CemWeek Magazine, Issue 31

GLOBAL CEMENT INDUSTRY. KNOWLEDGE.

FEBRUARY / MARCH 2016

31

Q&a: LEADERS

ALTA SCHOULTZ, HEAD OF INNOVATION, PRETORIA PORTLAND CEMENT

CW RESEARCH:

FIVE-YEAR FORECAST ON GLOBAL CEMENT VOLUME FEATURE:

INNOVATING A SUSTAINABLE CEMENT INDUSTRY News

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Analysis

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Market Coverage

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Interviews

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People Moves

The must-have cement and clinker

price intelligence

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Global Cement Trade Price Report We know that the everyday challenge for cement traders, independent traders, shippers as well as buyers in cement sector is the pricing strategy. The Global Cement Trade Price Report is CW Research’s benchmark price assessment for monthly gray cement, white cement, clinker and granulated blast furnace slag market prices, imports, exports and ex-works.

+ 1 - 7 0 2 - 8 6 6 - 9 4 74 research.cwgrp.com inquiries@cwgrp.com sales@cwgrp.com

Published on a quarterly basis, the GCTPR brings you all the cement sector's insights and helps you gauge what’s driving the cement market. We consistently track cement trade prices to keep you informed, so that you can make the best strategic decisions. For more information visit: http://goo.gl/eib8fE

We know the industry. let us guide you.

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EDITOR’S NOTE Letter from the editor

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON THE FUTURE OF THE CEMENT INDUSTRY

The CemWeek Magazine is published by the CW Group LLC PO Box 5263 Greenwich, CT 06831, USA T: +1-702-866-9474 www.cwgrp.com www.cemweek.com

STAFFBOX s the cement industry and technologies reach maturity, two of the most important topics of analysis are innovation and sustainability.

While old problems are solved and the industry becomes cleaner and more efficient, new challenges occur, such as fuel shortage or high-tech competitiveness.

The latest issue of CemWeek magazine focuses on the some of the most thoughtprovoking topics of the industry, in a bid to find answers and solutions for the future.

each plant’s control procedures. The story describes the analysis requirements of the X-ray fluorescence method, as well as the procedures and conditions for accurate and relevant results.

CEMWEEK PUBLISHER HEAD OF CW GROUP RESEARCH

GABRIEL BURETE

CONTENT EDITOR AND ONLINE COORIDNATOR

And as usual, CemWeek Magazine provides all the relevant news about the main indicators of the industry, including the latest facts and figures about cement volumes, energy prices, relevant people in the business, regional developments, equipment and construction projects.

Key cement players all over the world keep Don’t miss out the numbers and the trends looking for the best solutions to increase laid out in the special sections. efficiency and quality and this issue of CemWeek Magazine looks into the role played by innovation in the creation of sustainable approaches. Alta Schoultz, Head of Innovation, PPC, South Africa analyses the ways in which technological creativity can make that possible, in a feature story that details the process of creative destruction.

Another major topic of the current issue of CemWeek Magazine details some of the most modern methods of analyzing cement samples, a highly important process for

ROBERT MADEIRA

GABRIEL BURETE Content Editor and Online Cooridnator

MARINA FERNANDES

JR. EDITOR & COMMUNICATIONS ASSISTANT

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MARKETING & COMMUNICATIONS COORDINATOR

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CONTRIBUTING WRITERS & RESEARCHERS

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CONTENTS FEATURES

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5 LEADERS Q&A - INNOVATING FOR A SUSTAINABLE CEMENT & CONCRETE INDUSTRY Sustaining business growth and social and economic returns through innovation 13 2016 WORLD CEMENT DEMAND FORECAST REVISED DOWNWARD ON CHINESE SLOWDOWN 1H2016 update to the CW Research’s Global Cement Volumes Forecast Report.

17 THE NAVAS FUSION SYSTEM A simple solution for the analysis of loss on ignition and the preparation of beads of multiple samples to be used in XRF spectrometer.

23 CBI BRAZIL & LATAM 2016 The 11th edition of the Brazilian & Latin American Cement & Lime Conference exceeded expectations.

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DEPARTMENTS I NLETTER NOVATIV E E N G I N E ECWRGROUP I NMEETING G AGENDA 1 EDITOR'S CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING Q&As on the future of the cement MATERIALS BY BMWEEK.COM industry 43 Construction and building materials update 3 NUMBERS IN BRIEF Global shipping rates update EQUIPMENT 45 Equipment and notable projects 29 RESEARCH Cement Volumes Cement Energy Markets 33 PEOPLE People on the move 35 37 39 41

REGIONAL REPORTS Europe, Middle East & Africa South-East Asia Asia Pacific Americas

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INNOV

47 CW Group’s upcoming events BUZZ 48 Top 20 CemWeek and BMWeek stories

1906 – 2016

110

Since 1906, Loesche GmbH has been constructing vertical roller grinding mills. Patented in 1928, the roller grinding mill technology has been continually advanced and in the meantime is synonymous with Loesche GmbH. The new year 2016 will be a very special one – celebrating 110 years of Loesche’s innovative engineering and Loesche mills around the world !

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VATIVE ENGINEERING

For more information please refer to: www.loesche.com.

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NUMBERS IN BRIEF

SHIPPING RATES RECOVER IN Q1, BUT STILL BEHIND LAST YEAR'S FIGURES Shipping rates continue to remain low globally, even as the latest numbers have shown a positive upsurge.

The Shipping industry continues to show a declining trend since the end of last year, while indices reached their lowest levels since September of 2015.

BALTIC DRY INDEX (APR-2015 TO MAR-2016) 1,200 900 600 300

Apr ‘15

May ‘15

Jun ‘15

Jul ‘15

Aug ‘15 Sept ‘15

Source: CW Group and Lloyd’s List

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Oct ‘15

Nov ‘15

Dec ‘15

Jan ‘16

Feb ‘16

Mar ‘16

The Baltic Dry Index has set a new record low this year. Nevertheless, the latest index value stood at 354, an increase of 20.0 percent MoM. The Baltic Supramax Index increased from 247 to 377, a 52.6 percent increase MoM. These movements have come about as a result of a positive sentiment generated by the upcoming grain season in the South American market, as well as a modest rise in bunker prices.

SUPRAMAX INDEX (APR-2015 TO MAR-2016) 1,000 800 600 400 200 Apr ‘15

May ‘15

Jun ‘15

Jul ‘15

Aug ‘15 Sept ‘15

Oct ‘15

Nov ‘15

Dec ‘15

Jan ‘16

Feb ‘16

Mar ‘16

Source: CW Group and Lloyd’s List

Forecasts show that the industry will continue to contract during the rest of 2016 due to low oil and coal price and an oversupply of vessels. These events are expected to push freight rates down and contribute to the persistence of the sluggish market seen since mid2015. Meanwhile, even though China’s economy is slowing down, the country is focusing on importing crude to boost inventory.

Additionally, the lifting of the Iranian nuclear sanctions could prove to be a positive sign for the shipping industry. The increase in crude oil production in Iran is expected to bring more shipments to customers globally including Europe and India. This is likely to drive demand for crude oil tankers. www.cemweek.com

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FEATURE

INNOVATING A

SUSTAINABLE CEMENT

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INDUSTRY

Innovation is much more than technology and will increasingly become part of every facet of modern life. Every product and every industry are subject to a process of creative destruction. Technology has democratized innovation through connectivity and social collaboration.

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Q&A: LEADERS

ONE OF THE NEWEST PROJECTS YOU WORKED FOR IS A WEB BASED COLLABORATION PLATFORM. TELL US WHAT IS THE IDEA BEHIND THE CEMENT & CONCRETE CUBE AND HOW DOES IT WORK? Collaboration and open innovation is a key to sustainable solutions. The Cement & Concrete Cube (C3) is a web-based collaboration platform that allows industry stakeholders to share information in digital format, connect with experts and keep up to date with industry news. It is supported by an industry specific technical library that will make the latest research information available to registered users. This library is open to users in Africa that do not have access to academic libraries or aggregated content services. The key differentiator of this information platform is an intelligent search engine that finds relevant information in an unstructured data environment. We want to connect cement and concrete users, designers, academics, industry experts and enthusiasts.

WHAT WOULD BE THE TOP THREE NEWEST TECHNOLOGIES THAT DRAW YOUR ATTENTION? • 3-D printing because it will change the way we design, manufacture on demand and keep inventory; • digital technology that will enable smart future living through the Internet of Things; • nano-scale technology for the production of energy-efficient, recyclable, and sustainable building materials.

WHAT IMPROVEMENTS DOES THE EMERGING FIELD OF BIOMIMETIC ENGINEERING BRING TO 7

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ALTA SCHOULTZ, HEAD OF INNOVATION Alta Schoultz, Head Innovation, Pretoria Portland Cement (PPC) has 25 years’ experience in the cement and lime manufacturing industries. She is currently the Head of Innovation at PPC driving the innovation strategy. Recent projects include the PPC Imaginarium and the Cement & Concrete Cube, an industry web-based collaboration platform.

THE CEMENT INDUSTRY? PLEASE NAME SOME OF THE NEW METHODS USED. (INNOVATION IN THE INDUSTRY) An emerging approach for sustainable solutions is to look at the principles of zeroenergy, zero-waste and resilience in the natural environment. We apply principles from engineering, chemistry and biology to the synthesis of new materials and alternative designs that are modelled on nature’s strategies. The applications could mimic form, process and/or ecosystems.

INDUSTRY MUST ALWAYS TAKE HEED OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES. BESIDES ENERGY EFFICIENCY WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON REASONS THAT LEAD TO ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES BEING ADOPTED IN THE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS’ INDUSTRY? (SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES & CEMENT MANUFACTURING RESPONSE) Resource efficiency is a big driver of innovation. The industry is improving manufacturing and construction processes to utilise more industrial waste and by-product materials and is installing new technologies to reduce waste and emissions in the manufacturing process.

We design our products for improved durability and recyclability. This serves both the economic (affordability) and the environmental

BESIDES ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS, NEW TECHNOLOGIES ARE UTILIZED FOR LOGISTICS AND REMOTE OPERATIONS. COULD YOU GIVE US SOME EXAMPLES OF SUCH NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND COMPANIES USING THEM? (THE NEW AGE TECHNOLOGIES) Supply chain optimisation will develop into a new science using the Internet of Things (IoT), digital sensors, networks, and big-data analytics to assess efficiencies in real time. Conventional technology will also be replaced with low-environmental-impact technology that may reduce the consumption of materials (packaging) and fuel energy.

Interesting examples are found in the search for new materials: Scientists have been trying to copy the ceramic-like inner coatNew technologies that include remote access ing manufactured by abalone in seawater capabilities, performance monitoring and at low-temperatures. advanced process control This material combines capabilities, allow the autonoWe apply principles from engineering, chemistry and mous and remote monitorstrength with toughness and is twice as strong as biology that are modeled on nature's strategies. ing and running of plants in our toughest high-tech remote locations. This need is ceramics. Ceramics are driven by geographical locagood insulators, but can also serve as struc- and climate change agendas. With increased tion, energy and productivity demands, low tural elements in energy-efficient build- competition we also seek growth, and as the commodity prices and skills shortages. Rio ings. Biological materials have also inspired demand for sustainable products grow, these Tinto’s has a fleet of autonomous haul trucks lightweight construction and innovative new markets may offer opportunities. in the Pilbara, Western Australia and their materials such as self-healing concrete and operations centre in Perth manages a network composite materials.

