CONTENT_
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Introduction……………………………………………..……………… 1.1 Introduction to Site
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Precedent Studies ……………………………………………..…… 2.1 Facade System 01 Folding Shutter Facade 2.2 Facade System 02 Sliding Louvre Facade 2.3 Structural System Steel Framing System 2.4 Floor System Composite Joist Floor System 2.5 Roof System
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Floor Plans ………………………………………………………………... 3.1 Ground Floor & First Floor 3.2 Second Floor & Third Floor
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15 16 17
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Facade Scheme ………………………………............................... 18 4.1 Facade Scheme 01 19 4.2 Facade Scheme 02 21
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Sectional Perspective Details ……………………………….... 5.1 Sectional Perspective 01 Ground Floor to First Floor 5.2 Sectional Perspective 02 Third Floor to Roof
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23 24 26
References ……………………………………………………………….... 28
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Introduction 1.1……………………... Introduction to Site
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1.1: Introduction to Learning Center in Jalan Stesen 1
Jalan Stesen 1 was once a vibrant street filled with business trading and eatery. Due to the construction of the bridge connecting to new town area and also the inflation, the once vibrant street has turned into a quiet underlying street which most of the senior citizens consistently staying at this place to keep their old memories alive. Due to the contribution of Klang River on transporting the tin, Klang is known as a highly trading town. The learning center that I am designing for Jalan Stesen serves mainly to empower the local community to congregate, to exchange and to learn by addressing the dying trades, not only in Jalan Stesen 1, but the entire Klang.
Figure 1.1: Site B as my chosen site (Tan, 2018)
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Precedent Studies 2.1……………………... Facade System 1 2.2…………………….. Facade System 2 2.3……………………... Structural System 1 2.4……………………….. Structural System 2 2.5……………………….. Floor and Wall System 2.6…………………………………... Roofing System
Facade System A active frontage design approach will be consider into the building facade which provide a transparency to the building itself and thus enhance the occupants’ visual permeability when they’re experiencing the spaces, inside and out.
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2.1: Facade System 1 Folding Shutter Facade Advantages Transparency at Night The indoor lighting system provides a backlit effect at night, highlighting the translucency of the facade assembly Solar Protection The outer shell provides insulation, while blinds serve as solar protection for the windows Natural Light Transmission The facade emphasizes floor to ceiling windows on 3 perimeter walls, white and grey interiors, to ensure natural light penetrate into the cavernous floor area. Durability and Cost Effective The blinds are durable and less susceptible to corrosion as aluminium has its own naturally occuring oxide film.
Showroom Kiefer technic Architect: Ernst Giselbrecht + Partner Location: Bad Gleichenberg, Austria. Materials: Perforated Aluminium Panels The facades of the building combine two distinct architectural styles in one common material: a metallic mesh.The architects said this material is both a contextual response to neighboring buildings with operable elements that evoke the scope of mechanical engineering.
The 56 pairs of panels can be controlled individually, similar to the art of Origami. Light as paper and silent, within 30 seconds an almost infinite number of facs=ade looks and views can be set.
Versatility It can be controlled by building's climate control system or manually by building's users and plentiful light is admitted. Disadvantages Cleanliness Issue Tendency to accumulate dust over time, which is most noticeable on darker coloured blinds. Maintenance Steel structure will rust and corrode, need regular maintenance
Integration into Learning Center The learning center in site B will receives direct sunlight onto the facades itself and the proposal of this operable facade allows controlling the different amount of natural light projected into the indoor spaces depending on the user's favors as well allowing flexible functionally and creates dynamic changes onto the exterior faces to attract users to come into the learning center.
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2.1: Facade System 1 Folding Shutter Facade
Perspective of Folding Shutter facade
Section of Folding Shutter facade
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2.2: Facade System 2 Sliding Louvre Facade Advantages Provide Visibility and Privacy in One Sliding aluminium blinds creates dynamic outlook when viewing from the street and the moveable function also provides privacy. Solar Protection The facade prevents heat from getting into the interior spaces during summer due to the ceramic planks, it seals to keep warmth.
ELEVATION
Convenient in Handling Aluminium is a lightweight material which makes the blinds easy to handle and is cheap in transportation. Durability and Cost Effective The blinds are durable and less susceptible to corrosion as aluminium has its own naturally occuring oxide film. Disadvantages
Nieuw Australië-Boston Architect: Jaume Bach, Eugeni Bach Location: Amsterdam, Netherlands Materials: Aluminium Fin, Steel Frame A steel reticule that limits the broad windows of the apartments forms the block’s patio facade. Sliding aluminum blinds that serve to create a dynamic and changing façade provides solar protection and privacy here.
Noise Weak sound insulation facade, noises from cars in the street can be heard. The blinds can be noisy at the window when it is operated because they are metal. Cleanliness Issue Tendency to accumulate dust over time, which is most noticeable on darker coloured blinds.
FIN ROTATION Each fin is connected to a driving rod to enable simultaneous rotation. The driving rod mechanism is integrated into the vertical frame, maintaining the clean aesthetics of the sliding shutter. The fins are rotated by hand.
