studio air yifan tao 2017
part b CRITERIA DESIGN Geometry: Before the computational design start, geometry bargains with geometry relied on mathematical principles. In 300BC The Greek mathematician Euclid write down the relates to geometry. for example, builders use hidden code golden ratio to build pyramids in EGYPT.1 1 https://www.thoughtco.com/geometry-and-architecture-178081
From ancient to the modern world, Geometry was one process of the architecture design, from the initial form –finding to the final constructing it always exist. it is seen as a structural science and formation concept.
part b .1
research field Conceptual design implications: Geometry was the core of architecture design. The implications of geometry in design was represent in various ways. The first implication is about the structural, geometry was used as the structural itself. For example, BUCKMINSTER FULLER-MONTREAL BIOSPHERE has an icosahedron form but it assembled by small triangular steel structural which cover the whole surface, those steel joint was the composition of the building. It supports the stability and load berry the force. The second one is its use in the overall form. the organic and free form geometry could be seen from outside. For instance, toy Ito ‘s Taichung Metropolitan Opera House. It is a whole continuity geometry, and inside that it was divided by 3 levels and transform passages. In this case, geometry is the building itself (including structural, pattern, internal spsace)
Opportunities: In early times, the geometry design was effect by mathematical ideas. With the development of parametric design tools, the limitation of mathematical operations is minimizing. We were able to directly perceived how the geometry transfer through the change of parameter and algorithm. Thus, the complexity and potential of geometry is expending. During the last decades an increase number of organic geometry architectures have produced.
http://www.spatialagency.net/database/how/appropriation/buckminster.fuller https://simon.butcher.name/archives/2011/10/28/ Montreal
http://aasarchitecture.com/2014/08/taichung-metropolitan-opera-house-toyo-ito.html https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=v0xuL0ci&id=DB86CFF00240C9C35653F22706D0C671F024B7AD&q=(geodesic)+buckminster+fuller+-+montreal+biosphere&simid=608032950931229863&selectedIndex=0&ajaxhist=0
Fabrication concerns: For small project, fabrication include the idea of using 3d printing to shape the free-form object. Also have the idea of change 2-d to 3-d geometry. Using laser cut, to produce 2d strips and assemble those individual elements through several joints to produce the geometry. e.g. the grid shell For actual construct buildings, the fabrication of geometry is an economical way. As it decreases the amount of material waste, design process breaks the project into small pieces and prefabricate in manufactory. Overall, the fabrication complexity depends on the number of pin &joints, free form curves, polyhedral surfaces and the Boolean operation.
http://matsysdesign.com/category/ projects/sg2012-gridshell/
https://www.thoughtco.com/geometry-and-architecture-178081 https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=VN1HXBE5&id=3AE252DC6F3DC2F24E0763CC3EA1210AB7487BBA&q=(geodesic)+buckminster+fuller+-+montreal+biosphere&simid=608028110507675638&selectedIndex=9&ajaxhist=0
https://www.thoughtco.com/geometry-and-architecture-178081
https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=cVcR37Yd&id=14E6DDBDB020C127BE08DEF5CA5E00B822A0093F&q=(geodesic)+buckminster+fuller+-+montreal+biosphere&simid=608053154458308226&selectedIndex=50&ajaxhist=0
https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=VN1HXBE5&id=3AE252DC6F3DC2F24E0763CC3EA1210AB7487BBA&q=(geodesic)+buckminster+fuller+-+montreal+biosphere&simid=608028110507675638&selectedIndex=9&ajaxhist=0
https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=MSOvbX3u&id=1644C4DE9A41B1FAA2495FD02D5102A98A4FF3A3&q=Toyo+Ito+Taichung+Metropolitan+Opera+House&simid=608029278742118443&selectedIndex=12&ajaxhist=0
part b .2 CASE STUDY 1.0 http://www.archdaily.com/10233/green-void-lava
Reason to choose the Green Void: The first point that attract me was its abstract form which stretched to the extreme. This design helps to soft those lifeless linear lines. For personally, I prefer the irregularity, distorted, stretching feeling. Another important point, is this form was derived from nature, like the spider web, leaf lines. It looks like a growing plant. It mimics the nature thus as ton remind people of nature.