In addition to sustainable manufacturing pro- of mines and infrastructure up to 1,500 kilomecesses we have to also look at our contribution tres away. A number of cement industry playArchitects use termite-mounds as design inspi- to the “greening” of the value chain and how we ers already offer remote web-based monitoring ration for energy-efficient regulation of tem- encourage the sustainable use of our products. and process optimisation services. perature, humidity, and airflow in modern These elements are all connected in an environbuildings. Modern roof structures are designed mental and economic ecosystem with greater Innovation goes beyond technology such as to collect moisture in a similar way that Namib demands from our consumers and the commu- driverless trucks, and includes energy managedesert beetles collect water from fog. nities in which we operate. The key is to dem- ment systems, remote condition monitoring onstrate longer-term sustainability strategies. and new funding models. www.cemweek.com

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FEATURE he construction and concrete industry, estimated to be worth 10% of global GDP, is responsible for most of the modern world’s infrastructure and associated economic development. The cement and concrete industry is critical for economic growth and a significant source of employment.

Global cement production has increased to 4.3 billion tons in 2014, with a significant impact on resources.1 The World Business Council for Sustainable Development reports that buildings consume

one third of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and 40% of global landfill waste. But it also offers the biggest opportunity for a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, at least cost2.

SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES FOR THE CEMENT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY Sustainability is important to the wellbeing of our planet and continued human development. Increasing concerns about possible consequences of abrupt climate change have commanded extensive scien-

Portland cement production is faced with a number of significant challenges associated with energy and resource conservation, the cost of production and GHG emissions. The cement industry is responsible for approximately five percent of the anthropogenic global GHG emissions. A further threat is the declining amount of high quality limestone used as a primary raw material.

CEMENT MANUFACTURING RESPONSE In the assessment of eco-impact of a prod-

The industry has significantly reduced its eco-footprint, using three major strategies such as the reduction of clinker content through the use of supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag

32% of all resources, approximately 40% of global energy resources, 12% of global water, and is responsible for approximately 1. CEMBUREAU quarterly economic reports, Q2 (2015) 2. Sustainable Buildings and Climate Initiative, United Nations Environment Program, (2011) 3. A Safe and Just Space for Humanity, Oxfam Discussion Paper, (2012)

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tific and political attention. Sustainability uct or process, energy is a central theme, models such as the Triple Bottom line and and the subsequent main focus is on the Live Capital Model of Sustainability energy efficiency. The main initiatives to have been used extensively as a framework improve the eco-impact of cement producfor managing sustainability3. One of the tion are therefore focused on a reduction more recent in resource models, and enerstructured gy requireSustainability is important to the a rou n d e nt s . well-being of our planet and our continued m “planetar y Energ y human development boundaries” accounts attempts to for a high construct a proportion ‘safe operating space for humanity’ using of production costs, and thus for economa set of nine critical earth-system pro- ic reasons process engineering solutions cesses with ‘tipping points’ or gradients of remain critical for fuel and electrical enerincreasing risk against which sustainability gy efficiency. A further aspect was added credentials are measured. to this at the start of the 1990s when CO2

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abatement was pursued for climate protection purposes.

The industry has responded to the threat of global climate change and has significantly reduced its eco-footprint, using three major strategies: Improved efficiency through new technology; the use of alternative fuels, materials and renewable energy, and the reduction of clinker content through the use of supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag. These initiatives achieved a reduction of 17% in the specific net CO2 emissions per ton of cementitious product since 1990, from 756kg/ton to 629kg/ton4.

Concrete is, by mass, the most commonly used construction material in the world 85% of modern construction materials is concrete. Although concrete, when compared to other building materials has a comparatively low embodied energy value, it has a significant impact by absolute volume, attracting much attention in the media5.

Alternative building technologies are beginning to replace traditional brick and mortar building

the global economic growth and contraction cycles. Since the global financial crisis in 2008, we have seen an unprecedented acceleration in adoption of technology.

Much of this new wave of technology has a sustainability focus and is based on resource efficiency, driven by the cost of natural resources and the opportunity cost of waste.

fits, while simultaneously minimizing both environmental and economic costs. In a full eco-efficiency evaluation of cement, we also consider the environmental costs and the diverse economic, social and environmental benefits of the use of cement and concrete.

But innovation is much more than techTHE CURRENT FOCUS IS ON INNOVATION nology and will increasingly become part After significant improvements in cement of every facet of modern life. Every prodproduction processes and technologies uct and every industry is subject to a proover the last few decades, the remaining potential for further reduction Using a systems of the carbon footprint is limited. approach, linking innoAlternative building technologies The use of limestone as the primary such as pre-cast, tilt-up and light steel-frame vation and sustainabilraw material for clinker manufacity, we should shift our are beginning to replace traditional brick turing is a fundamental barrier to thinking towards susfurther emissions reduction. Furtainable construction and mortar building in some markets. ther improvements are now directed and the intelligent use of at improving efficiency in the use of concrete in sustainable cement through innovative design, con- cess of creative destruction. Technology structures with a minimal total impact struction processes and alternative build- has democratised innovation through con- during its life cycle. This approach uses ing technologies. nectivity and social collaboration. design, construction and building management to maximize resource efficiency Innovation is often equated with “new INNOVATION IN THE CEMENT AND CON- and reduce waste, water and energy contechnology�. The rate at which we adopt CRETE INDUSTRY sumption. Typically, 80-90% of the energy technology has historically correlated with Sustainability requires more than a nar- used during a building’s life-cycle is conrow focus on the carbon footprint of the sumed during the in-use phase, so whilst 4. World Business Council for Sustainable Development, cement product at the factory gate. Meas- the embodied energy of the construction Cement Sustainability Initiative (2013) uring the eco-efficiency is a way to maxi- materials is important we should design 5. Hammond & Jones, Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE), University of Bath (2008) mize environmental and economic bene- for energy efficient operation.

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FEATURE Innovation is both driven by and supported by developing new fields in science. Straightforward disciplines like biology, chemistry and physics are becoming increasingly specialized and interdisciplinary. The emerging science of biomimetic engineering looks at nature-inspired solutions for sustainable energy and new building materials. The industry has focussed much of its research and development investment on the development of low-carbon substitutes and ultra-high performance materials that enables advanced engineering designs and new construction technologies.

NEW MATERIALS, TECHNOLOGIES AND SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION Recent advances in materials development include innovative organic chemical admixtures for concrete: plasticisers, setting retarders and accelerators, shrinkage-reducers and air- and water-entraining admixtures. More recent innovations include embedded micro-devices for structural monitoring, phase-changing materials, and additives for self-healing and self-curing of concrete. The commercial development of alternative binders such as calcium sulfo-aluminate cements (CSA), Novacem (magnesium based), geopolymers, calcium aluminate cements (CAC), Celite cement and alkali-activated cement have enjoyed industry attention.

Alternative building technologies such as pre-cast, tilt-up and light steel-frame is beginning to replace traditional brick and mortar building in some markets. Although 3D-printing materials are not new, we have seen rapid advances in the use of concrete to print complete multi-level buildings. 3-D printing will allow for mass housing delivery with individual customisation.

New technologies can increasingly be seen in the entire value chain. There is an increased use of intelligent machines for routine tasks. One of the most recent examples is mining company Rio Tinto’s auton-

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Located in the Western Cape, PPC’s De Hoek plant uses tyres as an alternate fuel to coal

omous (driverless) trucks operating at the Nammuldi iron ore mine in Western Australia. Enterprise drone management platforms will start to change the game for logistics and remote building operations.

New manufacturing technologies are routinely introduced to improve efficiencies and the quality of emissions.

INNOVATION ECOSYSTEMS Innovation does not happen without an ecosystem to support the process. Ideas will not be commercialised unless we develop regulatory and institutional frameworks, linking research & development with funding, and institutions with business and industries. Where the necessary infrastructure to protect intellectual property does not exist, we have to build capacity. We have to invest and support technology hubs and incubators to drive innovation and entrepreneurship. The introduction and scaling of new

SUSTAINABLE SOCIETIES Innovation is also driven by growing consumer activism and a demand for sustainable products. Consumers enjoy almost There is a growing appreciation for susinfinite choice and transparency thanks to tainable construction design with a focus social networks and connectivity and busion energy efficiency, impact on human nesses can longer compete on productwell-being and physical, environmental based differentiation only. We will have to and technological resources for partner with societies wanting new and existing buildings. New to collaborate in solving chalbuildings are designed with intelenges in housing, basic servicWe have to invest and support grated food, water, waste and es and infrastructure through technology hubs and incubators in order to energy cycles – an example is the sustainable products and techdrive innovation and entrepreneurship.

BIQ house in Germany that uses nologies. For economic surviva micro-algae bioreactor façade al, especially in the developing in the building’s shading system world, we will have to develop to produce renewable energy. Architecture technologies can only happen if change is innovative financing models. is also responding with appropriate design synchronised with standards for materials and innovative application of concrete and and non-traditional building technologies.

Innovation is about sustaining business other materials. Traditional orthogonal growth and social and economic returns by formwork can be replaced with fluid fabric Learning and skills development in the identifying opportunities and technologies formwork to cast structures using up to 40% industry will be augmented by mobile- for a sustainable future. It requires that we less concrete than an equivalent strength learning technologies and the availability not only consider the efficiency of operaprismatic section, with a significantly lower of massive open online courses (MOOCs) tions and processes, but also green our embodied energy in the structure6. offered by leading universities. Successful supply chains and find innovative business innovation will require collaboration and models to develop sustainable products that knowledge sharing. meet market needs.

6. Orr, J, Derby, A. et.al.Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath.

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FEATURE

2016 world cement demand forecast re downward upon Chin slowdown

Global cement volumes are expected to slow down following China’s significant decline, bringing down the average growth rate over 2015-2020 to 0.7 percent, according to the 1H2016 update to the CW Research’s Global Cement Volumes Forecast Report.

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evised nese

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FEATURE

The economic output in China and Russia is expected to fall further, while advanced economies will see tepid rebound.

The sharpest declines, in the range of 9 to 20 percent, were reported in Russia, Ecuador, Brazil and Greece.

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he economic output in China and Russia is expected to fall further, while advanced economies will see tepid rebound. The areas where the strongest growth is expected are the Middle East, North Africa and Pakistan, while Latin America will experience a steep decline on account on further slowdown in Brazil.

THE ECONOMIC LANDSCAPE 2015 brought with it some unexpectedly strong performers, such as India and Argentina, but other markets gave more way than expected. Cement demand increased by 10 to 20 percent in countries such as Senegal, Philippines, Kenya,

Vietnam, Pakistan, the Czech Republic or India. Other countries that fared well were Saudi Arabia, the UK, Mexico and Bulgaria, with growth rates between 5 and 10 percent. The sharpest declines, in the range of 9 to 20 percent, were reported in Russia,

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Ecuador, Brazil and Greece. Other countries that also posted significant drops were Switzerland, Jordan and France.

MAIN FORECAST REVISIONS The update to the Global Cement Volumes Forecast Report highlights both upward and downward revisions to the expectations for 2016, depending on regional or specific conditions for each country.

Some of the most severe downward revisions in the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) occurred in Brazil, where consumption is deeply impacted by weak economic conditions, and China, where the economic decline is projected to continue. Nigeria is also impacted by the oil

price decline, while Lebanon is marred by regional conflicts and Thailand sees a slower economic growth.

