LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
University of Kentucky
Department of Landscape Architecture J. Kaelin, C. Hunt, A. Sookying, M. Maloney
Students
Dr. R. Hargrove, N. Cranksahw
Academic Advisors
L. Johnson, G. VanMeter
Professional Advisors
Table of Contents 1. History
2. Outside Studies
3. Connectivity
4. Opportunity
5. The Trolley
6. Initial Design Stages
7. Route Alternatives
8. Stop Design Visualization
9. Trolley Activity Alternatives
10. Mapping Alternative
COLT Trolley Executive Summary LexConNext [We] have been working for the past 4 months on an idea that fits the mission “How can we, as ordinary citizens, transform our community?” Our project is all about transforming our community and does it through multiple ways: increasing connectivity, helping provide transportation to underserved areas of Lexington, creating a vibrant public transportation system attractive to residents and visitors alike, and rethinking how we think about transit, the destigmatization of transportation if you will, starts here. The project, LexconNEXT focuses on exploring macro connectivity issues throughout Lexington and offers solutions and concepts for how to begin to reverse those trends through improvement of the Lexington Colt Trolley System including: new route concepts, addressing transportation legibility issues, creating a vibrant system of trolley stops in logical locations and ideas on how we can change the physical and social experience on the trolley to attract and retain both need based and choice riders.
One of the key components of our project is creating a vibrant trolley stop system throughout downtown Lexington. These stops need not be expensive, but do need to be created in a way that they are instantly understood as related to transportation, include pertinent system information (maps time’s key attractions) and be attractive/unique. Similar to what Art Stop is doing, but throughout an entire system and in a cost cautious way. We will be supplementing a lack of funds with strong partnerships (already working with, LexTran, Bull Horn, the North Limestone Neighborhood Association, and the University of Kentucky among others) and BOLD creative solutions utilizing cost effective materials and volunteerism. We could use $500 to implement a trial stop design or use it as seed money to take to businesses and other organizations for fund matching to further explore these opportunities through planning and implementation processes. Of note, LexconNEXT has been working for the past 4 months with University of Kentucky Landscape Architecture Students, North Limestone Businesses and LexTran creating an analysis and concept document to serve as the foundation for ongoing planning and implementation. We aren’t starting from scratch, we are already volunteering and working!
HISTORY YROTSIH
To begin researching the Trolley system, we began by studying the broad history of transportation throughout the U.S. to identify macro trends through time.
Tr a n s p o r t a t i o n H I S T O R Y
HORSE-DRAWN STREETCARS IN LEXINGTON
LEXINGTON WAS FOUNDED ELECTRIC STREETCARS STREENCARS INTRODUCED INTO LEXINGTON
OMNIBUS TRANSPORTATION IN LEXINGTON
1780
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
DEVELOPMENT OF RAILROADS
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
STEAMBOATS IN THE US FIRST STEAMBOASTS
Commerce Act Interstate Commerace 1887
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
19
FIRST SUBWAY OPENS IN BOSTON
THE USE OF ASPHALT BEGINGS BEGINS IN THE US
AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
LexconNEXT: Phase 1
1890
GREYHOUND BUS ACCESS IN LEXINGTON EXTENSION ROUTES TO GEORGETOWN, PARIS, VERSAILLES, AND NICHOLASVILLE
900
WW1 I
1910
AUTOMOBILES INFLUENCE SUBURBAN MIGRATION
1920
1930
1940
1950
COLT TROLLEY
1960
1970
1980
1990
LARGE AIR TRAVEL INCREASE
WW2 II
2000
2010 INDEPENDENT TRANSPORTATION
FORD PRODUCES MODEL-T T-MODEL
Federal Aid Highway Act 1956 Federal Road Act 1916
LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Urban Mass Transportation Act 1964
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act 1991
Transportation Equity Act 1998
2020
OUTSIDE STUDIES SEIDUTS EDISTUO
By analyzing parallel efforts in other cities, both peer cities and those of larger populations it is possible to benchmark characteristics of public trolley systems and understand where the Colt Trolley sits in comparison.
Lexington, KY
Scottsdale, AZ
Cleveland, OH
Louisville, KY
Greenville, SC
Charlestown, SC
LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Case St u d y
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Sunday
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E IM T AL O E R INF
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AL U N AN STS CO
$396,736
$3,000,000
$1,101,000
$1,000,000
Not Avaliable
$1,435,327
= 25,000
LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
m a t r i x
CONNECTIVITY YTIVITCENNOC
By analyzing current bus and bike infrastructure it becomes possible to identify areas within the Downtown Lexington study area that are undeserved by one system or both. By identifying these areas, it becomes possible to focus on expansion and improvement in the areas most in need.
