S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Decidious Trees and Shrubs Placed on Eastern and Western sides of walls and windows for protection and shade. As fast growing trees, they allow in heat from the winter sun and prevents the heating up of the place during summer time. DeNse trees with high canopies Great for roof shading and used in the majority of the building area. The density of the plants also deflects the breeze through the house. (SBE, 2016)
S
S
S
S
rear garden landscape Aid in stormwater and greywater treatment
WI NT ER
Pergola with descidious vine
EVENING Patio Deck SOlaTubes SKYLIGHTS
Green Roof
M M ER
Partially covered with vegetation planted over a waterproofing membrane SCRUBS BELOW WINDOWS
Bedroom
bathroom
laundry Southwest of the site primarily for vehicle access. A permeable driveway on the southeast with hardy draught tolerant grass is recomended for paving the area.
Automated PV Panels facing to the Northern part of the site, obtain maximum amount of sun’s energy and convert to electricity
MORNING
SOlar Tubes Collector
SO LS TI C E
SOlar panels
M
Bedroom
Permeable driveway Allows rainwater to absorb into soil faster
GM
1
w w w w w GAS GAS GAS
w w w GAS GAS
Site Plan Scale 1:200 @A3 EMU HOUSE
This is a scaled site plan that details the ideal orientation of the Emu house intended for environmentally sustainable living through passive design and arrangement of utilities such as gas, water and power, connected from the street to the intended site.
Client Profile
S
Works as an mechanical engineer from 9-6 on weekdays; tech savvy client who prefers newest technologies available for the house. Doesn’t mind the overall money spent and is agreeable for high house maintainance- with optimum heating and cooling as long as comfort is prioritised for the family.
Mother: Tiffany Kosher
Works as a landscape architect dividing her time working from home and office. Gardens a lot as part of her professional practice. Prefers house with green aesthetics.
Daughter: Rebecca Kosher 18- year old student at university. Away for three days during the week, requires broadband connectivity, a comfortable space for studying and resting.
Son: Bernard Kosher
Five years old, enjoys playing outdoors on the rear garden landscape with the family dog. Lawn area should be safe for the kid to play in.
Dog: Valerie
Needs large area for daily walks; great for exercise and mental health.
General Interests Client has requested several things that they would like such as: 1. An open plan house, with road views from the living room 2. Since the child and the dog would be playing outdoors a lot, the parents have requested that they want an extended entertainment space outside the garden area. 3. A minimum of 6 star rating house and includes eco-sustainable utilities 4. Agreed to using new manufactured materials with high long term performance, with no cost limitation. 5. Effective insulation and heating systems for the young children during winter 6. Added grey water pond and garden at the entrance to reduce temperature of the house by generating colder breezes from the pond. 7. Noise insulation- child bedroom soundproofing
Climate Analysis Sun Path
Wind Path
N
w w w w w GAS GAS GAS
w w w w w GAS GAS GAS
W 2pm
4pm
Winter Solstice
E
12 pm
10am
76°
8am Summer Solstice
S
Melbourne annual average wind rose Source: Willy Weather
w w w GAS GAS
EMU house details
w w w w w GAS GAS GAS
S
28.5°
w w GAS
Living Room/ Kitchen
SO LS TI C E
Made of recycled timber Under decking lies rainwater tank S and Ugreywater system
Source: Your Home, 2013
S
Father: James Kosher
Pond
Since surrounding houses blocks morning sunlight and windflow, a minimum of 6m distance from single storey buildings and 11m distance from double story buildings and prevents any overshadowing of building height from neighbouring areas ( Domain Victorian Planning Regulations, 2016).
SITE ACCESS
S S S Laneways
MIDDAY
Neighbouring Buildings
Evergreens Located far on the North and South part of the house, the trees act as a wind channel to funnel the air through the building, creating cross ventilation inside the house. Furthermore, the trees block harsh winter winds, allowing cooling purposes. Evergreens are dense and green-colored all throughout the year, sheilding the area and creating a private space from the neighbourhood. Pergola Roof Structure Twining descidious climbers grown in shade to full sun, protecting the living room from extreme exposure during summer time.
S
Cold winter winds
S
Vegetation
S
S
w w w w GAS GAS GAS
S
w w GAS
S
w w w GAS GAS
S
w
Prevailing hot wind during summer
Roofing EQUIPMENT
w w w GAS GAS Skillon and Lean-to-roof Pitched Skillion roof with solar PV panels at a 30° ptich used to maximize solar energy from the North and evacuated solar tube collector situated at North facing roof to heat and recirculate hot and cold water for the family to use
Cooling breeze from Southern sea during summer Location Chetwynd Street, North Melbourne, 3051
CONtext Orientation: Emu house has been rotated 180 degrees from the original: shared living areas to the North to maximise passive design and solar heat gain, reducing the need of electricity- lights and heaters during winter season. Amenities (bathroom, ensuits and walk-in robes) to the West, where people spent the least time and there is extreme temperature and sunlight. Bedrooms located to the South to avoid sunglare during the day and recieve cooling breezes during summer, ensuring the comfort of the children. Climate: Melbourne is located on the mild temperate climate region, where there is a significant difference in temperature between summer and winter and therefore daytime heating and cooling is required. This orientation has allowed passive heating for living rooms during daytime and colder bedrooms located in the south. Average temperature- Winter-June 12° celsius, Summer-December 22° celsius.
, Legend S GAS
S
Sewer Mains
GAS
w
w
Gas Mains
Power Line
Environmental Building Systems APBL20036 Assignment 1: Residential Design
Marcus Strang Friday, 3.15-5.15 P.M.
