PROJECT 2: Structural Analysis of a Bungalow

Building Structures (BLD61003) School of Architecture, Building and Design

Project 2: Structural Analysis of M16 House by NERB Arquitetura

Prepared by: Chevally Lo Zhao Shyen 0326497

Tutor: Mohamed Rizal Mohamed

Table of Content 1.0 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………..……...… 3

2.0 Architectural Plans ……………………………………………………………………..…… 4 - 6 ●

Ground Floor Plan

●

First Floor Plan

●

Roof Plan

3.0 Design Brief (Quantity Life and Dead Load Acting on Structure) ……………..…….. 7

4.0 Structural Plans ………………………………………………………………..………….. 8 - 11 ●

Foundation Plan

●

Ground Floor Structural Plan

●

First Floor Structural Plan

●

Roof Structural Plan

5.0 Load Distribution Diagrams ……………………………………………………..……….. 12 - 14 ●

Load Distribution on Ground Floor

●

Load Distribution on First Floor

●

Load Distribution on Roof

6.0 Tributary Area Diagrams ………………………………………………………..………… 15 - 17 ●

Ground Floor Tributary Area

●

First Floor Tributary Area

●

Roof Tributary Area

7.0 Beam Analysis ……... ……………………………………………………..……………… 18 - 29 7.1 Beam To Beam Connection 7.2 Beam To Column Connection

8.0 Column Analysis ……….………………………………………………..………………… 30 - 42 8.1 Edge Column 8.2 Intermediate Column 2

1.0 Introduction

The objectives of this project are to introduce us to the basic process of structural design of a two-storey bungalow to gain a holistic structural design experience including the basic concepts in structural design, engineering considerations in building structure, quantification of loads and stresses, as well as the estimation of the sizes of structural members. Through this assignment, we will be able to apply structural theory in designing structural elements, analyse loading conditions using simple mathematical calculation and illustrate the manipulation of loading forces graphically.

We are to obtain a set of architectural drawings of a two or three-storey bungalow not exceeding 300 sqm, which includes ground floor plan, first floor plan and roof plan. The chosen bungalow to be analysed is M16 House by NERB Arquitetura.

The bungalow consists of the following components: 1.

1 Living Room

2.

1 Garage

3.

1 Balcony

4.

1 Kitchen

5.

5 Toilets

6.

4 Closets

7.

4 Bedrooms

8.

3 Verandahs

3

2.0 Architectural Plans

Closet Bedroom Toilet

Hallway

Hall

Kitchen Living Room Toilet

Balcony

Garage

4

Ground Floor Plan 1 : 100

Closet

Verandah

Closet

Verandah

Toilet

Verandah

Bedroom

Bedroom Toilet Toilet Bedroom Closet

5

First Floor Plan 1 : 100

6

Roof Plan 1 : 100

3.0 Design Brief (Quantity Life and Dead Loads Acting on Structure) Dimension of Structure Structure

Dimension

Slab

0.15m (thickness)

Wall

0.15m x 3m (thickness x height)

Beam

0.15m x 0.3m (width x depth)

Column

0.225m x 0.225m x 3m (width x length x height)

Standard Weight of Material Material

Standard Weight (kN/m3)

Brickwork

19

Reinforced Concrete

24

Structure Self-Weight Structure

Calculation

Self-Weight

Concrete Slab

0.15m x 24kN/m3

3.6kN/m2

Brick Wall

0.15m x 3m x 19kN/m3

8.55kN/m2

Beam

0.15m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3

1.08kN/m2

Column

0.225m x 0.225m x 3m x 24kN/m3

3.645kN/m2

Roof: Dead Load: 1.0kN/m2 Live Load: 0.5kN/m2

7

4.0 Structural Plans

8

Foundation Plan 1 : 100

9

Ground Floor Structural Plan 1 : 100

10

First Floor Structural Plan 1 : 100

11

Roof Structural Plan 1 : 100

5.0 Load Distribution Diagrams

12

Load Distribution on Ground Floor 1 : 100

13

Load Distribution on First Floor 1 : 100

14

Load Distribution on Roof 1 : 100

6.0 Tributary Area Diagrams

15

Ground Floor Tributary Area 1 : 100

16

First Floor Tributary Area 1 : 100

17

Roof Tributary Area 1 : 100

7.0 Beam Analysis

Beam To Beam Connection (Beam 4 / C - E) Beam To Column Connection (Beam 3 - 5 / E)