On the bright side, forecasts have been revised for the better in several countries.

ABOUT THE REPORT

Senegal sees strong growth despite weak commodity prices, Iran benefits from the by lifting of sanctions, while India is expected to see construction activity to pick up. Other markets with better-thananticipated prospects are Pakistan, where the domestic market remains strong despite exports decline, Saudi Arabia, with high resilience to the decline in oil prices decline and strong investment in construction, which is also seen in Indonesia.

In turn, Canada is boosted by growth in the U.S. CHINA’S SLOWDOWN EXPECTED TO AFFECT GLOBAL MARKET Overall, the world cement consumption is projected to expand 0.7 percent per year on average until 2020, down sharply on China slow-down. The Chinese domestic market remains under pressure, as export prices are unable to compete with Mediterranean producers on a long-term basis.

Nearby Russia too will have lower volumes as the economic output declines, while the Indian market is boosted by strong construction investment.

INDUSTRY FIGURES DEPEND ON VARIOUS LOCAL TENDENCIES Moving westward, Europe is expected to grow faster, with strong advances in Spain

The CW Research’s Global Cement Volume Forecast Report (GCVFR) is a twice-yearly update on projections for cement volumes at the national, regional and global basis. The forecast provides global and regional outlooks, as well as detailed perspective on 55+ of the world’s most important countries’ cement consumption, production, net-trade and cement production capacity. The fiveyear outlook presented in this benchmark study enables industry professionals to shape their perspective on markets and business priorities. The GCVFR report is available in multiple license options, all the October each year as well as March each year reports (i.e., two forecasts included in the subscription).

Those interested may contact the CW team at sales@cwgrp.com or +1-702866-9474 for questions and orders. and the Eastern part of the continent, although France is still under pressure.

North America remains strong despite a downward revision in CAGR, while in South America the expectations are mixed. Volumes will continue to decline in Brazil due to a bleak economic outlook, while Argentina sees strong investment in housing and infrastructure.

The update to the Global Cement Volume Forecast Report also forecasts a decline in the rate of global capacity additions, especially after 2018, especially as China, which has an estimated 57 percent of the global capacity, moves to remove outdated production technology and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

The GCVFR Report update highlights that in 2015-2020, the main drivers of the cement industry will be Asia - except China, with an expected 5 percent increase, North America, with an estimated 4 percent hike, and China, however with 1.9 percent lower volumes.

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ABOUT CW RESEARCH CW Research is a leader in syndicated and data-driven market research solutions.

The company offers independent perspectives on multiple industrial market segments (e.g., Cement, metals & minerals, and specialty chemicals) and deep functional expertise in market intelligence, sourcing intelligence, commodity pricing intelligence.

CW Research also provides custom industry and competitive research programs for operating companies, financial analysts, consultants, governments, suppliers and many others as well as tailored studies together with CW Advisory.

Our team operates in the USA, India, Brazil, Portugal and Romania.

For more information: research.cwgrp.com FEBRUARY / MARCH 2016

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FEATURE Contribution by: Jose Las Navas, Navas Instruments Laura Oelofse, Rigaku

THE

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NAVAS

FUSION SYS

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STEM

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FEATURE inished cement samples have traditionally been analyzed by the fusion method with an XRF analysis.

The fusion bead method offers the advantage of transforming all elements to the oxide form regardless of their compound derivations. The improvement in analytical accuracy, offered by the fusion technique, makes for far better quality control and can be extended to clinkers for better kiln control as well.

Since the Lime Saturation Factor (LSF) is such a critical process control parameter, the calculation of the LSF based on fusions tends to be a great deal, more accurate than that carried out by using pressed pellets for analysis purposes.

economics, an efficient control system is necessary to quantitatively monitor the conversion pathway for limestone, sand and marl to clinker and for the blending of clinker with anhydrite or gypsum to form cements.

Raw meal and clinker analysis have traditionally been carried out using hydraulically pressed pellets and reading by XRF. This has been based on the assumption that the clinker output for a given kiln remains fairly constant with small variations, which can be tolerated in the “in-type” standardization method used to calibrate the XRFs. The fusion bead method is an effective sample preparation technique for an accurate analysis of a wide variety of powder

gain on ignition (GOI) in samples, evaporation of flux and decomposition of oxidizing agents and non-wetting agents added during fusion.

These variables can cause analytical errors in the fusion bead method as well as introduce matrix effects.

Attempts to correct for variations in weight based on flux weight and sample weight and to correct for LOI/GOI have been applied in the calibration method to eliminate these error factors in the fusion method for ore analysis (ISO9516-1: 2003 (E)), but the application of these corrections is limited and not flexible.

Rigaku Corporation has established a unique, easy-to-use, Fusions must be monitored for universal fusion bead This simplified fusion methodology saves time losses associated with the oxicorrection method and can be run by non-technical operators. dation of compounds to their for the empirical calioxide form, as well as the loss of bration method with intrinsic moisture. Traditionally, matrix correction for the fusion process has been carried out on samples by XRF spectrometry such as ores, fusion bead analysis. The advanced correcpre-dried and pre-ignited samples. With rocks and refractory materials in order to tion equation has been derived from the the advancement in automated fusion eliminate heterogeneity due to grain size theoretical intensity equation based on the machines, it is possible to take the sample and mineralogical composition. principle of X-ray absorption characterison an as received basis, and monitor the tics. weight changes associated with the various In order to obtain highly accurate results, losses and establish a final bead weight. it is necessary to provide a constant flux- The equation consists of alpha coefficients, to-sample ratio (flux ratio) in each sample computed by a fundamental parameter The ratio of the bead weight, to the initial preparation. Even though the weighing is (FP) method. The software computing sample weight, allows the accurate calcu- performed precisely, variation in flux ratio alpha coefficients are capable enough to lation of the loss on fusion and can then may occur due to loss on ignition (LOI) or calculate coefficients for weight ratios of be used to adjust the concentration values measured to the correct concentrations.

The use of this fusion machine allows a reduction of two hours in sample preparation time and can also yield the “Loss on Ignition” value for the sample as part of the fusion process, thereby improving the efficiency of the analysis process.

INTRODUCTION

X-ray fluorescence is widely used for the analysis of cements and process intermediates in the cement industry. Since time plays a major role in the cement plant’s

19 FEBRUARY / MARCH 2016

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flux or bead to sample and oxidizing agent to sample, as well as the matrix effect by components in samples.

Figure 1 shows changes of component weights during fusion, which can cause analytical errors. In the model, in Figure 1, weight change of oxidizing agent is also considered.

For example, when sodium nitrate is added as an oxidizing agent, sodium nitrate (X) breaks down during fusion and sodium oxide (X’) is left in bead while nitrogen oxide is evaporated. X’ can be obtained by simply calculating from the X, because the decomposition reaction of oxidizing agent during fusion is known.

L represents the total of LOI and GOI. When the GOI of the sample during fusion is larger than the LOI of the sample during fusion, L is negative value.

Source: Navas Instruments

For cement samples the correction algorithm does not take the use of an oxidant into consideration sincle it is not used..

For simplicity, decomposed oxidizing agent X’ is expressed as X. Hence, in this paper, X represents decomposed oxidizing agent left in the bead. The weight of decomposed oxidizing agent is calculated from the original weight before fusion described above.

In addition, to those changes during fusion, the variety of weights of sample and reagents, which causes a variation of the flux ratio to standard ratio, has to be included in correction factors. These correction schemes are embedded in the Rigaku ZSX software, but may be available on many other XRF software platforms.

The furnace, of only 2 KW 220 AC being circular, has a perfectly controlled temperature with air recirculation for greater homogeneity, furnace capacity up to 16 beads, maximum (it can go higher) temperature 1,150 – 1,200 C, higher temperatures are not necessary since flux starts to evaporate at 1,100 C. Information, including graphs and weight loss provided about flux evaporation at 1,100 C can be provided upon request.

The flux used does not contain non wetting agent.

EXPERIMENTAL

Chemistry laboratory workbench

The system is made of 1 furnace and 2 precision balances of 0.1 mg readability.

A PC or laptop is linked to an external and internal balances. Internal inside the furnace frame, both balances are connected to a Navas Instrument designed electronic board, USB from the furnace is connected to a PC or laptop with a USB cable for operation and data handling. The software is in multitasking with extended capabilities should anyone need a software change for special applications.

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OPERATION

The buoyancy factor for each moldable has been established once off to compensate for the weight variance in operating temperatures.

The operator will calibrate flux contamination by fusing a bead with only flux for every new flux container.

FEBRUARY / MARCH 2016

20

FEATURE The operator will prepare a set of pieces of cellulose with no ash and add 1 mg of lithium bromide for further use. This operation can be done during the fusion process, the cellulose ball added after the bead has been fused and LOI results measured.

PROCEDURE

An operator places on a moldable and the program will take the weight on an external balance.

The auto dozer will add 50% of the pre programmed flux weight – the exact weight will be measured automatically.

The operator adds approximately 500 mg of sample, no precision weighing needed here.

The exact weight of sample will depend upon the desired sample to flux ratio.

The instrument will load each one of the moldable automatically into the furnace that is at 1,050 C and start the fusion cycle.

Moldables will stay for about 3-5 minutes for the flux to melt.

Moldables will be inclined (with a patent pending system) and occasionally be agitated by rotation and reverse operation of the ceramic carousel that holds the moldable, this dual agitation and mixing system provides very homogeneous beads and eliminates entrapped air.

Simultaneous to the fusion process, weights are taken inside the furnace on every moldable until the programmed time has expired, those weights indicate if any flux evaporation (normally none), LOI on the sample and final bead weight calculated as a flux minus sample minus LOI taking into

Source: Navas Instruments

The program will present the needed flux to obtain the proper ratio, for example 1-10, operator doses flux and observes number going down to zero +- 0.3 mg or better.

The initial sample mass is recorded, the mass of flux added is recorded. The moldable with sample and flux is placed in auto loader.

This process is repeated until there are no more samples.

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consideration moldable buoyancy and flux contamination weight loss.

After the LOI result is obtained the furnace plug will open and the lithium bromide of only 1 mg (or other non-wetting agent).

The operator places one ball at the time by tongs inside the moldable that are just below the furnace ceramic plug, the carousel rotates at every addition. This ensures the uniform release of the fused bead from the surface of the platinum moldable.

The beads come out automatically from the auto loader for cooling.

No moldable cleaning needed, as it can be reused again, as they are perfectly clean, no residues are left in the moldable after fusion.

Beads are measured by XRF and the weights of the sample and flux or the weights of the sample and final bead weight can be entered and made available for XRF calculations.

COMPARISON OF XRF CORRECTIONS FOR SAMPLE To show the efficacy of the approach used

by The Navas Fusion System, ten replicate

Source: Navas Instruments

beads of the same Portland cement were made and measured on a Rigaku Supermini 200 using the two different correction approaches.

The spread in the data is evident in the second experiment due to the assumption that the sample/flux ratio remains constant, which is not the case.

The replicate results were compared to each element measured from low and high readings, and an average was calculated for the ten replicates. A measure of the spread of the data was then made to see how well the replicates agreed with each other.

There are small losses of flux and of nonwetting agent that has happened in a nonuniform way, during the fusion and thus, one cannot adjust for these losses unless a measurement of the final bead weight is

The fact that you do not have to pre-dry the sample, as the LOI factor is determined in situ in the furnace at the time of the fusion, saves meaningful amounts of time and allows for highly precise analysis to be carried out with greater precision and ultimately better accuracy.