Date: 3 August 2017
Stormwater line Site boundary
N
S Proposed Descidious Trees Proposed High Canopy Trees
GM Gas meter
Electric pole with street light
Proposed Evergreen Trees Existing Evergreen Trees
Name: Celina Supurnami Yaputra Student Number: 813602
M Water meter
Water Mains
Sewer pit Side enrty pit Legal Point of Discharge
Telecom pit Sewer connection Water connection Gas connection
W1
W.2 W.6 W.7
W3
W.3 W.4
W.1
Flooring and Insulation Scale 1:50
D1
W.5 W.8
W2
Damp proof membrane
Window Schedule Component
Living Room
D7 Bedroom 1
W8
toilet 1
W4
D2
kitchen/ dining
Type
Specifications
Glazing Type
Louvre
W1
Double Sliding
2000x2100
Aluminium Thermally broken A DG Argon Fill High Solar Low-E Double glazing (U=2.91, SGHC=0.43)
NO
W2
Casement Window
600x800
Aluminium Thermally broken A DG Argon Fill High Solar Low-E Double glazing (U=2.91, SGHC=0.43)
NO
W3
Awning Window
900X700
Aluminium Thermally broken A DG Argon Fill High Solar Low-E Double glazing (U=2.91, SGHC=0.43)
NO
W4
Awning Window
1000x800
Aluminium Thermally broken A DG Argon Fill High Solar Low-E Double glazing (U=2.91, SGHC=0.43)
YES
W5
Sliding Window
1200x1000
Aluminium Thermally broken A DG Argon Fill High Solar Low-E Double glazing (U=2.91, SGHC=0.43)
YES
W6
Casement Window
2000x2100
Aluminium Thermally broken A DG Argon Fill High Solar Low-E Double glazing (U=2.91, SGHC=0.43)
NO
2000x2100
Aluminium Thermally broken A DG Argon Fill High Solar Low-E Double glazing (U=2.91, SGHC=0.43)
NO
1600x1500
Aluminium Thermally broken A DG Argon Fill High Solar Low-E Double glazing (U=2.91, SGHC=0.43)
NO
Casement Window Sliding Window
W7 W8
D8
D3 laundry
D6
toilet 2
Source: Winsulation Double Glazing Solutions, 2017 Standard aluminium as a great conductor of heat and cold through heat exchange on the window/door frame + thermal break technology that creates an insulated barrier inside the framework. This new window can conduct heat, cold and noise 1000x slower compared to normal aluminium windows. Low-e- glazed windows reduce infrared radition and decreases heat energy transfer during summer.
W5
Roof Schedule D4 bedroom 3
D5
D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
D1
LEGEND
Figure: Roof Section of a Skillon and Lean to roof Source: Demi Janda, 2015
Component Skillon Roof Structure
Specifications -Chosen for the house as ideally suits skylights and will provide solar energy whislist protecting from excessive heat during the day
Bedroom 2
-Provides a large, sloped surface where clients can easily install PV panels and solar tube collectors (Colwestern sheds, 2017).
Roof Cladding
Roof Framing
Insulation
CGI Corrugated Steel Cladding Stratco - 0.45mm Total Coated Thickness Claims as strong tensile steel and resista nt against impacts Less heat radiated to home during nightime (Stratco, 2017). -Laminated Veneer Lumber Used for primary structural application on the roof. LVL supports heavy loads from the roof (PV panels, green vegetation,etc), are cost-effective and sustainable building material (Wood Solutions, 2017).
W7
2 WALLS
-Pink Batts Insulation 115 mm max R.2.5 on low emitting airspaces
CONTEXT Name: Celina Supurnami Yaputra Student Number: 813602
Raised bamboo floor covering Insulation with glass wool batts R=4.0 Concrete slab with reinforcement Load bearing wall
W2
W6
Composite of Insulation, Fibre cement sheet and reflective insulation material Internal Plasterboard
D1 D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7
Masonary clay brick walls
D8
Type Open-in no sill door
Flooring Schedule Material
Bedrooms
Internal Lining- Wool Carpet
Kitchen/living room
Timber lining- Bamboo Flooring
Bathrooms
Porcelain tiles
Hallways
Timber lining- Bamboo Flooring
Genesis by Proline Floors- Bamboo Flooring Claims to have the world’s lowest VOC emissions rating, with no formaldehyde emissions from glue used which will promote healthy living for the family with small children. Furthermore, bamboo floorings are one of the most eco-friendly flooring surfaces and has high durability (Genesis Bamboo Floors, 2017).
Geodfery Hirst Carpets- Natural Wool Certified ESC4 high performance environmentally, made from sheeps’ natural fibre, provides guarantee that the material is renewable and sustainable. Furthermore, keeps the house cool in summer and warm during winter (Geodfery First, 2017). 400 mm thick in-situ concrete slab Creates energy-efficient homes by creating a cooling environment inside the building generated by its high thermal mass properties.
Aluminium Thermally Broken Windows
Permathene Australia- Dampstop ML Concrete Underlay/ DPC Multilayered flexible damp proof membrane made up of polyethylene to protect the slab during on ground construction (Permathene, 2017).
r 4. REVERSE BRick veneer wall
D8
Scale 1:50
OUTER Reflective insulation material
Specifications
9mm compressed fibre cement sheet Outdoor air film 40mm wall cavity
2500x1200
Interior single leaf door
2100x800
Kitchen sliding door
2100x2000
INNER 110mm clay brick masonary
10mm standard plasterboard R 2.0
R 2.5 Glass Fibre Insulation
Housings that use reverse brick veneer construction has a greater ability of storing thermal mass inside the building as compared to the traditional form of brick veneer that has bricks located on the outer part of the house and does not provide passive design abilities such as heating and cooling efficiency. The family will be protected against external weather conditions such as outdoor heat and cold, creating a much stabler temperature inside the home. Exterior walls will contain masonary brick walls, light coloured timber framework to decrease radiant heat gain, unventilated 40mm air gap and reflective insulation sarking to aid the prevention of moisture into the stud walls, leading them into flashings and weep holes down below (Home Improvement, 2017). Melbourne’s climate on prtioritizing storing of heat during winter season, thus a high thermal mass ability is requried.
