CLIMATIC DESIGN on HIGH LATITUDE URBAN WATERFRONT
Bowen Cui
Superviser: Mari Bergset DIPLOMA REVIEW, Master of Landscape Architecture Tromsø, AHO
Tromsø 69°40′N
This diploma work is a climatic design project in the city center of Tromso, Norway. The main concern is the special subarctic climate. The design is going to both improve the outdoor comfort and interact with nature and the climate. Explore strategies and languages for cold climate design.
SITE Prostneset Terminal
BOWEN CUI
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
INTRODUCTION
Final Review 03.06.2016
CONCEPT
Background Objectives Strategies
Climatic Pockets
DESIGN PROPOSAL
SOLAR POCKET
WIND POCKET
Solar Analysis
Wind Analysis
Solar Collector
Wind Shelter
Snow Melting Installation Polar Shadow Installation Sundial/ Lamp
Shape of Wind Installation Sound of Wind Installation
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BOWEN CUI
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
INTRODUCTION
Final Review 03.06.2016
CONCEPT
Background Objectives Strategies
Climatic Pockets
DESIGN PROPOSAL
SOLAR POCKET
WIND POCKET
Solar Analysis
Wind Analysis
Solar Collector
Wind Shelter
Snow Melting Installation Polar Shadow Installation Sundial/ Lamp
Shape of Wind Installation Sound of Wind Installation
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
B A C K G R O U N D
Final Review 03.06.2016
OBJECTIVES
" in a cold region, a given combination of wind speed and air temperature, or the obstruction of the sun in shaded areas, may discourage people from staying outdoors while the provision of sunny areas protected from the prevailing winds may encourage public activities in that outdoor space. Thus, minimizing outdoor discomfort may enhance the vitality of the location during periods of extreme temperatures.”
——Baruch Givoni
WINDY
SNOW RAIN
ST R AT EG I ES O u td o o r C o mfo r t S t rate g i e s
" It is a world of great contrasts, of the yearly rush from the cold, dark sterility of winter through a short and explosive spring to a few green months of life under the night-time sun. And so follows the swing back through rapidly shortening days of mist, rain and frost, to winter snow and ice." -- Ralph Erskine 1967
COLD
BOWEN CUI
INTRODUCTION
The factors that improve the comfort sensations of people
IMPROVE THE OUTDOOR COMFORT of the waterfront open spaces. Make the public space all year round
Objective Factors
PHYSICAL
Preserve solar access
ICY
Rain & Snow shelter
Warm colours
Soft surfaces
Light
Meeting spaces
Diverse Activities
Multiple functions
Increase air temperature
PCYCHOLOGICAL
Subjective Factors
DARK
Wind protection
SOCIAL/ BEHAVIORAL
SHADED
SITE PHOTO/ by Bowen
Wa t e r f r o n t S t r a t e g i e s
VOICES OF CHANGE IN TROMSØ
“Establish continuous promenade with experience points through the center with temporary measures for a short period. Removing cars, facilitating continuous time system + experiences and stay opportunities. People will then be able to get a sense of the potential inherent in a continuous promenade along the strait.” ——Sigrid Rasmussen(citizen) “Give the citizens access to the sea. Here one can sit and eat ice cream in hot summer and dip your toes in the water. ” ——Terese Simonsen(citizen)
Erling Bangsunds Plaza Erling Bangsunds Plaza
Domkirke Church Park
Car park Harbour facility Terminal Construction Site
Domkirke Church Park
Prostneset
shadow path spring(21mar) SITE PHOTO/ by Bowen
SITE PHOTO/ by Bowen
The waterfront is dominated by non-public functions(e.g. car parks, harbour facilities, construction site). People have no access to the seafront.
The view from the waterfromt is spectacular, but people have no place to stay and enjoy the view. Embarrassingly, tourists have to stand on snow to take pictures.
Prostneset
Add new destinations along the waterfront Give places to STAY
Linking city and the waterfront From a deserted place to an active waterfront
GIVE PLACES TO STAY a l o n g t h e w a t e r f ro n t promenade to establish the edge as good recreational urban space for both locals and tourists
Points of interest
shadow path summer(21jun)
Solar access is rare in dense urban public spaces of Tromsø. Compared with other open spaces in the center, the prostneset waterfront has solar access almost all year round, which is very precious for public activities.
