LexconNEXT Trolley Study

LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

University of Kentucky

Department of Landscape Architecture J. Kaelin, C. Hunt, A. Sookying, M. Maloney

Students

Dr. R. Hargrove, N. Cranksahw

Academic Advisors

L. Johnson, G. VanMeter

Professional Advisors

Table of Contents 1. History

2. Outside Studies

3. Connectivity

4. Opportunity

5. The Trolley

6. Initial Design Stages

7. Route Alternatives

8. Stop Design Visualization

9. Trolley Activity Alternatives

10. Mapping Alternative

COLT Trolley Executive Summary LexConNext [We] have been working for the past 4 months on an idea that fits the mission “How can we, as ordinary citizens, transform our community?” Our project is all about transforming our community and does it through multiple ways: increasing connectivity, helping provide transportation to underserved areas of Lexington, creating a vibrant public transportation system attractive to residents and visitors alike, and rethinking how we think about transit, the destigmatization of transportation if you will, starts here.

The project, LexconNEXT focuses on exploring macro connectivity issues throughout Lexington and offers solutions and concepts for how to begin to reverse those trends through improvement of the Lexington Colt Trolley System including: new route concepts, addressing transportation legibility issues, creating a vibrant system of trolley stops in logical locations and ideas on how we can change the physical and social experience on the trolley to attract and retain both need based and choice riders.

One of the key components of our project is creating a vibrant trolley stop system throughout downtown Lexington.

These stops need not be expensive, but do need to be created in a way that they are instantly understood as related to transportation, include pertinent system information (maps time’s key attractions) and be attractive/unique. Similar to what Art Stop is doing, but throughout an entire system and in a cost cautious way. We will be supplementing a lack of funds with strong partnerships (already working with, LexTran, Bull Horn, the North Limestone Neighborhood Association, and the University of Kentucky among others) and BOLD creative solutions utilizing cost effective materials and volunteerism. We could use $500 to implement a trial stop design or use it as seed money to take to businesses and other organizations for fund matching to further explore these opportunities through planning and implementation processes.

Of note, LexconNEXT has been working for the past 4 months with University of Kentucky Landscape Architecture Students, North Limestone Businesses and LexTran creating an analysis and concept document to serve as the foundation for ongoing planning and implementation. We aren’t starting from scratch, we are already volunteering and working!

HISTORY YROTSIH

To begin researching the Trolley system, we began by studying the broad history of transportation throughout the U.S. to identify macro trends through time.

Tr a n s p o r t a t i o n H I S T O R Y

HORSE-DRAWN STREETCARS IN LEXINGTON

LEXINGTON WAS FOUNDED ELECTRIC STREETCARS STREENCARS INTRODUCED INTO LEXINGTON

OMNIBUS TRANSPORTATION IN LEXINGTON

1780

1790

1800

1810

1820

1830

DEVELOPMENT OF RAILROADS

1840

1850

1860

1870

1880

STEAMBOATS IN THE US FIRST STEAMBOASTS

Commerce Act Interstate Commerace 1887

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

19

FIRST SUBWAY OPENS IN BOSTON

THE USE OF ASPHALT BEGINGS BEGINS IN THE US

AMERICAN CIVIL WAR

LexconNEXT: Phase 1

1890

GREYHOUND BUS ACCESS IN LEXINGTON EXTENSION ROUTES TO GEORGETOWN, PARIS, VERSAILLES, AND NICHOLASVILLE

900

WW1 I

1910

AUTOMOBILES INFLUENCE SUBURBAN MIGRATION

1920

1930

1940

1950

COLT TROLLEY

1960

1970

1980

1990

LARGE AIR TRAVEL INCREASE

WW2 II

2000

2010 INDEPENDENT TRANSPORTATION

FORD PRODUCES MODEL-T T-MODEL

Federal Aid Highway Act 1956 Federal Road Act 1916

LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Urban Mass Transportation Act 1964

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act 1991

Transportation Equity Act 1998

2020

OUTSIDE STUDIES SEIDUTS EDISTUO

By analyzing parallel efforts in other cities, both peer cities and those of larger populations it is possible to benchmark characteristics of public trolley systems and understand where the Colt Trolley sits in comparison.

