The Urban design portfolio of Yuan Xiong

Page 1

Portfolio Yuan Xiong

the University of Sheffield MA in Urban Design OCT 2015



RESILIENCE WITHIN the BORDER CONDITION Urban Design Project of Chung Ying Street the Border of Hong Kong & Shenzhen September 2015 12 weeks Type: Academic, individual

context Resilience is defined as ‘: the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to still remain essentially the same function, structure and feedbacks, and therefore identity, that is, the capacity to change in order to maintain the same identity’. According to resilience principles, Diversity, Modularity, Social Capital, Innovation, Overlap, Tight Feedback loops, Ecosystem Services, which can be related with the definition of "edge effect" in the ecological area. The site located in a special street Chung Ying Street, a complex border street between Shenzhen & Hong Kong. I have taken comprehensive research on economic, political and social-cultural aspect of the street, and provide develop strategies from the three aspect. Using design language and taking advantages from both side, a co-productive public space can encourage residents' inner communication to diverse the possiblities on the street.


Location of the border

Facades mapping China One of the most rapid developing Country in the world. The rapid urbanization in China leads a high economic development, but it also cause a sequence of problems like gentrification, social imbalance, and historical cultural fractures. CHUNG YING STREET hONG KONG side NO.28-NO.40

One Country Two System There would be only one China, Hong Kong and Macau have their autonomy, which are governed by the their local government, while the rest of China uses the socialist system.

CLOSED FRONTIER AREA The site is located in the Frontier Closed Area, which was established in 1955. It is a border zone area in Hong Kong extended inwards from the border with Shenzhen. For anyone to enter the area, a Closed Area Permit is required.

CHUNG YING STREET hONG KONG side NO.1-NO.27

THE BORDER CONDITION the perspective of buildings on shenzhen side

THE inspection mapping

Hong Kong was a British colony with the perpetual cessionis, and returned

to China in 1997. It is the "One Country, Two Systems" Special Administrative Region of China. Hong Kong has strong university networks.

Chung Ying Street is on the border between Shenzhen and Hong Kong. Its adjacent areas are Sha Tau Kok Closed Frontier Area and Chung Ying Street Closed Frontier Area, which belong to Hong Kong and Shenzhen respectively.

Chung Ying Street A historical commercial street on the border between Hong Kong and Shenzhen

Shenzhen is the world design capital with active design industry, attracting

the world’s major electronics manufacturers. The young city owns young population, active volunteer oganizations and enthusiastic government.

To be the physical border as well as the demographic, territorial, economic, political, social, and legal borders, Chung Ying Street plays a special role in the evolution of urban development of Shenzhen, and it also witnesses the cultural and economic disparity and conflicts.

part of CHUNG YING STREET on shenzhen side


Historical eVOLUTION cOLLAGE

Challenges within ChUng Yin street


current economic condition

economic Resilience strategies

The development of Chung Ying Street relies on the single structure consumption economy. Visitors went to Chung Ying Street to purchase Tax Free Global Brands in 1990s, however Counterfeits occupied the market, because market management is difficult to proceed in both side due to of the political border issue. The business reputation of Chung Ying Street fell off the bottom. With the economic development and life standard improvement of Mainland China, less people are willing to go to Chung Ying Street.

current political condition Complex cross border certificate application and huge number of smuggler in the queue also increase the travelling time, and make the local residents’ life inconvenient.

current social-cultural condition

social-cultural Resilience strategies

Top down urban planning and benefits first development makes the community and the street lifeless. Residents lives in the life between home and work or school. since it’s lack of common public space for residents from both side, it’s lack of communicating space for them.

political Resilience strategies economic Resilience net-workk

Indepent Artists

HK Arts School

Artists Group Designers

HK Planning, Environment and Lands Bureau SZ Market supervior Bureau

HK Frontier Area Police Office

HK Antiquities Advisory Board

Arts Institutions

HKCU School of Architecture

HKU Department of Architecture

SZU Architecture Faculty

Educational Institutions Local Authorities

SZ Volunteer Association

Chung Ying Street Volunteer Station

HK Volunteer Association

Community Groups HK Frontier Area Admin Bureau

HK Tranditional Preservation Association

Property Owners

Stakeholders

Craftmen

Renters Cultural Businessman

The value creation method of Chung Ying Street is lack of diverse industrial structure. Hong Kong has a strong arts & Design educational background and global platform, while Shenzhen as the world design capital has arts & Design industrial background and powerful potential consumers group. Meanwhile Shenzhen and Hong Kong both have mature cultural preservation and planning institution and active volunteer group. The Economic Strategies will base on local culture, invite design institutions and university in Hong Kong & Shenzhen to design and regenerate the underused listed historical buildings.

Residents

Develop new industries in the “dead buildings”, bring in individual designers and local craftsman, encourage the establishment of self-brand in culture & arts. Bring the missing part of Chung Ying Street’s industry chain—design and produce and the history and culture will be preserved simultaneously. Beyond that, connecting governments and authorities in Shenzhen & Hong Kong, establish a united market supervisor group, which has the right to inspect and manage stores from both side. And new Credit Rating System will be produced; in the meanwhile the right of consumers will be protected.


