Janet Lennox Moyer
Jan&Brooke Luminae (to be formerly known as Jan Moyer Design)
C. Brooke Carter Silber
USING LEDS IN INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR PROJECTS
Maintenance
Local Jurisdictions Inspections
MacAdam Ellipses Visual Inspection CCT
CRI
Linear vs. Point
COLOR
Determining CCT
Enclosed vs. Open
CLIENT REQUEST
ENERGY
Color Metrics
Fixture Flexibility
Payback Analysis
State Codes Plan Checkers LEED
Cost
How do we determine when and which LEDs to use?
CONTROLS
PHOTOMETRICS
Type of Lamp
PROJECT TYPOLOGY
Interior vs. Exterior
Lumens vs Candelas
Compatibility
Landscape Material Finishes
Existing vs. New Construction
Output
Efficacy Quality
Art Textiles
Retrofit Lamps
Beamspread Electronics
GAI
Integral Modules
Type of Equipment
TSC, R9 CQS
Replaceable Modules
Flicker
Lamp
Distribution
Range
Driver
Photometric Data
Smoothness
Control
Visual Comparisons /Mock-ups
Shielding
Maintenance
Cost Payback Analysis
CLIENT REQUEST
How do we determine when and which LEDs to use?
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Color
Output
Exterior Landscape: Island Estate in Caribbean Halogen
LED
Lamp Load
37W max.
10.5W
Total Load
69,221W
23,412W *
Hours of Operation
6 hour/night
6 hours/night
Cost of Electricity $0.40 per kWh
$0.40 per kWh
Cost per Night
$56.19/night
$166.13/night
SAVINGS/night
-$109.94
Distribution
Flexibility
Shielding
* LED lamp Wattage is 10.5W but has been calculated at 12.5 to allow for inrush current.
Control
Cost of Retrofit Lamps: $38 Number of Fixtures: 1871 Anticipated payback cycle: 3 years
Cost per Year
$60,637.45
SAVINGS/year
$20,509.35 -$40,128.10
(Payback cycle is for lamp cost only. Fixture and labor cost not included.)
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Color
Output
Distribution
Flexibility
Shielding
Control
Exterior Lobby Canopy: Midwest Government Office Building Lobby CFL
LED
Lamp Load
13W max.
7W
Total Load
4,224W
1,848
Hours of Operation
12 hour/night
12 hours/night
Cost of Electricity $0.14 per kWh
$0.14 per kWh
Cost per Night
$3.10/night
$7.10/night
SAVINGS/night Cost per Year
-$3.99 $2,591.50
SAVINGS/year
$1,131.50 -$1,456.00
Cost of Retrofit Lamps: Number of Fixtures:
$38.00 264 $10,032.00 Anticipated payback cycle: 6.9 years
(Payback cycle is for lamp cost only. Fixture and labor cost not included.)
Energy Codes
Open Offices: Government Office Building Linear Fluorescent
LED
Lamp Load
32W
22W
Total Load
84,240W
61,77W
10 hour/day
10 hours/day
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Color
Hours of Operation
Output
Cost of Electricity $0.14 per kWh
$0.14 per kWh
Cost per Night
$8.65/day
Distribution
Flexibility
Shielding
Control
$11.79/day
SAVINGS/day
Cost per Year
-$3.14
$4,303.35
SAVINGS/year
$3,157.25 -$1,146.00
* Lamp wattage is 32W but is calculated at 30W to accommodate energy savings with ballast.
Cost of Retrofit Lamps: Number of lamps:
$64.99 2,808 $182,491.92 Anticipated payback cycle: 154 years
(Payback cycle is for lamp cost only. Fixture and labor cost not included.)
Energy Codes
Open Offices: Government Office Building Linear Fluorescent
LED
Lamp Load
30W
22W
Lamp Life
46,000 hours
40,000 hours
Lamp Lumens
2950 lumens
1650 lumens
Cost of Lamp
$6.99
$64.99
Hours (per year)
3650
3650
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Color
Output
Distribution
Maintenance Cycle (in years)
12.6
10.9
Flexibility
Time to replace lamps (hours)
.25
.25
Shielding
Cost of Labor ($80.00 per hours)
$56,160
$56,160
Control
Total Maintenance Cost $6,017.14 (over life of a single lamp)
$21,894.67
Maintenance
Cost Payback Analysis
CLIENT REQUEST MacAdam Ellipses Visual Inspection CCT Color Metrics CRI
Determining CCT TSC, R9 CQS GAI
Art Textiles Landscape
Material Finishes
COLOR
How do we determine when and which LEDs to use?
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
New construction – Exterior waterfeature
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Rough environment Robust equipment needs Maintenance Issues
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Exterior
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Small apertures/mounting locations Outdoor location with water incursion possible
Solution:
quarry waterfeature
1W and 2W LEDs Marine grade fixture with machine grade connectors
Problems:
Color consistency
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Color
consistency is getting better
but..
