10th session, 1st book

Page 1

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13ü 2010 ¹- 1 ±ïÅ- 27 ºDôh-hGº-‚P-mô¼-JÀÛP-IÔ-±P-G®ôÅ-hGôm-Çkï-DG-IPÅ- 82 ¾-ŸzÅ-¼Û¤-Oô¾¤-ºzÞ¤-fï¼-zM-f¤-q-GÅôG-Oæz-hGôÅ-GmÅ-ŸÝÅ-hôm-¿e¼-Gmh-ǨÛm-ºzh-Oæz-ŸÝÅü 14ü 2010 ¹- 1 ±ïÅ- 27 ZÛm-Å-GmÅ-¤Û-¤P-DG-mÅ-ŸzÅ-¼Û¤-Oô¾-¤-IPÅ- 2,911,363 GÅôG-OæzŸÝÅü 15ü 2010 ¹- 2 ±ïÅ- 16 ZÛm-G¸z-GÅô¾-um-ºiïm-fôG-GmÅ-VßP-VôÅ-M¾-Vïm-qôºÛ-z;º-¾ÞP-hGôPÅ-hômü &M¾-zºÛ-Ç+Ý-xÕ-hP-ü zÇem-ÆÛh-uÛ-¤fÞm-zÅôh-m¤Å-GôP-ºwï¾-º‚ãP-Vïh-ŸzÅ-¼Û¤-ºhôh-D¤Å-zhG-¤ôºÛ¸z-GÅô¾-hP-ü bØ-¼ïºÛ-zÇeôh-q-ºzÞ¤-fï¼ü M¾-¤±m-¯ï-¤ôºÛ-hqÞP-Mmü z=-ÁÛÅ-z¯ïGÅ-qü hI-¿Ë¼zÅPÅ-zQmü ¿Ë-¿SºÛ-GÅô¾-¤Vôhü dïm-ºƒï¾-ZïÅ-Åï¾ü GmÅ-zdm-xG-¤Vôhü &M¾-zºÛ-z;º-ºHã¼hG-OôG-zTÅ-μôP-ż-zÁh-IÔ-ÅôGÅ-hGôm-Çkï-DG 6 mÅ-Gmh-ǨÛm-GÅôG-Oæz-ŸÝÅü 16ü 2010 ¹- 2 ±ïÅ- 17 ZÛm-hq¾-¿km-Ç+Ý-ÇKï¼-»ÛG-±P-mÅ-z;º-wïzÅ-hGôPÅ-hômü &GôP-Å-&BzŤGôm-Vïm-qô-¤VôG-Ç+Ý-±ï-&ŸzÅ-qh-zdm-TÛP-fÞGÅ-zŸïh-¿Ëàm-ºIâz-Vïh-ŸzÅ-¼Û¤-Oô¾-¤-ºIô-GP-Vï-ºƒÅ„Àô-JÀÛP-IÔ-±P-ÅôGÅ-hGôm-DG- 10 mÅ-Gmh-ǨÛm-GÅôG-Oæz-ŸÝÅü 17ü 2010 ¹- 3 ±ïÅ- 2 ZÛm-¾ô-Pô-¿S-zTß-z®m-‚ô¾-hÝ-º‚ô¼-mÅ-hÝÅ-im-ÆâP-z¯ÛºÛ-¤WâG-zÇkô¤Å-hP-ºƒï¾&GôP-Å-&BzÅ-¤Gôm-Vïm-qô-¤VôG-¾-Ç+Ý-±ï-&ŸzÅ-qh-»Þm-hÝ-zdm-TÛP-fÞGÅ-ˆÛ-zŸïh-hGôPÅ-¤fº-hGGïGÅ-¤ïh-¿Ëàm-HÛÅ-ºIâz-qºÛ-Vïh-hq¾-Å-B-zhG-FÛ-¼Ûm-qô-Vï-¤VôG-hzÞ-zŸÝGÅ-ˆÛÅ-±ï-hqG-¤ïh-mP-OæzºVÛ-¤ïh-¿Ë-¿SºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-¤Dº-ºIô-zÅÞm-z¹ôG-hP-zTÅ-bï-l-Å-fïG-Vïm-VôÅ-JÀÛP-G®ßG-¾G-DP-hÝ-zdmzŸÝGÅ-MÅ-q-zÇe¼-ºzÞ¾-ŸÝÅü 18ü º²¤-JÀÛP-ŸÛ-zhïºÛ-hïh-hqôm-Vïm-qô-&GôP-Å-¿Ë-¤ÛºÛ-n¤-ºiïm-&BzÅ-¤Gôm-&M¾-hzP-f¤Å-Th-¤Eïm-TÛPG¸ÛGÅ-q-Vïm-qô-¤VôG-GÛ-Ç+ݺÛ-GÅP-z-GÅÞ¤-¾-±ß¾-zÇem-Ç+Ý-GïGÅ-ˆÛ-¤±m-¤-y-¤ôÅ-ˆP-¤-¼ïG-q¼-Ç+Ý-±ï&ŸzÅ-qh-zÇ+¾-zM¼-zdm-TÛP-ü fÞGÅ-zŸïh-¤²h-ºyÛm-¿Ëàm-HÛÅ-ºIâz-q-hP-ü w-¼ô¾-¤Û-hP-¤Û-¤-»ÛmHÛÅ-zŤ-¢ô¼-Pm-qºÛ-ºWâG-q-¤-¾ÞÅ-q-©ïGÅ-¤ïh-¼P-ż-ŸÛ-ŸÛP-ü zôh-zÇem-ÆÛh-¼P-hzP-ÇÀ¼-GÅôºÛVïh-zTÅ-¾-h¤ÛGÅ-bï-‚ïÅ-Fôh-¼ÛÅ-¤ïh-VôÅ-Çkï-DG-hP-ü ±ôGÅ-q-BÛh-ÇkÝG zôh-¤Û-ºhÝ-Çkôh-Å-GmÅ-DG-GÛ¤P-±ôGÅ-mÅ-¤-zÇ+ݾ-hÐP-„ÀP-fôG-¼P-hôm-¼P-GTïÅ-ˆÛÅ-ŸzÅ-¼Û¤-GmÅ-zdm-xG-¤Vôh-ÅôGÅ-Ÿzżۤ-DG-¤P-hP.ü ÆôG-„Àâ-zTÅ-¾Å-zÇkô¤Å-MÅ-q-mP-Gž-zŸÛm-Gmh-ǨÛm-ºzh-Oæz-ŸÝÅü 11