Marcus Strang Friday, 3.15-5.15 P.M.
Earth
Earp Bros Surface Solutions- Porcelain Tiles Low water absorption rate tiles used inside bathrooms. Porcelain tiles are made from a more refined material compared to ceramic tiles which increases their durability although more expensive (Destination Living, 2017).
Material and Construction Plan Scale 1:100 @A3 EMU HOUSE
Environmental Building Systems APBL20036 Assignment 1: Residential Design
Concrete foundations
Description
Door Schedule Component
Concrete in slab floor Insulation edges of the slab R1.0
Date: 11 August 2017
N
PGH Bricks and Pavers- Type: McGravie Mac Linear- Reverse Brick Veneer Bricks are slender and elegant with earthy tones to create a premium finish. Dimension90x290x162 mm (PGH bricks, 2017). Reverse brick veneer are more expensve in comparison to the other wall types and requires an external cladding to protect the insulation. Bunnings Warehouse- Gyprock CSR 2700 x 1200 x 10mm- Wall Lining Plasterboard Gyprock Plus™ 10mm as a smooth, flat finished internal lining on the house. Chosen due to its promise of thicker face paper and higher breaking strength (Bunnings Warehouse, 2017). Plasterboard would also preferably used in the kitchen area due to its fireproofing abilities. Higgins Insulation- Fibreglass (Glasswool) Insulation, R 2.5 Created from sand and recycled glass bottles bounded together to create a cheap but highly effective insulation material (Higgins Insulation, 2017). Furthermore, this insulation has high durability, provides ability to withstand vibration and shakedowns and double functions as acoustic insulation to absorb sound, which was a general interest of the client to keep the noise down due to the baby and the dog in the house (Insulation Australia, 2017). Timber and Building Supplies Online- Compressed Fibre Cement Sheet Functions as an external wall cladding and provides full wrap residential construction on timber framed housings. Made from cellulose fibre and has high thermal efficiency (Timber and building supplies, 2017).
LIGHTNING + VENTILATION
Landscaping
Shading system: Pergola + Vegetation Pergola with decidious vines Built on the northern facade and provide shading during summer season
AB
Vegetation patterns of the house can increase and reduce wind speed, direct air flow by creating air pressure differences when air passes the trees which shifts the path
AA
Belle Skylights- VELUX VS manual top-hung skylights Installed on the ceilings of the hallway of kitchen/dining room at a 15° pitch facing to the North, provides additional natural light to the area. Since the hallway is a larger part of the house, the skylight will be a better choice as it admits 3x as more light in comparison to a similar sized vertical window. This skylight type has a low u-value (double glazed) and 10.5 mm argon gap. (Belle Skylights, 2017). A controlled shade panel will also be installed to make the skylight seasonal and reduce from an exceeding amount of solar heat gain during summer. Luxaflex- Pirouette internal shadings Adjustable horizontal fabric attached to a sheer backing to control sunlight through the opaqueness of the drapes. Used for the family for privacy and shading purposes on the kitchen area. Blinds are used for internal shadings at the home as they add a luxury/stylish look to the kitchen area whislist providing easy control for the owner to adjust shade while cooking through open/shut retraction (Luxaflex, 2017).
Placement of casement windows Redirects air breeze through the window
Shading system: Overhangs
Colt Australia- External metal louvre systems These non-adjustable louvre systems made of aluminium are placed on the Eastern part of the house area (in particular, on the toilet areas) to block the excessive heat gain during summer and letting through winter sun. Furthermore, Colt louvre systems are highly aerodynamically efficient, reducing air resistance and allowing a smaller aperture (Colt Australia, 2017).
PASSIVE DAYLIGHTING DIAGRAM
Living Room
Level 3
Bedroom 1
Overhangs of 500mm project horizontally on BEDROOM 1 TOILET 3 the Northern side of the home, designed to block the high projection of the summer sun whilst allowing winter sun into bedroom 1
toilet 1
Shading system: Internal drapes
Shading system: External louvre shading
kitchen/ Lighning system: Skylights dining AC
1
Section 1
Decidious trees adds shade from the sun energy while losing their leaves
1 : 50 to different window placements, Air ventilation according flowing from Bedroom 3 to the low placed awning window located on the living room.
BEDROOM 2
3000 sun 65° Summer Level 2 Oct- 26 Feb 17 2700
Win t 19 J er Sun uly3 26 M 4° ay
BEDROOM 1
Level 1
indirect sunlight
0
direct sunlight
Roof window skylights
During winter, deep solar energy is Section 1 stored the slab and released overnight. 1 1 :inside 50 In summer, cool night breezes passes over the thermal mass, diminishing stored energy. (Your Home, 2017). Level 3
Cross ventilation Plan view
Shading system: External louvre shading Laundry
3000 Level 2 2700
toilet 2
Cross ventilation paths are created using opening doors and windows through different rooms Level 1 0
2 2 are fully opened. Casement windows at bedroomSection 1 and bedroom 2 1 :150 2 casement windows at bedroom of size 600x800 at leeward side is approximately 25% bigger than the casement window (W6) at bedroom 2. Furthermore, the distance between cross section AA does not account to more than 5 times more the distance between ground to ceiling. Therefore, a rule of thumb for natural ventilation has been applied allowing the process during summer season.
bedroom 3 Shading system: Vegetation Decidious trees also planted on the North, East and West area of the house to allow absorption of heat during winter and stop heat gain in summer
1 : 50
aB Section view Roof not been modified into Skillion Drawn on Autode
Level 3 3000
Legend BEDROOM 1
Cross ventilation movement
Bedroom 2
WATER FEATURES Pond located on the rear garden landscape supplies outdoor thermal mass cooling to the Northern and Western facades where they recieve the strongest sun during summer season.
PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES
2
Section 2
Shading system: Vegetation Dwarf shrubs underneath window to aid in cross ventilation and absorption of heat.
BEDROOM 2
Mixture of high+ low openings to allow natural ventilation, fresh airdrawn in, circfulates through the building creating a comfortable and cool space for the client
1
3
Environmental Building Systems APBL20036 Assignment 1: Residential Design
Marcus Strang Friday, 3.15-5.15 P.M.
2700
Level 1 0
Section 1
aa Section view
1 : 50
Passive Thermal Design
Scale 1:100 @A3 EMU HOUSE Placement of windows1. Largest sliding window placed facing the Northern side of the house to fully recieve natural light and heat of the sun 2. To reduce the sun’s direct sunlight that passes through the living room, a pergola with fast growing decidious vines are planted to provide shade during the hottest months of summer. Since the client (mom) is an avid gardener, the pergola can also act as a greenhouse where other kinds of potted plants and shrubs for shade surrounds the structure of the wall.
Name: Celina Supurnami Yaputra Student Number: 813602
TOILET 3
Level 2
Roof not been modified into Skillion Drawn on Autodesk Revit
aC DETAIL view 3. Windows placed on the west areas (toilet 1 and toilet 2) are minimised due to higher amount of sun energy 4. Skylights serve as temporary ventilation access when doors and windows are kept closed.
Date: 11 August 2017
N
SkillIon ROOF AIr VENTILATION Level 3 3000 Level 2 2700
Skylights
natural ventilation Level 1 0
Legend Ceiling light surface mounted (LED downlights) Portable wall lights Exterior wall lights Ceiling fan with light
PVI
PhotoVoltanic inverter
PM
PhotoVoltanic meter
Total area of deck and pergola needed to be 14.3 m². Total wattages of lightning used outside the house: 30 Watts, further results in 2.09 watts/m², lower than the 4 W/m² maximum in outdoor areas, thus making this acceptable. Electrical switchboard placed infront of the door as clients enter the home
Ceiling fans are installed inside the key rooms of the house and functions as the primary cooling system. Coupled with passive cooling design of the building, the ceiling fans are able to ensure that the house stays cool and comfortable, especially during the summer.
Switchboard Multiple switch Single switch Exhaust fan
Gpo Multiple gpo Weather proof power point
Living Room
TELECOM AND INTERNET CONNECTION
Electrical connection Electrical grid
E
PSU NTD
Ceiling fans inside the bedrooms measure around 90 cm in diameter, while the ones on the living room are 120cm. Ceiling fan type: Swift Ceiling Fan 90cm in Brushed Chrome or White Mercator (Go Lights, 2017).
Smoke detector/ fire alarm
Bedroom 1
Electrical meter box
toilet 1
High density discharge lights
Network Termination Device Landline
DW WM F
Dishwasher Washing Machine Fridge Underground telecom connection Telecom pit Data cabling points
Solar pv System diagram Drawn on Illustrator
5. Import electricty from energy grid when household is in need of power
DC Current
1. PV array- PV cells convert solar energy into DC current
PV array positioned 34° facing North
AC Current
2. Grid Tie inverter- converts DC current into AC for household appliances 3. Electric meter box monitors and redirects the current to:
Koshner Family
4. Unused electricity flows through the utility meter and into the energy grid which will in turn provide electricity rebates for “National Electricty Grid”
Inside the Koshner house, the family installed phones thorugh landlinesonly available at the living/kitchen area because mobile phones are the preferred technology use and internet is made available through the data cabling points at the living room and bedrooms for the family, hence using the data broadband outlet further connected together by an underground telecom commmunication cable to minimise exposed wires. NBN Utility Box (Premises Connection Device) lies on the outer wall, connects with the Power Supply Unit and the Network Terminated device installed inside the home. (Sources for picture and information: My Help, 2017).
kitchen/ dining
Installed in the bathrooms to and kitchen to remove moisture out , decreases odor and promote efficient ventilation.
F laundry PCD
WM
toilet 2
toilet 3
Smoke Detectors
Three installed in the largest areas of the house shared between living/kitchen room and hallways, important for when the client overcooks food and to alert the chances of fire, smoke is detected and alarm starts. Not installed in bedrooms as they have two relatively young children and no kitchen appliances inside their respective bedrooms
bedroom 3
SOLAR SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS Solar power type installed inside the house of four people with young children are part of a larger electricty usage in the category, with 60% of young family using electricty during the day. They will be using the premium 260W Virtus II solar panel from ReneSola. Residential solar panels measure 65 inches tall by 39 inches wide, with total area of 17.6 sq ft. combining the superior quality of Monocrystalline modules, packed in a row arrayed style and projects total energy of 15kW daily. Source: Tindo Solar Calculations, 2017. Picture source: Aleko Green Energy, 2015
Bedroom 2
Fixtures Calculation
Type
Watts
Colour
Input Voltage
12W Element LED Deep Diffuser - 4.5''
12 W
Warm White 750 Lumens
240V (160275)AC 50 Hz.