http://www.archello.com/en/project/green-void
LAVA – green void green void was designed by LAVA sits in the central atrium of Customs House in Sydney, Australian. This project was inspired from the geometry of nature which has 20m height and occupied 5 levels. Green void is a digital design using Latest fabrication techniques to realized the light weight fabric. Green Void, based on minimal surface tension, consists of a tensioned Lycra material, digitally patterned and custom-tailored for the space. The LAVA group want to achieve the idea that could create more space and using minimum material. Finally, this project only using 300 square meters’ fabric weight 40 kilograms and filling 3000 cubic meters. The geometry and structure involving the system of snowflakes, spider webs and soap bubbles. It based on minimal surface tension, freely stretching between wall and ceiling and floor. The process of optimized minimal surface design and CNC fabrication technology allows the sculpture to reveal a new dimension in sustainable design practice. And makes the geometry beauty and elegant. https://www.dezeen.com/2008/12/16/green-void-by-lava/ http://www.archello.com/en/project/green-void
The second interesting point was this tensile surface. This digital design using the plug-in kangaroo allow me to explore how the surface will transform when the another point move. The third point that impress me was its iteration with the building. For further design development, the architecture was going to saturated, and those kind of internal design project will be the trend for future. It will benefit my road to the architecture. In this project, the LAVA group use the latest digital fabrication, then I was able to have an insight view of the latest techniques. It is well known that those kind of organic form was quite hard to manufactured. Though the study, I will generally understand how its surface was broken down into different parts, and connect each unrolled surfaces. I can draw on those part of method and apply it to prototype design in the next step. This design intent was what I appreciate. With the smallest surface material combined into a large space as much as possible. And the final result of this design is not only complete this idea but also achieve its pleasing overlook.
https://www.l-a-v-a.net/
https://www.dezeen. com/2008/12/16/greenvoid-by-lava/
part b .2 CASE STUDY 1.0 Analysis In this project two alternative chosen definition was given in the sample, both definitions result the same outcome. By analysis that, both way using the spring and kangaroo component to force the tensile surface. Extending already existing definition I explore those design potentials.
3. From surface to surface. The input mesh was driven from several curves. so I thought this series of definition lack the flexibility. When doing my own test, I trying to move one anchor from the circle edge but the surface turn to irregular. Then I change the side the size of those curves and turn circle to square. Thus those point become more controllable. I extract the point on four corner of the square and create the relaxation.
2.i got the pattern of the geometry by using quite simple definition, only using those component from the weaverbird plug in. Set the geometry I bake from sample as my base mesh then to pace new faces from the middle of each original face edges. In this way, I test different face types like inner polygons, triangles, midedge subdivision. But I find out those pattern all looks similar because of the feature of my base mesh. Then, I add a pyramid on each face as if this body covered with thorns.
1.From structure to brep, the first method was using the exoskeleton to thick the wireframe. Using the mesh as a base, and get all edges from the brep. Set those end point of the mesh as my anchor points and using the mesh itself as my force object. This species was a more basic transform of the initial definition, I mimic the method and add some extra curve input (add several branches). Twist the angle and connect to the given chunk of kangaroo.
4. From fluid structure to surface. I extending the existing definition that using exoskeleton to build the surface. In order to get a more complex structure. I populate a 3 dimensional BOX with points and then connect voronoi diagram for those collection. Then extract those edge, that are the base of t my structure line. And again report those data to the exoskeleton to get my mesh.
5. From structure to surface web This geometry was similar to the upper step. But after I click the true button of my kangaroo force, my geometry falling down time by time and this part spend lots of time to find the logic behind that. Finally, I work out that when my line in the box was connected together (even they are all explode lines), the commend can’t recognize. When the component can’t extract the end point, my geometry will be falling down. The only way is to deselect those connect lines (thus I delete those line in the top and bottom of the voronoi box)
Each one of those another points was controlled by a slider of xyz coordinator which mean the points are all controlled by hand. If increase the number too high, the anchor point will be too far away from the original geometry that looks distinguish from the starting projects. In another way if the anchor point was too close it will shrinkage and structure being uncompleted. The beauty of a tension surface. And for personal aesthetic, when move point in this direction, was able to show the beauty of the Structure. When it comes to design application, it reminds me of the structure. as the membrane was form by some forces. some anchor point helps to support the structure. In my design, I could analysis the relationship of the force and structure. Structure(fluid) Reason to choose the outcome: In this case, it contains some structure line but all connect to each other. It is a good Geometry that load berry and equalization the force. Consider to apply this project in my design as the structures, how to transfer the load through a connected structure. The fluid, abstract form reminds me of the shadow and light, the pattern of shadow will change when the light exposure angle changes. In this iteration, there are several organic hole and will create dramatic shadow effect. I will take this kind of iteration with light in my design.