Lexington, KY

Scottsdale, AZ

Cleveland, OH

Louisville, KY

Greenville, SC

Charlestown, SC

LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Case St u d y

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E IM T AL O E R INF

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AL U N AN STS CO

$396,736

$3,000,000

$1,101,000

$1,000,000

Not Avaliable

$1,435,327

= 25,000

LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

m a t r i x

CONNECTIVITY YTIVITCENNOC

By analyzing current bus and bike infrastructure it becomes possible to identify areas within the Downtown Lexington study area that are undeserved by one system or both. By identifying these areas, it becomes possible to focus on expansion and improvement in the areas most in need.

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LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

SCALE: 1” = 2,220’

Existing Roads Suitable for Cycling

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A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

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LexconNEXT: Phase 1

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Existing Bus Routes

underserved area by trolley part-time underserved area

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A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

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LexconNEXT: Phase 1

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Areas Underserved by Bus Stops

underserved area by trolley part-time underserved area

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A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

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SCALE: 1� = 2,220’

Areas Underserved by both Cycling and Bus Stops

OPPORTUNITY YTINUTROPPO

The next phase of analysis was to identify Opportunity Districts. These districts are comprised of land uses most suitable/desirable for public transportation systems. These districts include, multi-family, higher density housing, major work force centers, and entertainment nodes.

Chevy Chase

Thoroughbred Park

Lexington, KY is home to many popular and historic areas that attract people throughout the year. Parks, historic neighborhoods, universities, and bars are all considered cultural districts in this map.

It is important for the trolley and other public transit to have routes and stops that take places like these into account.

Cheapside

LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Cultural Districts

RD

CASTLEWOOD PARK

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COOLIVAN PARK

DUNCAN PARK

BLUEGRASS COMMUNITY & TECHNICAL COLLEGE

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NE

N BROADWAY

WHITAKER BANK BALL PARK

NOLI

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TRANSYLVANIA UNIVERSITY JEFFERSON STREET

W MAIN ST RUPP ARENA

WN RD

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DISTILLERY DISTRICT

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2 mile radius

DOWNTOWN LEXINGTON

E MAIN ST WOODLAND PARK

SOUTH LIMESTONE CHEVY CHASE

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UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY

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RED MILE RACE TRACK

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TOLLY HO

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EUCLID AVE

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LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

SCALE: 1” = 2,220’

Cultural Districts

Holmes Hall

E. High Street Apartments

Aylesford Place Duplex’s

There are numerous high density housing types located within a two mile radius of downtown Lexington.

The housing types represented in this map are: multi-family housing, mixed-use, town homes, hotels, and duplex’s. High Density housing types were studied to help determine where larger quantities of people live and would help determine where trolley routes and stops should be placed.

Park Place Apartments

LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

High Density Housing

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2 mile radius

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LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

SCALE: 1” = 2,220’

High Density Housing

The business districts outlined represent a wide variety of business types, including:

Light and Heavy Industrial Neighborhood Business Highway Business Mixed-Use Wholesale and Warehouse Planned Shopping Centers Professional Offices Downtown Business.

Major work force districts play a major role in public transportation ridership as Lexingtonians travel to and from work.

LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Business Districts

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2 mile radius

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LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

SCALE: 1” = 2,220’

Business Districts

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NE

BULLHORN

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WEST 6THAL’S BAR BCTC

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GREY GOOSE

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DOWNTOWN

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SOUTH LIMESTONE

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RD

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RED MILE

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CHEVY CHASE

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TOLLY HO & COUNTRY BOY

EUCLID AVE

The major opportunity nodes represented by a yellow overlay are areas with high activity.

Three maps, business districts, high density housing, and cultural districts were overlaid to determine these areas and will be ideal locations for trolley stops.

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LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

SCALE: 1” = 2,220’

Major Opportunity Nodes

underserved area by trolley part-time underserved area underserved area by cyclists half-mile walking radius

BULLHORN

cultural districts

LuigART

WEST 6THAL’S BAR BCTC

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AV E

.

TRANSY

MI

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GREY GOOSE DOWNTOWN

SOUTH LIMESTONE CHEVY CHASE TOLLY HO & COUNTRY BOY

RED MILE

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LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

SCALE: 1” = 2,220’

Opportunity Overlay Areas Underserved

by Bus Stops

TROLLEY YELLORT

The next phase of the project is to study the current conditions of the existing trolley routes including, trolleys, route systems, and physical stops.