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5ü hq¾-º‚ô¼-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-ŸÝ-ÇKô-DG 5-1 ¼ÛÅ-¤ïh-VôÅ-zMãh-Vïm-qô-zŸÛ-hP-ü G»ÞP-iâP-zôm-zTÅ-ˆÛ-hzÞ-FÛh-n¤-q¼-¤±m-¤fôP-hôh-ÇKô¼- 500-00 ¼ï-hP-ü hzÞ-FÛh-„À-Vïm-¾Å-¸Þ¼-n¤Å-hP-ü Á¼-‚P-VôÅ-Xï-n¤-GZÛÅ-zTÅ-¾-¤±m-¤fôP-hôh-ÇKô¼- 40000 ¼ïü ¤Dm-qô-IPÅ- 39 ¾-¤±m-¤fôP-hôh-ÇKô¼- 300-00 ¼ïü ¤Dm-¸Þ¼-IPÅ- 34 zTÅ-¾¤±m-¤fôP-hôh-ÇKô¼- 200-00 ¼ï-hP-ü 5-2 GmÅ-VßP-Ç+Ý-dïm-¾-¤±m-hôh-ÇKôï¼- 4850-00 hGº-GhôP-Ç+Ý-dïm-hP-±ï-¼ÛP-¤Vïh-¿SºÛ-Ç+Ý-dïm-¾-¤±m-hôhÇKô¼- 4150-00 ¼ïü ¿Ë-¤ô-G»Þ-Oôm-¤ºÛ-Ç+Ý-zÇeïm-¾-¤±m-hôh-ÇKô¼- 3500-00 zTÅ-ºzÞ¾-¤ÞÅ-»Ûmü 5-3 ÇÀôz-»ôm-hôhü zôh-mÅ-mP-VôÅ-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-hÝ-º‚ô¼-hP-º‚ô¼-zŸÛm-qºÛ-IÔ-z®ßm-¾ô-m-iâG-mÅ-Zï¼-¿S-¾ôm-qºÛ-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-zŸ¾-IPÅ- 8000 ®¤-hP.ü ¼Þ-ÅôG-DÞ¾-mÅ-zôh-ˆÛ-VôÅ-¼ÛG-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-z-¾ô-m-zTß-mÅ-Zï¼-¿S-z¼-¾ôm-qI-z®ßm-Ÿ¾-IPÅ- 82 ¾-¹-¼ï-ÇÀôz-»ôm-ÇKô¼- 200-00 ¼ï-ºzÞ¾-zŸÛm-»ôhü 5-4 º±ô-Çoôm-hôhü l-Å-DÞ¾-‚-ƒ¾-DôPÅ-hP-ü D-fô¼-IÔ-z®ßm-ÇSGÅ-GÅÞ¤-º±ô-P¾-Tm-Ÿ¾-IPÅ- 204 ¾-¹-¼ï¼-º±ô-Çoômhôh-ÇKô¼- 300-00 ¼ï-ºzÞ¾-zŸÛm-»ôhü 5-5 hGï-Lm-GÅô¾-wôGÅ-hP-h;ôm-GZï¼-º±ô-Çoôm-hôhü VôÅ-¼ÛG-Ez-DôPÅ-M-z¾-ºƒâG-GÅÞ¤-DÞ¾-HÛ-hGôm-Çkï-IÔ-±P-VßP-DG-IPÅ- 22 ˆÛ-hGï-Lm-IPÅ- 29 ¾-GÅô¾-wôGÅ-hôh-hP.ü hGôm-VßP-DG-GTÛG-GÛ-h;ôm-GZï¼-IPÅ- 15 ¾-GÅô¾-wôGÅ-hôh-zTÅ-ºzÞ¾zŸÛm-»ôhü 5-6 ¼ôGÅ-Bô¼ü M-z¾-ºƒâG-GÅÞ¤-DÞ¾-HÛ-¼ÛÅ-¤ïh-VôÅ-Çkï-DG-GÛ-hGôm-q-hP-ü IÔ-±P-ü ºhÝ-DP-ü ¤-aÛ-¿Ë-DP-ÅôGÅ-GżzŸïPÅ-hP-ü Z¤Å-GÅô-zTÅ-ˆÛ-Vïh-¾ô-ºDô¼-hïºÛ-mP-hGôm-q-Ÿ¾-IPÅ- 12 ¾-¼ôGÅ-¼¤-ºzôh-zÇ+ݾ‚ãP-¼ÛGÅ-¾-¤fÞm-ºHã¼-¼ôGÅ-zBô¼-zÇkô¤Å-ÇKô¼- 989,526-00 wÞ¾-»ôhü

15


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Gü GŸÛÅ-DP-Z¤Å-GÅôü 1ü

2ü 3ü 4ü

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P.ü ¾Å-DÞPÅ-hP-¾Å-ÁG-Gż-MG-hP-Z¤Å-GÅôü 1ü

2ü 3ü

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1-2] ¤Z¤-ºƒï¾-»¼-MÅ-¾Å-hômü ;ü ¸z-¢ôP-Ç+ô¼ü 1ü

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D] Bïh-VßP-hP-Bïh-¤ïh-zÞm-G»¼ü

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G] ¼ôGÅ-hPÞ¾-DÞPÅ-vôh-ŸÝÅ-q-GÁ¤-Gžü 1ü

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1-3] Åô-m¤-»¼-MÅ-¾Å-hômü ;ü Å-Vß-zhG-GTïÅ-ˆÛ-¾Å-GŸÛü 1ü

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25


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30


1-5] m-GŸôm-¼ôGÅ-Bô¼-¾Å-hômü ;ü

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1-6] Dô¼-»ÞG-hP-G®P-ºyôh-»¼-MÅ-¾Å-hômü 1ü

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1-7] ¯ÛÅ-hP-mP-ŸÛz-¾Å-hômü ;ü 1ü