Final summery, the selection criteria were analysis and dialectical by people. And to determine its design potential. Simply use parameter to control the countless iterations will lose its meaning.
The branch has various direction and those start point on the chunk was in different height. this is a Manuel work to add those branch one by one. when I change the length of spring the force of relaxation will, the whole geometry shrink or too fat until I find an appropriate value that have enough force but also keep the form.
By controlling the distance of each stellate, the thrones will keep growing until it lost its identity. I select the integration in the middle of the growing trend. Pattern usually as multi-application in architecture. It has the ability to carry the form and increase the user experience. In the grasshopper definition we were able to manipulate the variations and endless.
part b .3 CASE STUDY 2.0
https://archpaper.com/2016/10/toyo-ito-metropolitan-opera-house-taichung/#gallery-0-slide-0
http://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/taichung-metropolitan-opera-house
Introduction of the project Taichung Metropolitan Opera House was designed by architect Toyo Ito. It is sit within a dense urban high-rise development and was used as a landmark and art opera house. This design is notable for its cavernous, curved and folded forms, which have some open structure engage its surrounding in all directions. Those areas called sound space. Sound space was a continuous network.
Me choose reason People was impressed by its exterior dramatic form. unlike other architect it has curved soft lines. the whole structure consists of 50 curved walls. The organic form make the building looks whole and continuous. Some sound space is not enclosing by glass wall, the interior and exterior are connected. Those open space in their dimension connect the workshop, restaurant, foyers and outside. For the interior, the continues wall separate different chamber, but each space is interactive to each other.
Design intent This design includes the concept of sustainability shown in their areas. The first is its reuse of rainwater water, which collected from roof for landscape use. Also grey water was use in toilets Second the whole building was designed in recyclable materials, like the steel and concrete. those material could be recyclable when reconstruction. The third was the energy efficient sustainable approach, like innovative shading technique. and the landscape was able to evaporating water surrounding the building.
REVERSE-ENGINEERING
Single geomertry Smooth the boundry of polygon. Move and scale the boundry then loose loft to got the basic surface.
Extract geometry to loft I Trace the plan the opera house to got those irregular geometry. Tag those shape, and choose those shape I need to graft the basic geometry .
Loft the rest geometry in a reverse direction .
Using random point point to help me judge the heometry in deside or outside the bountry and then dispatch the two geomwtry . Join all geometry inside de rectangular , and we got the whole geom of one level .
Loft the geometry i selected in a positive direction .
Join level Then I join and fiill the gap between those geometry , (object a rectangular boundry on the brep) split the surface outside the rectangular boundary and hollow out those boundry of polygon.
Mirror this whole level, and I could got the final model .
POLYGON CURVE CURVE
LENGTH
SERIES
INTIGER
TAG
1.TRACE FLOOR PLAN AND TAG EACH CHAMBER Trace the floor plan of Taichung Metropolitan Opera House by create some hexagon pattern of different chamber. in order to achieve those hexagon, I will loft in positive height later, I measure the circumstance to determine. organise those data in a series list of number and text tag the hexagonal.
3.loft basic geometry In order to create a smooth surface of the basic geometry, a NUREBS CURVE component was using to generate a smooth curve. The whole surface is loft through there curves. the first was the Nurbes Curve of the hexagon, the second was a smaller scaled curve and I move it upward as my third curve. GRAFT tree component was using to organize the data of three curves and finally change the loft options to loose to achieve a grease polysurface.
POLYGON CURVE CULL INDEX
SELECTED INTIGER NUMBER OF PATTERN
CURVE
DIVIDE
NURB CURVE
SCALE
MOVE GRAFT
LOFT
GRAFT
LOFT
POLYGON CURVE LIST ITEM
CURVE
DIVIDE
NURB CURVE
SCALE
MOVE
CURVE SURFACE SPLIT POLYGON CURVE
BREP EDGE
LENGTH
MASS ADDITION
SORT LIST
LIST ITEM
SURFACE
PROJECT
CURVE RECTANGLE BOUNDRY
2.The next step is to writing the integer I need to loft in positive direction. And using the cull index component to collect the rest index.
4. Hollow out the plan surface (Fill the gap of two geometry) I choose the Nurbes curve of loft geometry in positive direction and in negative direction. Using the plan surface as the rectangular boundary and split the surfaces with a bunch of curves I choose before. In order to hollow out the plane surface, I measure the length of each curve to perform mass addition of a list of items. Using sort lists to arrange data. Change the output item of ITEN LIST to define those vales of trimmed surface.
