Studio Air-Part B

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STUDIOAIR P A R T

B

D E S I G N

J O U R N A L

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C E L I N A S U P U R N A M I YA P U T R A 813602 ISABELLE JOOSTE WEDNESDAY 6.15-9.15 P.M

In collaboration with Eaimy KHAING

Co n t e nts .

Pa rt B D esign C ri te ri a B . 1 R e s e a r c h F ie ld B . 2 C a s e S t u dy 1 .0 B . 3 C a s e S t u dy 2 .0 B . 4 T e c h n i q u e: De ve lo p m e n t T e c h n iq u e B . 5 P r o t o t y p e s T e c h n iq u e P r o p o sa l B . 6 L e a r n i n g Ob je c tive s & Ou tc o m e s B . 7 A l g o r i t h m i c S ke tc h e s B.8 References

2 S e m e s t e r

2 0 1 8

Creating DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES through understanding how nature works and seeking sustainable solution for design .

1 M oheb S ab ry Aziz a nd Am r Y. El s her if , “ Biom im ic r y A s A n A p p r o a c h F o r B i o - I n s p i r e d S t r u c t u r e Wi t h T h e A i d O f C omput atio n”, Ale xa nd ria Engineer ing J our nal, 55. 1 ( 20 1 6 ) , 7 0 7 - 7 1 4 <h t t p s : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 1 0 1 6 / j . a e j . 2 0 1 5 . 1 0 . 0 1 5 >.

2 Amy F rearson , “ICD/ITK E Res ear c h Pav ilion At The U n i v e r s i t y O f S t u t t g a r t | D e z e e n ” , D e z e e n , 2 0 11 <h t t p s : / / w w w. d e zeen. com/20 11/1 0/3 1/i c dit k e- r es ear c h- pav ilion- at - t he - u n i v e r s i t y - o f - s t u t t g a r t / > [ A c c e s s e d 7 S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 8 ] .

B. 1 RES E A RCH F I E L D : BIO MI MIC RY

Text by Eaimy Khaing Organism level: architecture imitates an organism by applying its functions or forms to a building. This is the case of the Eden Project, in England, with geodesic spheres that host thousands of plant species. The ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion at the University of Stuttgart also resembles a sea urchinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s skeleton.

Biomi m icry provides ideas to be discovered and adapted, from natural models to sustainable construction systems.

It is a multidisciplinary approach to sustainable design that follows a set of principles rather than stylistic codes.

T he applic a ti o n s o f b i o m i mi c ry i n ar c hit ec t ur e a re o rg a n i z e d o n th re e l e vel s:

1

Level of behavior: the buildings resemble their interaction with the environment and their survival modes.

The Eastgate Center building by Mick Pearce in Zimbabwe imitates African termites to maintain a constant internal temperature without the aid of mechanical cooling. 2 Level of the environment: mimics the different junctions of elements in an ecosystem. A good example is the Sahara Forest Project, a greenhouse based on solar energy with no waste system to produce food in the middle of the desert.

Ed en P roj e ct.

NICHOLAS GRIM SHAW

Figure 1.1 External Shot of the structure, showing its organic form

1 M oheb S ab ry Aziz a nd Am r Y. El s her if , “ Biom im ic r y A s A n A p p r o a c h F o r B i o - I n s p i r e d S t r u c t u r e Wi t h T h e A i d O f C omput atio n”, Ale xa nd ria Engineer ing J our nal, 55. 1 ( 20 1 6 ) , 7 0 7 - 7 1 4 <h t t p s : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 1 0 1 6 / j . a e j . 2 0 1 5 . 1 0 . 0 1 5 >.

2 Amy F rearson , “ICD/ITK E Res ear c h Pav ilion At The U n i v e r s i t y O f S t u t t g a r t | D e z e e n ” , D e z e e n , 2 0 11 <h t t p s : / / w w w. d e zeen. com/20 11/1 0/3 1/i c dit k e- r es ear c h- pav ilion- at - t he - u n i v e r s i t y - o f - s t u t t g a r t / > [ A c c e s s e d 7 S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 8 ] .

ha bi ta b l e S pac e .

M at e r i a l E f f ici e n cy The Eden Project’s design intent was to transform a quarrying site into a habitable space through the use of biomimicry. This is to consider what the design was to replace because implementing biomimicry has help keep the human foot print to a minimum.

The domes are constructed from hexagon and pentagon steel frames that are enclosed by inflated plastic cells derived from pollen grains to increase material effciency. Since the development, The Eden project has created a unique culture that represent’s the country’s heritage of plant exploration and attracting visitors.