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LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
SCALE: 1” = 2,220’
Existing Roads Suitable for Cycling
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A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
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SCALE: 1” = 2,220’
Existing Bus Routes
underserved area by trolley part-time underserved area
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A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
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SCALE: 1” = 2,220’
Areas Underserved by Bus Stops
underserved area by trolley part-time underserved area
half-mile walking radius
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underserved area by cyclists
2 mile radius
Main Street wn Rd
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A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
t Ta
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SCALE: 1� = 2,220’
Areas Underserved by both Cycling and Bus Stops
OPPORTUNITY YTINUTROPPO
The next phase of analysis was to identify Opportunity Districts. These districts are comprised of land uses most suitable/desirable for public transportation systems. These districts include, multi-family, higher density housing, major work force centers, and entertainment nodes.
Chevy Chase
Thoroughbred Park
Lexington, KY is home to many popular and historic areas that attract people throughout the year. Parks, historic neighborhoods, universities, and bars are all considered cultural districts in this map. It is important for the trolley and other public transit to have routes and stops that take places like these into account.
Cheapside
LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Cultural Districts
RD
CASTLEWOOD PARK
ER
LuigART
IN C
COOLIVAN PARK
DUNCAN PARK
BLUEGRASS COMMUNITY & TECHNICAL COLLEGE
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N BROADWAY
WHITAKER BANK BALL PARK
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TRANSYLVANIA UNIVERSITY JEFFERSON STREET
W MAIN ST RUPP ARENA
WN RD
O LEEST
DISTILLERY DISTRICT
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2 mile radius
DOWNTOWN LEXINGTON
E MAIN ST WOODLAND PARK
SOUTH LIMESTONE CHEVY CHASE
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UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
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RED MILE RACE TRACK
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EUCLID AVE
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LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
SCALE: 1” = 2,220’
Cultural Districts
Holmes Hall
E. High Street Apartments
Aylesford Place Duplex’s
There are numerous high density housing types located within a two mile radius of downtown Lexington. The housing types represented in this map are: multi-family housing, mixed-use, town homes, hotels, and duplex’s. High Density housing types were studied to help determine where larger quantities of people live and would help determine where trolley routes and stops should be placed. Park Place Apartments
LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
High Density Housing
AV E
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N BROADWAY
W TO
W
NE
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E MAIN ST
W MAIN ST
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LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
SCALE: 1” = 2,220’
High Density Housing
The business districts outlined represent a wide variety of business types, including:
Light and Heavy Industrial Neighborhood Business Highway Business Mixed-Use Wholesale and Warehouse Planned Shopping Centers Professional Offices Downtown Business.
Major work force districts play a major role in public transportation ridership as Lexingtonians travel to and from work.
LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Business Districts
AV E
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PI
HE
N
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N BROADWAY
W TO
W
NE
MI
DL
AN
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2 mile radius
E MAIN ST
W MAIN ST
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OWN R LEEST
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ON ST
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LL AI RS
RD
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K
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EUCLID AVE
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LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
SCALE: 1” = 2,220’
Business Districts
N BROADWAY
RD ER
W TO
W
NE
BULLHORN
W
IN C
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PI
HE
N
ST
LuigART
WEST 6THAL’S BAR BCTC
IDA LA NND DA AV VE E.
TRANSY
MI
D ML
GREY GOOSE
W MAIN ST
E MAIN ST
DOWNTOWN
D
OWN R LEEST
SOUTH LIMESTONE
S
ME LI E
ON ST
S BROADWAY
SA VE R
RD
S
RED MILE
K
IL LE
S
EE
CR
RD
CHEVY CHASE
TE TA
TOLLY HO & COUNTRY BOY
EUCLID AVE
The major opportunity nodes represented by a yellow overlay are areas with high activity. Three maps, business districts, high density housing, and cultural districts were overlaid to determine these areas and will be ideal locations for trolley stops.
N
LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
SCALE: 1” = 2,220’
Major Opportunity Nodes
underserved area by trolley part-time underserved area underserved area by cyclists half-mile walking radius
BULLHORN
cultural districts
LuigART
WEST 6THAL’S BAR BCTC
AN
D
AV E
.
