Building Structures (BLD61003) School of Architecture, Building and Design
Project 2: Structural Analysis of M16 House by NERB Arquitetura
Prepared by: Chevally Lo Zhao Shyen 0326497
Tutor: Mohamed Rizal Mohamed
Table of Content 1.0 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………..……...… 3
2.0 Architectural Plans ……………………………………………………………………..…… 4 - 6 ●
Ground Floor Plan
●
First Floor Plan
●
Roof Plan
3.0 Design Brief (Quantity Life and Dead Load Acting on Structure) ……………..…….. 7
4.0 Structural Plans ………………………………………………………………..………….. 8 - 11 ●
Foundation Plan
●
Ground Floor Structural Plan
●
First Floor Structural Plan
●
Roof Structural Plan
5.0 Load Distribution Diagrams ……………………………………………………..……….. 12 - 14 ●
Load Distribution on Ground Floor
●
Load Distribution on First Floor
●
Load Distribution on Roof
6.0 Tributary Area Diagrams ………………………………………………………..………… 15 - 17 ●
Ground Floor Tributary Area
●
First Floor Tributary Area
●
Roof Tributary Area
7.0 Beam Analysis ……... ……………………………………………………..……………… 18 - 29 7.1 Beam To Beam Connection 7.2 Beam To Column Connection
8.0 Column Analysis ……….………………………………………………..………………… 30 - 42 8.1 Edge Column 8.2 Intermediate Column 2
1.0 Introduction
The objectives of this project are to introduce us to the basic process of structural design of a two-storey bungalow to gain a holistic structural design experience including the basic concepts in structural design, engineering considerations in building structure, quantification of loads and stresses, as well as the estimation of the sizes of structural members. Through this assignment, we will be able to apply structural theory in designing structural elements, analyse loading conditions using simple mathematical calculation and illustrate the manipulation of loading forces graphically.
We are to obtain a set of architectural drawings of a two or three-storey bungalow not exceeding 300 sqm, which includes ground floor plan, first floor plan and roof plan. The chosen bungalow to be analysed is M16 House by NERB Arquitetura.
The bungalow consists of the following components: 1.
1 Living Room
2.
1 Garage
3.
1 Balcony
4.
1 Kitchen
5.
5 Toilets
6.
4 Closets
7.
4 Bedrooms
8.
3 Verandahs
3
2.0 Architectural Plans
Closet Bedroom Toilet
Hallway
Hall
Kitchen Living Room Toilet
Balcony
Garage
4
Ground Floor Plan 1 : 100
Closet
Verandah
Closet
Verandah
Toilet
Verandah
Bedroom
Bedroom Toilet Toilet Bedroom Closet
5
First Floor Plan 1 : 100
6
Roof Plan 1 : 100
3.0 Design Brief (Quantity Life and Dead Loads Acting on Structure) Dimension of Structure Structure
Dimension
Slab
0.15m (thickness)
Wall
0.15m x 3m (thickness x height)
Beam
0.15m x 0.3m (width x depth)
Column
0.225m x 0.225m x 3m (width x length x height)
Standard Weight of Material Material
Standard Weight (kN/m3)
Brickwork
19
Reinforced Concrete
24
Structure Self-Weight Structure
Calculation
Self-Weight
Concrete Slab
0.15m x 24kN/m3
3.6kN/m2
Brick Wall
0.15m x 3m x 19kN/m3
8.55kN/m2
Beam
0.15m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3
1.08kN/m2
Column
0.225m x 0.225m x 3m x 24kN/m3
3.645kN/m2
Roof: Dead Load: 1.0kN/m2 Live Load: 0.5kN/m2
7
4.0 Structural Plans
8
Foundation Plan 1 : 100
9
Ground Floor Structural Plan 1 : 100
10