4

ELYTR A PAV ILION ,

ACHIM M ENGES

Figure 2.1 External Shot of the structure, showing its organic form

Figure 3.1 External Diagram showcasing string connections

Much of Arch i t e ct u r e to day alludes to biomimicry, such as high performing buildings built with the same ventilation principles such as termite mounds. WIthout a doubt us ing nature as inspiration has helped to generate a wide variety of interesting and unexpected forms, such as the Eyletra pavilion.

But it is important as a note that the aesthetic quality is simply an outcome and not a starting point for biometric design. With this pavilion, we can observe how responsiveness and performance can be integrated alongside an inspiring and provocative design. The Elytra Pavillion consists of 40 unique hexagonal components, robotically fabricated using glass and carbon fibre- natureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own composite materials.

The web-like design of each component is based on the fibrous structure of beetleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s forewings- named elytra.

Biomimicry encourages us to think beyond the straitened and intellectual scope of industrialized design and forces us to make conscious green choices .

Hence, it might be fair at this point to say that biomimicry is the future of sustainable architecture.

3

B .2 CASE ST UDY 1.0- VOLTA D OM

Sk y l a r T i b b i t s

Particularly, in the way that the indiviudal cell units can be oriented according to the local curvature and discontinuties, and creating large spans without additional

Volta do m mimicks the shape of vaulted cathredal ceilings in order to create articulated cone-like surface wit hin an oculi, forming a walkway and barrier between the two spaces.

This project could have been inspired by the distributive and adhesive capabilities of the Balaunus. It also resembles a self-replicative organism that can adapt to a given space by filling voids and creating boundaries. This project has been successful to a certain degree with integrating biomimicry to create an innovative design and illustrating the possibilities of fusing architecture with nature,

support.

5

The original VoltaDom defnition consists of a 2.5D voronoi to be iterated. Each surface has four curves and a circular hole where the total area is manipulated. The sliders allowed us to adjust the number of control points, their positions, and the size of the extrusions. We further ex plored the definition by using various strategies such as changing the primitives and form boundary as seen in the matrix. An interesting aspect of this project is how they have fabricated using multiple curves which was one of the often dreaded fabircation methods when it comes from realising digital to physical.

5 Moh eb Sab ry Az iz and Am r Y. El s her if , “ B i o m i m i c r y A s A n A p p r o a c h F o r B i o - I n s p i r e d S t r u c t u r e Wi t h Th e Ai d Of Co mpu tatio n”, Alex andr ia Engineer ing J our n a l , 5 5 . 1 ( 2 0 1 6 ) , 7 0 7 - 7 1 4 <h t t p s : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 1 0 1 6 / j . a e j . 2 0 1 5.1 0 .0 1 5 >.

6 Amy Frea rso n, “ I CD/ I TKE Res ear c h Pav ilio n A t T h e U n i v e r s i t y O f S t u t t g a r t | D e z e e n ” , D e z e e n , 2 0 11 < h ttp s://w w w. d ezee n.com/2 011/ 10/ 31/ ic dit k e- r es ear c h- pa v i l i o n - a t - t h e - u n i v e r s i t y - o f - s t u t t g a r t / > [ A c c e s s e d 7 S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 8 ].

Selection is an important criteria and method for our client to stimulate the best evolution of the final form.

Through this case study, we hope that to achieve the form that optimises genes so that our client can have beneficial and survival-enhancing traits from those selected parameter values.

PO SSI BI L I T Y 1 -Turning a basic volta dom shape into a the original curve vault by using attractor base curve - Altering arrangements using the parameters (changing the seed, number off cone components, height and changing the shapes off cones into a more of pentagonal shape) - Flexibility in its direction and emergent property that arises when the individual components are joined together.

PO SSI BI L I T Y 2 - Complex geometric system that acts as both structure and surface. By employing the complexities of parameters as a technique it is possible to create a lightweight, efficient system that would be ideally applied to instalments and monuments.

-A system that is easily maintained and constructed; it allows for large spans and intricate forms.