Design Elements
" The basic quality of being able to interact with the natural environment has often been neglected within modern urban planning and design. In many cases, parks and other recreational spaces with the capacity to support interaction with the natural environment and ‘forces of nature’ have been designed with priority for the formal and visual qualities alone, turning the landscape into a “dead event”. ——Corner
The subarctic is not entirely a cold and dark place. The extraordinary climate (northern lights, 64 days of mid-night sun, low solar angle, snow... ) make the landscape special and inspiring.
DEVELOP A DESIGN ENGAGING WITH NATURE which revealing the unique arctic climate and embracing the natural elements and their processes
WIND
Waves
SUN
SNOW
Northern Lights
FIRE
WATER
PLANTS
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
BOWEN CUI
B A C KG R O U N D 1
Final Review 03.06.2016
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CLIMATE 69°40′N, Tromsø NORTHERN LIGHTS POLAR NIGHT (55days)
SOLAR RADIATION (Low angle, 1265h/year)
WIND
SNOW/RAIN (160days/year)
MID-NIGHT SUN (64days)
WIND
" It is a world of great contrasts, of the yearly rush from the cold, dark sterility of winter through a short and explosive spring to a few green months of life under the night-time sun. And so follows the swing back through rapidly shortening days of mist, rain and frost, to winter snow and ice."
1. 350 kilometres north of the Arctic Circle 2. Subarctic climate 3. 8 months' snow cover 4. 2 months' summer 5. Mean annual temperature 2.5℃（1961-1990） 6. Polar Night from November 22 - January 15 7. Mid-night Sun from May 20 - July 22 8. In the middle of the Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights) zone
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
BOWEN CUI
OBJECTIVE 1
Final Review 03.06.2016
COLD
WINDY
SNOW RAIN
DARK
ICY
SHADED
SITE PHOTO/ by Bowen
" in a cold region, a given combination of wind speed and air temperature, or the obstruction of the sun in shaded areas, may discourage people from staying outdoors while the provision of sunny areas protected from the prevailing winds may encourage public activities in that outdoor space. Thus, minimizing outdoor discomfort may enhance the vitality of the location during periods of extreme temperatures.” ——Baruch Givoni
IMPROVE THE OUTDOOR COMFORT of the pubilc spaces. Make the public space all year round
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
BOWEN CUI
B A C KG R O U N D 2
Final Review 03.06.2016
VOICES OF CHANGE IN TROMSØ
“Establish continuous promenade with experience points through the center with temporary measures for a short period. Removing cars, facilitating continuous time system + experiences and stay opportunities. People will then be able to get a sense of the potential inherent in a continuous promenade along the strait.” ——Sigrid Rasmussen(citizen) “Give the citizens access to the sea. Here one can sit and eat ice cream in hot summer and dip your toes in the water. ” ——Terese Simonsen(citizen)
Erling Bangsunds Plaza Erling Bangsunds Plaza
Domkirke Church Park
Car park Harbour facility Terminal Construction Site
Domkirke Church Park
Prostneset
shadow path spring(21mar) SITE PHOTO/ by Bowen
The waterfront is occupied by parking lots and harbour facilities. People are blocked from the seafront.
Prostneset
shadow path summer(21jun)
SITE PHOTO/ by Bowen
The view from the waterfromt is spectacular, but people have no place to stay and enjoy the view. Embarrassingly, tourists have to stand on snow to take pictures.
Solar access is precious in dense city center. Compared with other open spaces, the prostneset waterfront has solar access almost all year round, it would be a shame to waste this sunny place for parking.
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
OBJECTIVE 2
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
GIVE PLACES TO STAY along the waterfront promenade to establish the edge as good recreational urban space for both locals and tourists
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
B A C KG R O U N D 3
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
" The basic quality of being able to interact with the natural environment has often been neglected within modern urban planning and design. In many cases, parks and other recreational spaces with the capacity to support interaction with the natural environment and ‘forces of nature’ have been designed with priority for the formal and visual qualities alone, turning the landscape into a “dead event”. ——Corner
The subarctic is not entirely a cold and dark place. The extraordinary climate (northern lights, 64 days of mid-night sun, low solar angle, snow... ) make the landscape special and inspiring. The ‘forces of nature’ give a lot of potentials for the design.