The elimination of crucible cleaning in the Navas moldable configuration (a must in the crucible-casting mold combination) There is no need for manual weighing, makes operation of this In the second set of data a uniform approximate weights are accurately captured by fusion system extremesample to flux ratio was assumed, The Navas Fusion System. ly simple, and increases as it would be the case with all the convenience assoother commercially available ciated with the fusion fusion machines and the standard devia- taken and used in the correction term. preparation and saves substantial amounts tion for each replicate set was calculated, of time. this was repeated.

CONCLUSION In conclusion, the Navas Fusion sys- REFERENCE But, this time the actual catch weights of tem provides users with a unique abil- 1. S. Shoji, K. Yamada, E. Furukawa, H. Kohno and M. the sample and the final bead weight were ity to weigh the sample into the crucible Murata: Advances in X-ray Chemical Analysis Japan entered into the XRF program and the and record the weight. The bead weight is 23 (Japanese), 1992), 177–187 standard deviation of the first set of data measured in situ in the furnace. were compared to the second set.

2. ASTM C114-11 Standard Test Methods for ChemThese data sets are available for input into ical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement Comment [R7]: From the data presented, it can be clearly the relevant XRF software to automatically This will come at the end of article but above the seen that the use of the sample weight/final correct for these small changes in the sam- author’s name bead weight ratio gives more precise values ple/ flux ratio, allowing for more precise for the analysis as evidenced by the smaller and ultimately better accuracy of analysis.

3. Advances in X-ray Analysis Vol 56 , M.Watanabe, RSDs for every element.

H.Inoue, Y.Yamada, M.Feeney, L.Oelofse, Y.Kataoka

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FEBRUARY / MARCH 2016

22

FEATURE

CBI BRAZIL & LATAM 2 BRINGS TOGETHER TOP INDUSTRY EXECUTIVES FROM 12 COUNTRIES

The 11th edition of the Brazilian & Latin American Cement & Lime Conference - CBI Brazil & LatAm 2016 exceeded the expectations of the industry professionals attending the event, demonstrating that despite facing the toughest market conditions in 20 years, the cement and lime industries are consolidating their position and adapting their strategy to respond to the competitiveness of the international market.

23 FEBRUARY / MARCH 2016

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2016

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FEBRUARY / MARCH 2016

24

FEATURE

“The event was one of the best.

The quality of the people that attended was very good.”

Adriano Greco, FCT International

25 FEBRUARY / MARCH 2016

he CBI Brazil & LatAm 2016 was held on the 24th and 25th of February at the Tivoli Mofarrej Hotel in Sao Paulo and brought together more than 150 industry professionals from 12 countries (Columbia, France, Guatemala, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Peru, Spain, Switzerland, Uruguay, United Kingdom United States of America) and 13 exhibiting companies.

The Congress program included 25 speakers, a dedicated session for Concrete, Precast and Aggregates –Brascon 2016, the “Dr. Clemente Greco” Award for the Best Cement and / or Lime Project, a plant visit at the Votorantim Cimentos Plant near Salto – Sao Paulo and a raffle with an exclusive prize: the real Athens Olympic Torch.

The event also hosted a Poster session in the exhibit space where various companies had the opportunity of showcasing their best projects for the industry.

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CBI Brazil & LatAm 2016 was sponsored

by Beumer, Claudius Peters, Cimprogetti / Dynamic Air, Gebr Pfeiffer, FCT Combustion, Panalytical, Rockwell, Sabia, ScheuchTersel, Solex, Loesche, Wuerth Consulting, Bedeschi, Dal Group/Fons Technology, Fuel Tech, Haver & Boecker, Yara, RUD, Takraf, Provale, Firefly and was supported by CBIC, CCA Brazil and CemWeek.

Presentations included views on the macro-economic context of the industry, as well as prospects and challenges for the coming year, covered by Mr. Robert Madeira, Managing Director and Head of Research of CW Group, Mr. Daniel Maia, Director of Tax Consulting, PricewaterhouseCoopers, and Ms. Lillian Starke, Analyst, Morgan Stanley UK. The Lime Sector in Brazil was discussed by Mr. Marcio

Lario, General Manager Carbonated & Lime in South America, Imerys and the white cement in Brazil by Mr. Emilio Nemer Neto, President, PROvale Holdings.

Environmental issues and sustainability were debated in the presentations of Mr. Alvaro Lorenz, Global Technical Director, Votorantim Cimentos, Ms. Lucila Maria Teixeira Caselato, Sustainability Manager, Instituto Aço Brasil, Mr. Eduardo Barroso, Plant Manager, Lafarge and Mr. Luiz Cascardo, Industrial Director, Cement Roadstone Holding-CRH. Innovation, cost and productivity optimization, as well as product quality increase and technological applications were discussed by experienced industry specialists, including Mr. Constantine George Manias, General Manager, FCT Group of Companies, Mr. Phillip Hempel, Senior Sales Manager, Gebr. Pfeiffer and Mr. Stephan Oehme, Sales & Technology Director, Claudius Peters; other equipment case studies were presented by Beumer Group, Loesche, Tersel, Sabia, Scheuch Technology, PANalytical, Rockwell Automation, Solex, Dynamic Air, Cimprogetti.

The 2016 edition marked a new milestone for success in the calendar of CBI Brazil and LatAm conferences, with a high participation of executives from the cement and lime industries, an increasing number of registrations received from international specialists and an outstanding feedback expressed by the sponsors of the event, based on the new business opportunities created at CBI Brazil 2016.

The next edition will take place next year in February in Sao Paulo, Brazil. For more information and tailored offers, please contact us at sales@gmiforum.com.

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“We would like to express our sincere congratulations regarding to the EXCELLENT organization of the CBI 2016 event. “ José Maria Pereira, Fuel Tech

FEBRUARY / MARCH 2016

26

FEATURE

DR. CLEMENTE GRECO AWARD “Congratulations for the organization, quality and success of the event”. Luis Cascardo, CRH Brasil

27 FEBRUARY / MARCH 2016

The 3rd annual Dr. Clemente Greco Award celebrated the outstanding activity in the cement and lime industries. The award included two categories: The Best Cement Manufacturing Project (engineering award) and The Best Cement Innovation, Environmental or Sustainability Project.

The projects that were submitted were evaluated by an Advisory Committee formed by industry leaders, aiming to recognize companies and entities from the cement and lime industries, constantly seeking excellence in their activity: Álvaro Lorenz - Global Technical Director, Votorantim Cimentos, Robert Madeira - Managing Director and Head of Research, CW Group, Constantine George Manias - Managing Director, FCT Group of Companies, Adriano Greco Corporate Sales Director, FCT Holdings, Cássio Mortari General Projects Manager, CSN, Silvia R. S. S. Vieira - Research and Development Manager, Votorantim Cimentos, Rene Vogelaar – CEO, Bahamut Consultoria, Dr. Rafael G. Pileggi Prof. Department of Civil Con

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struction Engineering, PCC, Edvaldo Rabelo, Cement Business Director, CSN. Nominations included: • Beumer Group - Experience of the successful implementation of the alternative BEUMER Group fuels system at Aalborg Portland cement in Denmark • Scheuch - ESP–Retrofit to Bag Filter with „EMC“- Cleaning system with 10m long bags • Loesche - The COPE gearbox is on the market – the innovative concept for “Apazapan”, Mexico • Bedeschi - Primavera Project • Votorantim Cimentos – Non-traditional slag use as a cement additive in Votorantim Cimentos plants, in order to reduce environmental footprint THE BEST CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROJECT Loesche won the award for “The Best Cement Manufacturing Project”, for “Project Apazapan: Compact Grinding Plant with for Cementos Molins / Buzzi UniCem”.

In a close cooperation between RENKAG Augsburg and LOESCHE GmbH Düsseldorf it was decided to develop a new gearbox system.

The innovative result is the COPE (Compact Planetary Electrical Drive) gearbox.

The new concept is designed for gearboxes from 4,000 kW to 12,000 kW making a single and special motor (and risks) obsolete as well as eliminating the failure in the fast running first stage gear of conventional gearboxes.

The utmost important difference of this development is the fact that long stand stills of a mill (for several months) due to the repair of any of the conventional gearboxes will be a matter of the past.

THE BEST CEMENT INNOVATION, ENVIRONMENTAL OR SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT Votorantim was awarded with “The Best

Cement Innovation, Environmental or Sustainability Project”, for “Nontra- ditional slag

used cement additive, as leverage for differentiation and environmental footprint reduction”.

Today six Votorantim Cimentos plants produce, in Brazil, cements with addition of acidic slag, pozzolanic character. These acidic slags are generated by the production of nickel, copper and manganese.

Being non-traditional raw materials, the use of acidic slag was preceded by a series of characterization tests, including leaching tests. These tests were performed on the material as received and hydrated and carbonated cement pastes, in order to evaluate the performances of mortar and concrete made with cement containing these additions. The results showed that these slags behave, from the viewpoint of leaching, such as inert materials.

The addition of acid slag, particularly of manganese slag, allowed a significant reduction of the clinker factor and consequently the CO2 footprint of cement produced by Votorantim Cimentos.

At Aalborg Portland, the materials that have to be used are Residue Derived Fuel (RDF) for the calciner and Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) for the main burner. The project definition was the transport of alternative fuels from the storage hall to the rotary kiln area as well as the gravimetric feeding into calciner and main burner.

Due to the rather bad experience with long pneumatic conveying line to the calciner, Aalborg Portland decided to shorten the existing pneumatic line and replace the remaining distance by mechanical conveying. After evaluation of all possible alternatives of mechanical transport, the client decided for the concept offered by BEUMER which represented an integrated solution.

“AUDIENCE AWARD” FOR THE BEST POSTER The “Audience Award” for the Best Poster went to Beumer Group.

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FEBRUARY / MARCH 2016

28

CEMENT MARKETS

CW Research

CEMENT VOLUMES Cyprus's cement demand increased by 22.3 percent in January 2016 as compared to the previous year. January 2015 brought about very low volumes due to bleak economic conditions.

However, production the first month this year rose by 103.2 percent, mainly driven by the doubling of cement exports in January 2016.

In Pakistan, cement demand has improved in January 2016 on a year-on-year basis. According to APCMA, the Pakistani cement industry is going to benefit from construction of the ChinaPakistan Economic Corridor. However, Pakistan's Faisalabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry has expressed concerns over high prices of cement and other construction materials. Cartelization is creating major obstacle for cement price growth.

Cement demand in Indonesia has been on the rise in January 2016, increasing by 7.4 percent as compared to the previous year, and is expected to see a further expansion in cement volumes. According to the Indonesian Cement

Source: CW Research

Source: CW Research

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Russia

Belarus

Ukraine

Argentina

Japan

Thailand

Brazil

Ecuador

Japan

Argentina

Spain

Thailand

Colombia

Indonesia

Saudi Arabia

Pakistan

Morocco

Cyprus

-10%

Saudi Arabia

10%

120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% -20% -40%

Colombia

Cement production January 2016 YoY (%)

30%

-30%

Thailand’s cement demand decreased by 1.4 percent in January 2016 on a year-on-year basis.

However, cement demand is expected to recover strongly in the second half of the year, with the government's launch of numerous infrastructure projects. Manufacturers in Thailand have expanded their output by only 0.1 percent in the first month of this year. Government demand, which traditionally accounts for a third of cement demand, is expected to be driven by mass transit project launches and smaller scale stimulus projects.