B . 2

C a s e

s t u d y

1 . 0

-

Species One Original Form

c o n e n u mb ers

cone openi ng si ze i n cr ease

seed number

hei ght decreases

v a ry i n g c o n e hei ght

Species Two Populated Form - Voronoi + Concave Scaled Extrusion

chang e p op g e o c o u n t

pl ane ampl i tude to

p at t er n s ca l i n g

0.323

pop geo count

Fi rst amplit ude t o 0. 69

Species Three Voronoi + Scaled Extrusion + Base Attractor Curve

s et m ult ip l e c u rv e s

s p e c i e s tw o fi nal form a ttra c to r curves

d e c re a s e pop geo scal e

apl i tude set to 0.000 pop geo 0.000

maxim um aplit ude 1. 0 coun t decr ease 79

v o LTA

D O M

I T E R A T I O N

000

Tr iang ulati o n g ri d

Poi nt attractor

heig ht

i n cre as ing lof t am pl i tu d e 0 .6 4 1 (maxi m um of 1. 0)

sc ale s hap e incre a s e

ma x im um ap lit ude 1 .0 0 0

M a t r i x

U ni form hei ght and popul ati on

i n c re a s i n g factor pop geo s u rfa c e

p o p g e o f actor 1.0 count 100

Poi nt attractor

R andomi ze hight

decreasi ng p l i ne count pop geo 7

i ncrease hei ght

random popul ati on

i nput of at t r act or cur ve uni form scaled height

maxi mu m aplit ude 1. 0 pop geo 0. 7

change at t r act or cur ve

B . 2

C a s e

s t u d y

1 . 0

-

I Species Four Voronoi on surface + creating extrusion and scaling on the cells.

chang e p op g e o c o u n t p at t er n s cal i n g

pl ane ampl i tude to 0.323

Species Five Voronoi placed on attractor curves

chang e p op g e o c o u n t p at t er n s cali n g

pl ane ampl i tude to 0.323

Species Six Vernoi on continous pattern

chang e p op g e o c o u n t p at t er n s ca l i n g

pl ane ampl i tude to 0.323

pop geo c ount

Fi rst amplit ude t o 0. 69

v o LTA

D O M

T E R AT I O N

i ncre as ing lof t am p l i tu d e 0 .6 4 1 (ma xi m um of 1. 0)

i n cre as ing lof t am p li tu d e 0 .6 4 1 (maxi m um of 1. 0)

i n cre as ing lof t am pl i tu d e 0 .6 4 1 (maxi m um of 1. 0)

M at r i x

i n c re a s i n g factor pop geo s u rfa c e

i n c re a s i n g factor pop geo s u rfa c e

i n c re a s i n g factor pop geo s u rfa c e

T W O

i nput of at t r act or cur ve pop geo 7

uni form scaled height

i nput of at t r act or cur ve uni form scaled height

i nput of attractor curve uni form scal ed hei ght

S E L E C T E D

Quantifiable Criteria D ensi ty A l gori thmi c C ontrol C onstructi bi l i ty Li ght penetrati on S p ecie s fo u r I t er at io n tw o

D e si g n c om pr ises of vaults each gener ated by a D el auny tes s el l ati on.

V a u l ts are defined differ ently by a set of r ules speci fi cal l y s ui ted to the i nd i vi dual petal each behaving in differ ing m a nner s cr uci al to the stru c tu ral capacity of the design.

Quantifiable Criteria D ensi ty A l gori thmi c C ontrol C onstructi bi l i ty

Li ght penetrati on

T e sti ng the definitionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s boundar ies and obser ve the ex tent to w hi ch i ts i np uts c a n b e m anipulated to pr oduce a for m that woul d cor r es p ond to the b r i ef, i s c rea ti ve and along the lines of our selected r es ear ch fi el d .

Volume II

I T E R AT I O N s Quantifiable Criteria D ensi ty A l gori thmi c C ontrol C onstructi bi l i ty

Li ght penetrati on

Testing the definitionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s boundar ies and ob s er v e the ex tent to w hi ch i ts i np uts can be m anipulated to pr oduce a for m that w oul d cor r es p ond to the b r i ef, i s cr eative and along the lines of our se l ected r es ear ch fi el d .

Quantifiable Criteria D ensi ty A l gori thmi c C ontrol C onstructi bi l i ty

Li ght penetrati on

Expir im entation with the definition of V ol tad om i s to b e cons i d er ed as a star ting point of our attem pt to dev el op a d eep er und er s tand i ng of a s el f suppor ting, adaptivee em er gency s tr uctur e, w hi ch, at thi s p oi nt, i s cr i ti cal to the under standing of our conceived d es i g n.

B.3 CAS E ST UDY 02: F i bro u s to wer

R oland Sn o o k s

I n iti a l study located the fibrous network within the thickness of a comparati vely simple shell geometry enabling the use of conventional techniques to construct a highly differentiated tower. Subsequent itera tions have tested the spatial possibilities of woven interior structure and atriums, which delaminate from the exterior shell.