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
OBJECTIVE 3
LOW SOLAR ANGLE
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
SNOW/RAIN
WIND
DEVELOP A DESIGN ENGAGING WITH NATURE which revealing the unique arctic climate and embracing the nature elements and their processes
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
BOWEN CUI
OBJECTIVES
Final Review 03.06.2016
OBJECTIVES
ST R AT EG I ES O u td o o r C o mfo r t S t rate g i e s The factors that improve the comfort sensations of people
IMPROVE THE OUTDOOR COMFORT of the waterfront open spaces. Make the public space all year round
Objective Factors
PHYSICAL
Preserve solar access
Wind protection
Rain & Snow shelter
Warm colours
Soft surfaces
Light
Meeting spaces
Diverse Activities
Multiple functions
Increase air temperature
PCYCHOLOGICAL
Subjective Factors SOCIAL/ BEHAVIORAL
Wa t e r f r o n t S t r a t e g i e s
GIVE PLACES TO STAY along the waterfront promenade to establish the edge as good recreational urban space for both locals and tourists
Add new destinations along the waterfront Give places to STAY
Linking city and the waterfront From a deserted place to an active waterfront
Points of interest
Design Elements
DEVELOP A DESIGN ENGAGING WITH NATURE which revealing the unique arctic climate and embracing the natural elements and their processes
WIND
Waves
SUN
SNOW
Northern Lights
FIRE
WATER
PLANTS
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
BOWEN CUI
S T R AT E G Y 1
Final Review 03.06.2016
Outdoor Comfort Strategies The factors that improve the comfort sensations of people
Objective Factors
PHYSICAL
Preserve solar access
Wind protection
Rain & Snow shelter
Warm colours
Soft surfaces
Light
Meeting spaces
Diverse Activities
Multiple functions
Increase air temperature
PCYCHOLOGICAL
Subjective Factors SOCIAL/ BEHAVIORAL
How to improve the outdoor comfort? The use of outdoor space is determined not only by the “state of body” but also by the “state of mind". In addition to the physical factors, the psychological and social factors such as warm colors, lights, and activities should also be considered.
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
BOWEN CUI
S T R AT E G Y 2
Final Review 03.06.2016
Wa t e r f r o n t S t r a t e g i e s Add new destinations along the waterfront Give places to STAY
Linking city and the waterfront From a deserted place to an active waterfront
Points of interest
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
BOWEN CUI
S T R AT E G Y 3
Final Review 03.06.2016
Design Elements
WIND
Waves
SUN
SNOW
Northern Lights
FIRE
WATER
PLANTS
Embracing the natural elements (e.g. snow, wind) and their processes(e.g. solar path, snow melting) and exploring their aesthetic potential. Rediscover a ‘sense of place’ with climate being one of the primary sources of inspiration and build the identity of the arctic city.
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BOWEN CUI
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
INTRODUCTION
Final Review 03.06.2016
CONCEPT
Background Objectives Strategies
Climatic Pockets
DESIGN PROPOSAL
SOLAR POCKET
WIND POCKET
Solar Analysis
Wind Analysis
Solar Collector
Wind Shelter
Snow Melting Installation Polar Shadow Installation Sundial/ Lamp
Shape of Wind Installation Sound of Wind Installation
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
BOWEN CUI
C L I M AT I C P O C K E T S
Final Review 03.06.2016
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LIBRARY Domkirke Church
HOTEL
Main Street
HOTEL HOTEL
Roald Amundsens Park
HOTEL
HOTEL
Erling Bangsunds Plaza
Access to water
HOTEL
Shaded, No wind
Prostneset Terminal
Hurtigruten Terminal/Speed Boat Terminal/Bus Terminal
PORT
HOTEL
Exposed to the wind
Tourist Information
Hurtigruten
Dark space
Exposed to the sun
PORT
WIND POCKET
PORT
PORT
SOLAR POCKET
LIGHT POCKET
FIRE POCKET
WATER POCKET
Depending on the different climatic situations, the five waterfront destinations are designed by different climatic strategies and given five themes. Each pocket has reference to the sub-arctic climate, which let people both protected from and experience the extraordinary climate.
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
WIND POCKET Protect people from the prevailing wind to improve the outdoorcomfort. L e t p e o p e experience the wind through sound, wave and m ov emen t o f textiles.