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34


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zÁhü hï-zŸÛm-zT¼-ºiÛ-ÅôGÅ-xôGÅ-OÛG-ŸÝÅ-bï-hïz-G¸ÞGÅ-ÅÞ-IPÅ- 1500 hq¼-Cæm-hP-ü M-mGGŸÝP-GÛÅ-zôh-ˆÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-¾-iP-zhïm-¤Ûm-qºÛ-ºEôG-zÁh-ˆÛ-ºIï¾-zXôh-hôm-±m- 60 ¾-ºGG-¾ïm-ŸÝÅ-fÞzq-‚ãP-»ôhü GŸm-»P-i-¾¤-zMãh-M-¼ÛGÅ-¤Û-¤P-n¤Å-¾-zôh-ˆÛ-hPôÅ-»ôh-GmÅ-±ß¾-ºIï¾-zXôh-ˆÛhrh-¯ô¤-IPÅ- 20 ®¤-z;ôh-mÅ-zôh-hôm-fôG-iÛ¾-zOGÅ-GP-fÞz-ŸÝÅ-»ôhü hï-zŸÛm-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-DG-¤Ûºi-z- 4 ®¤-zMãh-M-Ç+h-fôG-zôh-hôm-iÛ¾-zOGÅ-GP-fÞz-ŸÝÅ-»ôhü M-¼ÛGÅ-¯ô¤-q-qô-¾Û-TÛP-¾Û- (Li Ching Li) mÅ-&GôP-Å-¤VôG-GÛ-¤²h-n¤- PôÅ-ˆÛ-»Þ¾-hP-PôÅ-ˆÛ-¤Û-¤PhP-ü z®m-‚ô¾-mP-GÛ-‚¤Å-z¯ï- ŸïÅ-qºÛ-xG-hïz-GZÛÅ-h‚Ûm-»ÛG-mÅ-M-»ÛG-bà-zNå¼-z¼-ŸÝ-hG-ŸÝÅ-qhP.ü hï-zŸÛm-¯ô¤-q-qô-hïÅ- ¿Ë-Å- ŸïÅ-qºÛ-hïz-ŸÛG-ºƒÛ-¯ô¤-Ç+zÅ-GmÅ-±ß¾-¤Dô-Oæz-Vïh-¤Û-Ço-Pô-vôh-hPÇ+h-zNå¼ü hïz-ˆÛ-mP-hôm-¾-mô¼-zTôÅ-ŸÝ-ÇKô-ÅôGÅ-¤fÞm-ºHã¼-¼ôGÅ-wm-ŸÝ-hGôÅ-GP-fÞz-ŸÝÅü GŸm-»P-M-¼ÛGÅ-¤DÅ-q-¤Û-ZÝP-z-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-zôh-ˆÛ-Gmh-hôm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¯ô¤-»ÛG-Çoï-¤P-ŸÛG-ƒÛÅ-»ôhq¼-GmÅ-±ß¾-¤Dô-vôh-¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛ-¤fÞm-ºHã¼-ŸÝÅü zôh-¤Û-¤P-uÛ-ºfÞÅ-¿Ëm-DP-GÛÅ-z;º-hGôPÅ-¿e¼-ºôÅ-zÇkݺÛ-OÛG-GŸÛ-M-»ÛG-fôG-wz-zNå¼-ŸÝÅü ¤Z¤-ºƒï¾-M¾-±ôGÅ-hP-ü »Þ-¼ôz-uÛ-¤fÞmü ºIô-z-¤ÛºÛ-fôz-fP-±m-qü xÛ-¾ô- 2008 ¾ô¼-zôh-mP-zôh-¤ÛÅ-GŸÛ-M-Vï-zºÛ-ŸÛ-zºÛ-Hïm-¾PÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-n¤Åü hÝÅ-±ôh-¼ïºÞ¤ÛG-GŸÛ-z¸ÞP-ºDôh-qºÛ-ljm-fô-hP-ü hï-zŸÛm- 1987 mÅ- 2009 z¼-zôh-mP-GÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-z¯ôm-qºÛ-fôGŸÝP-zTÅ-Z¤Å-ŸÛz-fÞz-q-‚ãP-»ôhü xÛ-¾ô- 2008 ¹- 3 q¼-zôh-mP-ŸÛ-zºÛ-Hïm-¾PÅ-‚ãP-mÅ-h-z¼-zôh-¤Û-G-±ôh-¾ü Vz-ÆÛh-Gmh-hôm-HÛAïm-qÅ-ºVÛ-Bôm-hP-ü iP-zhïm-¤Ûm-qºÛ-FÛ¤Å-zTh-wôGÅ-qü hï-zŸÛm- 2008 ¹- 3 mÅ-h-z¼-GŸÛ-MVï-VßP-¾-¤-¿eôÅ-q¼-Eôm-Pô-Lô¾-fïPÅ-G-±ôh-‚ãP-»ôh-¤ïh-hP-ü hï-hG-Å-GmÅ-GP-hÝ-‚ãP-»ôh-¤ïh-ˆÛ-fôGZ¤Å-ŸÛz-ŸÝÅ-bï-ljm-fô-M¾-uÛºÛ-ZïÅ-»P-±ôGÅ-q- (Amnesty International) hP-ü ÅÞh-ÅÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-hôm-DP¤Z¤-ºƒï¾-M¾-±ôGÅ-¾Å-hôm-ºƒï¾-¤fÞh-qü GŸm-»P-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-hP-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-¤Ûm-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-qDG-¾-ºIï¤Å-GbôP-fÞz-q-‚ãP-»ôh-q-¤-¸hü ¼ÛP-¤Ûm-ljm-fô-ºhÛ-zŸÛm-hïz-G¸ÞGÅ-ÅÞ-hq¼-Cæm-»P-ŸÝºV¼-»ôhü 1987 ¾ô-mÅ-z¸ÞP-h-z¼-HÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-z®ôm-q-n¤Å-ˆÛ-¤±m-GŸÝP-hP-ü Bï-»Þ¾ü z®ôm-DP-GP-hÝ-z®ômºWâG-‚Å-»ôh-¤ïhü hï-zŸÛm-h-¿eºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-º±ô¾-ŸÛz-Vïh-(database) Gż-z¸ô-fÞz-q-‚ãP-»ôhü Ç+Ý-±z-hôm-GTôh-DG-hP-ü ¿ËG-q¼-ÅÞh-hôm-¤Z¤-ºƒï¾-M¾-±ôGÅ-¾Å-hôm-ºƒï¾-¤fÞh-qü GŸÝP-ºƒï¾hP-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-¤Ûm-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-DG hï-zŸÛm-¤Û-ÇKï¼-zôh-¤ÛºÛ-Gmh-hôm-fôG-hô-ÇoP-Tm-n¤Å-¾-hÝÅ-mÅhÝÅ-ÅÞ-zôh-mP-GÛ-ºIô-z-¤ÛºÛ-fôz-fP-GÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-n¤Å-¤Dô-vôh-ŸÝ-zŸÛm-»ôhü 66


M-G¼-¤fô-ÇÀôz-DG-bà-»ôh-qºÛ-zôh-¼ÛGÅ-hP-ü M-G¼-zºÛ-ÇÀôz-yâG-ÅôGÅ-zŸÝGÅ-ÇK¼-l-¼¤-Å-¾¼-m¤º‚ô¼-¾-zôh-hôm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-M¾-uÛºÛ-JÀïP-¤ô¾-HÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-DG-Pô-vôh-ŸÝ-zŸÛm-»ôhü

Pü 1ü

zôh-hôm-Mz-Bô¼-±ôGÅ-qºÛ-ºƒï¾-¤fÞh-hP-»ÛG-V-GÅôG-DP-±m-qü M¾-uÛºÛ-zôh-hôm-Mz-Bô¼-±ôGÅ-q-DG- 225 ®¤-¾-zôh-hôm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-WÛ-‚ãP-hÝÅ-fôG-EzÇtï¾-ŸÝÅü z®m-‚ô ¾ -zô h -GŸÝ P -GÛ - Vz-ÆÛ h -GmÅ-Çe P Å-hP.ü zô h -M-ºƒï ¾ -¤ô ¾ -HÛ - GmÅ-±ß ¾ -Ç+ ô ¼ -zô h -hô m Mz-Bô ¼ -±ô G Å-q-n¤Å-¾-JÀ ô G -ºyÛ m -zMã h -Gž-zÁh-ŸÝ - hGô Å -¼Û G Å-ŸÝ Å -»ô h ü M¾-uÛ º Û - zô h -hô m -Mz-Bô ¼ -±ô G Å-qºÛ - ºƒï ¾ -¤fÞ h -DP-GÛ - Mã m -¾Å-±ô G Å-Vß P -mP-xÛ - iÛ ¾ -¾ÅDÞ P Å-ˆÛ - Ç+ Ý - ±z-bà - ¸Þ ¼ -Zm-HÛ - ºGm-ºDÞ ¼ -ŸÝ - ¤Þ Å -fô G zô h -hô m -hP-ºƒï ¾ -zºÛ - ¾Å-hô m -‚ï h xô G Å-ˆÛ - zIô - JÀ ï P -mP-¤Z¤-ŸÝ G Å-ŸÝ Å ü 2010 ¹- 3 ±ï Å - 26 mÅ- 28 z¼-ZÛ m -GÅÞ ¤ -¼Û P -M¾-uÛ º Û - zô h -hô m -Mz-Bô ¼ -±ô G Å-qºÛ ºƒï ¾ -¤fÞ h -DP-mÅ-Gô - OÛ G -ŸÝ Å -qºÛ - Íï - ÁÛ - »-zô h -hô m -Mz-Bô ¼ -±ô G Å-qºÛ - ±ô G Å-ºhÝ - zŸÝ G ÅÇK ¼ -l-ż-zÇ+ ô P -±ô G Å-Ç+ z Å-¤Z¤-ŸÝ G Å-ŸÝ Å ü z®m-‚ô ¾ -zô h -GŸÝ P -GÛ - i-MºÛ - mP-º²¤-JÀ Û P -zô h -hô m -¾Å-ºGÝ ¾ - World Tibet Movement Ÿï Å -qºÛ - iÔ - Pô Å -mP-zô h -hô m -Mz-Bô ¼ -HÛ - GmÅ-±ß ¾ -hP-ºƒï ¾ -zºÛ - Ç+ ô ¼ -hÝ Å -mÅ-hÝ Å -ÅÞ - D-Ç+ ô P ŸÝ Å -hP-ŸÝ - ¤Þ Å -»Û m ü hï - zŸÛ m -GŸÝ P -ºƒï ¾ -hP-GŸÝ P -ºƒï ¾ -¤Û m -qºÛ - Ç+ Ý - ¤Iô m -±ô G Å-DG-zŸÛ - ¾-Ço ï - ¾ï m -¤fÞ m -ºHã ¼ ŸÝ Å ü »Û G -GÅô G -±m-q-mÅ-Mã m -hÝ - zô h -fô G -Z¤Å-ŸÛ z -GmP-¤Dm-¼Û G Å-¾-»Û G -V-¤Dô - vô h -ˆÛ - ¤fÞ m ºHã ¼ -ŸÝ Å ü ºhÛ - G-»Û G -GÅô G -DP-hÝ - »ô h -qºÛ - hï z -¼Û G Å-GP-»ô h -q-hP-ü hï - zŸÛ m -xÛ - DG-mÅ-Ÿ¾-ºhï z Å‚ã P -zÅ-zô h -hP-M-mG-GÛ - Gmh-hô m -hP-ºƒï ¾ -zºÛ - G¾-Vï º Û - hï z -¼Û G Å-Ço ï - ¤P-GP-‚ã P -z-n¤ÅGTï Å -Z¼-ŸÝ - ¤Þ Å ü