This type of LED light is 80% more energy efficient and has a longer lifetime of up to 10x of CFLs, activate instantly and mercury-free which is beneficial for the family. (Choice, 2017).
High density discharge lightning High efficiency, bulb serves as a double ended compact lightning with globe made of ceramic placed on the larger hallway between the house to provide a singular but superior lightning for the client. (GMT lightning, 2017).
Track Mountted Lights Light fixtures on the living room ceiling are placed on a continous track to provide sufficient lightning for the larger area of the house and appropriate as the family spends quality time here (Discount lightning, 2017).
Total area of indoor area needed to be lighted: 95.36 m². Total wattages of lightning used inside the house: 455 Watts, which results in 4.77 watts/m², Exterior lower than the maximum 5 Wall Lights W/m2 of lightning indoors, For night time lightmaking the placement ing and entertainmeappropriate. nt (Go lights, 2017).
Lifetime
Number of fixtures
35,000 hours
14
Total Watt= 168 W
LEDlux Mance 650 Lumen Dimmable Wall Bracket in Black
21 W
3000K Warm White
220 V
35,000 hours
2
Total Watt= 42 W Philips Master Colour CDM TD Ceramic Metal Halide 70W Warm White
70 W
3000K Warm White
230 V
9000 hrs
1
Total Watt= 70 W
YARRA - White 1 Light Adjust able Interior 240 Volt Spot Light (Globe Not Included)
35 W
3000K Warm White
240 V
Not specified
5
Total Watt= 175 W Outdoor light fixtures LED Wall Light Outdoor Charcoal
10 W
3000K Warm White
230 V
Not specified
E
4 5. Supplying appliances to the household and power lights
Exhaust Fan
PVI
Power Supply Unit
PVM
Premise Connection Device
Surface mounted (LED downlights)
Installed as dimmable wall lightnings on the master and teenager bedroom to provide lightning as an adjust able lamp for reading and create aesthetics (Beacon lightning, 2017).
Lights (Track Mountted)
DW
Indoor light fixtures
Portable Wall lightnings
Street electricity pole with light
PCD PSU NTD
LIGHTING SPECIFICATIONS
Name: Celina Supurnami Yaputra Student Number: 813602
Electrical and telecommunication Scale 1:80 @A3 EMU HOUSE
Environmental Building Systems APBL20036 Assignment 1: Residential Design
Marcus Strang Friday, 3.15-5.15 P.M.
Date: 28 August 2017
N
3
Legend
SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEM
DECK
6000 L of rainwater tank will be located underneath the outdoor timber deck to aid in conserving space of the house
Gas heater Hot water system
Rainwater Tank
Stormwater for garden treatment
Rainwater filter underground Rainwater downpipes Gas flue Booster
B
Pump
Filter
Downpipes located on the upper part of the ceiling integrated into the roof and into the outer part of the walls.
Rainwater Tank
Main Water connection B
Living Room
Main Gas connection Rainwater connection Hotwater connection Coldwater connection GAS
GAS Gas mains
w
w
LPD
Legal point of discharge
PV panels
GM
toilet 1
Bedroom 1
Water mains
Solar Tubes collector
M
Skillion-to- Lean roof system
Cold water supplied inside bathrooms, refrigerator , sink (for drinking water) and washing machine.
Collecting Rainwater from roof
kitchen/ dining
DW B
Flaundry
Water meter Gas meter
Rainwater tank Specifications
Source: Tank Calculator Roof total water catchment area would be around 520 sqm and the average daily use of water for the famiy of two adults and two children is calculated to have a total of 400 L/day, making tank recommendation of 10 000 L in size.
Source: Bunnings Melro Under Deck Slimline Polyethylene Rainwater Tank Modifier Bladder typed, below deck tank 4000 L, includes an inlet and pump for filteration purposes.
Source: Ebay Melbourne Metro Pro Plastics 6000LT Round Rain Water Tank Used underneath the roof area to collect water and into the rainwater collection area
Name: Celina Supurnami Yaputra Student Number: 813602
D HOT WATER SYSTEM
WM toilet 2
The hot water system is to be placed externally to reduce noise, but distance will be close to the highest demanded hot taps (shower, bathrooms and laundry) to ensure that the system will be responsive with lesser distance water has to travel and reduces heat loss through pipes.
toilet 3
Rainwater Tank bedroom 3
Uses dry system to collect rainwatersupporting the shape of a skillion roof in which water can be collected from one side.
GAS SYSTEM
Used as the family of four are in need to of gas inside the house, with the parents in need to cook for the kids, although use should be minimised as Australia’s gas are produced through fossil fuels and is a non-renewable resource. Furthermore, an excessive use of gas can effect the overall temperature inside the house. Placed to connec t to the stove and boiler inside the hot water system.
GAS
LPD
Bedroom 2
HOt water system specifications
GM
GAS
M
w GAS
w
w
w
w
w
w
GAS
Water and gas supply 5 Scale 1:80 @A3 EMU HOUSE
Environmental Building Systems APBL20036 Assignment 1: Residential Design
Marcus Strang Friday, 3.15-5.15 P.M.
Date: 28 August 2017
N
w Source: Rinnai Australia Sunmaster Range Evacuated Tube Systems The evacuated tybe solar panel is placed at 57 degrees near the solar panel. Consist of 20 evacuated tube and has storage capacities from 175 litres to 315 litres, this hot water system will fit a family of four with relatively high amount of water usage and was calculated on the website. This hot water system is connected to the main water system in which cold water flows from rain water tank to the solar tube collectors located on the roof and PV panels further heats up water systematically, which prompts the water to return back to the tank once more. A gas booster is also included to produce hot water during winter season.