First Floor Structural Plan 1 : 100
11
Roof Structural Plan 1 : 100
5.0 Load Distribution Diagrams
12
Load Distribution on Ground Floor 1 : 100
13
Load Distribution on First Floor 1 : 100
14
Load Distribution on Roof 1 : 100
6.0 Tributary Area Diagrams
15
Ground Floor Tributary Area 1 : 100
16
First Floor Tributary Area 1 : 100
17
Roof Tributary Area 1 : 100
7.0 Beam Analysis
Beam To Beam Connection (Beam 4 / C - E) Beam To Column Connection (Beam 3 - 5 / E)
18
7.1 Beam To Beam Connection
Beam To Beam Connection (Beam 4 / C - E) 19
7.1 Beam To Beam Connection Beam 4 / C - E Dead Load Beam Self-Weight = beam size x density of material
D
C
E
4.432m 3.081m
1.351m
1.08 kN/m
= 0.15m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3 = 1.08kN/m2
Brick Wall Self-Weight
8.55 kN/m
= brick wall size x density if material = 0.15m x 3m x 19kN/m3 = 8.55kN/m2
Slab 3 - 4 / C - E
6.188 kN/m
(Trapezoidal area formula on two way slab) = slab self-weight x (Lx / 2) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.438 / 2) = 6.188kN/m
6.424 kN/m Slab 4 - 5 / C - E (Trapezoidal area formula on two way slab) = slab self-weight x (Lx / 2) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.569 / 2) = 6.424kN/m
22.242 kN/m Total Load on Beam 4 / C - E = (1.08 + 8.55 + 6.188 + 6.424) kN/m = 22.242kN/m 20
Live Load
D
C
E
4.432m Slab 3 - 4 / C - E (Trapezoidal area formula on two way slab) = Live Load (UBBL) x (Lx / 2)
3.081m
1.351m
2.579 kN/m
= 1.5kN/m2 x (3.438 / 2) = 2.579kN/m
Slab 4 - 5 / C - E (Trapezoidal area formula on two way slab)
2.677 kN/m
= Live Load (UBBL) x (Lx / 2) = 1.5kN/m2 x (3.569 / 2) = 2.677kN/m
Total Live Load on Beam 4 / C - E
5.256 kN/m
= (2.579 + 2.677) kN/m = 5.256kN/m
21
Ultimate Load
D
C
E
4.432m Ultimate Dead Load = Total Dead Load x 1.4 = 22.242kN/m x 1.4
3.081m
1.351m
31.139 kN/m
= 31.139kN/m
Ultimate Live Load = Total Live Load x 1.6
8.41 kN/m
= 5.256kN/m x 1.6 = 8.41kN/m
Ultimate Load
39.6 kN/m
Beam 4 / C - E = Ultimate Dead Load + Ultimate Live Load = (31.139 + 8.41) kN/m = 39.6kN/m
22
D
A Beam 4 / C - E
E
4.432m
Reaction Force
3.081m
1.351m
39.6 kN/m
Point Load on Beam 4 / C - E = 39.6kN/m x (3.081 + 1.351)m = 175.507kN 2.216m
Let RC be reference point,
2.216m
175.507 kN
∑M = MC + ( -ME) = 0, MC = ME 175.507kN x 2.216m = RE (2.216 x 2) 388.924kN = 4.432 RE RE = 87.75kN
∑F = 0, ∑FUP = ∑FDOWN RC + RE = 175.507kN
RC = 87.76 kN
RE = 87.75 kN
RC = 175.507kN - 87.75kN RC = 87.76kN
Shear Force Diagram
87.76 kN
(+)
Bending Moment Diagram,
- 87.75 + 87.76 = 0.01 ≈ 0
0kN
Positive Area
(-)
= [ (87.76 x 2.216) / 2 ] kN/m = 97.238kN/m
87.76 - 175.507 = -87.75 kN
Bending Moment Diagram 97.238 kN
Negative Area = [ (87.75 x 2.216) / 2 ] kN/m = 97.227 (*difference of 0.011 ≈ 0)
∴ Positive area = Negative area
0kN
0kN
23
7.2 Beam To Column Connection
Beam To Column Connection (Beam 3 - 5 / E) 24
7.2 Beam To Column Connection 4
3 Beam 3 - 5 / E
5
7.007m
Dead Load 3.438m
3.569m
1.08 kN/m
Beam Self-Weight = beam size x density of material = 0.15m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3 = 1.08kN/m
Brick Wall Self-Weight
8.55 kN/m
= brick wall size x density if material = 0.15m x 3m x 19kN/m3 = 8.55kN/m
Slab 3 - 4 / C - E (Triangular area formula on two way slab)
4.126 kN/m