Binning is still an issue
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Metrics
Numerous various metrics
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
are getting tighter but…
CCT with MacAdam Ellipses CRI with TCS, R9 CQS (NIST TC 1-69) GAI (gamut-area index)
Manufacturers can chose metric Standards are lagging
Visual
Inspection is the only true metric
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Visual
Inspection is the only true metric
Tungsten
Shielding
Control
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Visual
Inspection is the only true metric
LED 2700K
Shielding
Control
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Visual
Inspection is the only true metric
LED 3000K
Shielding
Control
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Visual
Inspection is the only true metric
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Visual
Inspection is the only true metric
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Visual
Inspection is the only true metric
Maintenance
Cost
Fixture Flexibility
Payback Analysis
CLIENT REQUEST MacAdam Ellipses Visual Inspection CCT Color Metrics CRI
Determining CCT TSC, R9 CQS GAI
Art Textiles Landscape
Material Finishes
COLOR
How do we determine when and which LEDs to use?
Linear vs. Point
Enclosed vs. Open
Replaceable Modules Integral Modules Retrofit Lamps
Type of Equipment
Type of Lamp
PROJECT TYPOLOGY
Interior vs. Exterior Existing vs. New Construction
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Historic
Restoration
Sometimes projects delayed or stalled LED technologies moving quickly
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Retrofit
Lamps Integral vs. Replacement Fixture Family Lenses and Reflectors On-board Tuning
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Historic
Restoration Remodel of historic museum
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Project designed and specified 2010 Original incandescent PAR 38 lampholder was discontinued The LED lamps considered had issues Final Solution: use a fixture with an integral module
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Historic
Discontinued
Restoration
Mock-up
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Historic
Restoration
Integral LED Module Project designed and specified 2010 Original incandescent PAR 38 lampholder was discontinued The LED lamps considered both had issues:
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
First one was discontinued Second one tested has some known reliability problems
Final Solution: use a fixture with an integral module
Fixture with integral module did not exist in 2010 at start of project
Maintenance
Cost
Fixture Flexibility Linear vs. Point
Payback Analysis
Enclosed vs. Open
CLIENT REQUEST MacAdam Ellipses Visual Inspection CCT Color Metrics CRI
Determining CCT
COLOR
How do we determine when and which LEDs to use? PHOTOMETRICS
GAI
Landscape Material Finishes
Retrofit Lamps
Type of Lamp
PROJECT TYPOLOGY
Interior vs. Exterior
Lumens vs Candelas
Existing vs. New Construction Beamspread
Output
Efficacy
Distribution
Quality
Art Textiles
Integral Modules
Type of Equipment
TSC, R9 CQS
Replaceable Modules
Photometric Data Visual Comparisons /Mock-ups
Shielding
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis Fixture Flexibility
Exterior New Construction: Large scale landscape lighting for ranch
Landscape lighting requires a flexible toolbox including:
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Required development of the appropriate modifications LED technology finally offers agile modifications that could not previously be realized
Control
Beam distributions Lamp output or wattage controllability
Beam spread Lens & reflectors On-board tuning
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Exterior New Construction: Large scale landscape lighting for ranch
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Flexibility
Shielding
Control
A little candlepower is A LOT Situations will surprise you Become familiar, stay current, and keep your mind open Some are sensitive, handle with care Lamp individuality by Manufacturer Lamps evolve Don’t get too attached Wattage and Beamspread flexibility Helpful Standardize whenever possible, but don’t become handcuffed So far with LED lamps candlepower info is not easily accessible, only lumens, so direct comparison is not possible....
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Lumen refers to a quantity of light dispersed in ALL directions Currently, LED chip manufacturers are touting their LED efficacy in lumens It falls to the fixture manufacturer to translate the light output & distribution of the LED package they use by testing each and every fixture combination of wattage, beamspread, and color for photometric quantity and distribution
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
CBCP or MBCP The main intensity is measured slightly differently for varying lamp types, but, it refers to the main intensity in a specific beam diameter or ‘beam spread’
FIELD The “field” refers to all the remaining light that the lamp puts out – beyond the listed beam spread width - In landscape lighting, we like the field – it “fill-in” between lit objects of areas
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Fluorescent
LED
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Retrofit
Lamps Integral vs. Replacement Fixture Family Lenses and Reflectors On-board Tuning
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
On-board
Lenses
tuning
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
New
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Construction for Control Room
Complex and sensitive environment High use of AV and video technology 28’-0” to 34’-0” ceiling heights across the space Adjoining spaces with glass walls
Technical
Issues
Need to deliver specified light levels at working surfaces Shielding of LED fixtures is minimal
Decisions
Modify LED track fixture head into multihead fixture
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Have
energy codes pushed us to care only about efficiency?