Integration into Learning Center Sliding shutters offer a unique way to give a distinctive appearance to a facade. Moving individually or as a group they continuously transform the facade while still providing a uniform and consistent design to the envelope.
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2.2: Facade System 2 Sliding Blind Facade
TOP RAILS FIXATION METHODS The top rails for Sliding Shutters can be easily fixed to the building structure using the following methods. Other solutions available upon request.
SLIDING SHUTTER LOCK
CONTROL SYSTEM The shutter can slide manually or it can be motorised making it possible for the system to function in places where manual positioning is not possible. It also allows for the shutters to become a part of a total building management system which optimises the shading performance of the shutter. Several configurations are possible. See examples below.
FACADE SECTION
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2.3: Structural System 1 Steel Frame Structure Cross Section of Steel Structure The common types of steel column in construction from weakest to strongest. Figure 2.7: Angle Channel, C-Channel, Square Channel, T-Channel, I-Channel, H Channel
The Spring House Architect: W.L.A Location: Tainan, Taiwan Materials: Steel Frame Structure, brick, Combining the steel , bricks, and metal plates to form the framework of traditional architecture and spatial order as a starting point to reinterpret modern residential construction. The materials are remained raw to make a great convenience of replacement and maintenance of the building's facilities and circulation system.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Quick Installation & Quality Control Majority of work can be pre-fabricated at the factory and the mechanization used in prefabricated construction ensures precise conformity to building code standards and greater quality assurance, eliminating human error.
Fire Proofing Cost at degree celsius, mild steel can lose almost half its strength. Steel structures need to be fire-protected due to its low resistance.
Strong and Durable Steel does not wrap or expand unlike traditional wood framing
Susceptibility to Buckling Steel sections usually consist of a combination of thin plates. If these slender member are subjected to compression, there are greater chances of buckling.
Versatility A wide range of pre-made structural sections are available and they are suitable to clad with any materials
Special flame retardant coatings act to increase this property of structural steel. Integration into Learning Center Steel frame construction allow larger structured span and efficient when laid out along a regular grid, especially when the site is small and being restricted by neighborhood buildings. In Spring House, the brick structure combined with the modern steel structure to produce a unique contextual architecture style. This bring a sense of locality with the neighboring shoplots which are all in brick solid masses as well.
Pest Resistant Structural steel components are immune to the degrading effects of burrowing insects and mammals
Beam to Column Connection Figure 2.7: Plan view
Figure 2.7: Isometric view
11 Beam to Column to Floor 1/ Steel column is welded to its steel base plate after the plate is levelled on a bed of stable grout.
2/ Steel beams are then connected to columns via fin plates through welding and bolting.
3/ Composite flooring system by welding sheer stuffs to the supporting steel beam below.
4/ More columns are connected through splices by using bolts.
Brick Wall to Beam to Floor
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2.4: Structural System 1 Composite Joist Floor System Disadvantages
Advantages Long spans Hambro joists can span up to 43 ft. (13.1 m) without shoring. Economical Requires less concrete and steel reinforcement than conventional slabs, which cuts costs and overall construction time.
Composite Joist Floor System
Maximum duct opening Facilitates the integration of mechanical systems.
Rigidity and strength Enhanced strength due to composite action between the steel and concrete. Versatility Applicable to all types of framing. Can be finished with tile surface or any design that is desired. Simplicity Fast and simple to install.
Rust Metal truss exposed to humid servicing pipes such as water pipes are prone to rust, thus losing the structural integrity Floor Vibration open web trusses are more prone to noise vibrations from floor, decreasing acoustical insulation
Integration into Learning Center Manufacturer:
the lightweight properties of composite decking allows the sizes of other structural components to be greatly reduced, permitting smaller interiors and the possibility for open floor plans. Composite flooring has a much smaller depth compared to reinforced concrete floor slabs. This allows flexibility in design and at the same time to withstand greater loads.
Top chord bearing on steel beam
Bottom chord bearing with cross bracing U-clip
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1/ POSITIONING OF JOISTS The joists are placed on the walls or beams and positioned in compliance with the drawings issued for construction by Canam. The joist connection methods are also shown on the Canam drawings.
2/ PERMANENT BOLTED BRIDGING Permanent bridging is designed to provide lateral and torsional support for the joists in the non-composite stage. Top and bottom chords are fabricated with clips to accommodate bridging, if needed during the pouring process. Generally, no shoring is required unless specifically noted.
3/ STEEL DECK Together, the steel deck and bridging form a rigid diaphragm during construction, providing a safe platform for workers. The MD2000 system uses steel deck P-3606 which is delivered in bundles for easier installation.
4/ SHEETS OF MESH Welded wire mesh serves as the standard catenary for the slab. Standard 8 ft. x 20 ft. (2,400 mm x 6,100 mm) sheets of mesh are easily placed over the top chords of the Hambro joists. The top chord acts as a high chair. 5/ CONCRETE POURING AND FINISHING When pouring and finishing a Hambro slab, it is not necessary to complete the entire deck in a single pour. In the event that the pour is interrupted parallel to the joists, the joint should be midway between the joists, but never less than 6 in. (152 mm) from the top chord in order to ensure composite action.