Vietnam

Cement demand January 2016 YoY (%)

In Saudi Arabia, cement demand expanded by 5.8 percent year-on-year in January 2016, the growth rate easing as compared to the previous year.

Cement makers in Saudi Arabia have expanded their output by 3.6 percent year-on-year in January 2016. The 15 cement companies from Saudi Arabia sold nearly 5.7 million tons of cement in January 2016, up from 5.4 million tons sold a year ago.

The demand is expected to increase slightly in the short term. Yamamah Cement also expects an improvement in cement demand driven by the policies of the housing ministry. However, the ongoing export ban is having a negative impact on the domestic cement companies as the inventories are piling up and the demand continues to be weak.

Cyprus

The 15 cement companies from Saudi Arabia sold nearly 5.7 million tons of cement in January 2016, up from 5.4 million tons sold in January 2015.

Morocco's cement demand rose by 12.1 percent on a year-on-year basis in January 2016, the cement volume growing to just above 1.2 million tons. However, demand was slightly below the volumes of previous few months. This modest growth is likely driven by expansion in the transport, energy and residential sectors, boosted by the government's pro-investment policies to attract business from a wide range of foreign firms and multilateral donors.

Association (ASI), cement sales rose by 4.4 percent in January 2016 due to governmentled infrastructure development. However, sales have dropped by 5.6 percent to 5.5 million tons in January as compared to December 2015.

CW Research

CEMENT PRODUCTION (million tons) Country

LM

MoM (%)

CEMENT CONSUMPTION (million tons) YoY (%)

YTD

YTD (%)

LM

MoM (%)

YoY (%)

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION.

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION.

WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

CEMENT PRODUCTION MOM (%)

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION.

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION.

WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

LM

YTD

YTD (%)

YTD

YTD (%)

CEMENT CONSUMPTION MOM (%)

CEMENT EXPORTS (million tons) Country

Country

CEMENT IMPORTS (million tons) MoM (%)

YoY (%)

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION. WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

YTD

YTD (%)

Country

LM

MoM (%)

YoY (%)

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION. WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

CEMENT EXPORTS MOM (%)

CEMENT IMPORTS MOM (%)

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION.

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION.

WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

Source: CW Group analysis estimates MoM: month vs previous month; YoY: month vs same month last year; YTD: year-to-date; YTD%: year-to-date vs previous year

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30

CEMENT MARKETS

Volume variation analysis for selected countries that are major consumers, producer, importers and exporters of cement. This is a selection of notable markets. Additional detail is available from CW Research as well as on-line at http://www.cemweek.com to the market data section.

CEMENT ENERGY MARKETS

CW Research

ENERGY PRICES UPDATE compared to February 2015’s price of $66.88 per ton. It decreased slightly by 1 percent as compared to January 2016’s price of $52.43 per ton.

COAL: The average coal price for February 2016 closed at $52.07 per ton, falling 22 percent YoY as STEAM COAL FOB AVERAGE PRICES (US$/TON) US exported

Colombia exported

Australia Newcastle

Indonesian HBA

South Africa Richards Bay

130 110 90

Global trading volumes for six major coal countries increased to 83.25 million tons in December 2015, increasing 7.6 percent in comparison with 77.37 million tons recorded in November 2015.

70 50

Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb ’12 ’12 ’12 ’12 ’12 ’12 ’13 ’13 ’13 ’13 ’13 ’13 ’14 ’14 ’14 ’14 ’14 ’14 ’15 ’15 ’15 ’15 ’15 ’15 ’15

Sources: EIA, Colombia Ministry of Mines and Energy, IMF, Indonesia Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resouces

COAL TRADING VOLUMES: Global trading volumes for six major coal countries increased to 83.25 million tons in December 2015, increasing 7.6 percent in comparison with 77.37 million tons recorded in November 2015. An increase in coal trading volumes was seen in all the observed countries, which include Indonesia, Australia, South Africa, Russia, Colombia and the US.

PETCOKE: US petcoke exports increased by 21.7 percent to 3.45 million tons in December 2015 as compared to the previous month, and up by 2.6 percent as compared to December 2014. The US export price for petcoke for December 2015 closed at $44.29 per ton, decreasing 10.6 percent as compared to November’s price of $49.53 per ton and down 33.8 percent as compared to December 2014’s price of $66.85 per ton.

US PETCOKE EXPORT PRICE (US$/TON) 90 80 70

Rolling 12-month average

60 50 40 30 20

D ‘15

O ‘15

N ‘15

S ‘15

A ‘15

J ‘15

J ‘15

M ‘15

A ‘15

M ‘15

J ‘15

F ‘15

D ‘14

N ‘14

S ‘14

O ‘14

A‘14

J ‘14

J ‘14

A ‘14

M ‘14

M ‘14

F ‘14

-

J ‘14

10

Source: customs data

NATURAL GAS: The US Henry Hub spot price traded at $1.99 per MMBTU in February 2016, decreasing 13 percent as compared to January 2016’s price of $2.28 per

MMBTU and down 31 percent as compared to February 2015’s price of $2.87 per MMBTU. Price in Europe decreased 8 percent MoM, reaching $4.90 per MMBTU in February 2016.

To learn more, please contact the CW Research team at sales@cwgrp.com or +1-702-866-9474 31

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Volume variation analysis for selected countries that are major importers and exporters of coal and petcoke. This is a selection of notable markets. Additional detail is available from CW Research as well as on-line at http://www.coalweek.com/ to the market data section.

COAL - EXPORTS (million tons) - Dec 2015 Country

LM

MoM (%)

PETCOKE - EXPORTS (million tons) - Dec 2015 YoY (%)

YTD

YTD %

Country

LM

MoM (%)

YoY (%)

YTD

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION.

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION.

WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

YTD %

COAL EXPORTS MoM (%) US PETCOKE EXPORTS PRICES MoM (%)

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION.

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION.

WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

COAL - IMPORTS (million tons) - Dec 2015 Country

LM

MoM (%)

YoY (%)

YTD

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION.

YTD %

PETCOKE - GLOBAL EXPORT PRICES (USD/ton) - Dec 2015 Country

COAL - GLOBAL EXPORT PRICES (USD/ton) - Feb 2016 LM

MoM (%)

YoY (%)

YTD

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION. WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

COAL EXPORT PRICES MoM (%)

MoM (%)

YoY (%)

YTD

YTD %

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION.

WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

Country

LM

WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

YTD %

NATURAL GAS PRICES (US$/mmBtu) - Feb 2016 Country

LM MoMIN (%) THEYoY (%) YTD TABLE AVAILABLE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION.

YTD %

WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE NATURAL GAS PRICES MoM (%)

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION.

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION.

WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

Source: CW Group analysis estimates LM: latest month Jan 2016 except where specified; MoM: month vs previous month; YoY: month vs same month last year; YTD: year-to-date; YTD%: year-to-date vs previous year

To learn more, please contact the CW Research team at sales@cwgrp.com or +1-702-866-9474 www.cemweek.com

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32

CEMENT ENERGY MARKETS

CW Research

DEPARTMENTS

NEW CEO FOR HOLCIM ROMANIA Sofiane Benmaghnia will replace François Petry as the CEO of Holcim Romania, a subsidiary of LafargeHolcim.

The new CEO joined LafargeHolcim as a financial analyst in 1999 and was general director of Meftah Cement Operations in Algeria since 2011.

He has a degree in trade from the University of Tunisia and a MBA from University of Sherbrooke in Canada.

Holcim Romania’s assets include two concrete factories, 14 ecological concrete plants, a grinding plant, two cement terminals, three aggregate plants and two plants for special binding material.

It currently employs 800 workers.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: ADOCEM CONDUCTS CONFERENCE-WORKSHOP Santo Domingo-based Adocem conducted a conference-workshop in order to create better professional understanding and awareness among specialists in the construction and related areas.

"It is essential to spread and raise awareness among stakeholders and industry players on the progress and solutions reached in the design, construction and maintenance of concrete and cement structures, in the context of research in this field," said Julissa Baez, Executive Director of Adocem.

"And in our status as an integral link in the value chain of the construction industry, we are committed to providing solutions that result in significant improvements to infrastructure construction in concrete and in turn, refine the methods of building and design in existing infrastructures," added the Executive Director of Adocem.

Sofiane Benmaghnia

Dilip Gaur will be the new managing director of Grasim and will take the FEBRUARY / MARCH 2016

Switzerland-based LafargeHolcim has appointed Martin Kriegner, formerly Area Manager Central Europe, as Head of the Indian operations of the group. Martin joined the new position starting March 1, 2016. He will report to Eric Olsen, Group CEO and succeed Bernard Terver who has decided to retire. Martin has held several leadership positions within the Group, including those of CFO and CEO of operations in Austria as well as Head of Lafarge India and Regional President Cement for Asia.

The Group has a distribution network that extends across the entire country and continues to see opportunities to further build its business in India through the network of over 100,000 dealers and retailers.

Martin Kriegner

INDIA’S GRASIM INDUSTRIES APPOINTS NEW MANAGING DIRECTOR

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LAFARGEHOLCIM ANNOUNCED CHANGES IN LEADERSHIP IN INDIA

position from April 1, 2016. He will replace KK Maheswari, who has taken charge as new Managing Director of UltraTech Cements. However, Maheswari will remain on the company’s Board as a non-executive director.

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Dilip Gaur has held managerial positions at several levels for 20 years prior to joining Aditya Birla’s Board as a nonexecutive director.

PEOPLE INDIA’S AMBUJA CEMENTS APPOINTS NEW CFO India-based Ambuja Cements has appointed Suresh Joshi as its Chief Financial Officer. The new appointee took the new position on February 1, 2016. The appointment came after the resignation of Ambuja Cement’s CFO Sanjay Churiwala in September, which was accepted in November 16, 2015.

The company has been looking for a suitable successor, with the company’s Joint President-Corporate Controlling Sanjay Khajanchi, serving as an interim CFO.

NEW CHIEF OPERATOR APPOINTED

BY ARKAN, UAE Abdelziz M. Asad has been chosen to be the new Chief Operating Officer of Arkan Building Materials, a key-player in the UAE. Asad has a 24-years’ experience in working with a company’s subsidiary, the Emirates Cement Factory.

STRIKE ENDS AT LAFARGEHOLCIM SOUTH AFRICA LafargeHolcim will raise the salary of its South African workers by 8 percent in order to stop a strike that was about to enter its second week. Over 2,000 workers were struggling for a 13 percent wage increase and for other conditions such as a living allowance. The workers will receive the increase together with housing benefits.

“Following deliberation and consultations at various levels, Lafarge South Africa has made an improved

salary offer and increased its housing grant while also offering a 30 percent acting allowance,” said Unathi Batyashe-Fillis, Country Manager for Communications and Public Affairs at Lafarge South Africa.

CEMENTOS ARGOS APPOINTS NEW REGIONAL VICE PRESIDENT Environmental Engineer, Camilo Restrepo is the new regional vice president for the Caribbean and Central America branch of Cementos Argos.

Camilo has vast knowledge of cement, based on his experience of over ten years in the field. Camilo will play an important role in consolidating the company’s market position in the regions and will be in charge with designing strategies for the company.

Asad has a Master of Quality Management degree from the University of Wollongong, in Dubai. Upon accepting, the new officer affirmed that he is honored and made positive remarks about the company.