2ü 3ü 4ü 5ü 6ü 7ü 8ü

Çoï-Ám-±m-qü Çoï-Ám-±m-q-mÅ-xÛ-¾ô- 2009ü4ü1 mÅ- 2010ü3ü31 z¼-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-Ç+Ý-¤Iôm-Eôm-¤Û-IPÅ- 123 Çoï¾ïm-¤fÞm-ºHã¼-hP-zôh-hôm-Pô-vôh-ŸÝÅ-fÞz-q-‚ãP-»ôhü 67


iÛ¾-zOGÅ-Çkï-±mü zôh-»ÛG-±m-qºÛ-mP-GÅïÅ-Gż-ÁôG-hP-hÝÅ-hïzü zôh-»ÛG-i-Mü 1ü Áï Å -‚-hÝ Å -hï z ü hÝ Å -hï z -ºhÛ - ¹-¼ï ¼ -fï P Å-¼ï - ¯ô ¤ -OÛ G -hP-ºIï ¤ Å-Çt ï ¾ -ŸÝ - zŸÛ m -»ô h -qÅ-ºhô m fï P Å-¼ï ¼ -Pô - IPÅ- 2650 ¼ï - hq¼-Cæ m -ŸÝ - ¤Þ Å -»Û m ü 2ü zô h -¤Û º Û - ¼P-hzP-ü zô h -¤Û º Û - ¼P-hzP-Gż-Áô G -¹-¼ï ¼ -ºhô m -fï P Å-zŸÛ - ¼ï - ŸÝ - ¤Þ Å -hP-ü ºhô m -fï P Å-¼ï ¼ -Pô - IPÅ 2060 ¼ï - hq¼-Cæ m -ŸÝ - ¤Þ Å -»Û m ü 3ü z®m-‚ô ¾ -zô h -GŸÝ P -GÛ - G¾-Vï º Û - iÛ ¾ -zOGÅ-»Û G -Vü iÛ ¾ -zOGÅ-»Û G -V-ºhÛ - zŸÛ m -¾ô - ºDô ¼ GTÛ G -¾-ºhô m -fï P Å-zTß - GZÛ Å -hq¼-Cæ m -ŸÝ Å -¤Þ Å -»Û m ü 4ü i-GmÅü zô h -»Û G -i-MºÛ - mP-&Gô P -Å-&BzÅ-¤Gô m -Vï m -qô - ¤Vô G -GÛ - xÛ º Û - M¾-Dz-DG-¾-VÛ z ÅNå ¼ -hP-z;º-ÇÀ ô z -°¾-z-DG GŸm-»P-G¾-Vï º Û - z;º-ÇÀ ô z -hP.ü GÅÞ P -Vô Å ü z®m-‚ô ¾ GŸÝ P -GÛ - G¾-Vï º Û - Gż-ºHã ¼ -DG-hÝ Å -fô G -ºGô h -¤Þ Å ü hï - zŸÛ m -¾Å-DÞ P Å-DG-mÅ-GmPº‚ô ¼ -‚ã P -zºÛ - GŸÝ P -ºƒï ¾ -Gž-zOGÅ-¼Û G Å-hP-ü GŸm-GmÅ-±ß ¾ -n¤Å-i-MºÛ - mP-ºhô m Çt ï ¾ -ŸÝ - zŸÛ m -»ô h ü hï - zŸÛ m -¼P-hzP-Gż-Áô G -hP-ü Áï Å -‚-hÝ Å -hï z ü G¾-Vï º Û - iÛ ¾ -zOGÅ-»Û G -Vn¤Å-ºhô m -fï P Å-¼ï - ¼ï - zŸÛ m -Ç+ z Å-fô G -zô h -»Û G -i-MºÛ - mP-zTß G -Çe ï - &Gô P -Å-¤Vô G -GÛ - ¤²hºyÛ m -hP-ü z®m-‚ô ¾ -GŸÝ P -GÛ - º²Û m -Bô P -ü Iô Å -±ô G Å-zTÅ-ˆÛ - G¾-Vï º Û - GmÅ-±ß ¾ -n¤Å-hÝ Å fô G -bà - G¸Û G Å-ŸÛ z -fÞ z -q-ŸÝ Å -»ô h ü xô G Å-¤±ß P Å-¾ô - ºDô ¼ -ºhÛ º Û - mP-&Gô P -Å-&BzÅ-¤Gô m Vï m -qô - ¤Vô G -GÛ Å -°¾-zºÛ - z;º-ÇÀ ô z -DG- 24 O-wz-ŸÝ Å -fÞ z -q-‚ã P -»ô h ü ;ü

h‚Ûm-»ÛG-hP-ü iÔ-M-±m-qü zôh-GmÅ-Gż-ºyÛmü ¾ô-ºDô¼-ºhÛºÛ-mP-&GôP-Å-&BzÅ-¤Gôm-Vïm-qô-¤VôG-GÛ-VôÅ-ÆÛh-¤²h-ºyÛm-hP-ü z®m-‚ô¾-GŸÝP-hPIôÅ-±ôGÅ-zTÅ-qºÛ-G¾-VïºÛ-Gż-ºHã¼-DG zôh-hôm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-M¾-uÛºÛ-Gż-ºHã¼-DG zôh-¤ÛºÛGŸÛÅ-VGÅ-DG-mÅ-zbP-º‚ô¼-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-GmÅ-±ß¾-zTÅ-Eôm-GmÅ-±ß¾-DG-zhÝm-zM-Ç+ô¼-ŸÛG-h‚Ûm»ÛG-i-MºÛ-mP-ºhôm-Çtï¾-ŸÝÅü Ÿô¼-hÝ-z®m-‚ô¾-GŸÝP-GÛ-GTÛG-ÇkÝh-»¼-MÅ-ºV¼-GŸÛºÛ-¾Å-¼Û¤- (Integrated Development Plan) mP-xÛ-iÛ¾-¾Å-DÞPÅ-mÅ-xG-zÇe¼-ŸÝ-hGôÅ-¾Å-ºV¼-DG-hÝÅ-mÅ-hÝÅ-ÅÞ-ºV¼-ºzÞ¾-ŸÝ-¤ÞÅ-»Ûmü 68