Lowest Point of Site
Sewer Vent
Honeysuckle Source: Gardening Know How
Oaks- Suited for drip water irrigation Source: Backyards for Nature
To garden watering
Legend
Since the mother is a landscape architects and uses plants in their household for both aestethic and functional purposes, grey water system on the garden is an efficient solution to aid in the recycling of used water and saving on their water bills.
Greywater system Roof edge Sewerage Connection Into greywater system Out of greywater system
No perpendicular line to avoid blockage, use gradient of 60% to move the waste and intsalled underground
In addition of grey water recycling system, gardens are planted around the Northern part of the house behind the living room to provide chemical content tolerancy and increases water -permeability towards greywater use of the site.
Downpipes
Greywater + SEWER SYstem details
Source: Cornerstone Home Inspections
Grey water is a system that reuses untreated wastewater from the water located at bathrooms (tubs+ showers), bathroom and laundry sinks into use for gardens and toilets flushing. System is located at the western part of the house across the street enterance, in which less people can access and closer to areas of vegetations and sewer vent. While using the system, it is advisable for the family to use detergent and laundry products that are that are biodegradable, low in salts, and specifically intended for grey water use. Benefits of using grey water system includes decreasing the usage of water as a resource and pollution going inside the main pipe connections. However, there are safety hazards that goes along with water quality issues: Australian states have imposed restrictions, including forbidding the utilisation of spray irrigation and implemeniting capacity restrictions o n the size of rainwater tanks (Irrigation Australia, 2017).
Rainwater Tank Sewerage (black water), wastewater from toilet and kitchen sink, contains fecal matter and urine.
Rainwater Tank
24 hours maximum of storing
Living Room Bedroom 1
Kitchen sink contains water that is brimmed with grease, therefore drained into the sewage sy stem.
toilet 1
Greywater system + pump+ tank
kitchen/ dining laundry
D WM
toilet 2
OUT greywater system
INTO grey water system
toilet 3
Water flows through the gutters of the roof and down using the downpipes every 9m located at the corners of the roof edges and into the rainwater tank. Furthermore, if water inside both tanks gets excessive, water is then treated into greywater system.
OVERFLOW 4000 L
UNDERGROUND WATER TANK 6000 L
Another water recycling system that could be use inside the homes of the family is the Amway eSpring Water Filter and Purification system, with a combination of carbon-block filter and UV light to eliminate harmful bacteria, this device is installed directly to the faucets of sinks inside the kitchen area with an above or below counter unit. The aim of installing this device is to ensure that water filteration becomes an easy-one step process unlike the complicated greywater process therefore ensuring that drinking water is ultimately clean and healthy for the family with young children to consume.
Vents must be located on each house drainage system. Functions include: dry out any solid matter that adheres to the walls and prevent pockets of sewer gases from accumulating which could cause explosion
bedroom 3
Bedroom 2
WATER FILTERATION SYSTEM AMWAY KITCHEN WATER TREATMENT
Reusing grey water system: Through drip irrigation to water down plants Source: Irrigation Australia, 2017
Source: Hydration Anywhere
Water Recycling and drainage 6
To plants watering
Scale 1:100 @A3 EMU HOUSE Name: Celina Supurnami Yaputra Student Number: 813602
Environmental Building Systems APBL20036 Assignment 1: Residential Design
Marcus Strang Friday, 3.15-5.15 P.M.
Date: 28 August 2017
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Thermostat: positioned away from high concentrated sources of heat or cooling and direct sunlight. They are included inside living rooms and main bedrooms to check the temperature of the room;
The hydronic system simply heats water and moves it through sealed pipes connections to radiators installed throughout the home. The sealed system can also be used to heat towel rails inside bathrooms and floor slabs. With hydronic system, hot water and cold water travels from the hot water tank and ready to be heat up again. In this case each room will be able to activate the heating system or turn it off without affecting on other areas.
Legend Hot water system
Hydronic panel Thermostat Hydronic heated towel rail Hot water from hydronic heater
Hydronic solar panel Panels increase efficiency of the heat energy conversion by creating convection.
Radiant Heat system inside hydronic solar panel
Hot water from in-slab hydronic heater
Gas meter
Benefits of using hydronic panel: replace the usage of gas or electricity to natural resource, saving the electricity bill in long term, and the design of hydronic panel is superior in comparison to other heating system, with its minimalistic and silent aesthetics.
Gas mains
Source: Tsai 2016
Cold water from hydronic heater Cold water from in-slab hydronic heater Gas connection Gas flue
GM GAS
GAS
Living Room
B
Bedroom 1
ACTIVE Heating System: Hydronic IN SlAb
kitchen/ dining laundry B
toilet 2
Solar panels
toilet 3
Pump In-floor heating system
Hot water system
Hydronic in slab heating: Hydronic is the dominant type of floor heating inside this home because the system can be efficiently applied throughout the whole area of the house, on top of polished concrete floors and underneath the timber flooring. Heat is produced through this system by passing heated water through cold and hot water pipes which circulate the floor. The major benefit of hydronic heating is that the boiler used for heating the water can be powered by energy efficient and environmental means of solar panel. Suspended concrete slabs above a “subfloor (not above a habitable room or another dwelling) with an in-slab heating system” that contains under-slab and slab-edge insulation to reduce the amount of heat from the base concrete slab. (Source: Nathan, Johnson 2017).