CEMENT PLANTS IN ARAGUA CAME TO SUDDEN HALT

DENMARK’S FLSMIDTH APPOINTS NEW VICE PRESIDENT FOR PROCESS TECHNOLOGY Copenhagen-based FLSmidth appointed Tony Troutman as Vice President for Process Technology and Minerals. His responsibilities will include overseeing all process engineering, process optimization opportunities and leveraging of the capabilities of FLSmidth’s Minerals Testing Center in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

The workers at St. Vincent and Turmero cement plants in Aragua, Venezuela are on a strike. They denounced poor administrative management of the seniors,

forcing the companies to halt their activities abruptly. The company officials have called a meeting to discuss the issues with the workers.

Troutman has almost 30 years of experience within the mining industry, serving most recently as manager of engineering and director of process technology with Jacobs, California.

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REGIONAL REPORT

CEMENT IMPORTS BY ALGERIA DECREASE IN JANUARY The volume and value of several construction materials’ imports to Algeria, including cement, had a year-on-year decrease of 34 percent during January. 357,512 tons of cement were imported to the country during January, with a total cost of USD 22.16 million.

In January 2015, the country had imported 412,996 tons of cement worth USD 33.13 million. The yearon-year decrease was of 33.11 percent in value and 13.43 percent in quantity.

The difference between value and volume reduction can be explained by a year-on-year 20 percent drop in prices.

It is important to remember that, since the beginning of the year, gray Portland cement is subject to licensing and to a 1.5 million annual quota.

CIMAF INAUGURATES NEW UNIT IN IVORY COAST Prime Minister of Ivory Coast, Daniel Kablan Duncan inaugurated Cimaf ’s second production line in Ivory Coast. The second production line has a capacity of 500,000 to 1 million tons a year. The new line may have doubled the production capacity of the company at its Ivory

TURKISH LIMAK MAY SET UP CEMENT PLANT IN ABIDJAN Turkey-based Limak Cement is planning to set up a greenfield cement plant in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. The company aims to become a global player by breaking into the African cement market.

The plant will be set up as a part of a joint venture between Limak Cement and Afrikbat Groups, establishing the company "Limak Afrika." The plant will have a construction capacity of one million tons of cement and one million

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Coast unit. The President of Cimaf called for lifting the ban on cement imports to protect the domestic cement sector.

The cement company invested around XOF 3.3 billion in the second unit. The cement company is planning to set up a greenfield cement plant in San Pedro with an annual production capacity of 1 million tons.

cubic meters of ready-mix concrete, alongside an investment capital expenditure of EUR 60 million. The Limak Afrika plant is likely to produce cement and ready-mix concrete in the first quarter of 2017.

REGIONAL REPORT UK: WARRENPOINT HARBOUR AUTHORITY TO CONSTRUCT NEW SILOS UK-based Quinn Cement has signed an agreement with Warranpoint Harbor Authority to boost its exports to Britain.

Warrenpoint Harbor Authority plans to build five new silos at the port under the agreement. Warrenpoint will invest

GBP 2.5 million (EUR 3.2 million) in building the silos.

The deal between the two will run for 10 years. The company is also expanding its storage and distribution center in Rochester, England. The work will begin on Warrenpoint facility immediately and should be finished in September.

EGYPT PRESENTS CONDITIONS FOR NEW PERMITS The Egyptian state announced a list of 27 conditions companies that are looking for cement production licenses shall have to comply with.

The long list of conditions intends to limit applying companies to those that are really seriouslycommitted and at the same time, to protect the country’s interests.

14 new licenses will be attributed for cement production in nine provinces, namely Beni Suef, Minya, Qena, Sohag, Aswan, New Valley, Suez, Marsa Matrouh and South Sinai. The project will have the capacity to produce 2 million tons of cement per year.

EGYPTIAN OFFICIALS REVIEW CEMENT PRICES Egypt’s President of the General Division of Building Materials Ahmed Zeiny stressed on the relationship between cement prices and imports.

Cement prices have stabilized to EGP 700 per ton in the market, due to the rising value of the dollar in the international market and restrictions on cement imports.

The cement market is struggling with the lack of price control mechanism and the merchants are demanding specific pricing which would help in managing the construction activities in the market.

SAUDI CEMENT COMPANIES' SHARES HIGHLY TRADED SPAIN’S CEMENT COMPANIES FOCUS ON CSR ACTIVITIES Several cement companies in Spain allocate almost EUR 17.2 million of the annual average per year for CSR activities.

According to a study conducted

by CEMA Foundation, the cement companies have been conducting environment friendly activities for several decades. In addition, the cement companies are increasingly focusing on the sustainability of the cement sector and contributing to the economy in several ways.

Cement companies’ shares in Saudi Arabia reached a new, two-year, weekly trading record. Last week, shares worth SAR 1.5 billion were exchanged in the Saudi stock market. It was the equivalent to 103.3 million shares, a new record since April 27, 2012, when 107.7 million shares were traded.

Shares from Najran cement accounted for 25.1 percent of all trades, an equivalent to SAR 378.9 million, followed by AlJouf Cement with 13 percent of the liquidity share (SAR 200.4 million) and City Cement with 12 percent (SAR 181.6 million). Trading is being boosted by good opportunities for exportation by Saudi companies.

NOTEWORTHY PROJECTS: MIDDLE EAST COMPANY/LOCATION OVERVIEW

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION. WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

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REGIONAL REPORT

INDIA: PIRAMAL GROUP IN FRAY TO ACQUIRE LAFARGE INDIA ASSETS India-based Piramal Group has joined the race to buy cement major Lafarge India’s assets that is recently up for sale. The company is planning to diversify its business and is likely to venture in the cement market.

Lafarge India had initiated plans to sell its entire Indian operations of 11 million tons per annum for an estimated USD 1.5 to USD 2 billion in the last month. Several PE firms and cement companies are already in the fray for the acquisition. “From railways to highways and roads, we are looking at several high profile projects taking off in the next 1-2 years. Cement will be the building blocks and at the core of it,” said an official close to the development.

“This is a long term business that is unlikelyto get disrupted by change in technology,” he added.

CHINA ENTANGLED IN CEMENT OVERSUPPLY

has been trying to shut down outdated and inefficient production units.

China is taking coordinated measures to reduce cement oversupply, along with other sectors like coal and steel. China cement producers sold 2.35 billion tons of cement last year, the first time in 25 years that sales dropped. During 2015, cement production fell by 5 percent, while clinker production rose by 2.2 percent. Cement prices fell to levels of 2008 and profit margins plunged.

However, local governments are reticent, as they face pressure to get revenue and to avoid unemployment. Another measure that is being carried out is the merger of smaller companies in order to increase industry concentration, but the larger companies additionally need restructuring.

Analysts are pushing for the government to encourage capacity exchange, leasing, cross-shareholding and joint ventures.

Cement clinker capacity reached 1.81 billion tons per annum in 2015, a 2.2 percent increase compared to 2014, but only 67 percent of that capacity was used. The problem is further worst in the provinces of Shanxi, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Lianoning and Hebei, where capacity use is below 50 percent. The Chinese government

CHINESE CEMENT PRICES TO REBOUND ON 2Q2016 Chinese companies believe that cement prices will stabilize in the second half of 2016, given the current market outlook and the reforms being operated by the government. Prices already underwent a small rebound in the aftermath of the Spring Festival, rising by CYN 10 to 15 per ton in regions like Guangdong and Guangxi.

Asia Cement expects cement prices to recover in the Central China region, boosted by structural adjustments.

TCC West also expects to recover from

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last year losses, when the company lost CYN 300 million in foreign exchange.

The company is now confident that better exchange rates will improve its operation.

REGIONAL REPORT THREE BIDS FOR JAYPEE'S CEMENT BUSINESS North American company KKR and Indian cement makers Ultra-Tech and Dalmia Bharat Cement, intend to buy Jaypee’s cement business. The three companies presented a bid above the INR 18,000 crore mark for Jaypee’s cement business. Jaypee currently owns a cement production base that outputs 21 million tons per annumthat it is trying to sell.

The deal will necessarily count include the lenders, that can keep as much as 49 percent of the joint venture. UltraTech already bought a cement plant and a grinding plant from Jaiprakash Associates in December 2014.

Jaypee is currently trying to minimize its INR 28,000 crore debt. The cement sector sell is expected to earn the company between INR 18,000 and 19,000 crore.

PAKISTAN WITNESSES AN UPTAKE IN CEMENT CONSUMPTION Pakistan’s domestic cement consumption increased by 17.49 percent in the first eight months of the current fiscal year. The consumption increased due to growing infrastructure development projects in the country.

CHINA’S CEMENT SECTOR LIKELY TO UNDERGO REFORMS China’s cement sector may undergo several reforms. The reforms will possibly focus on strict control over production capacities, optimizing the industrial supply structure and large mergers and integrations. The proposed reforms will help stabilizing the demand for cement.

The supply side reforms are likely to happen in the pre-production phase of cement manufacturing. The mergers and acquisitions between companies would create new opportunities to accelerate production and marginally improve industry earnings.

The cement supply increased significantly to 20.89 million tons during the first eight months of the current fiscal year as compared to 17.78 million tons in the same period a year earlier. However, the cement exports declined by 22.54 percent as the volumes reduced from five million tons to three million tons in the reported period.

INDIA: ULTRATECH'S CEMENT PLANTS DEAL TO BE COMPLETED

BY JUNE 2017 The proposed acquisition of Jaiprakash Associates's cement plants by UltraTech Cement in a INR 17,000 crore deal is expected to be completed by June 2017. Recently, UltraTech announced the acquisition of JP Group's cement plants for nearly INR 17,000 crore (about USD 2.5 billion). The deal would be the biggest in the sector and will also place India's largest cement maker in the top five global producers upon completion. "We have to ink definitive agreements and get permission from the High Courts. This will take time. The firm expects the agreement to be finalized in the next 12-15 months. Expect it to consummate by June 2017," UltraTech Cement Chief Financial Officer, Atul Daga, said. UltraTech is also looking at alternative routes in case the proposed amendments in Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act do not happen. UltraTech Cement had said it has entered into a binding Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with JAL for the acquisition of its identified cement plants having a total cement capacity of 224 million tons per year. These plants, valued at INR 16,500 crore, are situated in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The deal also includes a 4 million tons per year plant under implementation at a cost of INR 470 crore.

NEW CEMENT PLANT IN VIETNAM

BY THAIGROUP The new Kaito cement plant will be constructed on a terrain 90 kilometers away from Ho Chi Minh City. It has a planned capacity of 4.5 million tons and is expected to enter operation in late 2018.

1,000 jobs are expected to be directly created by the new plant. Earlier, the ThaiGroup already acquired the Minh Tam plant, in Hon Quan district, Vietnam. The plant cost ThaiGroup around VND 4,000 billion. The project was formerly owned by JSC Eastern, but the company was unable to finish its construction and ended up selling it to ThaiGroup.

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REGIONAL REPORT

HOLCIM NEW ZEALAND INAUGURATES CEMENT TERMINAL AT TIMARU

LAFARGE MALAYSIA REPORTS 2015 RESULTS

Holcim New Zealand's new USD 50 million cement terminal “Minion” at Timaru's port was officially opened this week. The 30,000 tons storage dome – the first of its kind in New Zealand – has unloaded two ships since December and is set to be an important gateway for cement for the South Island and lower North Island.