1

2 3

6 Ride experience captured Ride experience captured through a through a chronologicaltimeline timelinetotoexpress expressthe thenoticable noticable chronological elements featured featured within within the the interior interior of the trolley. elements the trolley.

LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

5

4

Interior Conditions

Capturing Ride Experience

1

1.

6th st.

3. Non-existant 4.

2rd st.

todd st.

short st. e. main st.

4

8

5 7

6

2. rose st.

vine st. high st.

maxwell st.

s ashland ave.

3

woodland ave.

3rd st.

north limestone st.

jefferson st.

2 4th st.

north upper st.

5th st.

avenue of champions

5.

6.

LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

7.

8.

Stops Condition

The Blue Line sprawls throughout downtown Downtown from from 6th 6th Street, Street, all all the way down to South Ashland the way down to South Ashland Avenue. In Incontrast contrastto tothe theGreen Green Line, the Blue Line Runs Along runs along a locations aneast/west east/westaxis. axis.The The locations of each stop further away from downtown Downtown seems seems abnormally abnormally close to run-down businesses and underutilized businesses very low density density areas. area. The and low The primary users are bar goers that utilize the trolley on weekends.

LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Blue Line Stops

5th st.

north upper st.

6th st.

3.

7.

north limestone st.

1.

4th st.

4.

6.

7 3rd st.

2rd st.

6 5

short st. e. main st.

4

2.

vine st.

high st.

5.

3 maxwell st.

2 avenue of champions

1

1

LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Stops Condition

The Green Line travels along Euclid Avenue on the University of Kentucky’s campus and goes up to as far as 4th Street. Most of the stops are located along North/ South Upper Street and North/ South Limestone cutting directly through downtown. The stops along this route are generally in dense areas. The primary users of this route are downtown workers and students wanting to travel to and back from downtown.

LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Green Line Stops

I’m separated from my better half...

I’m so lonely here...

Where am I??!?

What time does the bus get here?

LexconNEXT: Phase 1

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Stop Typology

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Initial Design Stages

segatS ngiseD laitinI

Phase Two of LexConNEXT Phase Two focuses on exploring alternate routes and potential improvements to trolleys and route stops. The scale of the work ranges from macro, city mapping to micro, stop concepts.

The initial design phases began with an array of concepts showing different routes. The routes differed in scale, length, and nodes. After narrowing down the concepts to three different routes, each with its own unique theme, a large scale map was digitalized with route information containing length of route, number of stops, activity nodes touched, approximately number of buses required on each route. These are route alternatives that maximize the potential use of the trolley by allowing popular areas to be included on the trolley route and minimize stop overlap.

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Existing Trolley Routes

This graphic displays the density at which trolley stops overlap within a 1/4 mile of each other. The darkest, more vibrant colors are where multiple stops overlap each other and the more transparent color displays stops with minimal overlap.

low level of stop overlap

high level of stop overlap

low level of stop overlap

high level of stop overlap

Combined with the opportunity overlay we begin to see that there are too many stops in the undersirable places or areas of low density and low opportunity.

It also may be important to consider the spacing of stops, such that less stops means more consistent, quicker travel by trolleys. Allowing stop locations to be determined by a walking radius will aide in limiting route redundancy.