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2.5: Roofing System Steel Frame Sawtooth Roof Advantages Light Transmission Uniform diffusion of light throughout the space Solar Protection Less glare and less unwanted heat also offer better working conditions Stack Ventilation Reducing Cost The usage of artificial lightings can be largely reduced due to the sufficient amount of natural lighting. Disadvantages
Royal Greenwich UTC Architect: Walters and Cohen Ltd Location: London, US Materials: Steel lattice, Translucent roof sheet The saw tooth roof enhancing the quality of natural lighting in the warehouse space, just by using a conventional translucent plastic sheet as a lid on the Vierendeel beams.
Maintenance Possible leakage of the roof that will lead to high maintenance cost
Truss connects to steel beam.
Integration into Learning Center The sawtooth roof will not only bring in natural light into my learning center, but the exposed structure will convey a sense of honesty. The proposed site is small and restricted. Hence, the long span of the lightweight steel truss allows lesser supporting columns which allows open and wider unobstructed spaces in the learning center.
Steel struts
Truss sits on column.
Waterproof membrane Corrugated roof sheet
Steel Column Steel beam
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Floor Plans 3.1……………………... Ground Floor 3.2……………………... First Floor 3.3……………………... Second Floor 3.4……………………... Third Floor
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Library of Things Workshop
Office Reminiscence Area
P1
P1
Cafe
Workshop
Photography Studio
Ground Floor
First Floor
Scale 1:150
Scale 1:150
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Computer Lab Wall Gallery
Playground P2
P2
Exhibition Space
Workshop
Second Floor
Third Floor
Scale 1:150
Scale 1:150
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Facade Scheme 4.1……………………... Facade Scheme 1 4.2…………………….. Facade Scheme 2
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4.1: Facade Scheme 01: Folding Shutter Facade
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4.1: Facade Scheme 01: Folding Shutter Rear Facade
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4.2: Facade Scheme 02: Sliding Louvre Facade
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4.2: Facade Scheme 02: Sliding Louvre Rear Facade
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Sectional Perspective 5.1……………………... Sectional Perspective 01 Ground Floor to First Floor 5.2 …………………... Sectional Perspective 02 Third Floor to Roof
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5.1: Sectional Perspective 01 Ground Floor to First Floor Workshop
Detail 03 Operable louvre shutter facade connection to wall (refer to page )
Detail 01 Composite steel joist to beam connection. open web joist provide lateral support for a girder atop a column
Detail 02 H-Column to brickwork connection.
Detail 04 Blockwork to foundation. Steel frame to ground connection
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5.1: Sectional Perspective 01 Detail 01: Composite Joist Floor System Connection
How concrete slab formed.
Composite floor joist sits on beam and bolted to column using steel L-plate.
Elevation
5.1: Sectional Perspective 01 Detail 03: Operable Louvre Shutter Facade Connection
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5.2: Sectional Perspective 02 2nd Floor Workshop - 3rd Floor Exhibition Space
Detail 01 Steel truss to ceiling connection.
Detail 04 Folding louvre panels (refer to page )
Ceiling furring channel/ runner detail The fire rated ceiling is applied to protect the roof truss during fire.
Detail 03 Masonry wall connection (refer to page )
Detail 02 Half truss to half truss connection. Truss to blockwork connection.
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5.2: Sectional Perspective 02 Detail 03: Masonry Wall Connection
Grout and reinforcing
5.2: Sectional Perspective 02 Detail 04: Folding Louvre Shutter
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Control joint
Folding shutter with aluminium fins or perforated sheet Changes façade appearance instantly from closed to open
The LCA uses rigid aluminium frame with a subframe of fixed louvre fins fitted into it.
Web wall Flange wall Control joint
Grout and reinforcing
Front view open (from inside)
50% interlocking to bond walls
Intersection of masonry wall Top view
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References
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Emily.U (2016). The dynamic solar shading of Kiefer Technic Showroom. Retrieved from 07 November 2018 at http://www.designindaba.com/articles/creative-work/dynamic-solar-shading-kiefer-technic-showroom Paul.d.V (n.d). Australia-Boston. Retrieved from 07 November 2018 at http://www.pauldevroom.com/?portfolio=oostelijke-handelskade Archdaily (2016). Spring House/ WLA. Retrieved from 07 November 2018 at https://www.archdaily.com/789515/spring-house-w-l-a Walters and Cohen Architects. (n.d). Royal Greenwich UTC. Retrieved from 07 November 2018 at https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/works/royal-greenwich-university-technical-college Eurohush. (n.d). Retrieved from 15 November 2018 at http://europanel.com.au/installation/eurohush/ SmartTech. (n.d). Zero Line Folding Window System. Retrieved at 20 November 2018 at http://www.smartechdoorsystems.com.au/smartech-folding-systems/zero-line-folding-window-system/