Gü 1ü

Gż-ºGôh-ºƒï¾-¾¤-±m-qü ¾ô-ºDô¼-ºhÛºÛ-mP-±m-q-ºhÛ-mÅ-zŸÝGÅ-ÇK¼-l-¼¤-Å-¾¼-zôh-hôm-Z¤Å-ŸÛz-q-hP-Gż-ºGôh-qü JÀôGz½‰m-z¸ô-Cæm-qü hï-zŸÛm-IôÅ-±ôGÅ-Ç+Ý-¤Iôm-zTÅ-q¼-&GôP-Å-&BzÅ-¤Gôm-Vïm-qôºÛ-¤W¾-D-hP-ü z®m-‚ô¾-GŸÝP-GÛ-VïÅ-¤fôºÛ-¤Û-Ço¼-¤W¾-ºyhü zôh-ˆÛ-¼ÛG-GŸÝP-zÇeÛ-GmÅ-zTÅ-q¼-G¸ÛGÅ-Ç+ô¼-GôOÛG-WÛ-ŸÝÅ-GÁ¤-Gžü 0 M-G¼-hP-ÍÞ-¼Þ-ÅÞºÛ-zôh-hôm-Z¤Å-ŸÛz-qü 0 ¿kÛ-¾Û¼-dïm-GŸÛ-‚Å-qºÛ-h‚Ûm-WÛ-hP-ü mÛ-l¼-¾ïm^-GŸÝP-±z-DP-mÅ-zôh-hôm-dôGÅ-ŸÛz-qü 0 Í-¼Û-hP-ü Í-ÍÛ-ÅÛ-¾ïm^ü Íô-Åô-=ï-¾Û-»ü M-G¼-zTÅ-mÅ-Gż-ºGôh-qü (The New York Times, Iceland National Broadcasting Service, Sydney Morning Herald, Business Standard)

4ü Pü

0 M-G¼-hP-ü ZÛ-ÈôP-mÅ-JÀôG-z½‰m-z¸ô-Cæm-q-DG-GÅÞ¤ü 0 w-¼m-ÅÛ-IôÅ-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-¤Û-Ço-¿S.zTÅ-»Ûmü xÛ-¾ô- 2008 ¾ôºÛ-ŸÛ-Lô¾-Hïm-¾PÅ-Vïm-¤ôºÛ-mP-¤Z¤-ŸÝGÅ-GmP-¤Dm-¤hô-Ǩh-„À-ƒP-GÛ-hGï-ºhÝm-q-zŸÛhP-ü D¤Å-h;¼-¤²ïÅ-DÞ¾-mÅ-¤Û-IPÅ-zŸÛ-zTÅ-M¾-GTïÅ-q-n¤Å-M-G¼-hÝ-ƒôÅ-‚ô¾-hÝ-wïzÅ-º‚ô¼HÛÅ- 2009 ¹- 5 mP-xÛ-iÛ¾-¿ËG-q-±ï-¼ÛP-±ôGÅ-DP-hÝ-M¾-uÛºÛ-Gż-ºGôh-¿Ëm-±ôGÅ-Gô-OÛG-hP-GÅÞPzNå¼-zTÅ-fïPÅ-GZÛÅ-ŸÝÅü 2010 ¹- 1 ±ïÅ- 5 ZÛm-&GôP-Å-¤VôG-GÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-n¤-GZÛÅ-mÅ-M-mG-GŸÝP-GÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-hP-¿Ëm-ºƒï¾¤ô¾-GmP-Gbm-ºDï¾-Ç+ô¼-Gż-ºGôh-Gž-zOGÅ-hP-ü hï-zŸÛm- 2010 ¹- 2 ±ïÅ- 2 ZÛm-Ç+Ý-±zn¤-GZÛÅ-M-mG-mÅ-zŸÝGÅ-ÇK¼-hÝ-xÛ¼-wïzÅ-ˆÛÅ-zôh-M-ºƒï¾-¤ô¾-Ç+ô¼-Gż-ºGôh-¿Ëm-±ôGÅ-zTÅ-GôOÛG-ŸÝÅü ¾ô-ºDô¼-ºhÛºÛ-mP-xÛ-mP-Gż-ºGôh-q¼ü &GôP-Å-¤VôG-GÛ-GÅÞP-VôÅ-hP-G¾-VïºÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-¤²h-ÇKôü hÝÅ-Çeôm-zTÅ-q¼-zT¼-ºfÞÅ-VôG-¤Vm- (Press Card) ÇS-xÛ-IPÅ- 475 wÞ¾-»ôhü

h‚Ûm-»ÛG-hÝÅ-hïz-

Tibetan Bulletin

¹-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛ-¤±¤Å-h‚Ûm-»ÛG-hÝÅ-hïz-IPÅ- 4100 hq¼-Cæm-ŸÝ-zŸÛm-»ôh-q-n¤Å-Ç+Ý-ÇKï¼-»ÛG-±P-hPzôh-GŸÝP-¾Å-DÞPÅ-DG Ç+Ý-±z-hôm-GTôh-DG ÇÀôz-IÔ-DG M-z¾-ºƒâG-GÅÞ¤-zôh-¤ÛºÛ-GŸÛÅ-DG-GÛ-ÅGmÅ-ºGô-º²Ûm-n¤Å-¾-ºIï¤Å-Çtï¾-ŸÝ-¤ÞÅ-hP-ü hï-zŸÛm-¿kÛ-¾Û¼-xÛ-M¾-GŸÝP-±z-DG-hP-ü h¤ÛGÅzž-M¾-uÛºÛ-mP-zôh-hôm-fôG-hôm-GZï¼-z-ÅôGÅ-¾ºP-ºIï¤Å-Çtï¾-ŸÝ-zŸÛm-»ôhü ¿ËG-ºyôÅ-n¤Å-l-Å-¤ïJËm-xÛ-iÛ¾-»ÛG-V-ºIï¤Å-Çtï¾-DP-hÝ-¤P-±ôGÅ-¾-ºIï¤Å-Çtï¾-Vïh-¸Þ¼-ºWôG-ŸÝ-zŸÛm-»ôhü ¤P-±ôGÅ-mP69