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Stop Walkability Analysis

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Route Design Process

Critical Mass Route

length of route

existing routes

blue route

red route

green route

number of stops

activity nodes

buses needed

ssaM etuoR lacitirC

blue route.....6 miles

critical mass

red route.....4.0 miles

two loop with circulator

two loop with nodes

green route.....2 miles

blue route.....4.3 miles

blue route.....2.4 miles

blue route.....4.7 miles

total.....8 miles

green route.....3.1 miles

green route.....2.2 miles

total.....11.4 miles

total.....7.9 miles

total.....9.3 miles

blue route.....28

red route.....10

red route.....08

red route.....11

green route.....19

blue route.....10

blue route.....08

blue route.....09

green route.....07

green route.....06

blue route.....Jefferson/Chevy Chase/Downtown

red route.....NoLi/Jefferson/Downtown

red route.....NoLi/Jefferson/Downtown

red route.....NoLi/Jefferson/Downtown/South Limestone

green route.....South Limestone/Downtown

blue route.....Chevy Chase/Downtown

blue route.....Chevy Chase/Downtown/South Limestone

blue route.....Chevy Chase/Downtown

green route.....South Limestone/Downtown

green route.....South Limestone/Downtown

blue route.....02

red route.....02

red route.....02

red route.....02

green route.....02

blue route.....02

blue route.....01

blue route.....02

green route.....01

green route.....01

red route.....3.3 miles

red route.....4.6 miles

0

650

1,300

2,600

Feet 5,200

3,900

Castle Park

Bullhorn Creative

Loudon

critical mass

LuigART

Willie’s Locally Known N Broadway

red route.....4.0 miles

West Sixth Brewery

blue route.....4.3 miles green route.....3.1 miles total.....11.4 miles

Arcadium W Sixth Street

red route.....10 N Limestone

Jefferson Street

Coolivan Park

blue route.....10

Duncan Park

green route.....07

red route.....NoLi/Jefferson/Downtown blue route.....Chevy Chase/Downtown

Green Lantern

green route.....South Limestone/Downtown Third Street

Gratz Park

The Grey Goose

red route.....02 blue route.....02

Second Street

green route.....01

Cheapside Park Short Street Main Street

Main Street

Main Street

Vine Street

Woodland Park

Two Keys Tavern

Rose Street

S Limestone

S Broadway

Tin Roof

E Hig

S Ashland Avenue

Rupp Arena

The Lex

The Critical Mass route brings the trolley system into the interior of downtown. Here, the three routes are concentrated along Main Street allowing people outside of Downtown to come in and enjoy the entertainment district Downtown.

Vine Street

h St

reet

Glen’s Creek Beer Exchange

The Beer Trappe Euclid Avenue

Bolivar

Country Boy Brewery

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

Tolley Ho

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

University of Kentucky

Charlie Browns

N

Critical Mass Route

0

650

1,300

2,600

Feet 5,200

3,900

Castle Park

Bullhorn Creative

Loudon

LuigART

Willie’s Locally Known

two loop with circulator

N Broadway

red route.....3.3 miles

West Sixth Brewery

blue route.....2.4 miles green route.....2.2 miles

Arcadium

total.....7.9 miles

W Sixth Street

N Limestone

Jefferson Street

Coolivan Park

red route.....08

Duncan Park

blue route.....08 green route.....06

red route.....NoLi/Jefferson/Downtown blue route.....Chevy Chase/ Downtown/South Limestone

Green Lantern Third Street

Gratz Park

The Grey Goose

green route.....South Limestone/Downtown red route.....02

Second Street

blue route.....01

Cheapside Park

green route.....01

Short Street Main Street

Main Street

Main Street

Vine Street

Woodland Park

Two Keys Tavern

Rose Street

S Limestone

S Broadway

Tin Roof

E Hig

S Ashland Avenue

Rupp Arena

The Lex

The Two Loop with Circulator route consists of tow larger loops connecting the urban landscape and includes a smaller loop on the interior of Downtown, connecting all three routes.

Vine Street

h St

reet

Glen’s Creek Beer Exchange

The Beer Trappe Euclid Avenue

Bolivar

Country Boy Brewery

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

Tolley Ho

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

University of Kentucky

Charlie Browns

N

Two Loop with N-S Circulator

0

650

1,300

2,600

Feet 5,200

3,900

Castle Park

Bullhorn Creative

Loudon

two loop with nodes

LuigART

Willie’s Locally Known N Broadway

red route.....4.6 miles

West Sixth Brewery

blue route.....4.7 miles total.....9.3 miles

Arcadium W Sixth Street

red route.....11 N Limestone

Jefferson Street

Coolivan Park

blue route.....09

Duncan Park

red route.....NoLi/Jefferson/ Downtown/South Limestone blue route.....Chevy Chase/Downtown

Green Lantern Third Street

Gratz Park

The Grey Goose

red route.....02 blue route.....02

Second Street

Cheapside Park Short Street Main Street

Main Street

Main Street

Vine Street

Woodland Park

Two Keys Tavern

Rose Street

S Limestone

S Broadway

Tin Roof

E Hig

S Ashland Avenue

Rupp Arena

The Lex

The Two Loop with Nodes consists of two loops that concentrate at appointed areas near different entertainment opportunities around Downtown. At the nodes, people can switch lines.