Political Resilience net-work

SOCIAL-CULTURAl Resilience net-work HK & SZ Planning, Environment and Lands Bureau

HK Food and Health HK Customs and HK Commerce and Bureau Excise Department Economic Development Bureau HK Frontier Area Police Office

HK Authorities

SZ Chung Ying Street Administrative Office

Exit & Entry Register Group

Festival Planning Group

HK Social Welfare Department

Common Space Administration

UNITED COMMUNITY AGENCY

SZ Entry-Exit Inspection & SZ Customs and Quarantine Bureau Excise Department Market & Quality Supervision Commission of Shenzhen Municipality

SZ Authorities HK Frontier Area Admin Bureau

SZ Frontier Inspections

HK Shan Tsui Public School

HK Sha Tau Kok Central Primary School

SZ Entry-Exit Inspection & Quarantine Bureau HK Home Affairs Department

Local Authorities

Cross Border Families Service Station

SZHK Cross Border pupils’ Parents Association

Cross Border Pupils Service Center

Cross Border Pupils

HK Volunteer Association

Community Groups SZ Haitao Primary School

CREATE OVERLAPS IN AVAILABLE TIME

Educational Institutions

SZ Volunteer Association Local Arts Group

Chung Ying Street Administrative Office

SZ Tianxin Primary School

SZ Tianxin Primary School

Artists & Designers

Land Owners

Builders

Stakeholders

Residents Teachers

Nearby Cross Border Pupils

Students

The Political Strategies need to connect authorities and governments from both side. Free to buy: normal purchase right, tax free stores in Shenzhen, Tax Free Festival; Bilateral commercial companies, “smuggling experience shop” Free to go: Accessibilities for registered residents. Easy to buy: Simply Cross Border Certificate; convenient the register procedure; Special Access for registered residents.

The strategies are based on the leftover and underused spaces in the border area, take advantages from both sides: such as educational resource in HK, and cheap materials and labours in Hong Kong to build a co-productive public space.

The author of resilience mentioned in his book, decentralized organic structures are beneficial to build resilience; meanwhile the social identity and spontaneous constructions and participations are vital to the building of resilience system. City is constructed by small size components, such as: communities, social network, innovators, and infrastructures. If we can apply this opinion from the aspect of urban design, it happen to hold the same view of “new urbanism”: Construct communities as independent unit; rise the proportion and level of public engagement and various kinds of social force in urban design and planning; return to traditional neighbourhood relationships.

PROPOSING TIME USING CURRENT TIME USING

RESILIENCE STRATEGIES Available spaceS

MI ECONO

C RESILIENCE STRATEGIES

The Frontier Greenland is used as the isolation belt in the border area, being empty and wasted in years. The isolated space is surrounded by iron fences to avoid people across to the other side. AL RESILIENCE STRATEGIES POLITIC

Redesign and transform the Greenland into a communicating public space, which is accessible for residents from both side.

the isolated GREENLAND

ES L-CULTURAL R ILIENCE STRATEGIES SOCIA

SITE CHOOSE THE ISOLATED GREENLAND

The Lane behind HK side of Chung Ying Street

Small underused lands along the Lane

The Inner road of the isolation area

the underused greenlands in the isolation area


fences condition analysis

space design Concept

accessibility ANAlysis

A Fences with disorder cycle parking

B

E

C

C

B

Surround by fences A waste green land

HK residents can cross it SZ residents can not

Fences with a lane oppsite to the back of building

A lane behind Chung Ying Street are accessable from both side

B D

C B

design concept

C E

A

Fences with a lane facing the front of shops

Iron Fences HK Inspection The underused greenland is surrounded by the fences. People from HK can go through the land to Chung Ying Street, People from SZ are warned by the signs near Chung Ying Street, can not go into or through the land.

Warning Signs: This is the area of HONG KONG, you may be detained. If you access or stay in the area without legal permission. Commissioner of Police

D Fences inbetween the waste greenlands and passageway

E Fences facing the Vehicle Road

Redesign the wall on the west. Make it delightful and touchable

Ensure and improve the accessablity to the land

Open the fences near the lane on the east side. Transform it delightful, seatable, usefull

Coproduce and enrich the activities in the isolation grass land


fences design 1

the master plan

PERSPECTIVES

4

West Side Fences

3 2 The Current Situation

Squeeze for new facade & small greenlands

1

Increase the accessability

5

6 8

7

10 9 Adding entrance landmark

Possibility to go over the wall

The Proposing Wall

11

A

OPEN

12

SEATS TRANSFORMING

HALF OPEN

When various groups gather together, the sharing space can encourage the interaction and communication in the groups. People will find that they can share some any other things in the same time of space sharing, such as skill, time, culture etc.

KEEP CLOSE

fences design 2

east Side Fences

1. The Entrance of the Common Park 2. The Community Center 3. The Rotatable Seat-wall 4. The Co-productive Container Houses 5. The Border Seats 6. The Border Gate 7. The Communicating Platform 8. The Educational Space 9. The Coproductive Planting Area 10. The Overbridge 11. Wood path Along the Wall 12. The Bicycle Collector

A: The Rotatable Seat-Wall

C: Landscape Gate

SEATS

BICYCLE COLLECTOR COMMNICATE PLATFORM TRANSFORMING TRANSFORMING

B

GATES TRANSFORMING

C

B: The Communicating Platform


Transurbance in hulme Urban Design Research Project in the Hulme of Manchester Jan 2015 12 weeks Type: Academic, Group work, Updated Individually

context The Project" Hulme Transurbance" shows that how I use the methodology of “Transurbance” to analyse and solve the negative emotions existing in leftover spaces. In the project, I use “Transurbance” as the action guide, first walking along the ward boundary of Hulme Manchester, then produce a Transurbance map of all the leftover spaces I found. After the exploring and experiencing, I classified and graded the leftover spaces into five categories and related them with negative emotions. After find relationships in emotion and physcial problems and outdoor activities, I produced the solution in order to lift the quality of environment, bringing people out of buildings.