5. 5. Split the geometry and dispatch then The next step is to cut out the geometry outside the rectangular boundary. I project the rectangular curve on the Brep then I was able to cut it through the line on the geometry. Now the polysurface is split but it is difficult for me to extract the part I want. In this way, I us POLULATE GEOMETRY to put several points on the geometry. I could test those points for the closed rectangular curve containments and those pints was able help me determine.
http://aasarchitecture.com/2014/08/taichung-metropolitan-opera-house-toyo-ito.html/taichung-metropolitan-opera-house-by-toyo-ito-14
SURFACE JOIN
BREP
MIRROR
CONSTRUCT POINT
XY PLANE
SURFACE SURFACE SPLIC
DISPATCH SURFACE
RECTANGLE BOUNDRY
RECTANGLE BOUNDRY
6. join and mirror After that I dispatch the items(surfaces) in a list into two target lists and can choose the surface I want. Join the positive loft surface , negative surface and gap area. In the final step, I construct a point in z coordinates to limit the height and built a world XY pane on that height. And I mirror the whole geometry, then copy and move it again to achieve that. Add the thickness and baking geometry .
similaries AND difference The geometry was similar. I analysis the geometry at beginning, it was based on basic geometry. Also some digital design techniques were similar like the mirror and the process to cull the selected index was frequently used in a big project. The difference was obviously as well. I trace the floor plan of this design as my first step, and this plan was organised through this logic. This logic was the outcome of a consisting design analysis. There must be some different detail from the hexagonal I got. In this project each level was similar but in actually some curve and space was twisted and rebuilt in order to fit the actual situation. In the roof, a cubic object was extruding outside, that is the space of artiest canter. The external façade was different as well, glass window and pattern wall was arranged one by one to give people a version impact and those circle hole pattern in the wall was based on the analysis of light and acoustic. Some structural element was expose to outside. The internal structure was optimized for the function purpose. In general, it is an elegant built involving the design intent of sustainability. So many details of this project was built to achieve this index. The digital tool was able to engineer a similar geometry but it can’t replace the human research and the experience of designer. I was in personal highly appreciate its geometry. If I was able to take the definition next without the unconstrained, I would take off this rectangular cubic boundary allow some boundary wall growth to make the design more organic.
part b .04 TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT
part b .04 TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT
In this iteration, I change the scale of the curve from a positive and negative direction, and extrude the length, I found this circular core, it used as load berry element. It could be the structural element of my own design exploration
In this one, I was considering about the fabrication aspect. I try to separate my geometry into small pieces, so do not change the overall shape too much. In the progress, I use the panelling tools to test apply pattern of square, rectangular, rhombus... And finally I find triangular was a firmer and impervious structural. It could be use in design prototype in the next step.
In this species, I was trying to pull and drag my geometry in various directing, as the geometry of opera house was a commercial building. in this way, I am going to test my design potential how my geometry could be reform and then be used in a smaller project.
part b .05 technique: proyotypes Material test For the material I test the durability of bending the material into different degree of curvature. And study the irreversible impact on material. Through my analysis, the resistance degree of cardboard was quite low, it will leave some obviously creases after bending. Relatively, the plaster paper was quite durable. It will return back to its original shape even after bent in to a high degree.
transparent plaster paper 0.3mm box board 1.0 mm transparent dull polish plaster paper 0.3mm white cardboard 1.0mm soft foam board
3.0 mm
part b .05 technique: proyotypes Fabrication: The organic shape was usually hard to fabricate, the most common to fabric curve surface is to separate it in to small pattern and use pin to connect each part, the second way was to split the surface into a specific part, unroll the shape and bend the shape into 3d dimension and join them.
For this one, I using the panelling tool, panel the small triangle pattern shape in to a whole curved surface, the shape of triangle was change according to the surface point I put in. When connect each pattern unit, it will become a curved surface. In the process, I Laser curt each pattern also cut a small hole at the corner of each triangle, leave it for the pin to connect each unit. Then use pins to join Although I only test a small part of the surface, but using this method it was able to form a quite organic geometry or even to build an organic structure
part b .05 technique: proyotypes I fabricate each individual component in individually and join each part. the geometry was several connecting polyhedral, I split the surface of each polyhedral, unroll those surface, also cut some symmetry holes in the edge of each shape in order to connect each part. Also using sawtooth line in the boundary of the interaction, let each part match closely (but in actual my sawtooth in a smaller scale that not work well.) Then using laser cut to cut those shape and the holes. the next step was roll and unit the three corner component. Roll each part into a polyhedral, the next step was using needle work to join each geometry.