BOWEN CUI
C L I M AT I C P O C K E T S
Final Review 03.06.2016
SOLAR POCKET
LIGHT POCKET
FIRE POCKET
Harvest solar radiation to let plants grow, snow melt and make people feel warm.
Design light installations which revealing the chaging colors of the arctic sky and give spaces for recration during the dark period.
Use fire to warm and light up the space.
Revealing the unique arctic climate(low solar angle, 18° E time ..)
When northern lights appear, all the light installations would go off.
Improve the outdoor comfort and make the shaded space attractive in dark and cold climate.
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WATER POCKET Give the citizens access to the sea. Here one can sit and enjoy the sun in hot summer and dip their toes in the water. Kids can play in the tidal pools.
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
WIND POCKET
Design Elements
BOWEN CUI
C L I M AT I C P O C K E T S
WIND
Waves
SOLAR POCKET
SUN
SNOW
FIRE
PLANTS
Final Review 03.06.2016
LIGHT POCKET
Northern Lights
FIRE POCKET
WATER POCKET
FIRE
WATER
PLANTS
SUN
Outdoor Comfort Strategies
S
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(Apr 01-Jun 13) R A I N N Y
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(Jun 14-Sep 02) R A I N N Y S U N N Y
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(Sep 03-Nov 15)
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(Nov 16-Mar 31 ) S N O W Y
DARKNESS
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BOWEN CUI
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
INTRODUCTION
Final Review 03.06.2016
CONCEPT
Background Objectives Strategies
Climatic Pockets
DESIGN PROPOSAL
SOLAR POCKET
WIND POCKET
Solar Analysis
Wind Analysis
Solar Collector
Wind Shelter
Snow Melting Installation Polar Shadow Installation Sundial/ Lamp
Shape of Wind Installation Sound of Wind Installation
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
BOWEN CUI
SOLAR POCKET
Final Review 03.06.2016
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Harvest solar radiation to let plants grow, snow melt and make people feel warm. Revealing the unique arctic climate(low solar angle, 18° E local time ..)
Domkirke Church inal
Prostneset Term
Roald Amundsens Park
N
Tourist Information inal
t Term nese
Prost
Bus Terminal
Ice skating Rink
Sundial/ Lamp Hurtigruten
Snow melting Installation Solar Collectors Polar shadow Installation
Solar Collectors
Port For International Cruise Ships
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
BOWEN CUI
SOLAR POCKET
Final Review 03.06.2016
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INSOLATION ANALYSIS
N
Shadow Path (The vernal equinox)
Shadow Path (The summer solstice)
Shadow Path (The autumnal equinox)
Shadow Path (The winter solstice)
PARK
PARKING LOT
TERMINAL BUILDING
Sun Path (All year)
In the design of the new terminal building, the spacegroup put parking lot at the seafront. But through the shading analysis, we find that this space is exposed to the sun almost all year round, while this space in black frame is shaded in spring and autumn, so it's better to move the parking lot to the shaded place and leave the sunny space for people.
Total Sunlight Hours (Avg. Daily)
Low solar angle of the arctic Tromsø
Radiation (Avg. Daily)
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
SOLAR POCKET
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
SOLAR COLLECTOR Direct radiation + Diffuse radiation
INSPIRATION
Due to the low solar angle of the arctic winter, the vertical surface get a lot of energy from the sun. The metal facade refelct the radiation to the ground making the snow melting. SITE PHOTO/ by Bowen
The stone both reflect and harvest the solar radiation making the plants grow in early spring.
TROMSØ KOMMUNE & STEINSVIK ARKITEKTKONTOR AS
Vertical Surface get even more insolation than horizontal surface in September. So the idea is to design solar collectors to harvest the verical insolation for both peope and plants.
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
SOLAR POCKET
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
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SOLAR COLLECTOR Direct radiation + Diffuse radiation
GENERATION
+ Vertical Reflector
+ Arc
converge solar radiantion
+ Movable
catch the moving sun/wind screen no permanent shaded area
+ South Facing
collect and reflect solar radiantion
converge solar radiantion
catch most of the sun
This diagram shows the generation of design, firstly add a vertical reflector to harvest the vertical insolation, then, make it an arc shape to gather the radiation to make people feel warmer in the days without good sunshine. And make the reflector movable to catch the sun all day long. It's also interesting for people to play with it and interact with the sun and wind. And for plants, just make the reflector south facing to catch most of the sun.