= slab self-weight x (Lx / 2) x (2 / 3) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.438 / 2) x (2 / 3) = 4.126kN/m
4.283 kN/m
Slab 4 - 5 / C - E (Triangular area formula on two way slab) = slab self-weight x (Lx / 2) x (2 / 3) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.569 / 2) x (2 / 3) = 4.283kN/m
Total Load on Beam 3 - 4 / C - E
13.756 kN/m
13.913 kN/m
= (1.08 + 8.55 + 4.126) kN/m = 13.756kN/m Total Load on Beam 4 - 5 / C - E = (1.08 + 8.55 + 4.283) kN/m = 13.913kN/m
25
Live Load
4
3
7.007m
Slab 3 - 4 / C - E (Triangular area formula on two way slab) = Live Load (UBBL) x (Lx / 2) x (2 / 3) = 1.5kN/m2 x (3.438 / 2) x (2 / 3)
5
3.438m
3.569m
1.719 kN/m
= 1.719kN/m
Slab 4 - 5 / C - E
1.785 kN/m
(Triangular area formula on two way slab) = Live Load (UBBL) x (Lx / 2) x (2 / 3) = 1.5kN/m2 x (3.569 / 2) x (2 / 3) = 1.785kN/m
Total Live Load on Beam 3 - 4 / E
1.719 kN/m
1.785 kN/m
= 1.719kN/m Total Live Load on Beam 4 - 5 / E = 1.785kN/m
26
Ultimate Load
4
3
5
7.007m Ultimate Dead Load on Beam 3 - 4 / C - E = Total Dead Load x 1.4 = 13.756kN/m x 1.4
3.438m
3.569m
19.258 kN/m
= 19.258kN/m
19.478 kN/m
Ultimate Dead Load on Beam 4 - 5 / C - E = Total Dead Load x 1.4 = 13.913kN/m x 1.4 = 19.478kN/m
Ultimate Live Load on Beam 3 - 4 / C - E
2.75 kN/m
= Total Live Load x 1.6 = 1.719kN/m x 1.6 = 2.75kN/m
2.856 kN/m Ultimate Live Load on Beam 4 - 5 / C - E = Total Live Load x 1.6 = 1.785kN/m x 1.6 = 2.856kN/m
Ultimate Load Beam 3 - 4 / C - E = Ultimate Dead Load + Ultimate Live Load = (19.258 + 2.75) kN/m = 22.008kN/m
22.008 kN/m
22.334 kN/m
Beam 4 - 5 / C - E = Ultimate Dead Load + Ultimate Live Load = (19.478 + 2.856) kN/m = 22.334kN/m 27
Beam 3 - 5 / E
4
3
Reaction Force
5
7.007m 3.438m
Point Load at 4 / E = 87.76kN/m
3.569m
22.008 kN/m
22.334 kN/m
Point Load on Beam 3 - 4 / E = 22.008kN/m x 3.438m = 75.664kN Point Load on Beam 4 - 5 / E = 22.334kN/m x 3.569m = 79.71kN
1.719m
1.719m
1.7845m
87.76 kN/m 75.664 kN/m
Let R3 be reference point,
1.7845m
79.71 kN/m
R3 = 122.102 kN
R5 = 121.032 kN
∑M = M3 + ( -M5) = 0, M3 = M5 (75.664kN)(1.719) + (87.76kN)(3.438) + (79.71kN)(5.2225) = R5 (3.438 + 3.569) 848.07kN = 7.007 R5 R5 = 121.032kN
∑F = 0, ∑FUP = ∑FDOWN R3 + R5 = (75.664 + 87.76 + 79.71) kN R3 = 243.134kN - 121.032kN R3 = 122.102kN
28
Beam 3 - 5 / E
4
3
Reaction Force
5
7.007m 3.438m
Bending Moment Diagram,
1.719m
Positive Area
3.569m
1.719m
1.7845m
1.7845m
87.76 kN/m
= [ (122.102 + 46.438) / 2 ] kN/m x 3.438m
75.664 kN/m
= 289.72kN/m
79.71 kN/m
Negative Area = [ (41.322 + 121.032) / 2 ] kN/m x 3.569m = 289.72kN/m
R3 = 122.102 kN
R5 = 121.032 kN
∴ Positive area = Negative area 122.102 kN
Shear Force Diagram
122.102 - 75.664 = 46.438 kN
(+) 0kN 46.438 - 87.76 = -41.322 kN
(-)
-41.322 - 79.71 = -121.032 kN
Bending Moment Diagram 289.72 kN
0kN
0kN
29
8.0 Column Analysis
Edge Column (Column 1B) Intermediate Column (Column 3C)
30
Edge Column (Column 1B) Intermediate Column (Column 3C)
31
Edge Column (Column 1B) Intermediate Column (Column 3C)
32
8.1 Edge Column Column 1B Roof Level
Dead Load Roof Weight = [ (4.496 / 2) x 3.474 ] m2 x 1.0kN/m2 = 7.809kN Roof Beam = [ (4.496 / 2) x 2 + 3.474 ] m x 1.08kN/m = 8.608kN ∴ Total Dead Load = (7.809 + 8.608) kN = 16.417kN