The company aims to manage 18 inbound ships a year to Timaru, with the Holcim-owned Milburn Carrier II shipping out-bound orders from its berth at the reconstructed No 2 wharf.

Another USD 50 million Holcim dome is under construction in Auckland and likely to open by mid-2016. Holcim will now become PrimePort Timaru's single largest bulk customer.

Lafarge Malaysia reported a pre-tax profit of MYR 345.157 million in 2015.

Last year figures were very close to the ones for 2014. Pre-tax profit in 2014 reached MYR 345.183 million. In 2015, the company had total revenue of MYR 2.75 billion, slightly higher than the MYR 2.743 billion registered in 2014. In the last quarter of the year, the company had pre-tax profit of MYR 70.4 million, 7.8 percent below the figure for the same period 2014 (MYR 64.9 million).

This decrease was a consequence of acquisition expenses and a high financial cost due to investments in

ADELAIDE BRIGHTON REPORTS RECORD PROFIT

NEW CEMENT PLANT UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN NGHE AN, VIETNAM Construction materials company, Adelaide Brighton had record net profit of AUD 20.79 million during 2015. The announced figures represent a 20.4 percent increase compared to 2015, boosted by the housing industry boom. Revenue also increased by 5.6 percent to AUD 1.41 billion.

Adelaide Brighton will be able to share dividends of AUD 0.11 per share and an additional AUD 0.04 special dividend per share. Adelaide Brighton remains the largest lime producer in Australia and the second largest supplier of cement and clinker. It is also the leading importer of both materials.

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new subsidiaries. Lafarge Malaysia is optimistic about the development of the construction sector after analyzing the 2016 budget and the 11th Malaysia Plan.

The group acquired Holcim Malaysia in November 2015 and is now looking forward to combine both companies’ assets and coverage.

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Vissai Cement Group will build a new cement project in Nghe An. The company asked for a VND 7,000 billion loan from the Bank of Investment and Development of Vietnam to complete the second phase in its Song Lam Cement plant and an international seaport at Nghi Thiet. The first phase in construction includes two production lines that will begin operation by next October and will produce 4 million tons of cement per annum. The second phase includes an additional production line with an output of 6,000 tons of clinker per day and will be constructed between 2017 and 2020.

REGIONAL REPORT VIETNAMESE BIM SON CEMENT RECORDS SURGE IN OUTPUT Vietnam-based Bim Song Cement recorded a five percent increase in cement production since January. The cement production capacity has increased to more than 9,200 tons per day. The company completed its planned targets in 2015. Bim Son Cement has a production capacity of three million tons of clinker. In 2016, the company plans to produce three million tons of clinker and earn revenue of VND 4,500 billion.

VIETNAM FIRMS FACE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL COMPETITION Cement industry in Vietnam will continue to face some difficulties in 2016. Vietnam will continue to produce way more cement that it actually consumes. It was estimated the cement plants in the country have the capacity to produce 81.5 million tons of cement in 2016, with internal demand rise of around 4 percent from the 56.46 million tons consumed in 2015. It will not be easy trying to export the excess supply. In 2015, the country exported 16.25 million tons, a 20 percent drop compared to the 21 million tons exported in 2014. The Chinese market is also facing an oversupply of 670 million tons, putting additional strain on the global export market. Cement exported from China can be up to USD 10 per ton lower than that exported by Vietnam.

Internal competition is also increasing, with companies struggling for market share, especially in the Northern region.

Companies like VICEM are now trying to improve their technology incorporation and production efficiency. Some attention is also being put on retail efficiency, creating new sales policies around different discounts and promotions.

TOKYO CEMENT RESTARTS IMPORTING CLINKER FROM JAPAN The raw material will be used in highperformance cement Nippon Pro Sri Lanka-based Tokyo Cement has restarted importing clinker from Japan.

He continued, “Tokyo Cement recently launched the NIPPON-PRO brand to meet the demand of Class 1 contractors who have undertaken challenging construction projects that are part of the Government’s initiative to stimulate economic growth in the country.”

The imported clinker will be used to manufacture high-performance cement NIPPON PRO, specially formulated for high risers and super structures. “We at Tokyo Cement having identified the demand for a high performance cement tied up with a leading Japanese manufacturer to import Clinker with high specifications,” said Dashantha Udawatte, Group Marketing Manager at Tokyo Cement

NEW CEMENT PLANTS INCREASE CAPACITY IN INDONESIA Six new cement plants will increase Indonesia’s total output capacity by 30 percent. Total capacity will reach 92 million tons of cement during 2016. Four new plants, Smen Merah Puth, Semen Jawa, Semen Bima and Conch Semen will have a 9.1 million tons of capacity while two other cement plants, Semen Tiga Roda and Semen Bosowa will resume operation increase capacity by 7.4 million tons.

The domestic market is expected to rise to 65 million tons, 7.54 percent up compared to last year’s 60.44 million tons, sustained by new government investment in infrastructure. However, this will not be sufficient to absorb the new installed capacity and companies will have to resort to exports. Countries

like Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Australia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Timor Leste and other in Africa or in the Middle East are potential targets for Indonesian cement. Last year, exports reached 1 million tons, a 280 percent increase compared to 2014. New infrastructure and housing programs from the government can also help absorbing the new production. These new projects already reflected themselves in January, boosting cement sales by 4.4 percent to 5.14 million tons when compared with the same period 2015. Cement demand rose year-on-year in regions like Sulawesi (19 percent), Sumatra (15.8 percent) and Java (5.3 percent) and decreased in regions like Kalimantan (31 percent) and Maluku and Papua (13 percent).

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REGIONAL REPORT STRONG RESULTS FROM HOLCIM PHILIPPINES Holcim Philippines reports a 58.4 percent increase in its net income, reports Rappler.

The cement company had a net income of PHP 8.1 billion, including a onetime gain of PHP 2.6 billion. Revenue increased by 14.9 percent to PHP 37.5 billion. Holcim Philippines says that it managed to improve its operational efficiency through earlier investments.

These investments will help the company to increase its capacity from 8 to 10 million tons annually in the fiscal year 2016-2017. The Calaca and Mabini plants are being expanded and the company plans to open a new plant in Norzagaray, considering that demand will continue on satisfactory levels.

NEW CEMENT PLANT TO START OPERATING IN VENEZUELA Empresa Socialista Cementos de Portuguesa plans to commence cement production at a new unit in Portuguesa, Venezuela. The new plant, with a daily capacity of 600 tons of cement, will get the required limestone supplies from a quarry with proven reserves of 200 years. "This will be the first limestone quarry to be developed in the entity.

The decision invigorates our mining development, which was so far focused on the extraction and processing of loose aggregates," Ysbiany Pargas, the President of Empresa Socialista Cementos de Portuguesa said.

According to the official, the quarry

DOMINICAN CEMENT PRICES CONTINUE TO DROP Cement prices in Dominican Republic dropped by 30 percent over the last 4 years. Prices took a huge drop of 13.8

will guarantee about 70 percent of the input required for cement production.

"The civil works are in the process of completion (92 percent), then the roads and related works will be consolidated and the plant will start with all its services between May and June this year," he added. The equipment has been imported from India.

percent only in the last quarter of 2015.

During last year, sold volume managed to increase by 6.2 percent but with a large decrease in prices, revenue from sales fell by 5.6 percent. In 2014, revenue through sales reached DOP 16.135 million while in 2015 it was only DOP 15.234 million.

3.96 million tons were sold in 2015, compared to 3.73 million in 2014. During 2015, the country produced around 5.2 million tons of cement, a 3.2 percent increase compared to 2014. Capacity utilization was at 75 percent. 27 percent of the production was exported, a 16.5 percent drop compared with 2014.

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JAMAICA: CARIBBEAN CEMENT RECORDS PROFIT IN 2015 Jamaica-based Caribbean Cement recorded a 1 percent increase in earnings to USD 1,54 billion in 2015 as compared to USD 139 million in the same period a year earlier. The increase in domestic sales increased the revenues to USD 15.4 billion in 2015 as compared to USD 14.4 billion in the same period a year earlier.

The EBITDA increased to USD 2.6 billion in 2015 as compared to USD 961 million in the same period a year earlier.

"The company benefited from improved operational practices, tight cost controls, and lower costs of fuels and energy," said an official from the company.

REGIONAL REPORT MEXICO: CINESTAV CREATES ORGANIC CEMENT Mexico’s Cinestav researchers have developed an organic cement using cullet, an organic variety of cement resistant to moisture based on glass recycling urban waste hydraulic cement.

"By subjecting cullet to a chemical activation with alkaline compounds we induced a series of reactions leading to the solidification of what was initially a similar paste which form Portland cement mixture with water. This paste hardens and finally develops excellent mechanical properties that make proper cement to produce concrete for various applications, "said researcher at Cinvestav. The most appropriate niche market for this innovation would be the precast industry for construction, i.e. panels, screens, among others.

ARGOS GROUP IN COLUMBIA POSTS INCREASE IN PROFITS The Argos Group recorded a 38 percent increase in revenues of COP 12.6 billion in FY 2015 as compared to the same period a year earlier. The surge in revenue is due to increased sales in cement and energy business, favorable foreign exchange rates and improvement in margins. In the fourth quarter, the revenues increased to COP 12.6 billion and EBITDA reached to COP 2.6 billion.

Meanwhile, the company implemented several restructuring activities in the

fourth quarter of the year. It is now planning to allocate USD 300 million as investments. The company received several awards acknowledging its sustainability efforts.

FLSMIDTH TO SUPPLY TEHACHAPI PLANT, CALIFORNIA FLSmidth will supply a new cement mill with a hydraulic roller press pre-grinder to the Tehachapi plant, owned by Lehigh Southwest Cement. The new order is equipped with TRIBOMAX, a wear surface protection technology, exclusive make of FLSmidth. It combines patented materials with a special welding to create a more resistant surface. Cement grinding capacity will increase by 23 percent after installing the new equipment.

NOTEWORTHY PROJECTS: AMERICAS

BRAZILIAN VOTORANTIM GROUP REVIEWS ITS BUSINESS PORTFOLIO Sao Paulo-based Votorantim Cementos recorded sales of BRL 30.6 billion until September 2015. The cement sector is one of the company’s main focus groups, despite falling demand in the region. The company is also planning to increase its business in other outlets dealing with paper, food and beverages.

COMPANY/LOCATION OVERVIEW

TABLE AVAILABLE IN THE CEMWEEK MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION. WWW.CEMWEEK.COM/SUBSCRIBE

Between 2008 and 2011, Votorantim had to sell some assets to raise funds. However, the company has maintained its cash reserves as it has no short term debts and bond for the next 30 years. www.cemweek.com

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REGIONAL REPORT

INDIA TO MAKE SAND AN 'ESSENTIAL' COMMODITY

to punish the offenders and fixed the fine and sentences.

In India's Vijayawad, the State Cabinet decided on Wednesday to bring sand under the Essential Commodities Act. People are permitted to take sand free of cost from them. The government would take stringent action if it is exported to other states or hoarded. According to the report, in order to control smuggling of red sanders, the government decided

The guilty would have to pay INR 300,000 as fine and serve a five-year jail term for first offence. For the second time, the guilty would have to pay a fine of INR 500,000 and serve a seven-year jail term. For the third time, the guilty would have to pay INR 1,000,000 as fine and undergo 10 years of imprisonment.

