LED Standards Update and Energy Star (or, What has the DOE/SSL Program done for you lately?)

LED Standards Update and Energy Star (or What has the DOE/SSL Program done for you (or, lately?)

Naomi Miller, FIES, FIALD, LC

Leducation VI

Senior Lighting Engineer Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

March 21, 2012

Program Name or Ancillary Text

eere.energy.gov

DOE SSL Support Programs

2 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

DOE SSL Support Programs

www.ssl.energy.gov/

3 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

CALiPER at a Glance Why testing products is valuable:    

Capture p market trends and g gauge g p performance levels Identify important areas for improvement Manufacturer accountability Inspire consumer confidence

Scope of products:    

SSL General illumination White light Market available

4 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

CALiPER Process

Product Selection & Purchasing

5 | Solid-State Lighting Program

Independent LM-79-08 Testing

Data Analysis

Report Publication

www.ssl.energy.gov

Step 1: Selection & Purchasing I.

Industry observations  Conventions, trade shows, and conferences  Trade publications, popular media  Manufacturer marketing materials

II LED Lighting II. Li hti Facts F t quality lit assurance concerns  Do reported values reflect commercially available products?

III CALiPER guidance committee III. IV. Anonymous purchase

Manufacturers can’t request tests or submit products!

6 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

Step 2: SSL Luminaire Testing  Independent testing laboratories  Uses absolute photometry rather than relative photometry (IES LM-79-08) LM 79 08)  Must measure luminaire as a complete system

 Benchmark products for each application are also tested to LM-79  Integrating sphere and goniophotometer testing

7 | Solid-State Lighting Program

Photo credit: Luminaire Testing Laboratory

www.ssl.energy.gov

Step 2: SSL Luminaire Testing Integrating Sphere  Luminaire light g output, p efficacy  Color quality  Spectral p p power distribution  Chromaticity coordinates  CCT & Duv CRI & R9

 Electrical measurements  Thermal characteristics

8 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

Step 2: SSL Luminaire Testing Goniophotometer    

Luminaire light g output, p efficacy y Beam characteristics and intensity distributions Electrical measurements, thermal characteristics “In-situ” In-situ testing (non-standard) 11-48 [43 W]

56 W BK11-62 9 | Solid-State Lighting Program

11-55 [31 W]

63 W BK11-49HE

68 W BK11-49

11-56 [37 W]

LED Product www.ssl.energy.gov

Step 2: SSL Luminaire Testing 10-16

10-17

10-19

T8 LED replacement lamps in parabolics…

10-36

Black = fluorescent baseline Red = SSL

• SS SSL T8 lamps in parabolic louvered troffer ff definitely f do not provide light distribution breadth or intensity of fluorescent T8 lamps p • Tested in the same troffer, SSL T8 lamps have lower spacing criteria (SC) implying more fixtures will be needed for installed systems 10 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

Step 3: Data Analysis  Performance compared to conventional technologies  Performance relative to manufacturer data  Evaluation of equivalency claims  Comparison to LED Lighting Facts  Comparison to ENERGY STAR® (or other) criteria

11 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

Step 3: Data Analysis [Round 12: Benchmark A-lamp and LED Performance]

60 W

40 W

Light Ou utput (lume ens)

1000

800

600

400 SSL CALiPER Round 12, 6-13 W SSL CALiPER Previous, 1-14 W Incandescent Benchmarks, Benchmarks 4-60 W CFL Benchmarks, 4-18 W

200

0 0

12 | Solid-State Lighting Program

20

40 60 Effi Efficacy (l /W) (lm/W)

80

100

www.ssl.energy.gov

Step 3: Data Analysis [Round 13: 2’ x 2’ Troffers]

13 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

Step 3: Data Analysis

SNEAK PEAK!

[R14: Retrofit Downlights]

L Luminous s Efficacy y (lm/W)

90 80 70 60 50

ENERGY STAR

40

Retrofit downlights (R14) Previous CALiPER Tests LED Lighting Facts Data Incandescent Benchmarks Halogen Benchmarks CFL Benchmarks

30 20 10 0 0

200

14 | Solid-State Lighting Program

400

600 800 Output (lm)

1000

1200

www.ssl.energy.gov

 Step 4: Report Publication

Detailed Reports

15 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

 Step 4: Report Publication

Special Reports p

16 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

Retail Replacement Lamps (Part 2!)

Special Reports p

MR16

PAR20

PAR30

A19

G25

38 Total Products.

Products 9 Different Retailers.

18 Different Manufacturers.

17 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

Retail Replacement Lamps (Part 2!)

1000 Special Reports p 900 800

Output (lm)) O

700

RRL1: $139/klm1 RRL2: $63/klm

600 500

(mean)

400 Retail Replacement Lamps 2 Retail Replacement Lamps 1 Incandescent Benchmarks Halogen Benchmarks CFL B Benchmarks h k

300 200 100 0 $0

$10

$20

$30 $40 $50 C t per L Cost Lamp

$60

$70

$80

1. Includes only products of the same types tested in RRL2.

18 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

 Step 4: Report Publication

2006–2011 SUMMARY REPORTS  3 “Rounds” per year  Range of products

New for 2012!

Summary Reports

APPLICATION REPORTS  Continuous data  More focused g g Facts QA  LED Lighting

19 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

Upcoming Testing

Coming Soon!

Flood lights Linear pendants Wall washers

On Deck

In the Dugout

20 | Solid-State Lighting Program

Downlight Retrofits (New Format!)