18

7.1 Beam To Beam Connection

Beam To Beam Connection (Beam 4 / C - E) 19

7.1 Beam To Beam Connection Beam 4 / C - E Dead Load Beam Self-Weight = beam size x density of material

D

C

E

4.432m 3.081m

1.351m

1.08 kN/m

= 0.15m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3 = 1.08kN/m2

Brick Wall Self-Weight

8.55 kN/m

= brick wall size x density if material = 0.15m x 3m x 19kN/m3 = 8.55kN/m2

Slab 3 - 4 / C - E

6.188 kN/m

(Trapezoidal area formula on two way slab) = slab self-weight x (Lx / 2) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.438 / 2) = 6.188kN/m

6.424 kN/m Slab 4 - 5 / C - E (Trapezoidal area formula on two way slab) = slab self-weight x (Lx / 2) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.569 / 2) = 6.424kN/m

22.242 kN/m Total Load on Beam 4 / C - E = (1.08 + 8.55 + 6.188 + 6.424) kN/m = 22.242kN/m 20

Live Load

D

C

E

4.432m Slab 3 - 4 / C - E (Trapezoidal area formula on two way slab) = Live Load (UBBL) x (Lx / 2)

3.081m

1.351m

2.579 kN/m

= 1.5kN/m2 x (3.438 / 2) = 2.579kN/m

Slab 4 - 5 / C - E (Trapezoidal area formula on two way slab)

2.677 kN/m

= Live Load (UBBL) x (Lx / 2) = 1.5kN/m2 x (3.569 / 2) = 2.677kN/m

Total Live Load on Beam 4 / C - E

5.256 kN/m

= (2.579 + 2.677) kN/m = 5.256kN/m

21

Ultimate Load

D

C

E

4.432m Ultimate Dead Load = Total Dead Load x 1.4 = 22.242kN/m x 1.4

3.081m

1.351m

31.139 kN/m

= 31.139kN/m

Ultimate Live Load = Total Live Load x 1.6

8.41 kN/m

= 5.256kN/m x 1.6 = 8.41kN/m

Ultimate Load

39.6 kN/m

Beam 4 / C - E = Ultimate Dead Load + Ultimate Live Load = (31.139 + 8.41) kN/m = 39.6kN/m

22

D

A Beam 4 / C - E

E

4.432m

Reaction Force

3.081m

1.351m

39.6 kN/m

Point Load on Beam 4 / C - E = 39.6kN/m x (3.081 + 1.351)m = 175.507kN 2.216m

Let RC be reference point,

2.216m

175.507 kN

∑M = MC + ( -ME) = 0, MC = ME 175.507kN x 2.216m = RE (2.216 x 2) 388.924kN = 4.432 RE RE = 87.75kN

∑F = 0, ∑FUP = ∑FDOWN RC + RE = 175.507kN

RC = 87.76 kN

RE = 87.75 kN

RC = 175.507kN - 87.75kN RC = 87.76kN

Shear Force Diagram

87.76 kN

(+)

Bending Moment Diagram,

- 87.75 + 87.76 = 0.01 ≈ 0

0kN

Positive Area

(-)

= [ (87.76 x 2.216) / 2 ] kN/m = 97.238kN/m

87.76 - 175.507 = -87.75 kN

Bending Moment Diagram 97.238 kN

Negative Area = [ (87.75 x 2.216) / 2 ] kN/m = 97.227 (*difference of 0.011 ≈ 0)

∴ Positive area = Negative area

0kN

0kN

23

7.2 Beam To Column Connection

Beam To Column Connection (Beam 3 - 5 / E) 24

7.2 Beam To Column Connection 4

3 Beam 3 - 5 / E

5

7.007m

Dead Load 3.438m

3.569m

1.08 kN/m

Beam Self-Weight = beam size x density of material = 0.15m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3 = 1.08kN/m

Brick Wall Self-Weight

8.55 kN/m

= brick wall size x density if material = 0.15m x 3m x 19kN/m3 = 8.55kN/m

Slab 3 - 4 / C - E (Triangular area formula on two way slab)

4.126 kN/m

= slab self-weight x (Lx / 2) x (2 / 3) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.438 / 2) x (2 / 3) = 4.126kN/m

4.283 kN/m

Slab 4 - 5 / C - E (Triangular area formula on two way slab) = slab self-weight x (Lx / 2) x (2 / 3) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.569 / 2) x (2 / 3) = 4.283kN/m