The shell is at once performative and orna mental. It operates as a non-linear structure with load being distributed through a network of paths, relying on collectively organized in tensities rather than on a hierarchy of discre te elements. The load-bearing shell and thin floorplate enables the plan to remain column free.

However the design goes beyond structure verging into the realm of performance and ornament. over the length of the tower, the shell thickens creating small spaces for circu lation or vertical gardens.

Figure 4.1 External Shot of the structure, showing its organic form

Figure 4.3 External Shot of the structure, showing its double layered form

Figure 4.2 Vertical Garden

Figure 4.4 3d printed model of the structure

B . 2

C a s e

s t u d y

2 . 0

-

R E V E R S E

STEP TWO

STEP ONE surface creation- two closed curves lofted together

voronoi cells exploded, and the unnecessary pieces was culled out.

STEP FIVE

point population-the surface been populated with random point clouds

cells been meshed out and given a thickness STEP SIX

E

F I B R O U S

T O W E R

E N G I N E E R I N G

STEP THREE

S E Q U E N C E

STEP FOUR

voronoi cells constructed

voronoi cells trimmed using

with the random populated

the main surface

points.

mesh frame relaxed and gave us the final state.

STEP SEVEN

readjusting parameters to create a double layer inside STEP EIGHT

B . 2

C a s e

s t u d y

2 . 0

-

R E V E R S E

ci rc l e

e xtrude

de-p rep

ci rc l e

e xtrude

scale NU

joi n

po p 3 d

s- u n io n

m joi n

d e -pre p

item

trim merg e

-

E

F I B R O U S

T O W E R

E N G I N E E R I N G

S C R I P T

di vi d e

ite m

ve r n oi

vec2pt

am p lify

mov e

vec2pt

am p lify

mov e

are a

di vi d e

are a

s l a nt

s cal e N U

scale

i n tcrv

scale

i n tcrv

loft move

s cal e N U

B . 3

C a s e

s t u d y

2 . 0

-

Species One Basic Parameter Variations

c hang e p op g eo c o u n t pa t t er n s caling

pl ane ampl i tude to 0.323

Species Two Changing Bounding Shape

c hang e p op g eo c o u n t pa tt er n s caling

pl ane ampl i tude to 0.323

Species Three Scaling and Twist

chang e p op g eo c o u n t pat t er n s caling

change pop geo count pattern scal i ng

F I B R O U S

T O W E R

I T E R A T I O N

i nc r easi ng lof t am p lit ude 0 .6 4 1 ( m a x i mum of 1. 0)

i n c re a s i n g fa c tor pop geo s u rfa c e

M a t r i x

i nput of attra ct or cur ve uni form scal ed height

i nput of attra ct or cur ve uni form scal ed height

B . 2

C a s e

s t u d y

2 . 0

-

R E V E R S E

Side Elevation

Front Elevation

E

F I B R O U S

T O W E R

E N G I N E E R I N G

Sim i lar it ies

A N A L Y S I S

Di f f e r e n c es

-Tur ning a basic volta dom shape into a the

-Turning a basic volta dom shape into a the

original curve vault by using attractor base

original curve vault by using attractor base

curve

curve

- Altering arrangements using the parameters

- Altering arrangements using the parameters

(changing the seed, number off cone

(changing the seed, number off cone

components, height and changing the shapes

components, height and changing the shapes

off cones into a more of pentagonal shape)

off cones into a more of pentagonal shape)

- Flexibility in its direction and emergent

- Flexibility in its direction and emergent

property that arises when the individual

property that arises when the individual

components are joined together.

components are joined together.

B.4 DEV ELO P ME NT TE C HN IQU E

Text by Eaimy Khaing

FO R M F I N DI N G Previously after having Skylar Tibbitsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Vol -

In case study 2.0 Fibrous Tower, we introdu -

tadom and Roland Snooksâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Fibrous Tower

ced a range parameter to control the individu -

reversed engineered definition and expl ored,

al cellsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; height, base radius, aperture radius,

we wanted to focus more on the possibl ities

and cell population in order to test its ability

of creating complex geometries using the te -

to conform and adhere to a given surface and

chniques that we have used to create a place

comply with surface irregularities when mul -

of habitat for our clients.

tiplied. We explored on different geometries and different textures, giving different tessal -

In case study 1.0 Voltadom, we have explo -

lations resulted in varying deisgns.

red on creating extruded surfaces out of cur -

However, we still find that the beauty and

ve attractors. However, we have not reached

variation provided by the non-uniformity and

the magnitude and type of variation that we

randomness of cells in the initial model were

were hoping for the client. Furthermore, we

still missing. .

have tried to morph a modular cone gene rated from the downloaded definition onto different lofted surfaces and multiplied it.