1ü 2ü 3ü

4ü 5ü

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57 33 13 30 10

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GÅÞ ¤ -zTß º Û - GÅÞ P -ºyÛ m -DG-hP.ü z;º-ÇÀ ô z -Gmh-zÇk Ý Å -hP-ü ¤²h-ºyÛ m ü ¾ô - Mã Å ü ºGï P Å-Áô G -ºi-¤Û m -DG mh-¼Û G Å-ÇS ô m -ºGô G -hP-¸z-¢ô P -Vï h -hGô Å -¤Dô º Û - »Û G -V-DG Dô ¼ »Þ G -Gô - dô G Å-Çt ï ¾ -Mã º Û - »Û G -V-DG-hP.ü Gž-zOGÅ-ˆÛ - ¼Û G Å-Åô G Å-Áô G -Pô Å -Mz-¤hÝ m -»ô h ¤ï h -hP.ü Pô - Áô G -¤P-ZÝ P -TÛ - ¼Û G Å-»ô h -q-DG- 30 hq¼-Cæ m -ŸÝ Å -qºÛ - IPÅ-ºzô ¼ -mÛ 108,910 zô h -»Û G -Gż-ºHã ¼ -DG-;¤-Çt ä - ‡¼-mP-ºWâ G -OÛ G -hP-z¸ô - h‚Û z Å-OÛ G -¢ô ¼ -z;ô h -OÛ G -hP.ü hï - ¤Û m -hÝ Å -hï z -hP-hï z -Åô G Å-ˆÛ - z¸ô - h‚Û z Å-OÛ G -¢ô ¼ -zB¼-z¸ô - ‚-hGô Å -¼Û G Å-zTÅ-V-±P-ŸÝ zŸÛ m -»ô h ü hï - zŸÛ m -mP-ÆÛ h -¾Å-DÞ P Å-ˆÛ - z;ô h -¤PGÅ-¿e ¼ -¿S - zTß º Û - hÝ Å -im-HÛ - hï z -DG-ºi-¤Û m - 5 hï z G¸Þ G Å-ÅÞ - hq¼-¼Û Å -hP-zTÅ-hq¼-GŸÛ - OÛ G -¢ô ¼ -V-±P-ŸÝ Å ü ;¤-qÞ º Þ - ‡¼-Çk ï - ±mü h-»ô h -z®m-‚ô ¾ -GŸÝ P -GÛ - ¥ã ¼ -ºyÛ m - (Secure email) »ô h -q-hï - zŸÛ m -Ç+ Ý - ±z-hô m -GTô h -¾ÅDÞ P Å-±P-¤¼-¥ã ¼ -ºyÛ m -GTÛ G -Hã ¼ -z¸ô Å -¸Û m -q-hP-ü ¥ã ¼ -ºyÛ m -Æâ P -Bô z -¿k m -qºÛ (MailServer) Gż-º²â G Å-ŸÝ Å -mÅ-¥ã ¼ -ºyÛ m -Gbô P -Ç+ z Å-GŸm-HÛ - Áï Å -dô G Å-¤ï h -qºÛ (Encryption) fô G -hô - zhG-Åô - Åô º Û - ¥ã ¼ -ºyÛ m -Gbô P -»Þ ¾ -hÝ - h;º-P¾-¤ï h -q¼-º‚ô ¼ -fÞ z -qhP-ü GmÅ-±ß ¾ -@Ý - Áô ¼ -»P-ZÝ P -hÝ - Åô P -zºÛ - wm-fô G Å-‚ã P -¼ï - »ô h ü Wireless Network: z®m-‚ô ¾ -GŸÝ P -GÛ - ¾Å-DÞ P Å-wm-±ß m -;¤-qÞ º Þ - ‡¼-V-±P- (Network Cable) zMã h -mÅ-¤fÞ h -»ô h -q-hï - ¿e ¼ -xÛ Å -ÅÞ - V¼-hÝ Å -hP-ZÛ - iô h -ˆÛ - ºyô - z½À G -xÛ m -q-hï º Û - ±z-bà (Wireless) ¾Å-GŸÛ - ÇS ¼ -¾ô - ºIô - ¤Þ Å -hï - ¾ï G Å-Iâ z -¸Û m ü Vï Å -¤fô º Û - FÛ ¤ Å-ŸÛ z -q-n¤-q-hP-ü ±ô G Å-G®ô - ±ô G Å-GŸô m -n¤-qü hï - zŸÛ m -z;º-„À ô m -n¤-qzTÅ-ˆÛ - zŸÝ G Å-ÁG-¾-iÔ - MºÛ - ¤fÞ m -Aï m -Gż-º²â G Å-ŸÝ Å ü mP-ÆÛ h -hP-ü zhï - Æâ P .ü hq¾-º‚ô ¼ ü ºyô h -zÇe ï m ü GŸÝ P -ŸzÅ-ºhï ¤ Å-¿Ë m ü hï - zŸÛ m -xÛ iÛ ¾ -¾Å-DÞ P Å-zTÅ-ˆÛ - ¾Å-DÞ P Å-Åô - Åô º Û - hGô Å -¤Dô - ¿e ¼ - (Database) ¾Å-GŸÛ - Gż-z¸ô - fÞ z q-‚ã P -»ô h ü

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3] hq¾-º‚ô¼-¾Å-DÞPÅü 1ü

2ü 3ü

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4] ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¾Å-DÞPÅü 1ü 2ü