TRANSURBANCE mapping - Hulme Walking

pOMONA ISLAND + Cornbrook Metro Station

Walked along the boundary of Hulme, focusing on those "Actual Territories" which are leftover and ignored by people.

+ Gateway to Pomona

In the Transurbance Map, "Actual Territories" are mapped in blue, and the using and good quality spaces are in Yellow.

+ Hulme Junction Locks

I collaged the images which were recorded in "Actual Territories", created a updated map with visual impression of leftover spaces.

History research Pomona island was a place for the public to escape the "Ill Air" of central Manchester.

Actual territories mapping Actual Territories Categories We divided "Actual Territories" into 5 groups: Restricted Access, Flourishing Wasteland, Infrastructure Scars, Cultural Abandonment and Owner Neglect Then I stamped these "actual territories" on our Transurbance map to illustrate these problems in the area.

RESTRICTED ACCESS

Fences

FLOURISHING WASTELAND

Access Barbedwire Wildlife

Overgrown Dogmess

INFRASTRUCTURE SCARES

Flyover

Viaducts

Noise

CULTURAL ABANDONMENT

Graffiti

Homeless

Litter

1850

1920

2014

Pomona Palace was built on the grounds in 1868, which was the largest of it's kind in the country and could accommodate 30,000 people for dances, parties, large events and political rallies. By the 1880s the gardens were surrounded by factories and mills. A chemical explosion in 1887 at a neighbouring works damaged the Palace beyond repair.

A connection to the Bridgewater canal was built at Hulme Lock, up-river from the docks. This was extremely busy for many years with much cargo being discharged from the bigger vessels into barges for onward transmission via smaller canals. Pomona has existed in this limbo for 41 years, since the Docks closed.

In 1974 a nightclub was opened aboard a moored ship. Manchester’s first ship club included seven different bars, a dance floor and a restaurant. Later the same year the owners purchased an RAF aircraft, and parked it besides the ship to act as an overflow restaurant and dance floor. Landowners Peel Holdings have plans for a huge development of apartments on the Cornbrook side of the site.

OWNER NEGLECT

Decay

Parking

Empty


Model analysis

Emotion Mapping Feeling unwelcome and as if you are trespassing

Negative Level

River & Canal Residencial buildings Tram line & Viaducts

Feeling trapped Feeling no respect or pride

Weak connection with water

Infr

Ab Cul an tu do ra nm l en t

Huge boring Blocks

Feeling unsafe due to physical hazards

hing urs Flo el and t Was

Physical Problems in Hulme Junction locks

ast r Sca ucture re

Owner Neglect

Feeling anxious and unsafe at night Feeling anxious and unsafe during the day

ed ct s i r s st ce Re Ac

Abandoned areas produce people's negative emotions. These emotions also made less people are willing to enter these areas, and then the vicious circle completed. We classifcated and rated the negative emotions and find some relationships in those emotions and spaces. In my update work I draw a diagram to emphasize the linking between different “Actual Territories" and people's negative emotion.

Distance along the canal Unreachable and Waste Viaduct High speed

High speed

Site Section

Too straight and long narrow path

related Conditions in Hulme Junction locks Outdoor Activities Analysis - Social activities won't happen in the place with poor environment quality I observed peoples' activities in the site several times at different time in different weather. 13:00-13:30PM, 25/11/2014(TUESDAY),CLOUDY 11:00-12:00PM, 13/12/2014(SATURDAY), SUNNY 10:00-11:10PM, 05/01/2015 (SUNDAY), WINDY The buildings in the site include a residential community- St.George’s Island, which has high-rise blocks apartments and a large number of residents. But there are less people are willing to get outside for outdoor activities even in the weekends afternoon in a good weather. Most of activities in the site are necessary activities- passing by.

+ Cornbrook Metro Station

EFFECT

Outdoor Activities

PHYSICAL PROBLEMS

Necessay Activities

+ Gateway to Pomona

Site Section

PRODUCE

NEGATIVE EMOTIONS

OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES

Optional Acitivities

Outdoor Activities

Social Activities

Environment Quality

Bad Quality of Environment Negative Emotion Level Some optional activities happened near the Bridgewater Basin and the inner canal, but since it is lack of stopping point-place to sit, stand and stay, the activities cannot last long and attract more activities.

QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT

Negative Emotions

Condition's Relationship


emotion problem solution

Scenario 1: "Ground line"

MAP

Unwelcome & Trespassing

No respect or Pride

Accessibility

Guides & Map

Signage

Local Landmark

Infrastructure

Green Space

Pleasure-boat

Since the environment quality can affect outdoor activities, when we renovate and improvement of physical environment, dealing with related negative emotions, and then the quality of environment can be lifted; people are willing to go out for outdoor activities.a

The linking arches under viaducts goes through the whole site and connecting city center to hulme. Solve the physical problems through the renovation under viaducts, and developing the space under viaducts into a walking and cycling path-"Groundline"- linking tidy green and leisure spaces, which can play a similar role like "the High Line" in New York.