Vine Street

h St

reet

Glen’s Creek Beer Exchange

The Beer Trappe Euclid Avenue

Bolivar

Country Boy Brewery

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

Tolley Ho

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

University of Kentucky

Charlie Browns

N

Two Loop Route with Nodes

The West 6th Brewery located on the very north of Jefferson Street is a major hub for locals and tourists to come try Lexington’s local beers. This stop is placed right at the intersection of Jefferson Street and 6th Street, therefore making traffic sometimes hard to navigate around the trolleys. As one walks to the stop, the West 6th building is presented with bricks and closed windows after passing the glassfront entry way.

West 6th Brewery

12’

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

8’

Stop Design Visualization Sixth Street and Jefferson Street

West 6th Brewery

12’

8’

West 6th Brewery Community Planters that are fun, easy, and cheap!!

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Stop Design Visualization Sixth Street and Jefferson Street

This stop creates a gateway to downtown from Limestone Avenue. The street opens towards downtown attractions and Centre Point. Where the stop is placed, it’s surrounded by taller masses of buildings but visually the user is able to access downtown from the stop.

Block High Lime

8’

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

12’

12’

10’

Stop Design Visualization South Limestone Avenue

Block High Lime

Raised Parking lot

8’ Sidewalk

12’ Drive

12’ Drive

10’ Sidewalk

Downtown District: zip ties These are fun and interactive. Great for any visitor downtown.

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Stop Design Visualization South Limestone Avenue

The stop is placed at the edge of a busy street that runs on the edge of the educational district and commercial. These two intersecting streets produce a high density traffic flow. The stop is located next to a small green space that accommodates Holmes Dormitory.

Holmes Hall Entry

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

10’

4’

12’

12’

6’

12’

Stop Design Visualization Avenue of Champions

Holmes Hall Entry

10’ Sidewalk

4’ Bicycle

12’ Parking

6’ Buffer

12’ Drive

Recycling glass bottles is a great way to be environmentally friendly and can be a great material for artwork.

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Stop Design Visualization Avenue of Champions

UK Campus

JIF Factory

Downtown Locations

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

West Sixth Brewery

Stop Design Visualization

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

West Sixth Brewery Proposed Trolley Stop

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

West Sixth Brewery Proposed Trolley Stop

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Downtown/ Lexington Library Proposed Trolley Stop

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

JIF Factory Proposed Trolley Stop

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Arcadium/North Limestone Donuts Proposed Trolley Stop

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Trolley Activity Alternatives

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Trolley Activity Alternatives

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Trolley Activity Alternatives

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Trolley Activity Alternatives

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Trolley Activity Alternatives

LexconNEXT: Phase 2

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Trolley Activity Alternatives

Mapping Alternative

evitanretlA gnippaM

Transit map routes must first be legible as well as easy to follow.The following pages will show mapping alternatives for easily displaying trolley and route information

“Design a way our brains work� right angle routes relational symbols

symbols

routes

linear routes

our cognitive map in our brain sees linearly and in right angles

landmarks

foreign literal symbols

maps distortion

schematic inaccurate maps LexconNEXT: Phase 3

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

station names

Mapping Alternative

Here are the existing trolley routes. Below is the current wayfinding signage for the trolley. It is hard to understand because the maps are reading at True North.

Not very ideal for the out of town visitor.

Existing Map

LexconNEXT: Phase 3

A Vision for the Future of Connectivity in Lexington

Mapping Alternative

DE ROODE ST

BOLIVAR ST

CHAIR AVE

T TT S SCO

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Mapping Alternative

LexConNext Conclusion and Next Steps LexConNext

What’s next?

This project revealed areas that are underserved and opportunities we can take advantage of to improve and create a successful public transit system. The yard stick to measure our success could come in multiple forms, in our personal opinion if we can use this grant to both raise awareness of underserved transit areas, and get the ball rolling for improving our in town connectivity we will consider that a win.

We have grand goals, to move forward with LexTran whom we could continue to work with in creating an investment opportunity package to attract new private investment into our public transportation system and to create a strong network of neighborhood level partners throughout town who understand the value of these systems and garner their support. Another form of victory would be implementation of one or more of these stop concepts which will go hand in hand with these partnerships, or working with LexTran to create a more comprehensive and legible transit map system that makes it easier for users to utilize.