3ü 4ü

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95


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5] zhï-ÆâP-¾Å-DÞPÅü 1ü

2ü 3ü

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ÆôG-hPÞ¾-hï-±ô-h-V-GŸÝP-mÅ-GŸÝP-zÁï¼-GbôP-GÛ-ºhÝG-¸ï¼-HÛ-ºhÝG GmÅ-±ß¾-Gž-qô-ÁïÅ-ˆÛ-¤ïhü PÅ-hïºi-»Ûm-HÛ-¤-¼ïh-¸ï¼-hÝÅü hï-¾-»¼-GŸÛÅ-VGÅ-ˆÛ-ÆôG-hPÞ¾-hï-»P-»¼-zÇkÝÅ-ºIô-»Û-»ôh-¼ïh-ŸïÅ-zÁh-¤DmºhÝG hï-±ôºÛ-Ç+ô¼-¾-hPôÅ-ºƒï¾-¤Ûm-m-mÛ-h-G-¼ïhü hPôÅ-ºƒï¾-»Ûm-q-»Ûm-m-mÛü hï-ºi-¤Û-D-ÁÅ-¾-»P-hï-¤Gô¤-±ôh-mÅ-zÁh-q-»Ûm-m-GP-ŸÛG-Çeïü ¤Û-hï-¤Gô-±ôh-¤Dm-ŸÛG-¼ïhü hï-ºiºÛ-fôG-¾-hGôPÅ-q-zŸïÅ-¼ôGÅ-GmP-ü hï-mÅ-hqï¼-m-ŸÛP-Vß-ºiïm-GbôP-GÛ-z;G-ºGôG-¤P-qô-ŸÛG-hï-hÝÅ-‚ãP-»ôh-¼ïhü hïºÛ-fôG-¾-»Ûm-q-»Ûm-m-Gž-qô‚ïh-mÅ-xôGÅ-zÇkô¤Å-±ÛG-zÇkÝÅ-mP-¾-ºDôh-»ôh-q-»ôhü ŸÛP-Vß-ºiïm-GbôP-hïºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-h-¿e-¾Å-zÇkô¤Å-mP»ôh-q-zŸÛm-¤±ô-μÛP-hï-ºi-z¸ô-»Å-hP-ü V¼-Vß-GÅôG-»Å-ˆÛ-¾Å-GŸÛ-hï-±ô-hqï-¾ïGÅ-qô-ºhÝG GŸÛÅ-VGÅ-DG-¾GP-¾-GP-¤±¤Å-ˆÛ-mP-¾-P-¼P-ºIô-¥ôP-z-¤P-qô-TÛG-GÛ-mP-¾-»Ûm-m.ü GŸÛÅ-VGÅ-ˆÛ-hˆÛ¾-mÅ-MãGÅ-VßMãGÅ-»Å-hP-ü ¼P-zŸÛm-HÛ-VߺÛ-μÛP-zÞ-»ôh-q-hï-ºi-»ôh-¼ïhü hï-±ôºÛ-fôG-¾-¼P-zŸÛm-HÛ-fzÅ-¾¤-HÛ-fôG-mÅü ŸÛP-Vß-ºiïm-GbôP-GÛ-¾Å-GŸÛ-‚ïh-»Å-»ôh-¼ïhü hï-mÅ-ŸÛP-Vß-ºiïm-GbôP-¾-fzÅ-GTÛG-G-¼ï-»ôh-¼ïh-Tï-mü źôG-mÅ-Vß-ºiïm-»Å-hï-¼ïhü z;º-ÁG-GÛ-z;G-ºGôG-GmP-zºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-hï-ºi-fôm-»ôh-¼ïhü »Ûm-mºP-ü Zï-ºI¤-HÛ-M-G¼-ŸÛP-q-n¤Å-ˆÛ-Å-ºôG-GÛ-ŸÛP-Vß-ºiïm-HÛ-»ôh-¼ïhü hqï¼-mü ¤Û-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-P-¾-hqï-zÁh-ÅôP-ü hGôm-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Çoï-º²Ûm-‚ïh-¤Dm-ŸÛG-¼ïhü Dô-¼P-GÛ-P-¾-z;º-ÁG-GÛÅ-hï-ºi-Åï-z;G-ºGôG-GmP-mÅü P-±ôŸÛP-Vß-ºiïm-GbôP-hï-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôh-¤-¼ïhü ºôm-ˆP-ü P-±ôºÛ-ºFÛh-ˆÛ-M-G¼-ŸÛP-q-n¤Å-ˆÛÅ-Å-ºôG-mÅ-Vß-ºfïm-mÅü hqï¼-mü ÇSôm-¤-P-±ôºÛ-hGôm-qºÛ-mP-G»ôG-qô-¤Û-Z¤Å-VßP-ŸÛG-»ôh-q-hïÅü Å-ºôG-mÅ-Vß-ºiïm-qÅ-hïP-ÅP-º±ôz-»G-qô-VGÅ-mÅ-Ç~G-Ç~G-ZôÅ-qü ¤-¸h-¤ô-^ôºP-Zô-GÛ-»Ûm-¸ï¼-HÛ-ºhÝG-TïÅ-zÁh-ÅôP-ü ¯-zºÛ-z;º-ÁG-GÛhGôPÅ-q-zŸïÅ-xôGÅ-hï-GŸÛ-M-Vïm-qôºÛ-fôG-mÅ-Å-ºôG-GÛ-Vß-ÆâP-BôzÅ-‚ïh-Mã-hï-ºiºÛ-fôG-¾-hGôPÅ-q-zŸïÅ-q-»Ûm¤ôhü Zï-ºDô¼-HÛ-M-G¼-ŸÛP-q-±ôÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Vïm-qôºÛ-PP-mÅ-Å-ºôG-GÛ-ŸÛP-Vß-»¼-ºfïm-HÛ-»ôh-mü P-±ôÅ-¤-ºfïm-q¼zÇkh-q-hï-¾ü HôP-¤-GbôGÅ-ÆâP-BôzÅ-‚ïh-»Å-¾-wm-HÛ-¤Ûm-ºhÝG ‚Å-®P-hïºÛ-fôG-¾-hGôPÅ-q-ŸÛG-zŸïżôGÅ-GmP-ŸïÅ-ŸÝ-»Å-hP-ü hï-mÅ-h-GÛm-XïÅ-im-HÛ-IôÅ-ºV¼-»ÛG-V-ÍP- 3 q-hïºÛ-mP-¾-zôh-mP-Gôh-VGÅ‚ãP-z-hï-hP-hïºÛ-mP-¾-¾-hÐGÅ-GÛ-hï-zTßG-¼ôGÅ-GmP-ŸïÅü IôÅ-ºV¼-ºhôm-¤Dm-HÛÅ-»ÛG-V-z=¤-qºÛ-mP-¤ÛmºhÝG-ˆP-ü hïºÛ-mP-Vh-¾ÞÅ-ºHã¼-mÅ-zTßG-¼ôGÅ-GmP-ŸïÅ-GÅÞPÅ-»ôh-¼ïhü P-¼P-»Ûm-m-¾-hÐGÅ-hP-ºƒï¾»ôh-VGÅ-»ôh-hÝÅü ¾-hÐGÅ-mP-‚ãP-zºÛ-º‚ãP-zºÛ-Gôh-VGÅ-hïü M-G¼-HÛ-GŸÛÅ-VGÅ-DG-mP-‚ãP-¥ôP-zºÛº‚ãP-zºÛ-Gôh-VGÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Vï-ÁôÅ-hï-¼ïh-im-HÛ-ºhÝG P-±ô¼-ÇezÅ-¾ïGÅ-q-ŸÛG-¾-&GôP-Å-¤VôG-hP-¤VôG-GÅÞ¤HÛ-‚Ûm-¤fÞ-¾-zdïm-mÅü TôG-¾¤-ż-¼P-¾-»Þ¾-¤Û-¾-‚ãP-z-mP-zŸÛm-HÛ-Gôh-VGÅ-ÇkÝG-qô-hï-ºi-¼P-‚ãP-»ôh-¤¼ïhü »Ûm-mºP-ü Å-DÞ¾-hï-¾-‚ãP-zºÛ-º‚ãP-zºÛ-Gmôh-q-hï-ÁÝGÅ-Vï-ÁôÅ-ÁÛG-VGÅ-»ôh-ˆP-ü hï-h-GÛm-hïºÛ-mP-¿ËGmÅ-»¼-zTßG-¼ôGÅ-¸ï¼-¾z-hÝÅü ¤fôP-VßP-‚Å-ÅôP-zŤ-q-ŸÛG-im-ÅôP.ü hï-Å-GmÅ-¤P-±ôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-ÁïÅ-ÅôPmºP-ü ¤fôP-±ß¾-hï-hP-zŤ-±ß¾-hï-ºi-ŸÛG-bm-bm-»ôP-GÛ-¼ïh-im-ÅôP-ü ‚Å-®P-ü ±ôGÅ-iâP-¾Å-DÞPÅ-ˆÛfôG-mÅ-XïÅ-im-»ÛG-V-ÍP-GÅÞ¤-q-hï¼-»¼-zTßG-hGôÅ-»Åü hï-±ô-±P-¤-»¼-zTßG-mÅ-»ÛG-V-Gż-q-ŸÛGºIï¤Å-Çtï¾-GmP-q-»Ûm-m-¸Ûm-fôºÛ-mP-hÝ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-»G-qô-ŸÛG-zÇkh-ˆÛ-¼ïh-zŤ-q-ŸÛG-hP-ü hï-zŸÛm-zÅôh124