Total Load on Beam 3 - 4 / C - E

13.756 kN/m

13.913 kN/m

= (1.08 + 8.55 + 4.126) kN/m = 13.756kN/m Total Load on Beam 4 - 5 / C - E = (1.08 + 8.55 + 4.283) kN/m = 13.913kN/m

25

Live Load

4

3

7.007m

Slab 3 - 4 / C - E (Triangular area formula on two way slab) = Live Load (UBBL) x (Lx / 2) x (2 / 3) = 1.5kN/m2 x (3.438 / 2) x (2 / 3)

5

3.438m

3.569m

1.719 kN/m

= 1.719kN/m

Slab 4 - 5 / C - E

1.785 kN/m

(Triangular area formula on two way slab) = Live Load (UBBL) x (Lx / 2) x (2 / 3) = 1.5kN/m2 x (3.569 / 2) x (2 / 3) = 1.785kN/m

Total Live Load on Beam 3 - 4 / E

1.719 kN/m

1.785 kN/m

= 1.719kN/m Total Live Load on Beam 4 - 5 / E = 1.785kN/m

26

Ultimate Load

4

3

5

7.007m Ultimate Dead Load on Beam 3 - 4 / C - E = Total Dead Load x 1.4 = 13.756kN/m x 1.4

3.438m

3.569m

19.258 kN/m

= 19.258kN/m

19.478 kN/m

Ultimate Dead Load on Beam 4 - 5 / C - E = Total Dead Load x 1.4 = 13.913kN/m x 1.4 = 19.478kN/m

Ultimate Live Load on Beam 3 - 4 / C - E

2.75 kN/m

= Total Live Load x 1.6 = 1.719kN/m x 1.6 = 2.75kN/m

2.856 kN/m Ultimate Live Load on Beam 4 - 5 / C - E = Total Live Load x 1.6 = 1.785kN/m x 1.6 = 2.856kN/m

Ultimate Load Beam 3 - 4 / C - E = Ultimate Dead Load + Ultimate Live Load = (19.258 + 2.75) kN/m = 22.008kN/m

22.008 kN/m

22.334 kN/m

Beam 4 - 5 / C - E = Ultimate Dead Load + Ultimate Live Load = (19.478 + 2.856) kN/m = 22.334kN/m 27

Beam 3 - 5 / E

4

3

Reaction Force

5

7.007m 3.438m

Point Load at 4 / E = 87.76kN/m

3.569m

22.008 kN/m

22.334 kN/m

Point Load on Beam 3 - 4 / E = 22.008kN/m x 3.438m = 75.664kN Point Load on Beam 4 - 5 / E = 22.334kN/m x 3.569m = 79.71kN

1.719m

1.719m

1.7845m

87.76 kN/m 75.664 kN/m

Let R3 be reference point,

1.7845m

79.71 kN/m

R3 = 122.102 kN

R5 = 121.032 kN

∑M = M3 + ( -M5) = 0, M3 = M5 (75.664kN)(1.719) + (87.76kN)(3.438) + (79.71kN)(5.2225) = R5 (3.438 + 3.569) 848.07kN = 7.007 R5 R5 = 121.032kN

∑F = 0, ∑FUP = ∑FDOWN R3 + R5 = (75.664 + 87.76 + 79.71) kN R3 = 243.134kN - 121.032kN R3 = 122.102kN

28

Beam 3 - 5 / E

4

3

Reaction Force

5

7.007m 3.438m

Bending Moment Diagram,

1.719m

Positive Area

3.569m

1.719m

1.7845m

1.7845m

87.76 kN/m

= [ (122.102 + 46.438) / 2 ] kN/m x 3.438m

75.664 kN/m

= 289.72kN/m

79.71 kN/m

Negative Area = [ (41.322 + 121.032) / 2 ] kN/m x 3.569m = 289.72kN/m

R3 = 122.102 kN

R5 = 121.032 kN

∴ Positive area = Negative area 122.102 kN

Shear Force Diagram

122.102 - 75.664 = 46.438 kN

(+) 0kN 46.438 - 87.76 = -41.322 kN

(-)

-41.322 - 79.71 = -121.032 kN

Bending Moment Diagram 289.72 kN

0kN

0kN

29

8.0 Column Analysis

Edge Column (Column 1B) Intermediate Column (Column 3C)

30

Edge Column (Column 1B) Intermediate Column (Column 3C)

31

Edge Column (Column 1B) Intermediate Column (Column 3C)