TRANSY
MI
DL
GREY GOOSE DOWNTOWN
SOUTH LIMESTONE CHEVY CHASE TOLLY HO & COUNTRY BOY
RED MILE
N
LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
SCALE: 1” = 2,220’
Opportunity Overlay Areas Underserved by Bus Stops
TROLLEY YELLORT
The next phase of the project is to study the current conditions of the existing trolley routes including, trolleys, route systems, and physical stops.
1
2 3
6 Ride experience captured Ride experience captured through a through a chronologicaltimeline timelinetotoexpress expressthe thenoticable noticable chronological elements featured featured within within the the interior interior of the trolley. elements the trolley.
LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
5
4
Interior Conditions
Capturing Ride Experience
1
1.
6th st.
3. Non-existant 4.
2rd st.
todd st.
short st. e. main st.
4
8
5 7
6
2. rose st.
vine st. high st.
maxwell st.
s ashland ave.
3
woodland ave.
3rd st.
north limestone st.
jefferson st.
2 4th st.
north upper st.
5th st.
avenue of champions
5. 6.
LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
7.
8.
Stops Condition
The Blue Line sprawls throughout downtown Downtown from from 6th 6th Street, Street, all all the way down to South Ashland the way down to South Ashland Avenue. In Incontrast contrastto tothe theGreen Green Line, the Blue Line Runs Along runs along a locations aneast/west east/westaxis. axis.The The locations of each stop further away from downtown Downtown seems seems abnormally abnormally close to run-down businesses and underutilized businesses very low density density areas. area. The and low The primary users are bar goers that utilize the trolley on weekends.
LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Blue Line Stops
5th st.
north upper st.
6th st.
3.
7.
north limestone st.
1.
4th st.
4.
6.
7 3rd st.
2rd st.
6 5
short st. e. main st.
4
2.
vine st.
high st.
5.
3 maxwell st.
2 avenue of champions
1
1
LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Stops Condition
The Green Line travels along Euclid Avenue on the University of Kentucky’s campus and goes up to as far as 4th Street. Most of the stops are located along North/ South Upper Street and North/ South Limestone cutting directly through downtown. The stops along this route are generally in dense areas. The primary users of this route are downtown workers and students wanting to travel to and back from downtown.
LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Green Line Stops
I’m separated from my better half...
I’m so lonely here...
Where am I??!? What time does the bus get here?
LexconNEXT: Phase 1
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Stop Typology
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Initial Design Stages
segatS ngiseD laitinI
Phase Two of LexConNEXT Phase Two focuses on exploring alternate routes and potential improvements to trolleys and route stops. The scale of the work ranges from macro, city mapping to micro, stop concepts. The initial design phases began with an array of concepts showing different routes. The routes differed in scale, length, and nodes. After narrowing down the concepts to three different routes, each with its own unique theme, a large scale map was digitalized with route information containing length of route, number of stops, activity nodes touched, approximately number of buses required on each route. These are route alternatives that maximize the potential use of the trolley by allowing popular areas to be included on the trolley route and minimize stop overlap.
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Existing Trolley Routes
This graphic displays the density at which trolley stops overlap within a 1/4 mile of each other. The darkest, more vibrant colors are where multiple stops overlap each other and the more transparent color displays stops with minimal overlap.
low level of stop overlap
high level of stop overlap
low level of stop overlap
high level of stop overlap
Combined with the opportunity overlay we begin to see that there are too many stops in the undersirable places or areas of low density and low opportunity. It also may be important to consider the spacing of stops, such that less stops means more consistent, quicker travel by trolleys. Allowing stop locations to be determined by a walking radius will aide in limiting route redundancy.