Retail Replacement Lamps (Special)

High-output A-lamps Troffers (2x4, 2x2, 1x4) Retail Focus

www.ssl.energy.gov

GATEWAY Demonstration Program • Purpose: demonstrate new SSL products in real-world applications that save energy, match or improve illumination and are costillumination, cost effective • Demos g generate critical field experience providing:

Central Park, NY

Photo: Ryan Pyle

– Feedback to manufacturers – Data for utility y incentives – Market readiness of specific applications to users – Advancement in lighting g g knowledge Smithsonian American Museum of Art, Washington, D.C. 21 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

Successful Application – U.S. Department of Labor HQ • Integral occupancy sensor dims fixture to 10% power • 55% installed wattage reduction in high state; 95% reduction in low • ~80% 80% kWh energy savings expected, incl. dimming • Initial minimum horizontal illuminance increased 21%; average decreased 53% • ~8 year simple payback (for retrofit), ~5 year for new • 1:1 replacement • Some sensor failures and tweaking needed 22 | Solid-State Lighting Program

Before (HPS)

After (LED & Sensor)

www.ssl.energy.gov

Nike and TJ Maxx parking lots

• LED full-cutoff luminaires, t two per pole, l 30’ pole l height, 110’ x 150’ spacing • Shut down to low level (35%) output when no cars or pedestrians detected • PIR occupancy sensors mounted on each luminaire, “looking” looking down • Occupancy sensors have detection area of only 60’ diameter, so they can “miss” movement 23 | Solid-State Lighting Program

60-ft diameter coverage of occ sensors www.ssl.energy.gov

GATEWAY Study: Brooker Gallery, Field Museum

Source

Lamp Type

Lamp Type

Lamp Type

Total Watts

Halogen g

8 ((PAR36))

23 ((PAR38))

1 ((MR16))

894

LED

14 (70 mm module)

12 (90 mm module)

24 | Solid-State Lighting Program

335

Energy Savings 63% www.ssl.energy.gov

GATEWAY Study: Brooker Gallery, Field Museum Halogen

LED

$7,645.00

$ 8,216.00

Annual Hours of Operation

2912

2912

Operating Power of Lighting System

836

335

Annual Ltg. Electric Operating Cost

$292.13

$116.99

Payback from Lighting alone (Years)

-----

3.26

Payback from Lighting + HVAC (Years)

-----

2.38

Total Initial Cost

Lifespan (50,000 hrs/2912) Years

25 | Solid-State Lighting Program

17.17

www.ssl.energy.gov

GATEWAY Study: Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art Viewing public’s assessment of four light sources (% with strong preference) in test gallery

2700K, 84

LED Lamp 1

2700K, 85

2638K, 93

LED Lamp 2

LED Lamp 3

2821K, 99

Halogen Par38 Lamp

Overall light g distribution on art

0

23

8

23

Ideal warmness / coolness of light

10

37

12

8

Best lamp for oil painting

6

25

15

15

Best lamp for B&W photo

1

29

14

4

26 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

GATEWAY Project - LED replacement p lamp p demonstration at the InterContinental Hotel, Howard Street, San Francisco

Collaborative effort among  Pacific Gas & Electric  InterContinental San Francisco  Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the US DOE Laboratory, Can LED replacement lamps satisfy the high standards for appearance and f functionality ti lit while hil saving i energy? ?

27 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

Problems encountered along the way….

• Few

lamps survived Round 1 testing (color, output, flicker, etc.)

• Product performance claims often inflated • Some lamps incompatible with electronic transformers (flicker, loading too low) • Most lamps behaved oddly when dimmed • MR16 LED Lamps in enclosed fixtures starting failing at 9000 hours

28 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

Flicker and Dimming Research • IEEE PAR1789 committee participation for Risk A Assessment t and d workk toward better flicker metric • CALiPER exploratory research to establish range of waveforms from LEDs • Working W ki with ith iindustry d t committees to address performance of dimmers and LED drivers • Discussing adding flicker waveform to CALiPER testing 29 | Solid-State Lighting Program

Incandescent/Halogen

20W Halogen MR16

60 A19 60W 19 www.ssl.energy.gov

Fluorescent Magnetically-ballasted

Fluorescent Electronically-ballasted

BK 10-X-28

BK 10-X-32

T12 Fl Fluorescentt

A19 CFL

BK 10-X-33

BK 10-X-34

Quad-Tube CFL

Quad-Tube CFL

3 30 | Solid-State Lighting Program 0

www.ssl.energy.gov

What about solid-state lighting (SSL)?

07-23A

09-20A

Al A-lamp/G-lamp /G l

Al A-lamp/G-lamp /G l

10-28D

09-21A

A-lamp/G-lamp a p/G a p

A-lamp/G-lamp a p/G a p

3 31 | Solid-State Lighting Program 1

Source : Michae www.ssl.energy.gov l

SSL: (almost) anything is possible ‌

07-14B

07-18B

R30/PAR30

R30/PAR30

09-76D

09-112A

R30/PAR30 30/ 30

R30/PAR30 30/ 30

3 32 | Solid-State Lighting Program 2

Source : Michae www.ssl.energy.gov l

SSL: (almost) anything is possible …

10-X-14

10-X-35

“AC LED” M Module d l

2’ x 2’ ttroffer ff

07-61

09-44

2” do downlight g t

4” do downlight g t

3 33 | Solid-State Lighting Program 3

Source: Michael Poplaw www.ssl.energy.gov

LED Technology Fact Sheets 2-4 page tutorials on LED issues  LED Color Characteristics  LED T8 Replacement lamps  Understanding Photometric Reports for SSL  Dimming LEDs  SSL Standards and Guidelines  Etc. Etc Etc. Etc

34 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov

What has the DOE/SSL Program done for you lately?

That’s all, folks!

Naomi Miller Naomi . Miller @ PNNL . gov

35 | Solid-State Lighting Program

www.ssl.energy.gov