Hydronic heated towel rail and solar panel with thermostats used on each bedrooms of the house to provide warmth for the parents, child and teenager during night and this is efficient as the children can adjust the temperature for their heating to their liking and does not have to wait for room to be heated up unlike radiant system which takes time to create a warm temperature inside the room. Source of picture: ATKINS, 2017
toilet 1
Panel heaters are installed inside e very bedroom, while bathrooms will use heated to wel rail which will increases the warm th of towels and su rrounding areas.
Gas Boiler
Circulation Pump
T
Electric controls
Passive design heating
bedroom 3
GM
Bedroom 2 Picture from: Peter A. Brown, 2017
SOlar hydronic system
Passive Heating previously inside the house: - Daylight sensing according to sun and climate temperature - “Humidity & CO2 control - Actuated window vents” (CIBSE, 2017).
House contains two different hot water system as domestic and hydronic heating run at different temGAS GAS GAS GAS peratures. for daily usage the temperature is around 40 to 45 degree but for hydronic panel is around 65 degree. Domestic hot water operates on open loop, while Panels are placed underneath window sill to avoid hydronic heating belongs to a closed loop. condensation on glazing Source: Ren 2016
and mixing temperature inside the room
Hydronic in-slab cross section diagram Source: Build expansioner
Name: Celina Supurnami Yaputra Student Number: 813602
HEATING 7
General climate of Melbourne states that heating would contribute most to building energy consumption as compared to cooling a building
Environmental Building Systems APBL20036 Assignment 1: Residential Design
Marcus Strang Friday, 3.15-5.15 P.M.
Scale 1:80 @A3 EMU HOUSE
Date: 28 August 2017
N
Now with active heating, heat produced is radiated from the hydronic panel slabs installed inside the room andwill be transferred across the environment of the area (Source: CIBSE, 2017)
LEGEND
Largest area inside the room, uses two primary cooling systems- ceiling fan and air conditioners. Would be beneficial especially when parents or teenagers hold parties during summer to prevent overheating the guests
A/C
Ceiling fan with downlights
A/C
Power needed for A/C units Bathroom Lights + Healer Outside unit A/C
Reverse cycle air conditioning
Indoor unit (Heating mode) Source: Daikin 2017
Airflow with ventilation Electrical connection
As one of the most common types of household air conditioners, reverse cycle air conditioning remains as an energy efficient system, in which the unit located inside will absorb heat from the air inside and evaporate heat outside, decreasing the temperature inside the house. The conditioning unit can cool a maximum temperatures as high as 46 oC. The system also is made up of an outdoor unit that composes of the compressor and condenser, and an indoor unit mounted on a reverse brick veneer wall. In this home, two reverse cycle air conditioning are placed to aid in
Living Room
Multiple switch Refgerant pipes looping between A/C units
Bedroom 1
Ceiling Fan Ventilation
toilet 1
kitchen/ dining
Reverse cycle air conditioning diagram
laundry
1. toilet 3
For other bedrooms, cooling system is based on the openings created by cross ventilation. The cooling fan can be used along with natural ventilation during summer season
A/C
A/C
toilet 2
bedroom 3 Diagram shows air movement of ceiling fan, diverting the natural ventilation During summer the fan moves in a forward mode, (counter clockwise). This will force the room air down on the family living giving them the chill effect to feel cooler. During winter the fan should run in reverse (clockwise) at a low speed. This will gently draw the room air up towards the ceiling and force the warm air down and out the walls avoiding giving the wind chill effect. (Source: Hansen Wholesale). j Houses are raised in stilits to avoid natural disasters e.g. flooding and also altitude helps attain max imum ventilation Also contains overhangs for shading
Height temperatures: Maximum ventilation with steep roofs and vast openings
Teenager’s bedroom contains two different cooling systems, a fan and reverse cycle air conditioning to aid in choosing different alternatives. As the teenager is in university, she needs concentration while studyingthe ceiling fan noise can be extremely loud and disturbing at times and do not provide enough cool during summer.
Expansion Valve External fan coil
Scale 1:100 @A3 EMU HOUSE
Passive design principles of Vernacular housing in Malaysia Source: Malaysia Vernacular
Environmental Building Systems APBL20036 Assignment 1: Residential Design
Compressor
Bedroom 2
The step roof allows for more wind circulation and therefore, more cooling.
Name: Celina Supurnami Yaputra Student Number: 813602
Cool air out
Internal fan coil
Cooling 8 Steep roofs also needed for rainwater drainage
Hot air in
Internal Unit (AC system)
Marcus Strang Friday, 3.15-5.15 P.M.
Date: 28 August 2017
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Condenser Hot air out
DROUGHT
Over the last few decades, Australia has been host to a series of extreme weather and climatic condition. Cities like New South Wales and Queensland are now all too familiar with the incidence of drought – just earlier this year in March, over 87% of the entire state of Queensland was in drought. Elsewhere in Melbourne, the story is similar; temperatures have soared to a years’ high of six degrees above the average. Given these increasingly worrying bits of climatic unpredictability, it is now more than ever essential for residential buildings to have design features that shield their occupants from the insidious effects of these natural mishaps. Today, architects make certain of that by including, design features like reverse brick veneer, concrete slab on ground and the likes to mitigate the effects of these extreme changes in climate and weather conditions, e.g. draught, power outrage and heatwave.