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Stop Walkability Analysis
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Route Design Process
Critical Mass Route
length of route
existing routes
blue route
red route
green route
number of stops
activity nodes
buses needed
ssaM etuoR lacitirC
blue route.....6 miles
critical mass
red route.....4.0 miles
two loop with circulator
two loop with nodes
green route.....2 miles
blue route.....4.3 miles
blue route.....2.4 miles
blue route.....4.7 miles
total.....8 miles
green route.....3.1 miles
green route.....2.2 miles
total.....11.4 miles
total.....7.9 miles
total.....9.3 miles
blue route.....28
red route.....10
red route.....08
red route.....11
green route.....19
blue route.....10
blue route.....08
blue route.....09
green route.....07
green route.....06
blue route.....Jefferson/Chevy Chase/Downtown
red route.....NoLi/Jefferson/Downtown
red route.....NoLi/Jefferson/Downtown
red route.....NoLi/Jefferson/Downtown/South Limestone
green route.....South Limestone/Downtown
blue route.....Chevy Chase/Downtown
blue route.....Chevy Chase/Downtown/South Limestone
blue route.....Chevy Chase/Downtown
green route.....South Limestone/Downtown
green route.....South Limestone/Downtown
blue route.....02
red route.....02
red route.....02
red route.....02
green route.....02
blue route.....02
blue route.....01
blue route.....02
green route.....01
green route.....01
red route.....3.3 miles
red route.....4.6 miles
0
650
1,300
2,600
Feet 5,200
3,900
Castle Park
Bullhorn Creative
Loudon
critical mass
LuigART
Willie’s Locally Known N Broadway
red route.....4.0 miles
West Sixth Brewery
blue route.....4.3 miles green route.....3.1 miles total.....11.4 miles
Arcadium W Sixth Street
red route.....10 N Limestone
Jefferson Street
Coolivan Park
blue route.....10
Duncan Park
green route.....07
red route.....NoLi/Jefferson/Downtown blue route.....Chevy Chase/Downtown
Green Lantern
green route.....South Limestone/Downtown Third Street
Gratz Park
The Grey Goose
red route.....02 blue route.....02
Second Street
green route.....01
Cheapside Park Short Street Main Street
Main Street
Main Street
Vine Street
Woodland Park
Two Keys Tavern
Rose Street
S Limestone
S Broadway
Tin Roof
E Hig
S Ashland Avenue
Rupp Arena
The Lex
The Critical Mass route brings the trolley system into the interior of downtown. Here, the three routes are concentrated along Main Street allowing people outside of Downtown to come in and enjoy the entertainment district Downtown.
Vine Street
h St
reet
Glen’s Creek Beer Exchange
The Beer Trappe Euclid Avenue
Bolivar
Country Boy Brewery
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
Tolley Ho
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
University of Kentucky
Charlie Browns
N
Critical Mass Route
0
650
1,300
2,600
Feet 5,200
3,900
Castle Park
Bullhorn Creative
Loudon
LuigART
Willie’s Locally Known
two loop with circulator
N Broadway
red route.....3.3 miles
West Sixth Brewery
blue route.....2.4 miles green route.....2.2 miles
Arcadium
total.....7.9 miles
W Sixth Street
N Limestone
Jefferson Street
Coolivan Park
red route.....08
Duncan Park
blue route.....08 green route.....06
red route.....NoLi/Jefferson/Downtown blue route.....Chevy Chase/ Downtown/South Limestone
Green Lantern Third Street
Gratz Park
The Grey Goose
green route.....South Limestone/Downtown red route.....02
Second Street
blue route.....01
Cheapside Park
green route.....01
Short Street Main Street
Main Street
Main Street
Vine Street
Woodland Park
Two Keys Tavern
Rose Street
S Limestone
S Broadway
Tin Roof
E Hig
S Ashland Avenue
Rupp Arena
The Lex
The Two Loop with Circulator route consists of tow larger loops connecting the urban landscape and includes a smaller loop on the interior of Downtown, connecting all three routes.
Vine Street
h St
reet
Glen’s Creek Beer Exchange
The Beer Trappe Euclid Avenue
Bolivar
Country Boy Brewery
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
Tolley Ho
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
University of Kentucky
Charlie Browns
N
Two Loop with N-S Circulator
0
650
1,300
2,600
Feet 5,200
3,900
Castle Park
Bullhorn Creative
Loudon
two loop with nodes
LuigART
Willie’s Locally Known N Broadway
red route.....4.6 miles
West Sixth Brewery
blue route.....4.7 miles total.....9.3 miles
Arcadium W Sixth Street
red route.....11 N Limestone
Jefferson Street
Coolivan Park
blue route.....09
Duncan Park
red route.....NoLi/Jefferson/ Downtown/South Limestone blue route.....Chevy Chase/Downtown
Green Lantern Third Street
Gratz Park
The Grey Goose
red route.....02 blue route.....02
Second Street
Cheapside Park Short Street Main Street
Main Street
Main Street
Vine Street
Woodland Park
Two Keys Tavern
Rose Street
S Limestone
S Broadway
Tin Roof
E Hig
S Ashland Avenue
Rupp Arena
The Lex
The Two Loop with Nodes consists of two loops that concentrate at appointed areas near different entertainment opportunities around Downtown. At the nodes, people can switch lines.