High speed

Tidy Environment

MAP

Feeling Trapped

Escape Route

OpenMAPSpace

Waterline Design

MAP

Physical Hazards Unsafety

Open the Fences

Safe Walkways

Navigating Wilderness

Scenario 2: Mutifunction of viaducts Anxious & Unsafe at night

Arches Lighting

Evening Occupancy

Night Events

Walkway Lighting High speed

Anxious & Unsafe during the day

Activities

Multi-function

High speed

Stoping Points

Intervention - Guide Book

Most of the arches are waste or occupied by homeless people. The arches witnessed the vicissitude of Pomona Island and have distinct architectural characters. Develop spaces under viaduct in artistic way, such as temporary installation and construction; insert mulitifunction space into the viaducts to create a space with more possibilities.

MAP MAP

The ignorance of Pomona Island also contributes to isolate the area. Through the research, we found the splendid history and the abundant flora and fauna in the waste land. By using the methodology of Transurbance, we organised the history and the local characteristics and made a booklet to record stories and memories in the place. There are brief introduction of histories, flora and fauna creatures of Pomona Island in the booklet. We hope the booklet can help to remain residents the hidden land and rise nearby residents’ awareness to use and build the area together.

Scenario 3: ACTIVATE THE INNER CANAL

High speed

High speed

The inner canal provides a good atmosphere of leisure and living environment, but the condition analysis shows the low utilization in the area. It is because of the lack of infrastructure and stopping point. Add stop points for residents; Leave some space for people to walk, stand and sit, reduce the speed of walking people, make more opportunities for people to communicate.


"sUBCULTURE" URBAN SPACE Urban Design Project about the Subcultural Space Based on the Comprehensive Research in the Devonshire Quarter of Sheffield May 2015 16 weeks Type: Academic, individual

context Various Vintage shops are one important feature in Devonshire Quarter of Sheffield. I produce a concept structure of vintage, and defined the subculture space and domain culture space in the general social context. I aslo suggested a co-production economic model to deal with the problem of gentrification and a sequence of space design. Through the regenerate and intervention, the area can be transferred to be a “subculture communal space�which encourages the communication and exchange of idea, skill, and time.


SOCIAL ASPECT

vintage character in devONSHIRE stREET Site Analysis & Choose Functionality

Spatial

Safety

Natural

Spatial Potential

Political

Exsiting Uses

Enclosure

After the test of the methodology "Problem-Solution" in Dawan and "Transurbance" in Hulme, out studio come back to Sheffield, relating the findings back to specific parts of Sheffield-Devonshire Quarter.

Fundings

+ Oxfam Bookshop 276 Glossop Rd

+ Rag Parade 162 Devonshire St

The Location of Second Hand Shops

+ Freshmans 6-8 Carver St

+ A new shop 25 Division St

+ Cow 156-160 West St

These sho

Economic

Gentrifcation

Pawn

Secon

Employment

Physical

Arts S

Manmade

Self-worth

Climatic Conditions

Meso

Consumtion

There're 10 2hand shops in DQ.

These shops can be divided into 5 types:

Vintage shop

Vintages and Second-hand shopsCharity in Devonshire Quarter shop

Globalisation

Global

Noise

Macro

Neoliberalism

Vintages and Second-hand shops in Devonshire Quarter

/W ee k

e m

al > Vin

Uniqu e Self-identity o-friendly Ec

tage

mal

< Vi

ap

tim st

e

M ale: 8

.2 %

GENDER

STA

TU

S

10 .2 <5 0% 00 m 5

1

0 m

.2

-

UP RO EG AG

00

m

9%

10

4

0

9

-1 16

Most people come by car

Offices Factories

BUS

CAR

TRAM

OTHER

TRAVEL DISTANCE

People are willing to travel more than 3000m for a good event and space

<500 Meter

500-1000M

1000-3000M

>3000M

Out of Sheffield

paces

Leftover S

s

in Devonshire Quarter

WALK

Analysis

Function

Studendtation o Accomm

Using Place

Walking

CYCLE

ies

erritor

Actural T

50 PEOPLE IN LOULOU’S VINTAGE FAIR

AGE GROUPS

Site Choose Through the analysis and comparison, I select to use the character from the positive street- Devonshire Street to active the negative space-Milton st. area.

The main age group is youth people, but aging people is also a main purchase force

13-19

BUYING REASON

20-29

Eco-Friendly

Most buying reasons are unique and self identify.

30-39

Self-Identity

40-49

Cheap

50-59

Unique

60-69

>70

Other

CUSTOMER GROUP

CONSUMPTION MODE

Vintage<Normal

Normal brands are the main comsumption even in the vintage buyer group.

Vintage=Normal

Vintage>Normal

Spend

First time

<1/Month

1-3/Month

Frenquency

1/Week

>1/Week

4% .9 0m 46 00 >3

TRANSPOTATION

0m

l

Residentia

6

%

Data analysis

0 -3 m

ial

Commerc

0

1

Identity

.

8

Cultural

00 10

30-3 9

20

-29

Listed Buildings

This historical maps shows that the pattern of West street, Devonshire street and Division Street.Through our historical research we can find out the status of being the main streets of sheffield after years. How these street can keep alive?

ng

Walking

e ntag

Fir

Comparis

cli Cy

TATION NSPO TRA

Nor

Female: 91.8%

e Normal = Vintag

s Bu

e Ch r e Oth

g Welcomin s e g ta n Frou

on

Norm

Y NC UE

During the survey of the site, I found a Vintage Fair - Lou Lou’s Vintage Fair was on hold in Sheffield. The Fair is a crowded and busy event, and people who get into the Fair are also the potential customs of vintage shops. So I gathered in the Fair to observe and interview customers and stall owners in the vintage fair and got 50 questionnaires.

tim es

Stopping People

FR EN Q 3

Lou Lou's Vintage Fair

ti st Fir

Pedestrian Flow

Activitiy

VINTAGE S HOP PIN G

>

+ Mooch Vintage 76 Division St.