INDIAN STUDENTS PRODUCE PLASTIC BRICK Indian engineering students have produced plastic bricks using a plastic extruder. Students from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at St Joseph Engineering College, Mangaluru have come up with an extruder that develops building materials, especially plastic bricks from plastic waste. According to the report, the students made a presentation at the exhibition for engineering colleges, as part of National Science Day celebrations 43

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at the Pilikula Regional Science Centre on Sunday. Speaking to BM, team member Minal D' Almeida said that the aim of their presentation was to reduce plastic waste. "For this, we have designed a plastic extruder which plays a prominent part in recycling waste plastic into useful products. This work uses waste plastic and converts them into building materials with the help of an extruder, thereby reducing the plastic waste." Minal said.

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GRANITE WASTE FOR HOLLOW BLOCKS In India, the Hindu reports that waste from granite quarries and cutting units could be an ideal replacement for sand. New research has found that granite waste could be used in manufacturing of hollow blocks to the extent of 20 to 25 percent. Ravindra Nagar, professor of Structural Engineering at Malaviya National Institute of Technology in Jaipur, who has been conducting research on the topic, says tests on the durability and anti-corrosion character against iron reinforcements have proved that hollow blocks using the granite fine as an additive, fulfills the standards of requisite strength.

The report notes that at the mining stage, particles themselves constitute around 40 percent of the total mined material. More waste is generated in the granite cutting units. Most of it being considered waste, is piled in huge heaps and contributes to environmental pollution. The same could be used for manufacturing hollow blocks.

The

BMWEEK.COM UPDATE BUKHTARMA COMPANY TRY FLY ASH IN CEMENT PRODUCTION The city of Ust-Kamenogorsk (Kazakhstan) will collaborate with Bukhtarma Cement Company to start producing cement using fly ash. Tests will begin with a batch of 100 tons of ash and slag waste. Currently, there are around 1.5 million tons of waste fly ash and slag in the city.

If it proves to be feasible in technical and economic terms, the technique will eventually be applied in other regions of Kazakhstan. Bukhtarma Cement Company is the leading cement producer in Kazakhstan, with an annual production capacity of 1.5 million tons. The company belongs to the Heidelberg Cement international group.

ARGOS UNVEILS CARBON CAPTURE CONCRETE TYPE As part of its ongoing commitment to innovation and sustainability, Cementos Argos began capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) into various concrete mixtures produced at one of its plants in the United States, specifically in Atlanta, Georgia. CO2 is collected, stored and brought to the ground by the Canadian company CarbonCure, who developed dispensing technology.

This gas chemically reacts with calcium hydroxide and water and forms insoluble calcium carbonate, a nanomaterial.

Therefore, the gas that was previously released into the atmosphere can now be captured chemically and be part of a product. In addition to the environmental benefits, this chemical

process also brings the particular higher compressive strength and manageability.

“At Cementos Argos we challenge to develop and implement products, increasingly sustainable processes and services and the innovation of materials is an example of this.

We are very proud to be the first company in the United States to offer its customers a product with this property and incorporate CO2 capture. This particular, even if it were to be demolished, would not release the captured CO2 and this allows us to bring the end of the cycle gas and contribute to the construction industry and is increasingly sustainable and environmentally friendly," said Jorge Mario Velasquez , president of Cementos Argos.

LITHUANIAN SCIENTISTS WORKING ON NEW CONCRETE TYPE

LAFARGE BUILDING INNOVATIVE CONCRETE PLANT IN FRANCE In France, Lafarge is building a new plant in Eco-Vallée that will have a production capacity of 70,000 cubic meters of concrete per year, or nearly 20 percent of the volumes sold by Lafarge Concretes Riviera.

"The plant will be 'evolutionary' so as to accommodate the activity of another plant, perhaps for closing due to the advance of urbanization," said Philippe Malet.

Scientists from the Kaunas University of Technology in Lithuania were able to create a unique new generation of concrete that is 8 times stronger and lighter than conventional concrete.

They note this type of concrete will give architects a wide spectrum of possibilities for the application of this material, as well as the design of various structures with

thin-walled constructions. It is noted that the compressive strength of the concrete, which is currently most commonly used in the construction industry, is up to 30 megapascals. The tensile strength of more robust concrete - about 100 megapascals.

To compare the strength of concrete that is produced by the Lithuanian scientists in the laboratory, it is up to 250 megapascals compressive strength.

According to the report, industrial equipment is, for example, pre-set to receive a second production line with a second mixer. "The cost of the project is € 4.5 million investment for the first tranche, making it the largest industrial project for Lafarge Concretes nationally. But the area is dynamic for delivery of material and the central will showcase”, Malet noted. www.cemweek.com

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EQUIPMENT

NEW CUSTOMER ENTRUSTS FIRST PROJECT TO THE MARKET LEADER IN CEMENT GRINDING

HOANG PHAT VISSAI GROUP BUYS LOESCHE ROLLER MILLS

Korean company, Yoo Gyeong CM Co. Ltd. awarded its first contract for its KyungNam terminal to cement grinding equipment producer LOESCHE GmbH. To grind the granulated blast furnace slag, the customer will use an LM 41.2+2 CS type LOESCHE mill with a capacity of 90 tons per hour at 4,500 Blaine.

The gearbox of this mill has a power output of 2,800 kW. Moreover, the scope of supply for this order includes the filter, the fan and the hot gas generator. All of the equipment should be delivered by 6 - 9 months and the LOESCHE mill should start operation by October 2016.

The customer, Yoo Gyeong CM Co. Ltd., owns gravel works which were equipped with their own cement mixing and loading terminals. The customer is currently purchasing ground slag to operate its plants.

Vietnamese company Hoang Phat Vissai Group Company Ltd. has opted for four LOESCHE vertical roller mills for the Song Lam greenfield project.

The equipment will be used for the grinding of cement raw materials and clinker. For grinding cement raw material to a fineness of 12 percent R 90 µ, two type LM 60.6 LOESCHE mills are used with a capacity of 2 x 520 tons per hour and a gearbox power of 4,600 kW.

HOPE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS UNVEILS HIGH-CAPACITY CEMENT WAGONS UK-based Hope Construction Materials unveiled high-capacity cement wagons at its unit in Derbyshire in the last week.

The company unveiled a fleet of 48 units built by Feldbinder. Half of the wagons are now in service and the rest are expected to arrive from Germany this month. They were developed in partnership with leasing company VTG Rail UK and represent an investment of GBP 1 million per year

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The scope of supply also includes metal detectors and sealing air fans. The lead time for the main components of the mill and for the additional units included in the scope of supply is 10 months. The commissioning of the vertical roller mills is planned for the 4th quarter of 2016. The clinker grinding is ensured by two type LM 63.3+3 CS LOESCHE mills.

The mills are designed with a capacity of 300 tons per hour OPC in order to grind the material to a fineness of 4,000 Blaine.

The gearboxes of these mills each have a power of 7,000 kW.

for over 11 years. The wagons have an 80 tons capacity, more than twice the 36 tons of previous designs, while the shorter wheelbase will help to reduce noise.

“We are delighted to unveil this project which will result in greater efficiency and sustainability of our rail operations throughout the UK”, said Industrial Director Ashley Bryan. He added, “This new deal will see Hope able to transport bigger payloads in fewer journeys, benefiting both our customers throughout Britain, but also the environment.”

BMWEEK.COM UPDATE WASTE HEAT POWERED CEMENT KILNS GAINING POPULARITY IN CHINA The waste heat powered cement kilns are becoming more popular in China’s cement sector. The kilns have higher energy efficiency, reducing cement production’s energy consumption. However, the waste heat powered kilns are facing certain challenges, including the need to upgrade the steam turbine and the thermal system, as well as the issue of coordination between power systems and cement production systems. Several cement companies are now using 10,000 tons of waste per day to produce the necessary amount of heat.

NEW CEMENT PRECALCINER SYSTEM LAUNCHED IN CHINA A new precalciner system for cement production has been launched in China.

The new system is expected to reduce the electrical energy consumption by 20-40 percent, with benefits for pre-kiln construction, raw material processing and vertical grinding. The optimized ventilation system will help in improving the process parameters and the dust collection efficiency.

SIWERTELL DELIVERS UNLOADERS FOR OPERATIONS IN LIBYA AND VIETNAM Siwertell, part of Cargotec, has delivered two 10 000 S road-mobile unloaders for cement operations in Libya and Vietnam.

The new trailer-based, diesel-powered machines are fitted with a doublebellows system and dust filters and can handle cement at a rated capacity of 300 tons per hour. Following an order signed with Tenovar International Ltd in Malta in late June 2015, the first unloader was delivered in August the same year.

In February 2016, it was commissioned in Tobruk, Libya and will operate for Mediterranean Cement, also known as Al Bahar Al Mutawaset Cement.

The second unloader was ordered in

November 2015 by Koastal Industries Pte Ltd, on behalf of Vietnamese cement exporter Vissai Cement Group and was also delivered in December 2015. It will be used for cement unloading at two sites in Vietnam and was ordered as part of the Group's ongoing expansion plans. The contract includes spare parts appropriate for two years of operation.

Commissioning is scheduled for spring 2016. "The ease of setting up, operating and folding away our road mobile unloaders makes them extremely flexible and cost effective for multi-terminal operations,” said Jörgen Ojeda, Director, Siwertell Mobile Unloaders. “The Vissai Group's operation will use its mobile unloader at a number of ports in central Vietnam, separated by distances of up to around 300 km," added Mr. Ojeda.

ATTOCK CEMENT SECURES ADDITIONAL ELECTRIC SUPPLY Pakistani company Attock Cement secured an additional 16 MW supply through a deal with K-Electric. The extra power will be served through a one-window operation, a methodology believed to be both efficient and

economical. The deal was celebrated in a ceremony that brought together the responsible for both companies, including K-Electric’s Chief Operating Officer Distribution and Attock Cement’s Company Secretary.

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CW Group Meeting Agenda The CW Group will be hosting and participating in a number of webinars and conferences. We invite you to join us on-line or in person at the events to discuss our views of the industry. To learn more, please visit http://research.cwgrp.com/meetings

CW RESEARCH WEBINARS:

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Thursday, 14 April, 2016 at 2:00 PM GMT

Outlook for fly ash trading in Europe

Thursday, 28 April, 2016 at 2:00 PM GMT

Global Refractory Market and Outlook

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CONFERENCES WHERE THE CW GROUP WILL BE PRESENTING CW Group's Middle East & Africa Cement & Fuel Summit 2016

April 4 - 6, 2016

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Cement Business & Industry Africa 2016

June 13-14, 2016

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Cement Business & Industry India 2016

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December 7-8, 2016

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China to invest in Egypt Dominian Republic’s Cemento Andino closes plant Conch Cement merged with West China Cement Dangote Cement kickstarts Zimbabwe cement plant New plant in Akoluk, Turkey Ban on cheap imports from China may affect Britain Holcim Mexico launches new cement Sberbank enters LafargeHolcim's capital Turkey may get new greenfield cement plant Ashoka acquires stake in HeidelbergCement India LafargeHolcim plans to divest assets in India New cement plant under construction in Oruro, Bolivia India's cement industry poised for growth Cement raw material mill ordered for plant in Turkey LafargeHolcim receives revised order from CCI Indian cement sector likely to witness major M&A activities Bamburi Cement earns from cement supplies to railway contractor Taiwan Cement Company to explore business opportunities South America welcomes FCT Combustion Barbodas’ Arawak Cement and Rock Hard Cement in a price war

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