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ºDôh-mÅ-±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-hï-ºi-±ßGÅ-q-¼ïhü ±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-hï-±ßGÅ-qºÛ-Å-GmÅ-DG-GÛ-h;º-P¾-hôm-±m-DG- 5 »ôh¼ïhü hï-hG-GÛ-fôG-¾-hGôPÅ-zŸïÅ-GmP-GÛ-»ôh-¼ïh-mP-ÆÛh-hP-z;º-ÁG-¾-ŸÝ-hGôÅ-q-hP-ü GŸm-zŤ-±ß¾hôm-±m- 15 »ôh-q-hP-hï-ºi-ŸÛG-GÅÞPÅ-zŸG hï-ºi-»Ûm-hÝÅ-hôm-±m-DG 5 hï-G-¼ï-»Ûm-m¤ü GŸÛÅVGÅ-hï-±ôºÛ-h;º-P¾-hôm-±m-¿S-¾-zOÛ¾-fÞz-ˆÛ-»ôh-mü hï-Ÿï-iG-½ÀzÅ-Vïm-¼ïh-zŤ-mÅ-P-hï-¾-»-¤±m-ºi-qôBïÅ-ÅôP-ü ‚Å-®P-hôm-±m-¿S-hï-G-¼ï-»Ûm-¤Ûm-Gž-zÁh-GmP-¼ôGÅ-GmP-ŸÝÅ-q-»Ûmü hï-mÅ-ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-GÛ-fôG¾-GmÅ-±ß¾-GTÛG-ŸÝ-»Å-¾ü PÅ-ÇSôm-¤-ºhÅ-qºÛ-hÝÅ-¾-IôÅ-±ôGÅ-mP-TÛG-ŸÝÅ-»ôhü h-¾ôºÛ-¾ô-ºi-qô-ºhÛ-¾-VzŸG-mü ¤-ÅÞ-¼ÛºÛ-zôh-GŸÝP-Gbm-ÇÀôz-ºhÛ-iâG-Tß-f¤-qºÛ-¾ô-¾-fôG-¤¼-z®ßGÅ-mÅü ¼Û¤-qÅ-P-±ô-z®m-‚ô¾ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-GÛ-¾Å-GŸÛ-ºhÛ-ºGô-z®ßGÅ-q-¼ïhü hïºÛ-¾ô-¿S-zTß-ºDô¼-HÛ-»ôh-¼ïhü hï-ºi-ÅôP-®P-ü hï¼-P-±ôºÛ-ÁïÅ-¼ÛGGÛ-¾Å-GŸÛºÛ-fôG-¾-G¾-Vïm-qô-ŸÛG-VGÅ-ˆÛ-»ôh-hÝÅü hï¼-ÆâP-z¯Û-ŸÛG-GmP-z¼-hGôPÅ-zŸïÅ-GmP-m-ŸïÅ-Pźzôh-Ç+ݾ-ŸÝÅ-»ôh-¼ïh-hïü hï-ºiºÛ-fôG-¼P-GŸÝP-¼P-GÛ-fôG-mÅ-hGôPÅ-zŸïÅ-GmP-hGôÅ-‚Å-mÅü h-¾ô-±ôGÅIzÅ-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôh-¼ïhü hï-ºi-PÅ-ÁïÅ-¤-‚ãP-ü »Ûm-»P-ZÛm-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-ÇSôm-¾-GmÅ-±ß¾-ŸÛG-º‚ô¼-»Å-¾-¤-ÅÞ-¼Û-Gbm-ÇÀôz-¼P-GÛ-PôÅ-mÅ-¾ô-¿S-zTߺÛ-hÝÅ-im-TÛG-xÛ¹- 10 qºÛ-±ïÅ- 25 ¾-hï-ºi-ŸÛG-‚ïh-¯ÛÅ-»ôh-Å-¼ïhü hï-ºi-ÅôP-®P-ü ÁïÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¾Å-DÞPÅ-ˆÛ-fôG-mÅhï-ºiºÛ-fôG-¾-hGôPÅ-zŸïÅ-G-¼ï-GmP-»ôh-h¤ü ¤-ÅÞ-¼Û-Gbm-ÇÀôz-ˆÛ-¾ô-¿S-zTß-ºDô¼-zºÛ-hÝÅ-im-TÛG-GmP-GÛ»ôh-mü hïºÛ-Ç+ô¼-¾-¤Eïm-dôGÅ-bm-bm-»ôh-ˆÛ-¼ïhü ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¾Å-DÞPÅ-ˆÛÅ-hïºÛ-Ç+ô¼-¾-¤Z¤-ŸÝGÅ-GmP-»ÅˆÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛ-ºi-zô-G-¼ï-»ôh-h¤-TïÅ-ŸÝÅ-q-»Ûmü hôm-±m-GŸm-q-ŸÛG-¾-&GôP-Å-BzÅ-¤Gôm-Vïm-qôÅü m-mÛPÁïÅ-¼ÛG-±ôGÅ-Vïm-¼ïhü hï-¤Ûm-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-D-ÁÅ-ˆÛ-fôG-¾-h-z¼-hÝ-P-±ôºÛ-¤Û-ºzô¼-hï-»¼-MÅ-¾-¤-xÛm-q-»Ûm®P-ü ÇÀôz-IÔ-DG-GÛ-mP-ÇÀôz-yâG-¤-ºhP-zºÛ-h;º-P¾-»ôh-q-»Ûm-®P-ü º²Ûm-IÔ-ÇKô-MG-hGôÅ-q-hP-ü ÇÀôz-IÔGP-qô-ÇKô-MG-hGôÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-»ôP-GÛ-»ôh-q-»Ûm-®P-ü hï-ºiºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-»ôP-GÛ-»ôh-hÝÅü hï-¾-ÈÛ-¤-¾-»ºÛ¼ÛGÅ-Mãh-ˆÛ-zÞ-yâG-hï-±ô-P-±ôºÛ-ÇÀôz-IÔ-DG-mP-zTßG-q-»Ûm-mü Eh-q¼-GP-»P-»ôh-¤-¼ïh-TïÅ-z;º-TÛG-wïzÅ»ôh-¼ïhü hï-ÇSôm-¾Å-zÇkô¤Å-mP-¾ºP-ÈÛ-¤-¾-»ºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-zMãh-ˆÛ-»Þ¾-¤ÛºÛ-yâ-GÝ-GP-º±¤Å-TÛG-ºWâG-GÛ-»ôh-qºÛIPÅ-fô-TÛG-Gž-HÛ-ºhÝG hï-ºi-»Ûm-®P-ü P-¼P-hP-ºƒï¾-z-VGÅ-qºÛ-¾-hÐGÅ-ÇÀï-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-zôh-EÛ¤-hPºƒôG-qºÛ-Å-V-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-zôh-EÛ¤-HÛ-ÇÀôz-IÔ-DG-GZÛÅ-»ôh-¼ïhü hï-±ôºÛ-mP-¾-¾-hÐGÅ-»Þ¾-¤ÛºÛ-zÞ-yâG-GP-¾-GPº±¤Å-ºWâG-GÛ-»ôh-¼ïhü hï-±ô-zTßG-ÇePÅ-hï-G®ô-zô-¾-hÐGÅ-ÇÀï-HÛ-zôh-EÛ¤-HÛ-PïÅ-Çeôm-q-Dô-¼P-¼P-GÛ-hGôPźV¼-HÛ-ÇeïP-mÅ-zTßG-q-¼ïh-¤-GbôGÅü hï-¾-h¤ÛGÅ-zž-HÛ-¾¤-hP-¾ÞGÅ-Æô¾-TÛG-¤Û-ºhÝG Å-GmÅ-GTÛGmÅ-ÇSôm-¤-&BzÅ-¤Gôm-Xï-z®ßm-qh-¤-¾GÅ-hzÞ-º²Ûm-»Ûm-qºÛ-Ç+zÅ-¾ü Å-GmÅ-¤Û-¤P-GÛÅ-zhï-ÇkÝG-ŸÝÅ-mÅEïh-¼P-±ôºÛ-zÞ-yâG-¿S-¿S-¾ô-¿e¼-¼ï¼-ºWâG-hGôÅ-GÅÞPÅ-qºÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-zž-Tm-ŸÛG-VGÅ-»ôh-¼ïh-¤-GbôGÅü GŸm-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-Gbm-¾-ºDï¾-z-TÛG-h¤ÛGÅ-zž-»ôh-Å-¤-¼ïhü ‚P-fP-GÛ-Å-DÞ¾-hGݺÛ-mP-ü P-±ôºÛ-zôhqºÛ-ºƒôG-q-±ôÅ-G-¼ï-ŸÝ-GÛ-ºhÝG-ŸÝÅ-mü G-hÝÅ-»Ûm-mºP-¾ô-mÅ-¾ô-zÇeàh-mÅ-»Þ¾-¤ÛÅ-zôh-qºÛ-ºƒôG-q-±ôºÛ-fôG-¾¤fôP-VßP-hP-Eh-GÅôh-hP-ÇoP-VßP-GbôP-»Å-hï-ÁÝGÅ-Vï-¼Þ-Vï-¼Þ-ºIô-GÛ-ºhÝG ¯Ó-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-»Ûm-mºP-ÇSôm-¾-Dô-±ô126


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