Vine Street
h St
reet
Glen’s Creek Beer Exchange
The Beer Trappe Euclid Avenue
Bolivar
Country Boy Brewery
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
Tolley Ho
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
University of Kentucky
Charlie Browns
N
Two Loop Route with Nodes
The West 6th Brewery located on the very north of Jefferson Street is a major hub for locals and tourists to come try Lexington’s local beers. This stop is placed right at the intersection of Jefferson Street and 6th Street, therefore making traffic sometimes hard to navigate around the trolleys. As one walks to the stop, the West 6th building is presented with bricks and closed windows after passing the glassfront entry way.
West 6th Brewery
12’
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
8’
Stop Design Visualization Sixth Street and Jefferson Street
West 6th Brewery
12’
8’
West 6th Brewery Community Planters that are fun, easy, and cheap!!
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Stop Design Visualization Sixth Street and Jefferson Street
This stop creates a gateway to downtown from Limestone Avenue. The street opens towards downtown attractions and Centre Point. Where the stop is placed, it’s surrounded by taller masses of buildings but visually the user is able to access downtown from the stop.
Block High Lime
8’
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
12’
12’
10’
Stop Design Visualization South Limestone Avenue
Block High Lime
Raised Parking lot
8’ Sidewalk
12’ Drive
12’ Drive
10’ Sidewalk
Downtown District: zip ties These are fun and interactive. Great for any visitor downtown.
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Stop Design Visualization South Limestone Avenue
The stop is placed at the edge of a busy street that runs on the edge of the educational district and commercial. These two intersecting streets produce a high density traffic flow. The stop is located next to a small green space that accommodates Holmes Dormitory.
Holmes Hall Entry
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
10’
4’
12’
12’
6’
12’
Stop Design Visualization Avenue of Champions
Holmes Hall Entry
10’ Sidewalk
4’ Bicycle
12’ Parking
6’ Buffer
12’ Drive
Recycling glass bottles is a great way to be environmentally friendly and can be a great material for artwork.
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Stop Design Visualization Avenue of Champions
UK Campus
JIF Factory
Downtown Locations
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
West Sixth Brewery
Stop Design Visualization
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
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West Sixth Brewery Proposed Trolley Stop
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
West Sixth Brewery Proposed Trolley Stop
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
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Downtown/ Lexington Library Proposed Trolley Stop
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
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JIF Factory Proposed Trolley Stop
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Arcadium/North Limestone Donuts Proposed Trolley Stop
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Trolley Activity Alternatives
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Trolley Activity Alternatives
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Trolley Activity Alternatives
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Trolley Activity Alternatives
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Trolley Activity Alternatives
LexconNEXT: Phase 2
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Trolley Activity Alternatives
Mapping Alternative
evitanretlA gnippaM
Transit map routes must first be legible as well as easy to follow.The following pages will show mapping alternatives for easily displaying trolley and route information
“Design a way our brains work� right angle routes relational symbols
symbols
routes
linear routes
our cognitive map in our brain sees linearly and in right angles
landmarks
foreign literal symbols
maps distortion
schematic inaccurate maps LexconNEXT: Phase 3
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
station names
Mapping Alternative
Here are the existing trolley routes. Below is the current wayfinding signage for the trolley. It is hard to understand because the maps are reading at True North. Not very ideal for the out of town visitor.
Existing Map
LexconNEXT: Phase 3
A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington
Mapping Alternative
DE ROODE ST
BOLIVAR ST
CHAIR AVE
T TT S SCO
ROSE LN
PENNSYLVANIA CT COLUMBIA AVE
MCCAWS ALY T AND ASHL
RD
RD
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Mapping Alternative
LexConNext Conclusion and Next Steps LexConNext
What’s next?
This project revealed areas that are underserved and opportunities we can take advantage of to improve and create a successful public transit system. The yard stick to measure our success could come in multiple forms, in our personal opinion if we can use this grant to both raise awareness of underserved transit areas, and get the ball rolling for improving our in town connectivity we will consider that a win.
We have grand goals, to move forward with LexTran whom we could continue to work with in creating an investment opportunity package to attract new private investment into our public transportation system and to create a strong network of neighborhood level partners throughout town who understand the value of these systems and garner their support. Another form of victory would be implementation of one or more of these stop concepts which will go hand in hand with these partnerships, or working with LexTran to create a more comprehensive and legible transit map system that makes it easier for users to utilize.