Once / Wee k

+ The Mind Shop 106 Devonshire St.

ek We

+ Filibuster & Booth Ltd 158 Devonshire St.

1-3 / Month

+ Rare and Racy 164-166 Devonshire St.

e/

History Pattern

+ Cash Conventers 251-253 Glossop Rd

tim <1

STUDIO Methodlogy ACTIVATORS IN PLACE

Walking Route

Arts Store - Musics, Paintings a

Vintage shop Pawnbrokers & Second-hand Pawnbrokers & 2hand Electronics Electronics Vintage shop Charity shop Second-hand Books 2hand Books Charity shop Arts Store - Musics, Paintings and Book & Books Arts Store - Musics, Paintings

Tra m

Light

Social Structure Growing Populations

Shifting Economies

Micro

Sensory

Vintages and Second-hand shops in Devonshire Quarter Second-hand Books

Car

Safety Memories

Social Networks

Tactility

Pawnbrokers & Second-hand E

There are 9 second-hand shops in the site Devonshire Quarter.

9 60-6

Accessiblity

These shops can be divided into 5

Social

User Demographics

50-59

Emotional

Vintag

Ownership

one

Comfort

Community

More than

Perception

People + Places

There are 9 second-hand shops in Charit shire Quarter.

40-49

Materiality

Stakeholders

ING COMPAR ASIO SPEND N

Scale

History

There are shire Quar


ECONOMIC ASPECT

Co-production in MILTON street In the regeneration process, I developed the mutual support economic model in Egerton lane, using the Co-production model to produce the communal spaces.

emotion Mapping in milton street area

SPATIAL ASPECT

Making Profit Shops Studio Office rental rental rental Shared Commmunity Space Communication Space

Isolated Road

Reheasal Workshops space

REHEARSAL SPACE

Car Repairing Center

Musicians, Dance Society, Drama, Other Performance

WORKSHOPS

Industrial Buildings

Designers, handcrafters, little master

Studios

Car Parks

Jewellery Designers, Photoprapher, Artist, Fabric Designers, Hand crafter

Offices:

Empty Places

Architects, Charity works, Coproduction Admin, Fashion Designers

Independent shops:

Underused Listed Buildings

Retro, Vintage, old records, cafes& restaurant, second-hand books, Charity Arts, Artworks

Communication Spaces: Classrooms, Meeting rooms

Physical Mapping of Milton STREET area

Traffic Flows Mapping in mILTON STREET area

Staying Person Automobile Pedestrian


subculture transformation principle

master plan

Follow the resistance character of subculture, I try to transform the elements in building enrivonment into some unusual way. These transformations are also corresponding to the emotional solutions. Then I can use the principle to activate the urban space.

Closed Window

Open Bar Counter

Container

Adjunctive BayWindow

Huge Unwelcome Building

Attracting Showing Window

Roof

Balcony

Staircase

Sitable stair with Planting Bed

Flat Roof

Roof Garden

Electric substation

Outdoor Movie Background

Iron Fences

Sitable partition wall with planting beds

Pedestrian Street with Stop Point

Isolated Empty Space

Rain Collecting Garden

Walking Door

Mix Transportation Street

Half Shade

Veranda

Develop strategy Phrase 1 Regenerate the Egenton Lane

Phrase 2 Pedestrian Street & Public Rain Garden

Phrase 3 Build the pedestrian bridge to get more public spaces

persperctive


TransfOrmation analysis

The Proposing Motor Traffic Route

The Proposing Transform Space

persperctives

The Proposing New Pedestrian Street


REUNITE.

Compound Park Lung Tsun Stone Bridge Conservation Corridor Concept Design Kai Tak Area,Hong Kong, China November 2013 2 weeks Size:24,000 m2

Type: Personal project, Team Individual Part:The design and graphic drawing of landscape part

context The Long Tsun Stone Bridge is an important historic relic site of Hong Kong. In incorporates the Kowloon City’s history, social and economic development. The rise and fall of Lung Tsun Stone Bridge closely relates to the political, economic and social development of the Kowloon City region. In 1873, the Qing Government built the Kowloon Stone Bridge as the dock for the purpose of setting Kowloon customs and suppressing opium smuggling. Afterwards, a wooden structural extension was made to original stone bridge. In 1910, the Kowloon Dock project was initiated. In the 1920s, in the wake of Kowloon Bay’s development, Chinese residence area Kai Tak Bund was developed. Thus. the bridge’s section near to the land was buried. In 1927, the Kat Tak Airport project began. As the airport expansion continued, the entire Long Tsun Stone Bridge had been buried by 1945. The development and excavation beginning from 1998, when the airport was closed, discovered the stone bridge in 2008. In our team work, we discussed and confirmed the idea and orientation for thinking. And I was assigned the independent work of landscape design and graphic drawing.