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
BOWEN CUI
SOLAR POCKET
Final Review 03.06.2016
SOLAR COLLECTOR Direct radiation + Diffuse radiation
DESIGN
Vertical Reflectors
Ball Slide Benches
Drain Black ground to absorb solar energy
4000 mm
N
Deciduous Shrub
Drain the snow melt water to make it icefree
Evergreen Shrub
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
SOLAR POCKET
BOWEN CUI
27
Final Review 03.06.2016
SOLAR COLLECTOR Direct radiation + Diffuse radiation
Summer Wind
N
Direct Radiation
Diffuse Radiation
This is how the solar collectors work on the site. People can also move and group them to make private spaces.
Winter Wind
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
SOLAR POCKET
SOLAR COLLECTOR Direct radiation + Diffuse radiation
March 21 9:00
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
SOLAR POCKET
SOLAR COLLECTOR Direct radiation + Diffuse radiation
March 21 12:00
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
SOLAR POCKET
SOLAR COLLECTOR Direct radiation + Diffuse radiation
March 21 15:00 The movement of the reflector becomes a dialogue with the sun.
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
SOLAR POCKET
SOLAR COLLECTOR Direct radiation + Diffuse radiation
In cloudy winter days, use fire to warm the space for people to have outdoor parties.
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
BOWEN CUI
SOLAR POCKET
Final Review 03.06.2016
SNOW MELTING INSTALLATION
Part of the site is currently for snow storage. The design is going to keep that function and make an installation which help to melt the snow by absorbed solar radiation, Which show people the process of snow melting during winter and spring.
FERSNEL LENS
SOLAR ABSORBER FERSNEL LENS
Pile of SNOW
Fresnel lenses are lighter than co nve nt i o n a l co nvex l e n s e s . T h ey can have the same focal length as a conventional lens so both can have the same magnification.
Surround the snow by black material absorbing solar rediation. Solar radiation can penetrate into the snow, thus melting may happen beneath the snow cover by heat absorbed by the black solar absorber.
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
BOWEN CUI
SOLAR POCKET
Final Review 03.06.2016
SNOW MELTING INSTALLATION
10M
FERSNEL LENS
freeze
Filtrator
SNOW melt
There are 8 months' snow cover in Tromso. It is a place for winter sports. Activities can help to improve the outdoor comfort by keeping the body warm while changing the perceptions of urban space. The design is to filtrate the melted snow and create an ice skating rink. Finally the water is piped into sea.
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
SOLAR POCKET
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
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SNOW MELTING INSTALLATION
10M
FERSNEL LENS
RADIATION ABSORBER
≈32m³ Snow
STRAINER
SKATING RINK
SHELTER
DRAINS
≈17m³ Ice The volume of pile of snow on the site is about 32m³ while the ice rink needs about 17m³. So there is enough snow for the rink. The extra water is piped into the sea.
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
SOLAR POCKET
SNOW MELTING INSTALLATION
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
SOLAR POCKET
SNOW MELTING INSTALLATION
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
SOLAR POCKET
SNOW MELTING INSTALLATION
Late spring/ summer (snow melted) night scenario, with light and fountain
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
BOWEN CUI
SOLAR POCKET
Final Review 03.06.2016
POLAR SHADOW INSTALLATION Due to the low solar angle of subarctic, the shadows are very long in Tromsø. The installation is going to reveal this climate feature by showing people the special shadow patterns of the micro-landform.
Sun Path (All year)
Shadow Pattern of March 21
8:00
12:00
14:00
WINTER
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
SOLAR POCKET
POLAR SHADOW INSTALLATION
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
SOLAR POCKET
SUNDIAL/
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
LAMP
The sundial tells the time of day by the apparent position of the Sun in the sky. This sundial shows the 18° E local time. Moreover it would become a lamp at night and during dark period.