Minimal internal shielding Minimal external shielding
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Local Jurisdictions Inspections
Maintenance
ENERGY
MacAdam Ellipses Visual Inspection CCT Color Metrics CRI
Determining CCT
Fixture Flexibility Linear vs. Point
Payback Analysis
State Codes Plan Checkers LEED
Cost
COLOR
Enclosed vs. Open
CLIENT REQUEST
How do we determine when and which LEDs to use? PHOTOMETRICS
GAI
Landscape Material Finishes
Retrofit Lamps
Type of Lamp
PROJECT TYPOLOGY
Interior vs. Exterior
Lumens vs Candelas
Existing vs. New Construction Beamspread
Output
Efficacy
Distribution
Quality
Art Textiles
Integral Modules
Type of Equipment
TSC, R9 CQS
Replaceable Modules
Photometric Data Visual Comparisons /Mock-ups
Shielding
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Residential
renovation: Kitchen and family room remodel
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Depending on the jurisdiction energy codes often require compliance if 50% of the luminaires are changed Energy codes may have contradictory implications Retrofit LED lamps may trigger difficulties with compliance However retrofit LED tend to provide great flexibility in lighting solutions
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Residential renovation: Kitchen and family room remodel
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Why?
Shielding
Control
Solution had to fit into existing construction Decided to use retrofit LEDs in multihead fixture Although this decision had local code implications local inspector allowed retrofit lamps
Local Codes allowed for contractor certification of installed system. Control compatibility required certain requirements for the transformer to allow LED retrofit lamps. Dimming system installed with separate zoning (existing system already installed)
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Residential
renovation: Kitchen and family room remodel
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Residential
renovation: Kitchen and family room remodel
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Range
and consistency of dimming
Limited range Non-smooth dimming
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Range
and consistency of dimming
Limited range Non-smooth dimming
Maintenance
Local Jurisdictions Inspections
MacAdam Ellipses Visual Inspection CCT
CRI
Linear vs. Point
COLOR
Determining CCT
Enclosed vs. Open
CLIENT REQUEST
ENERGY
Color Metrics
Fixture Flexibility
Payback Analysis
State Codes Plan Checkers LEED
Cost
How do we determine when and which LEDs to use?
CONTROLS
PHOTOMETRICS
Type of Lamp
PROJECT TYPOLOGY
Interior vs. Exterior
Lumens vs Candelas
Compatibility
Landscape Material Finishes
Existing vs. New Construction
Output
Efficacy Quality
Art Textiles
Retrofit Lamps
Beamspread Electronics
GAI
Integral Modules
Type of Equipment
TSC, R9 CQS
Replaceable Modules
Flicker
Lamp
Distribution
Range
Driver
Photometric Data
Smoothness
Control
Visual Comparisons /Mock-ups
Shielding
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Commercial Office New Construction: Washington DC based corporate campus
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Commercial Office New Construction: Washington DC based corporate campus Several facilities across the country with a consistent look Videoconference connections between all offices (even in unexpected areas)
Challenges:
LEDs can cause flicker when seen over video production Compatibility with dimming systems can cause tremendous problems
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Inherent
Halogen
Issues of Electronics
LED
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Commercial Office New Construction: Washington DC based corporate campus
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Commercial Office New Construction: Washington DC based corporate campus
UL leadtime caused changes to drivers and consequently controls system during CA. Changes during CA can be difficult and costly.
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
Compatibility
Lamps
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Reverse Phase Forward Phase
Control Options
of systems
Forward Phase Reverse Phase 3-Wire O-10V DALI DMX
Energy Codes
Client Request
Payback Analysis
Fixture Flexibility
UL
Color
Output
Distribution
Shielding
Control
Listing
Component Based vs. System Based Cost Lead Times
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A UL LISTED LAMP AND ONE BEARING THE R-UL (UL RECOGNIZED) MARK? A lamp bearing the UL label is listed for use as a finished product, in this case, an MR16 retrofit lamp. A lamp bearing the RU label means that it is suitable only for use as a component in a UL listed finished product, and should be listed by that manufacturer as a component in the fixture. To quote UL, “a product bearing only a UL Recognized Component Mark should be treated the same as an unlisted product.”
Maintenance
Good Luck! Local Jurisdictions Inspections
CCT Color Metrics CRI
COLOR
Determining CCT
Linear vs. Point
Enclosed vs. Open
CLIENT REQUEST
ENERGY
MacAdam Ellipses Visual Inspection
Fixture Flexibility
Payback Analysis
State Codes Plan Checkers LEED
Cost
How do we determine when and which LEDs to use?
CONTROLS
PHOTOMETRICS
Type of Lamp
PROJECT TYPOLOGY
Interior vs. Exterior
Lumens vs Candelas
Compatibility
Landscape Material Finishes
Existing vs. New Construction
Output
Efficacy Quality
Art Textiles
Retrofit Lamps
Beamspread Electronics
GAI
Integral Modules
Type of Equipment
TSC, R9 CQS
Replaceable Modules
Flicker
Lamp
Distribution
Range
Driver
Photometric Data
Control
Visual Comparisons /Mock-ups
Smoothness
Questions? Shielding