BIODIVERSITY
part b .06 technique: proposal
Our site was just beside the merry creek; this is a waterway in south part of Victoria. In this area the wind comes from south west to north east. This river side cannot get enough sun sight as it sits in a lower position of a 45-degree slope. This area was also under the shadows of high trees beside. The circulation was weak, there are only several corridors comes from the studio or from the main road in the higher position. Because of the geographical, this are having a variety of livings. some small animals, like snacks, birds, fish, insects can be found. This river and wetlands was the home of millions species. Prior to my design, I thought we need to better manage our actions and reduce those negative impact on the nature environment. In my design. I want to find a balance between the nature and human.
Design proposal: One word of my concept was “growing “. A growing architecture was a very board meaning. In the first part, it implicating the meaning of multifunction. As my pavilion was including some small components. That it could be break or add some new components. As my site in external was just beside the river. It has filled soil which is flexible, when the geographical change by time, it could optimize this shape to fit. Also when the user change, or holding some major activities, the shape of the design could be change for the purpose of user. In another side, the growing includes the meaning of greenery. I believe it could hide in those plants and growing together with them. There are so many holes in my roof. Some trees will grow inside those holes. The trees will not be cut, it minimal the effect of the local environment.
Shape: I got the inspiration from the site, the merry creek has a curve river bed across this site. My design also has some curve in response to the site. My design has some soft surface extrude form top, it represents the meaning of grow, and those surface extrude in opposite direction will extend to ground be the load berry structure. Material: I choose aluminium for design material. The quality allows my design to hide inside those growing plants, the shadow of trees and plants will reflect on the roof of and column of my design. The site has a 45-degree slope, so visitor will not see the pavilion from the top, as it merges in the small forest. Also when those visitors walk down of the river side, the reflecting of river could be seen in the pavilion roof as well. Like a mirror reflect the beauty of nature, and guide people to explore the beauty of nature. Also, m material was act in corporate with the gallery room in Bigbang studio, the huge sphere mirror light changes the light and shadow of the room. Both have the same texture, people will easily remind of each other. The third point was- aluminium is a light weight material which is portable, and could keep my design intent. The pavilion was able to grow for different purpose. The circulation was poor in this area; most visitor was come from the exhibition events of the Big bang gallery. I design two corridors at the two side of my design. My pavilion also has an open structure, in this way those tourists could enjoy the beauty of the river and greenery. Critical of my own design; I was confused about my design concept at beginning. As I have so many topics and I was interest in all of them and have no idea which I was going to add in my design. However, those words of the guest tutor guide me a clear way of how I decide my concept. That is not including some big words like organic, sustainability, curly, grease, aging, growing in my design, they are all different issues. I have to choose one issued that could be the initial intent of my design. In order to achieve that concept, I was able to reverse engineer my shape, that other factors might affect my design in some ways, but will not be shape my design. Also the system of the site could be one reason to consider, but the same it not decides the form of your design. Our design concept could be quite small but was the most important and will be consist. It works like a like a link help us the connect each part during the design process.
part b .07 learning objectives and outcome
From the start of the documents, those research of geometry improve my understanding of the geometry. the definition of geometry creates together with architecture. it allows me to explore the relationship between the form, structure of geometry. like in some cases the geometry was one part of the structure and in another the geometry could be the form. From the history, the geometry was based on mathematical account, which remind me to the modern organic geometry we design, it is also the outcome of computational accounting. The research allows me to give an insight into the definition of geometry. That is the geometry of architecture was not an individual part, it interactive with structure, form, even the external pattern. When we design a geometry we aim to consider in a border area. The another aspect I learnt from my case study was how to treat the roles of computation in the design process. Especially my case study of Taizhong Opera House, it is a good example to express roles of computational design process. Obviously the whole geometry was driven from computational design. However, the whole design was not a simple model we could built in in grasshopper. Its geometry was influence by the sustainability concept.
In personal idea, computation design was a tool that extend our limitation from our initial design intent. A real built project still need a great amount of designer’s decision it cannot leave the human research and experience of designer. without human give a definition, those account less interactions means nothing. For the third part, I was quite benefit from the presentation of the design proposal, we follow the process of research, explore the design potential, and give out our design intent, but in order to achieve out design concept we should go back to the exploration again. Also, the reverse engineer process develops my computational techniques. Base on that, I have the ability to make the geometry of my own design. I am interest in irregular, organic shape, so I was learning the exoskeleton and kangaroo component. And how to cull and select number index in a list of number.
part b .08 algorithmic sketchbook