I n i t i a l l i n e d r a w i n g s o f i d ea s c o n v e y i n g c l i e n t â&#x20AC;&#x2122; s h a b i t u a l spa c e

Through B.4 we hope to create more definitions to understand how we can aggregate parametrically using the B.3 Fibrous Tower vernoi cells while creating a whole new shape of house- much to the ideal of how we imagine the clients to live in.

Selection Criteria: - Ability to be configured in a long walkway (to be used as a bridge) while creating a habitual dwelling for a family members of possums - Provide areas of cover/exposure - Explore field possibilities of attraction/ repulsion in order to increase algorith mic control over resulting geometries.

B . 4

C O M P O N E N T

Sp eci es O ne 1 . E s t ablis hm e n t o f u s ing s hell l i k e s t r uc t ure 2 . E nclos ing d w e l l i n g fo r prot ect i o n 3 . C reat ion of m a i n e nt rance 4 . Al t ering nu m b e r o f me t aballs a g g r e g ati on s acco r d i n g t o th e number o f p o ssum s ins id e

S pe ci es Tw o 1. E stablis hme n t o f u si ng s hell l i k e s t r uc t ure S pe ci es Thr ee 1. E stablis hme n t o f u si ng s hell l i k e s t r uc t ure 2. E nclos ing d w e l l i n g fo r prot ect io n 3. C reat ion of m a i n e nt rance 4. Al t ering nu m b e r o f me t aballs a g g r e g ati on s accor d i n g t o th e num ber o f p o ssums ins ide

D E S I G N

M A T R I X

A

B . 4

C O M P O N E N T

S pe ci es Fi ve Fi na l I ter ati on s Creat ion of op e n i n g locat ed at bot h s i d e s

S pe ci es Fi ve Fi na l I ter ati on s Creat ion of op e n i n g locat ed at bot h s i d e s

S pe ci es S i x S w ar m Ur bani s m Creat ion of a d o u b l e laye r prot ect in g and c reat ing t e n s i l e s tr engt h

Sp eci es S even Swa r m Ur bani s m C reat i o n of a do u b l e l a y er prot ect ing a nd c reat ing t e n s i l e s trength

D E S I G N

M A T R I X

B

B . 4

C O M P O N E N T

C O N C E P

St e p 1 F in d in g r a n d o m p o ints th a t r e p r e se n t th e c e n te r o f e a c h b lo b St e p 2 Co n str u c tin g a sp h e r e a n d c r e a tin g th ic kn e ss b e twe e n e a c h b lo b St e p Co n str u c tin g a sp h e r e a n d c r e a tin g th ic kn e ss b e twe e n e a c h b lo b

T

D E S I G N

+

C R I T E R I A S

S E L E C T E D

I T E R AT I O N s

B.5 PROTOT Y P E : T EC HN IQ U ES PRO POSAL

P r o t o t y p e 1- 3 d p r in tin g a n d M o u ld Ca stin g

Pr ot ot y pe 2- 3 d p r i n t i n g o f I nn e r S tr u c tu r e

Prot ot y pe 3- 3 d p r i n t i n g o f B . 3 Re ve r se E n g in e e r in g - F ib r o u s T o wer

Larger structure- ecompassing the complex and fine detail of the tower

Smaller 3d printed objects to as the base structure of the mould

B . 5

S I T E

A N A L Y S I S

B . 5

C L I E N T

R E S E A R C H

B . 5

F O R M

D I A G R A M S

RE LAT IO N S H IP DIAGR A M FOOD CHAMBER VS WEBBING THREAD

systematic approach to food chambers tensile strength

efficient method of gathering food

CIRC U LAT ION DIAGR A M ACCESS TO ENTRANCE AND CLIENTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s MOVEMENTS

connecting nest

holes concentrated around the middle

red: movement from one tree to another

05

04

03

02

01 EXP LO D ED A XO N O M E T R IC 01 Outer Structure 02 Internal Formation 03 Internal- Connections to Dwelling 04 Internal- Food Chamber 05 Webbing Thread

B . 5

P R O T O T Y P E

P L A C E

M E N T -

F I R S T

M O C K U P

B . 5

P R O T O T Y P E

P L A C E

M E N T -

S E C O N D

M O C K U P

B. 6 L EA R NI NG O B J E CTI VES AN D OUTCOM

MES

B. 7 ALGO R I T H MIC S KE TC HBO O K

Sur face using Cu rve A ttra cto rs

Pro jection C l ou d and Coco o n

B.8 RE FER E N CES

pARTB