• PRESENT SIMPLE USES We use Present Simple to talk about routines (actions we do frequently or normally)
I go to El Tomillar School
He plays tennis on Saturdays
You have breakfast everyday
Or, for example, to say: how we are: She is tall and thin how old we are: Sam and Tim are 9 years old where we live: You live in Badajoz our state: I am very happy
My teacher has a cold and he is in bed
the time: It is six o’clock the weather: It is cloudy and windy today FORM (Examples: verbs LIVE and GO) I live
I go
You live
You go
He / she / it lives
He / she / it goes
We live
We go
You live
You go
They live
They go
HE, SHE and IT add an –S He lives in Badajoz BUT, verbs ending in –o, -ss, -x , -sh, -ch, -z add –ES She watches films He goes to London Verbs ending in consonant + ‘y’ add –IES Cry: cries Try: tries
Negative I don’t live
I don’t go
You don’t live
You don’t go
He / she / it doesn’t live
He / she / it doesn’t go
We don’t live
We don’t go
You don’t live
You don’t go
They don’t live
They don’t go
Remember!! I not live don’t He don’t go doesn’t
Interrogative Do I live?
Do I go?
Do you live?
Do you go?
Does he / she / it live?
Does he / she / it go?
Do we live?
Do we go?
Do you live?
Do you go?
Do they live?
Do they go?
Remember!! Live you? Do you live? Do she live? Does
• PRESENT CONTINUOUS USES We use this tense for: Present: Actions we are doing now (not necessarily everyday) Do you play football every day? No, but today I’m playing with my brother
Future: Actions we have planned to do I’m having lunch with my family this weekend
FORM (Affirmative) Subject + be (present) + verb (-ing) + … I (Negative)
am
with my friends
Subject + be (present) NOT + verb (-ing) + … I
(Interrog.)
playing
am
not
playing
with my friends
Be + subject + verb (-ing) + … ? Are
you
playing
with your friends?
MIND THE DIFFERENCE! PRESENT ACTIONS
Actions we do often or normally Present simple I go everyday to school
Actions we are doing at this moment Present continuous I am going to school to speak with my son’s teacher
REMEMBER! Present continuous: VERB-ING
She is walking / She is walk
I am not going / I am not go
• PAST SIMPLE USES We use Present Simple to talk about actions we did in the past (and we are not doing yet)
I lived in Madrid (but I live in Badajoz now…) She played tennis (but she prefers badminton now…)
And also to say: how we were: She was very beautiful how old we were: I was 8 when it happened where we lived: We lived in Madrid in 1990 our state in the past: You were very hungry yesterday
My teacher had a bad cold
the time in the past: It was six o’clock when she came the weather in the past: Yesterday, it was sunny
FORM (Examples: verbs LIKE and BREAK) I liked
I broke
You liked
You broke
He / she / it liked
He / she / it broke
We liked
We broke
You liked
You broke
They liked
They broke
There are two types of English verbs: Regular verbs: form the Past Simple by adding –ED or –D (-d, when ending in ‘e’ (live: lived)). Verbs ending in ‘consonant + y’ add –IED (cry: cried) Lulu watched TV yesterday Short regular verbs ending in vowel+consonant, they double the last consonant Stop - stopped Irregular verbs: they have their own form for Past Simple (you must study the irregular verbs list) We (go) went to New York last Christmas
Negative I didn’t like
I didn’t break
You didn’t like
You didn’t break
He / she / it didn’t like
Remember!! I not liked He / she / it didn’t break didn’t
We didn’t like
We didn’t break
You didn’t like
You didn’t break
They didn’t like
They didn’t break
He didn’t broke break
Interrogative Did I like?
Did I break?
Did you like?
Did you break?
Did he / she / it like?
Did he / she / it break?
Did we like?
Did we break?
Did you like?
Did you break?
Did they like?
Did they break?
Remember!! Liked you? Did you like? Did she broke? break
• PAST CONTINUOUS USES We use Present Continuous to talk about actions we were doing in the past but were interrupted by other (normally with ‘when’, etc.) I was having dinner when she phoned
IMPORTANT! The action we were doing is in PAST CONTINUOUS Dinner (“I was having dinner when…
…she phoned”) The action that interrupted, in PAST SIMPLE More examples I was running when it began to rain 1
2
2
1
She was studying when John came home 1
2
2
1 FORM
Negative (examples: run, study, go) I was not (wasn’t) studying
I wasn’t running
I wasn’t going
You were not (weren’t) studying
You weren’t running
You weren’t going
He was not (wasn’t) studying
He wasn’t running
He wasn’t going
She was not (wasn’t) studying
She wasn’t running
She wasn’t going
It was not (wasn’t) studying
It wasn’t running
It wasn’t going
We were not (weren’t) studying
We weren’t running
We weren’t going
You were not (weren’t) studying
You weren’t running
You weren’t going
They were not (weren’t) studying
They weren’t running
They weren’t going
Interrogative (examples: run, study, go) Was I studying?
Was I running?
Was I going?
Were you studying?
Were you running?
Were you going?
Was he (she, it) studying?
Was he (she, it) running?
Was he (she, it) going?
Were we studying?
Were we running?
Were we going?
Were you studying?
Were you running?
Were you going?
Were they studying?
Were they running?
Were they going?