∴ Live Load (Roof) = [ (4.496 / 2) x 3.474 ] m2 x 0.5kN/m2 = 3.905kN
33
First Floor
Dead Load Brick Wall = [ 1.428 + (4.496 / 2) ] m x 8.55kN/m = 50.65kN Beam = [ (4.496 / 2) x 2 + (1.428 x 2) + 3.474 ] m x 1.08kN/m = 11.692kN Slab = { [ 1.428 + (4.496 / 2 ) ] x 3.474 } m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = 45.974kN Column Self-Weight = 0.225m x 0.225m x 3m x 24kN/m3 = 3.645kN/m 34
∴ Total Dead Load = (50.65 + 11.692 + 45.974 + 3.645) kN = 111.961kN
∴ Live Load (Slab) = { [ 1.428 + (4.496 / 2) ] x 3.474 } m2 x 1.5kN/m2 = 19.156kN
35
Ground Floor
Dead Load Brick Wall = [ (4.496 / 2) x 2 ] m x 8.55kN/m = 38.441kN Beam = { [ (4.496 / 2) x 2 ] + 3.474 } m x 1.08kN/m = 8.608kN Slab = [ (4.496 / 2) x 3.474 ] m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = 28.114kN Column Self-Weight = 0.225m x 0.225m x 3m x 24kN/m3 = 3.645kN/m
36
∴ Total Dead Load = (38.441 + 8.608 + 28.114 + 3.645) kN = 78.808kN
∴ Live Load (Slab) = [ (4.496 / 2) x 3.474 ] m2 x 1.5kN/m2 = 11.714kN
Ultimate Load Ultimate Dead Load = (16.417 + 111.961 + 78.808) kN x 1.4 = 290.06kN
Ultimate Live Load = (3.905 + 19.156 + 11.714) kN x 1.6 = 55.64kN
Ultimate Load = Ultimate Dead Load + Ultimate Live Load = (290.06 + 55.64) kN = 345.7kN
37
8.2 Intermediate Column Column 3C Roof Level
Dead Load Roof Weight = [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x (3.502 + 3.438) m2 x 1.0kN/m2 = 30.98kN Roof Beam = { [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] + (4.464 x 2) + 3.502 + 3.438 } m x 1.08kN/m = 21.959kN ∴ Total Dead Load = (30.98 + 21.959) kN = 52.939kN
∴ Live Load (Roof) = { [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x (3.502 + 3.438) } m2 x 0.5kN/m2 = 15.49kN 38
First Floor
Dead Load Brick Wall = [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x 2 + (2.216 x 2) + 1.722 + 0.656 ] m x 8.55kN/m = 134.56kN Beam = { [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x 2 + 3.438 } m x 1.08kN/m = 13.355kN Slab = { [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x 3.438 } m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = 55.25kN Column Self-Weight = 0.225m x 0.225m x 3m x 24kN/m3 = 3.645kN/m
39
∴ Total Dead Load = (134.56 + 13.355 + 55.25 + 3.645) kN = 206.81kN
∴ Live Load (Slab) = { [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x 3.438 } m2 x 1.5kN/m2 = 23.02kN
40
Ground Floor
Dead Load Brick Wall = [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 + (2.216 x 2) + 3.438 m x 8.55kN/m = 105.456kN Beam = { [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x 3 + 3.502 + 3.438 } m x 1.08kN/m = 21.959kN Slab = { [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x (3.502 + 3.438) } m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = 111.53kN Column Self-Weight = 0.225m x 0.225m x 3m x 24kN/m3 = 3.645kN/m 41
∴ Total Dead Load = (105.456 + 21.959 + 111.53 + 3.645) kN = 242.59kN
∴ Live Load (Slab) = { [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x (3.502 + 3.438) } m2 x 1.5kN/m2 = 46.47kN
Ultimate Load Ultimate Dead Load = (52.939 + 206.81 + 242.59) kN x 1.4 = 703.275kN
Ultimate Live Load = (15.49 + 23.02 + 46.47) kN x 1.6 = 135.968kN
Ultimate Load = Ultimate Dead Load + Ultimate Live Load = (703.275 + 135.968) kN = 839.243kN
42