32

8.1 Edge Column Column 1B Roof Level

Dead Load Roof Weight = [ (4.496 / 2) x 3.474 ] m2 x 1.0kN/m2 = 7.809kN Roof Beam = [ (4.496 / 2) x 2 + 3.474 ] m x 1.08kN/m = 8.608kN ∴ Total Dead Load = (7.809 + 8.608) kN = 16.417kN

∴ Live Load (Roof) = [ (4.496 / 2) x 3.474 ] m2 x 0.5kN/m2 = 3.905kN

33

First Floor

Dead Load Brick Wall = [ 1.428 + (4.496 / 2) ] m x 8.55kN/m = 50.65kN Beam = [ (4.496 / 2) x 2 + (1.428 x 2) + 3.474 ] m x 1.08kN/m = 11.692kN Slab = { [ 1.428 + (4.496 / 2 ) ] x 3.474 } m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = 45.974kN Column Self-Weight = 0.225m x 0.225m x 3m x 24kN/m3 = 3.645kN/m 34

∴ Total Dead Load = (50.65 + 11.692 + 45.974 + 3.645) kN = 111.961kN

∴ Live Load (Slab) = { [ 1.428 + (4.496 / 2) ] x 3.474 } m2 x 1.5kN/m2 = 19.156kN

35

Ground Floor

Dead Load Brick Wall = [ (4.496 / 2) x 2 ] m x 8.55kN/m = 38.441kN Beam = { [ (4.496 / 2) x 2 ] + 3.474 } m x 1.08kN/m = 8.608kN Slab = [ (4.496 / 2) x 3.474 ] m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = 28.114kN Column Self-Weight = 0.225m x 0.225m x 3m x 24kN/m3 = 3.645kN/m

36

∴ Total Dead Load = (38.441 + 8.608 + 28.114 + 3.645) kN = 78.808kN

∴ Live Load (Slab) = [ (4.496 / 2) x 3.474 ] m2 x 1.5kN/m2 = 11.714kN

Ultimate Load Ultimate Dead Load = (16.417 + 111.961 + 78.808) kN x 1.4 = 290.06kN

Ultimate Live Load = (3.905 + 19.156 + 11.714) kN x 1.6 = 55.64kN

Ultimate Load = Ultimate Dead Load + Ultimate Live Load = (290.06 + 55.64) kN = 345.7kN

37

8.2 Intermediate Column Column 3C Roof Level

Dead Load Roof Weight = [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x (3.502 + 3.438) m2 x 1.0kN/m2 = 30.98kN Roof Beam = { [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] + (4.464 x 2) + 3.502 + 3.438 } m x 1.08kN/m = 21.959kN ∴ Total Dead Load = (30.98 + 21.959) kN = 52.939kN

∴ Live Load (Roof) = { [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x (3.502 + 3.438) } m2 x 0.5kN/m2 = 15.49kN 38

First Floor

Dead Load Brick Wall = [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x 2 + (2.216 x 2) + 1.722 + 0.656 ] m x 8.55kN/m = 134.56kN Beam = { [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x 2 + 3.438 } m x 1.08kN/m = 13.355kN Slab = { [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x 3.438 } m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = 55.25kN Column Self-Weight = 0.225m x 0.225m x 3m x 24kN/m3 = 3.645kN/m

39

∴ Total Dead Load = (134.56 + 13.355 + 55.25 + 3.645) kN = 206.81kN

∴ Live Load (Slab) = { [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x 3.438 } m2 x 1.5kN/m2 = 23.02kN

40

Ground Floor

Dead Load Brick Wall = [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 + (2.216 x 2) + 3.438 m x 8.55kN/m = 105.456kN Beam = { [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x 3 + 3.502 + 3.438 } m x 1.08kN/m = 21.959kN Slab = { [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x (3.502 + 3.438) } m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = 111.53kN Column Self-Weight = 0.225m x 0.225m x 3m x 24kN/m3 = 3.645kN/m 41

∴ Total Dead Load = (105.456 + 21.959 + 111.53 + 3.645) kN = 242.59kN

∴ Live Load (Slab) = { [ (4.496 / 2) + 2.216 ] x (3.502 + 3.438) } m2 x 1.5kN/m2 = 46.47kN

Ultimate Load Ultimate Dead Load = (52.939 + 206.81 + 242.59) kN x 1.4 = 703.275kN

Ultimate Live Load = (15.49 + 23.02 + 46.47) kN x 1.6 = 135.968kN

Ultimate Load = Ultimate Dead Load + Ultimate Live Load = (703.275 + 135.968) kN = 839.243kN

42