Location Analysis & Present Situation Survey

Analysis of Kai Tak Region's Evolvement in History Lung Tsun Stone Bridge relics

Kowloon City Field 1925

Kai Tak Airport 1941

Kai Tak Airport 1954 PRE

-wa

r Ta

ke-o

ff an

d La

ndin

g Ar

ea

Kowloon City Pier Kowloon City Pier

Original Site of The Pier

Hong Kong International Airport 1958-1974

N

Original Site of The Pier

Hong Kong International Airport 1997

N Original Site of The Pier

Core idea Through analysis of the historical meaning and geographical feature of the surrounding area’s elements, we conclude the major design elements in bridge, entrance, market and sea.

Lung Tsun Stone Bridge in the history

Lung Tsun Pavilion

Lung Tsun Pavilion and Lung Tsun Stone Bridge in the 1910s

Lung Tsun Stone Bridge built in 1875

Timber extension of the bridge built in 1892

Lung Tsun Stone Bridge cartoon in British newspaper in the 1880s

Hong Kong Island

Kowloon Road Lung Tsun Stone Bridge

Kowloon City

Built between 1873 to 1875, the Lung Tsun Stone Bridge was originally 200m long, 2.6~4m wide, and was divided into south and north sections. It was located at the shore of Kowloon City with a granite dock, acting as the landing dock of this region. In the 1920s, the bridge was buried due to the regional costal project and the airport expansion. After the stone bridge was found, people have further discoveries of Lung Tsun Pavilion, old Kowloon City dock and the seawall relics.

Geographical Feature SEA(海):The stone bridge was constructed in sea water, witnessing the passing ships and the rising and falling tides. All these created a piece of historical scenery of this region.

The Kowloon landform map drawn by Lieutenant Collinson R.E. in 1845

Vitality

Portal

Connection

Market(市): The dock of Lung Tsun Stone Bridge attracted ships to anchor here, speeding up the formation of Kowloon City market.

Entrance(门): As the city’s exit to the sea, Lung Tsun Stone Bridge is also an entrance to the city. During the initial period of British occupation, it was also the only way to the Kowloon Walled City for Chinese officers.

Bridge(橋): Longjin Stone Bridge served as the exit to the sea, crossing the sea surface and linking the land and dock.


The rooftop of two green belts with a walking pathway in the middle

Bridge

Rooms of scattered arrangement Multifunctional rooms

The location of the stone bridge relics crosses the underground shopping street and intertwines with the street in horizontal direction. Therefore, the underground shopping street design should consider how to cross the relics without much influence. A rotating ferris wheel is placed with an access point in the shopping street for tourists at one side of the relics. In the ascending process, they can view the relics from different angles till they reach the opposite building and choose descending paths according to their own purposes.

Market

The building of Lung Tsun Stone Bridge greatly boosted the local business development. People naturally formed a market between the bridge dock and Kowloon Walled City. We hope to reproduce the market at the two sides of the relics. Multifunctional rooms are arranged scattered in the back and forth direction, creating various terrace spaces. The rooms are rented to individuals or organizations for the purposes of exhibition, party or commercial activities. The rooftop level has two green belts with a walking pathway in the middle.

Sea

Entrance We hope to add connected public spaces at difference levels in the area, linking the buildings at the upper level. The Chinese character “門” (meaning “Entrance”) generates the basic shape, which evolves into more variations and combinations, connecting the surrounding buildings and lower streets. The crossing mass between buildings contains functions of museum, library, theatre, school and so on, to make the entire area a compound multi-functional community.

LAND

SEA Tourists can walk freely at the relics level of sandgravel surface. At the forth section, the south-to-north decreasing water area simulates the environment of rising and falling tides. Walking through the dock, tourists may also view the relics from a different angle. The ground level links underground shopping street. Tourists from the shopping street can reach the ground level directly. Overhead the original Lung Tsun Pavilion location, holographic projection is used to display its historic look.


d

The completion and use of Lung Tsun Stone Bridge facilitated the regional development. And the discovery of the stone bridge relics will also instill new vitality to the urban block development. Nowadays, we reunite the bridge, entrance, market and sea, reincorporating the Lung Tsun Stone Bridge into the blocks, forming a compound urban park.

BRIDGE The rotating ferris wheel

The Master Plan

B

d

C

ENTRANCE The connected public spaces

A

C

MARKET The multifunctional rooms arrangement

橋,門,市,海 Bridge,entrance,market and sea

A

B

The idea and arrangement of the relics level comes from the SEA

As a monument of explicit historical connotation and cultural symbol, the Lung Tsun Stone Bridge incorporates the ideas of Bridge, Entrance, Market and Sea of the city, connecting the inside and outside and uniting the functions of residence, business and transport. We hope that Lung Tsun Stone Bridge will not exist only as an exhibit, but an accelerator to promote the urban regional development. Originally the entrance to the city, Lung Tsun Stone Bridge now shall become part of the city. The stone bridge buried for half a century shall be integrated into the rapidly developing city as a new entity.

A-A Section

42

B-B Section

C-C Section

D-D Section

43


BOUYEI SOUL IN THE NATURE(Updated Work) Regulatory Detailed Planning of Ten-thousand Peak Forest Scenic Spot Ten-thousand Peak Forest Scenic Spot, Xingyi City, Guizhou Province Original project date: November 2009 6 weeks Size: 2,740 ha Type: Academic, Teamwork Individual Part: General planning, discussion and analysis Work updated in April 2013 3 weeks Type: Individual Further analysis, typical village design and typical architectural spatial design

CONTEXT The project base is located within the Ten-thousand Peak Forest Scenic Spot to the southwest of the Guizhou Province, China, linking the central scenic spot and the Xingyi urban district. The base is surrounded by karst peak forest, with a 12-kilometre long river running through it and 8 minor ethnic group villages lying sporadically at two sides of the river. There are rich various landscape resources. As this was a team project, all works were in discussion and cooperation of the whole team, and I participated in general planning, discussion and analysis. This time, I updated this project individually with further analysis, typical village design and typical architectural spatial design.