POWER OUTAGE The house would firstly survive as it depends on the use of Solar energy as a resource for a couple of days. The independence of solar panels grants the residential building the flexibility of generating its own power; regardless of the prevailing situation of the public grid. Unlike conventional methods of generating electricity, solar panels are shielded from the effects of adverse climatic conditions like drought and heat waves; for a fact, their performance is amped-up by such environmental mishaps. Apart from reducing the peak demand for grid derived electricity, which is unavoidably choked in the event of adverse climatic conditions, Solar panels make certain that power supply is retained even when grid supply goes offline – a relatively common occurrence in drought and heat wave situations. When the house will be struct by draught, we will want to preserve as much water as possible and we can do so by: 1. Conserve Precious Water using Green Roof Drainage layer as a composition of the green roof creates a comfortable zone for the soil to maintain its moisture even though there is no rainfall. Vegetation roots may grow down from 2-6 inches to seek aim for little puddles of water collected by the drainage layer. However, one disadvantage with adopting this new system, is that structure of the house will have to change into a flat roof as it has been adjusted to a Skillion-to-Lean roof with a 34 degree slope angle.
Succulents draught resistant plants that resembles smooth, polished stone and have the abilites of storing water in its cell tissues.
Carex nigra is common in wet grounds, considered a sedge and is often used on living roofs, needs less soil than most other grasses looking like plants.
Origanum vulgare or also known as common oregano. ground cover, growing 4 to 6 inches tall on extensive green roofs.
Source: Rora Mira nursery
OTHER WAYS to increase performance -Installing more cooling-load-avoidance features like movable window treatments, vegetative shading, and overhangs to counteract the effects of extreme weather conditions - Making provisions for a fuel-fired electric generator, to serve as another source of redundant electricity - Implementing a passive survivability framework comprised of, triple glazed windows, passive solar heating, high-efficiency insulation designs, and natural ventilation. - Installing water efficient appliances/fixtures and plumbing systems that place a priority on water conservation - Planting sustainable vegetation and trees–that have the inherent resilience to withstand long periods of droughts without the need for watering.
Name: Celina Supurnami Yaputra Student Number: 813602
However if the power outrage still presists over the period of time, the house can opt for generating electricity temporarily through the use of diesel generators. Pictured here is the Honda GX E-04 for residential housing. Generators are functional appliances that supplies electrical power whilist a strike of power outage and “prevent discontinuity of daily activities or disruption of business operations”. Furthermore, diesel generators use mechanical energy supplied to encourage movement of electric charges available inside the wire. This current of electric charges represents the output electric energy supplied as a result by the diesel generators. Source: Diesel Service and supply, 2017
Environmental Building Systems APBL20036 Assignment 1: Residential Design
HEATWAVE The house would most definitely survive during a heat wave due to these properties: Reverse brick veneer wall A Reverse brick veneer wall consequent of its configuration aims to exploit the thermal capabilities of brick, which works to prevent heat loss and gain. Aside from their flexibility, ease of construction and relatively cheaper construction costs reverse brick veneer walls are known for their efficient heating/cooling abilities and marked resistance to changes in the temperature of the external environment. According to a study published by associates of Think Brick Australia, the thermal lag of brick walls, i.e., their ability to slow down heat transfer was by far a more potent improver of thermal value than other insulative properties. In that same study, not only did brick walls demonstrate better energy efficiency, they also outperformed other lightweight walls with R-value (a measure of a wall’s insulative capabilities) three times better than brick walls. In the event of heat waves and power outages, residential buildings constructed with reverse brick veneer walls, by virtue of their relatively high thermal value make certain that the dramatic temperature changes associated with such conditions do not reach the interior of the house. By the time the changes in external temperature reflect in the internal environment of the building, it is more than likely that the inducing natural mishap would have already subsided. Concrete Slab on ground Approx. 90% of all homes in Australia are constructed with a concrete slab on ground construction and for good reasons too; because concrete slab on ground buildings have a high thermal mass they possess the inherent ability to store thermal energy for longer periods; before releasing it over a protracted duration of time. Concrete slab on the ground designs are also known for their high heat storage capacity and thermal stability consequent of the nature and volume of concrete used in its construction. Thermal stability and a high heat capacity mean that residential buildings bearing concrete slab on the ground foundations are less likely to react to fluctuations in outside temperature. This configuration also reduces the residential building’s dependency on energy intensive methods for maintaining a constant internal temperature. Cooling systems inside the house As a well-insulated and shaded area, air-conditioning can be used efficiently as a cooling system during a heatwave. Higher thermostat setting (26-28C), combined with ceiling fans can provide comfort for the family when heatwave strikes. Vegetation
DESIGN FOR RESILIENcE 9 Marcus Strang Friday, 3.15-5.15 P.M.
Date: 28 August 2017
N Source: Greenwave Energy 2017
New Home
21 Melbourne RO
Reverse Brick Veneer
2.5
133.7
Suburban
Internal Plasterboard Stud Wall
2.0
73.2
James Koshner 180 Chetwynd Street, North Melbourne
Celina Supurnami Yaputra
26.08.17
4
CSOG: Slab on Ground
encl
106.8
40.8
29.3 11.5
2.5
Cont: Attic- Continous
106.8
84.3 11
46.9
57.3
2687.4
15.3
717.6
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
9.6
58.2
558.7
0.0
0.0
10.2
9.3
94.9
0.0
0.0
9.3
10.3
95.8
5.1
47.4
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
3.9
149.3
582.3
0.0
0.0
4.8
4.3
20.6
0.0
0.0
5.7
5.3
30.2
0.0
0.0
5.1
70.4
359.1
1.0
5.1
N/A
0.43
18
0.0
2.91
ATB-005-03 B: Al Thermally Broken B DG Argon Fill High Solar Gain low-E-clear
Celina Supurnami Yaputra 813602
6.4
2.4
5.0
2.5
Cont: Attic- Continous
106.8
7.9
Marcus Strang 3.15-5.15 P.M. Friday
28 August 2017
4.2