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BOWEN CUI
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
INTRODUCTION
Final Review 03.06.2016
CONCEPT
Background Objectives Strategies
Climatic Pockets
DESIGN PROPOSAL
SOLAR POCKET
WIND POCKET
Solar Analysis
Wind Analysis
Solar Collector
Wind Shelter
Snow Melting Installation Polar Shadow Installation Sundial/ Lamp
Shape of Wind Installation Sound of Wind Installation
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
WIND
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
Design a wind shelter to protect people from the winter wind to improve the outdoorcomfort. Let peope experience the wind through sound, wave and movement of textiles.
l t Termina Prostnese fe a t&C Restauran
Hurtiguten Tourists
Prevailing Wind Direction
Outdoor Cafe
Wind Socks Wind Shelter
Hotels Restaurants Shopping mall
Wind Flute
Wave Terrace
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
WIND
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
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W I N D A N A LY S I S
Wind Rose Tromsø
The Prevailing WINTER wind is SSW
Januar
Februar
Oktobe r
November
Mai
Juni
The Prevailing SUMMER wind is NNE
Wind Rate (Winter)
Mars
Desember
Juli
April
September
August
TROMSØ KOMMUNE & STEINSVIK ARKITEKTKONTOR AS
Wind Flow (Winter)
Wind Rate (Summer)
Wind Flow (Summer)
By analyzing the wind roses of tromso, the prevailing winter wind is from south west while the prevailing summer wind is from north east. Then the CFD analysis of the site shows that there is strong south west wind on the site in winter, while in summer, the site is protected from wind. So the windbreak only needs to block the winter wind.
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
WIND
W I N D
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
S H E LT E R
EXPERIENCED TEMPERATURE Tromsø winter Average temp. Wind force in Beaufort
Air temperature Meters/second
Light breeze Breeze Mod. breeze Fresh breeze Strong breeze TROMSØ KOMMUNE & STEINSVIK ARKITEKTKONTOR AS
The average temprature of winter Tromsø is between -5 to -10 degree. And the speed of prevailing winter wind is from 3 to 10 meters per second. From this table we can see, if people exposed to the wind, the experienced temprature could drop to -9 or even -20 degree. So, protecting people from wind is very important for outdoor comfort in winter Tromsø.
AERODYNAMIC POROSITY The aerodynamic porosity of the windbreak determines the ratio between airflow that passes through the barrier pores (‘‘through-flow’’) and airflow that diverges over the barrier (‘‘diverged-flow’’) (Vigiak, Sterk, Warren, and Hagen, 2003). The closed screen will cause strong turbulence, and make snow accumulate behind the break. So it needs 15% to 30% porosity to make the windbreak effective. www.saskatchewan.ca
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
WIND
W I N D
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
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S H E LT E R
Rounding of corners ďź‹ Porosity The right angles may also cause turbulence, so the shape of the break is designed as streamline.
The wind shelter protect people from the winter prevailing wind (SSW). Also provide space for outdoor cafe.
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
WIND
W I N D
S H E LT E R
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
46
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
WIND
SHAPE OF WIND INSPIRATION
Inspired by the windsock, this design let people experience the wind through the movement of textiles. People can "see" the wind and know the wind directions at different points of the space.
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
WIND
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
48
SOUND OF WIND INSPIRATION
This installation is aiming to let people 'hear' the wind. These pipes are wind flutes which has the same principle as pan flute. The gradually increasing lengths give different pich. Togather with the sound of waves, it becomes a wind symphony.
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
WIND
BOWEN CUI
Final Review 03.06.2016
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CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
BOWEN CUI
C L I M AT I C P O C K E T S
Final Review 03.06.2016
LIBRARY Domkirke Church
HOTEL
Main Street
HOTEL HOTEL
Roald Amundsens Park
HOTEL
HOTEL
Erling Bangsunds Plaza
Access to water
HOTEL
Shaded, No wind
Prostneset Terminal
Hurtigruten Terminal/Speed Boat Terminal/Bus Terminal
PORT
HOTEL
Exposed to the wind
Tourist Information
Hurtigruten
Dark space
Exposed to the sun
PORT
WIND POCKET
PORT
PORT
SOLAR POCKET
LIGHT POCKET
FIRE POCKET
WATER POCKET
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BOWEN CUI
CLIMATIC DESIGN on sub-arctic urban waterfront
Final Review 03.06.2016
MANY THANKS to
Mari Bergset superviser
Mook Reinhard Helmut Gottfrid climate scientist professor emeritus, uit
Else Karlstrøm Minde Henriette Jordheim Ronald van Schaik landscape architects tromsø municipality
Bowen Cui DIPLOMA REVIEW, Master of Landscape Architecture Tromsø, AHO
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