Location Analysis & Present Situation Survey

Bouyei Buliding Analysis

Guizhou province lies in the westsouth of China

①Unique geological and geomorphic landscape ②Rich hydrology resource ③Abundant Karst vegetation, including evergreen broadleaved forest, broadleaved and coniferous mixed forest, etc. ④Humid climate and pure air with an average temperature of 15~18℃,making the best living environment.

Qianxinan Prefecture is located in the southwest of Guizhou

Minor ethnic building style with a history of about a thousand years: Bole fences building, half-side building

Buildings of stone walls and grey tiles with stone and clay materials from the Karst landform.

Building Nature Analysis

Building Style Analysis

Xingyi city is in the southwest of Qianxinan Prefecture ①Historical sites have been preserved intact. ②Unique Bouyei village spatial arrangement, residence model ③Minor ethnic culture with Bouyei culture as the main content, added with Miao, Yi and Hui ethnic elements.

Surrounding

Bouyei Settlement Form Space and Distribution

Wood structure Concrete yard structure Stone and grey tile structure Concrete structure Water Road

Residence Business Medical Education Water Road Business

Medical

Education

Residence

Wood

concrete

stone

Total

Quantity

1

1

6

880

Quantity

4

196

688

888

Percentage

0.001

0.001

0.007

0.991

Percentage

0.001

0.001

0.007

1

Building Overall Analysis

Building Height Analysis Xianahui Village is a typical Bouyei Puyi ethnic residence space for our survey.

Mountain Vein

Important Village Spot

XiaNahui Village

Mountain Pattern

Water Vein

Water Pattern

Cultural Vein

Humanitarian Pattern

Bouyei villages thoroughly utilize the terrain and water conditions for agricultural production and ethnic cultural development. This should be considered seriously in planning.

More than 3 storeys 3 storeys 2 storeys 1 storey Water Road

For restoration For demolition For reconstruction Water Road

1 storey

2 storey

3 storeys

More than 3 storeys

Total

Quantity

803

80

4

1

888

Percentage

0.904

0.09

0.005

0.001

1

Based on the building quality, style and height analysis, restoration and reconstruction are chosen as the main approaches while leaving the existing waterways and basic farmland unchanged.


GIS Analysis

Concept Plan

Concept Digram

With GIS technology and the contour lines, a 3-D geography model displays the local terrain features. Elevation, slope and aspect analysis is made for the scenic spot.

Old buildings

Farmhouse lodgingt

Cultural Tenthousand Peak Forest

n itio trad cal ulture c e lo e th bing e Sav bsor ssenc A e

Economic

Ecological agriculture

.

Dev elo tou ping a ris g farm m. In ricultu r ers crea ' inc s al om e e.

Farming experience

Bouyei nationality

Natural Wildlife

Peak Forest

Elevation Analysis Below 1150m 1150m-1200m 1200m-1250m 1250m-1300m 1300m-1350m 1350m-1400m 1400m-1450m 1450m-1500m Above 1500m

Rivers

Aspect Analysis

Slope Analysis

north slope northeast slope east slope southeast slope south slope southwest slope west slope northwest slope

0°—10° 10°—20° 20°—30° 30°—40° 40°—50° 50°—60° 60°—70° 70°—80° 80°—90°

Elevation analysis The elevation analysis relates to the transport accessibility and water affinity. The altitude elevation is between 1132m and 1623m. The flat section between 1132m and 1200m is for major construction area. Aspect Analysis Aspect relates closely to microclimate. The south slope is better than north slope, and the slope south by east with sufficient sunshine is the best for natural ventilation and plant growth. The area still has optimum aspects for construction. Slope Analysis The gradient affects a lot the plant growth and construction. Gradient larger than 25°is not suitable for agricultural planting or construction. The area of Karst terrain conditions has radical gradient changes. The main construction area has a gradient between 0°-10°.

Analysis of Current Land Use

Key attributes Design components Outcomes

①Natural landscape -- Karst village

The 12-kilometre long area of “bouyei soul in the nature” constitutes a landscape belt of interaction between human and the nature. The Karst rural style is exhibited through villages, field, peak forest, water, botanic garden, etc, with projects in garbage collection, buried pipeline, washroom renovation, etc.

②Agricultural Tourism -- Ecological agricultural economy

Road Vein Waterway Vein

Modern ecological and experience-oriented landscape agriculture shall be developed with complete services in catering, lodging, traveling, sightseeing, entertainment and shopping.

③Bouyei village -- Minor ethnic culture

Each village group has a small theatre and non-material cultural heritage workshops of indigenous potting, ethnic costumes, traditional papermaking, etc.Bouyei building groups with unique features are placed in key areas.

