bank reconciliation for Grace, Inc., as of January 31, from the following information:

(a.)

The January 31 cash balance in the general ledger is $5,088.

(b.)

The January 31 balance shown on the bank statement is $4,544.

(c.)

Checks issued but not returned with the bank statement were No. 435 for $452 a

(d.)

A deposit made on January 31 for $1,280 was included in the general ledger bal

(e.)

Interest credited to the account during January but not recorded on the company

(f.)

A bank charge of $24 for printing new checks was made to the account during Ja charge, the amount was not Known until the bank statement arrived.

(g.)

In the process of reviewing canceled checks, it was determined that a check issu of $139 was recorded as a $193 cash disbursement.

Required:

(1.) Prepare the bank reconciliation for Grace, Inc., as of January 31.

(2.) Prepare the appropriate adjusting entry(ies) or show the reconciling items in a horizontal model for Grace, Inc., related to the bank reconciliation.

55) The following are data available for Blue Grass for the month of June:

Sales

2,4

Beginning inventory

600

Purchases, in chronological order

1,2

800

1,0

(a.) Calculate cost of goods sold and ending inventory under the following cost flow assumptions:

(1.) Weighted­average (2.) FIFO (3.) LIFO

(b.) Assume net income using the weighted average cost flow assumption was $12,800. Calculate net income under FIFO and LIFO.

56) The following are data available for Richards Co. for the month of May:

Sales

1,120

Beginning inventory

200

Purchases, in chronological order

500

400

700

Calculate cost of goods sold and ending inventory under the following cost flow assumptions:

(1.) Weighted average (2.) FIFO (3.) LIFO

57) At the beginning of the year, accounts receivable were $39,000 and the allowance for bad debts was $2,400. During the year, sales (all on account) were $120,000, cash collections were $114,000, bad debts expense totaled $1,700, and $2,000 of accounts receivable were written off as bad debts.

Required:

Calculate the balances at the end of the year for the Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Bad Debts accounts. (Hint: Use T­accounts to analyze each of these accounts, plug in the amounts that you know, and solve for the ending balances.)

58) The Allowance for Bad Debts account had a balance of $20,400 at the beginning of the year and $24,500 at the end of the year. During the year

(including the year­end adjustment), bad debts expense of $33,600 was recognized.

Required:

Calculate the total amount of past­due accounts receivable that were written off as uncollectible during the year. (Hint: Make a T­account for the Allowance for Bad Debts account, plug in the amounts that you know, and solve for the missing amount.)

59) Agrico, Inc., accepted a 6­month, 9% (annual rate), $8,000 note from one of its customers on November 1, 2019; interest is payable with the principal at maturity.

Required: 1. Use the horizontal model or write the journal entry to record the interest earned

by Agrico during its year ended December 31, 2019.

1. Use the horizontal model or write the journal entry to record collection of the note and interest at maturity.

60) a. Use the horizontal model or write the journal entry to record the payment of a one­year insurance premium of $18,000 on October 1, 2019.

1. Use the horizontal model or write the adjusting entry that will be made at the end of every month to show the amount of insurance premium “used” that month.

1. Calculate the amount of prepaid insurance that should be reported on the December 31, 2019 balance sheet with respect to this policy.

61) a. If the beginning balance of the Inventory account and the cost of items purchased or made during the period are correct, but an error resulted in understating the firm’s ending inventory balance by $12,000, how would the firm’s cost of goods sold be affected?

1. If management wanted to overstate net income, would ending inventory be understated or overstated? Explain your answer.