• VERB “BE” USES ‘Be’ is a very particular English verb. It has its own forms for present and past. It is a very useful verb as it is mainly used for: introductions: I am Sam greetings: Hello. How are you? apologies: I am sorry so much professions: She is a doctor and he is a carpenter nationalities: We are Spanish and they are from Scotland age, size, appearance, personality…: Mary is ten years. She is dark, tall and funny feelings and states: I am OK but my sister is ill and sad the weather: It is hot and sunny today in Seville the time: What time is it? It is half past seven FORM Present Simple affirmative
Present Simple negative*
Present Simple interrogative*
I am (I’m)
I am not (I’m not)
Am I?
You are (You’re)
You are not (aren’t)
Are you?
He / She / It is (He’s)
He / She / it is not (isn’t) Is he / she / it?
We are (We’re)
We are not (aren’t)
Are we?
You are (You’re)
You are not (aren’t)
Are you?
They are (They’re)
They are not (aren’t)
Are they?
Past Simple affirmative
Past Simple negative*
Past Simple interrogative*
I was
I was not (wasn’t)
Was I?
You were
You were not (weren’t)
Were you?
He / She / It was
He / She / it was not (wasn’t) Was he / she / it?
We were
We were not (weren’t)
Were we?
You were
You were not (weren’t)
Were you?
They were
They were not (weren’t)
Were they?
*VERY IMPORTANT: Never use ‘don’t’ – ‘didn’t’ in negative sentences or ‘do’ – ‘does’ – ‘did’ in interrogative sentences, like other verbs do I don’t am English am not
Do you are 11 years old? Are you
She didn’t is Mary was not
Did they are here? Were they
• VERB “HAVE GOT” USES ‘Have’ indicates ‘possession’ (You can have got a car, a dog, a book…), but we also use it for: describing people: I have got brown hair and blue eyes illnesses and pains: What’s the matter with you? Oh, I’ve got a fever and a headache meals: We have breakfast at 8 o’clock and have lunch at half past one hygiene: She has a shower everyday family: Sally has got two brothers and one sister FORM Present Simple affirmative
Present Simple negative*
Present Simple interrogative*
I have got (I’ve)
I have not got (haven’t)
Have I got?
You have got (You’ve)
You have not got (haven’t)
Have you go?
He / She / It has got (He’s) He / She / it has not got (hasn’t) Has he / she / it got? We have got (We’ve)
We have not got (haven’t)
Have we got?
You have got (You’ve)
You have not got (haven’t)
Have you got?
They have got (They’ve)
They have not got (haven’t)
Have they got?
Past Simple affirmative
Past Simple negative*
Past Simple interrogative*
I had got
I had not got (hadn’t)
Had I got?
You had got
You had not got (hadn’t)
Had you got?
He / She / It had got
He / She / it had not got (hadn’t) Had he / she / it got?
We had got
We had not got (hadn’t)
Had we got?
You had got
You had not got (hadn’t)
Had you got?
They had got
They had not got (hadn’t)
Had they got?
*VERY IMPORTANT: You can also find: ‘I don’t have…’, ‘Do you have…?’, ‘She didn’t have…’ Both forms are possible I haven’t got a car = I don’t have a car Had she got a book? = Did she have a book? With ‘do’, ‘don’t’, ‘did’, etc. we don’t normally use GOT
• VERB “CAN’ USES ‘Have’ indicates ‘ability’ (You can play guitar, ride a bike…) but we also use it for: Asking/giving/not giving permission: Can I come in? Yes, you can You can’t play Possibility: You can pass the exam (if you study hard…) Offers: Can I help you? FORM Present Simple affirmative
Present Simple negative*
Present Simple interrogative*
I can
I cannot (can’t)
Can I?
You can
You cannot (can’t)
Can you?
He / She / It can
He / She / it cannot (can’t)
Can he / she /it?
We can
We cannot (can’t)
Can we?
You can
You cannot (can’t)
Can you?
They can
They cannot (can’t)
Can they?
Past Simple affirmative
Past Simple negative*
Past Simple interrogative*
I could
I could not (couldn’t)
Could I?
You could
You could not (couldn’t)
Could you?
He / She / It could
He / She / it could not (couldn’t) Could he / she / it?
We could
We could not (couldn’t)
Could we?
You could
You could not (couldn’t)
Could you?
They could
They could not (couldn’t)
Could they?
*VERY IMPORTANT: Never use ‘don’t’ – ‘didn’t’ in negative sentences or ‘do’ – ‘does’ – ‘did’ in interrogative sentences, like other verbs do I don’t can come today cannot (can’t)
She didn’t can play couldn’t
Do you can speak English? Can you
SENTENCES WITH ‘CAN’ or ‘COULD’ can/could + verb (without ‘to’) … I could to play piano when I was a child play
• ADVERBS USES Adverbs modify verbs. They tell you how something is done She sings beautifully.
They drive carefully.
She eats her food slowly.
We place adverbs: at the beginning of the sentence
FORM 1.- Adverbs are often formed by adding -ly to an adjective
Examples (adjective) careful
carefully (adverb)
(adjective) beautiful
beautifully (adverb)
2.- Some adjectives don't change in the adverb form. The most important of these are: ‘fast’ and ‘hard’
3.- ‘Good’ (adjective) changes to ‘well
Adverbs can be placed: a) At the beginning of the sentence Suddenly, he arrived at home
b) At the end of the sentence We spoke loudly c) Before an adjective I am completely happy
Adverbs of frequency (always, never, sometimes, often, etc.) usually come before the main verb: He often comes here.
Do you always eat in a restaurant?
They don't usually go to London.
BUT AFTER the verb ‘BE He is always late.
I am never at home.
They was usually living in London