“bouyei soul in the nature” Landscape Axis Karst Village Spot Key Village Planning Sub-areas

AVC Analysis

Present Attraction Evaluation Strong Good Fair Weak Very weak

Attraction Planning Evaluation Strong Good Fair Weak Very weak

Evaluation Factors for Attraction: Accessibility, comfort, completeness, uniqueness, popularity, landscape interaction

Land Using Analysis Farmland Productive plantation area Forest Residence Administration Commercial Education Medical Garbage processing Road Waterway Building Planning boundary line

Construct sustainble village ecology.Save the ecological diversity

Visual Analysis

Planning boundary line Waterway Secondary landscape spot Primary landscape spot Riverside landscape belt Aerial visual axis Secondary visual axis Primary visual axis

Road Analysis Motor vehicle lane Electric vehicle lane Primary pedestrian walkway Planning boundary line

Attraction evaluation result: ⑴Regarding attraction, the north is better than the south. The area close to Xingyi urban district is most attractive while the area to the south of Leli Gorge is much less attractive. ⑵The overall attraction is weak. The planning should strengthen development, especially to narrow the attraction gap between the north and south areas. ⑶Overall land use planning, landscape visual planning, tourist line arrangement and planning, general planning

Present Vitality Evaluation Strong Good Fair Weak Very weak

Vitality Planning Evaluation Strong Good Fair Weak Very weak

Evaluation Factors for Vitality: Static and dynamic conditions of spaces, preservation and utilization of natural landscape, greening and planning, operation management ability, tourists, healthy development of ecological environment Vitality evaluation result: ⑴Overall vitality is low while the area close to Xingyi urban district is relatively higher. ⑵Improving the vitality of existing high-quality resource by enhancing the management and new tourism product quality. ⑶The formation of vitality should be from an integration of points, lines and areas, and has a balanced overall structure.

Present Bearingcapacity Evaluation Strong Good Fair Weak Very weak

Bearing-capacity Planning Evaluation Strong Good Fair Weak Very weak

Evaluation Factors for Bearing-capacity: Activity capacity, ecological capacity, landscape capacity, tourists and residents capacity,space and time capacity, economic input capacity Bearing-capacity evaluation result: ⑴Balancing the bearing-capacity in the north and south via tourism capacity, open space and ecological environment planning. ⑵Improving bearing capacity must consider transport and capacity, facility hospitality, scale and reception volume, open space and tourist gathering, etc. ⑶While optimizing current tourism structure and improving partial area capacity, we should upgrade the tourism pollution management for overall bearing capacity improvement.


Land Use Planning

Function Planning

Resource Preservation and Regulatory Planning

Tourist commodities Comprehensive service Southwest botanic garden Ecological breeding Gardens and villas Ethnic cultural experience Farming cultural experience Wonder stone garden

Motor vehicle lane Electric vehicle lane Pedestrian walkway Waterway Planning boundary line

Traffic Planning

Group Planning Hotel Service Administration Culture & entertainment Residence Hiking development Ecological wetland park Public green area Farmland Protection Goods traffic Square Parking area Medical Waterway Planning boundary line

Riverside greening Road greening Wetland farmland Forest rehabilitation Forest reservation Village greening Leisure greening Specified planting Road Waterway Planning boundary line

Building control Environmental coordination Commercial development Leisure entertainment Square Residents area Ethnic folk street Business street Building style one Building style two Building style three Building style four Building style five Planning boundary line

2 storeys- Residence 3 storeys- Residence 3 storeys- Public building 6 storeys- Public building Productive plantation area Forest Waterway

Green area system planning

Planning boundary line

Bouyei Residence Space

Building Style Control Planning

Create new village texture with typical ethnic residence elements and terrain conditions

Touring Arrangement Planning Typical Elements

· Two-side Street · Ground floor for retail shops First floor for residence or storage · Commercial

· Unfolded Courtyard House · Corridor style building · Neighborhood relationship

· Courtyard House · Retaining independent building space · Inner communication

· Sporadic Residence Building · Sporadic distribution · Independent

Texture Combination

Secondary touring route Primary touring route Planning boundary line First tier landscape spot Second tier landscape spot Third tier landscape spot

Touring planning

Entrance Parking area Service spot Service station Service village Eco-museum Washroom

Infrastructure planning

· Central square and streets radiation · Multi-functional building combination · Visual effect, fluidness

· Semi-closed space · Theme square, waterway · Affinity

Village texture


Typical Bouyei Village Design

Bouyei residence house type design

Waterway Design Analysis

Residence house design:

Residence house type 1

Commercial house type 1

Residence house type 2

Commercial house type 2

Residence house type 3

Residence house type 4

Commercial house type 3

Residence house types 1 and 3 are buildings of closed yard. House type 2 is a single-storey building. House type 4 is a three-storey building.

50-year flood control line

Commercial house design:

Third level of riverside protection Tall arbors irrigated area

Commercial buildings has house types of general business shop, bar & teahouse and catering business. Commercial house types 1 and 2 are row commercial houses. Commercial house type 3 is a single unit commercial house.

Major activity area of people flow Landscape distribution belt

LeLi Village

Typical Bouyei Residence Facade Design

Building style 1

Second level of riverside protection Low arbors irrigated area

First level of riverside protection Concrete & stone mix

Building style 2 Commercial area facade illustration

Waterway

Building style 3

Riverside superposition model

Building style 4

Resident settlement place facade illustration Building style 5 The building styles are rearranged under consideration of terrain conditions. The preserved buildings’ storey numbers are reduced with elevation and roof renovations. The whole area is recreated into a large scale Bouyei architecture museum.

Demonstration of A Typical Bouyei Street

Xianahui Village

Riverside Landscape Section

Leisure & entertainment area facade illustration


Other Works

Photography

Pen drawing practice Hand-drawing ink line plane practice

Architectural drawing practice Pen drawing practice

Hand-drawing color plane practice

Pen drawing practice


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