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±ôGÅ-G®ô-Çtïm-q-±ï-¼ÛP-¤VôG-mÅü uÛ-ºfÞÅ-PG-hzP-¿Ë-¤ô-¾GÅü
9
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¤ô¾-hP-fh-;¼-ºƒï¾-z-»ôh-qºÛ-IôÅ-GŸÛ-ŸÛG-¼ïhü »Ûm-m-»P-M-xôGÅ-mÅ-hïºÛ-fôG-IôÅ-¤ô¾-‚ïhfzÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-±ÛG-fG-G®P-GTôh-‚Å-q¼-zdïm-xÛ-¾ô- 1991 GÅÞ¤-hÝÅ-GÅÞP-ºyÛm-mP-&GôP-ŤVôG-GÛÅü PÅ-¾ÞP-iPÅ-ˆÛ-»ôhü ‘‘¤Û-¼ÛP-z¼-M-xôGÅ-mÅ-DÞ¼-¾ïm-Gż-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-¤-‚ãP-±ï-PôÅmÅ-ÅÛ-c-Ç~G-bà-zbôm-qºÛ-IôÅ-ºV¼-ºhÛ-hG-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-ºGm-DÞ¼-GP-»P-¤ïhü’’ TïÅhP.ü »P-xÛ-¾ô- 1992 GÅÞ¤-hÝÅ-GÅÞP-ºyÛm-mP-ü PÅ-¾ÞP-iPÅ-ˆÛ-»ôhü ‘‘¾ô-GÅÞ¤-HÛ-GôP-hÝzbôm-qºÛ-ÅÛ-c-Ç~G-GÛ-IôÅ-ºV¼-¼P-zŸÛm-mÝÅ-¤ïh-¾-Hã¼-¸Ûmü’’ ŸïÅ-Gž-qô¼-z;º-GmP-¸Ûm-q-¿e¼ü hï-mÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-ˆÛ-»ÛG-V-hP-hzÞ-¤ºÛ-¾¤-HÛ-¼ÛG-qºÛ-GŸÝP-¾ÞGÅ-®¤-¤-GbôGÅ-zôh-M-ºƒï¾-¤ô¾-HÛ-IôÅGŸÛ-¤Ûm-q-Gž-qô-VGÅ-¸Ûm-q-ŸÛG-¼ïhü G] xÛ-¾ô- 2002 mÅ-ºƒï¾-¤ô¾-zB¼-¤fÞh-‚ãP-XïÅ-M-mG-GÛ-zŤ-±ß¾-DG-¾-hGôPÅ-zŸïh-GmP-mÅü &GôP-Å-¤VôG-GÛ-z;º-GmP-xôGÅ-hï-xÛ-¾ô- 2004 mÅ-ºHã¼-z-¼Û¤-q¼-xÛm-q-¼ïhü hïÅ-±P-¤ºÛGÅm-»ôh-¼ïh-¤-GbôGÅ-¤-GÅm-q-hï-ºi-¤-¼ïhü 2004 GÅÞ¤-hÝÅ-GÅÞP-ºyÛm-mP-¾ü ¾ÞP-iPÅ-ˆÛ»ôhü ‘‘M-mG-¤Û-h¤PÅ-uÛ-¤fÞm-M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-Oô¤-GŸÛºÛ-mP-GmÅ-qºÛ-fôG-mÅ-zôh-ˆÛ-Gmh-hôm-Åï¾fzÅü’’ ŸïÅ-GÅÞPÅ-»ôh-¼ïhü M-mG-¤Û-h¤PÅ-uÛ-¤fÞm-M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-Oô¤-GŸÛºÛ-mP-¸ï¼-zºÛ-±ÛG-hï-zïhuôh-GmP-»Å-hP-qô- 2004 »Û-GÅÞP-ºyÛm-mP-¾-¼ïhü xÛ-¾ô- 2005 ¾ôºÛ-GÅÞP-ºyÛm-mP- ‘‘MmG-¤Û-h¤PÅ-uÛ-¤fÞm-M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-Oô¤-GŸÛºÛ-mP-GmÅ-Mã-ºôÅ-ºhï¤Å-‚-Mã-»Ûmü’’ ŸïÅ-hï-¾Å-Gž-zôŸÛG-z;º-GmP-»ôh-¼ïhü xÛ-¾ô- 2005 ¹- 11 ±ïÅ- 18 ZÛm-º²¤-JÀÛP-IôÅ-±ôGÅ-zôh-hôm-Mz-Bô¼±ôGÅ-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-Vïm-±ôGÅ-q-¼ïhü hïºÛ-fôG-¾-&GôP-Å-¤VôG-GÛÅ-GÅÞP-zÁh-MÅ-q-ŸÛG-GmP-»ôhü GÅÞP-zÁh-hï-h‚Ûm-WÛºÛ-mP-¼ïhü hïÅ-ºHã¼-z-hï-ŸÝ-GÛ-»ôhü M-mG-¤Û-h¤PÅ-uÛ-¤fÞm-M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-¯FÛ¤Å-ˆÛ-Oô¤-GŸÛºÛ-mP-¼P-ÆÛh-¼P-BôP-z®¾-Mã-»Ûm-ŸïÅ-z;º-GmP-»ôh-¼ïhü xÛ-¾ô- 2006 ¾ôºÛGÅÞ¤-hÝÅ-GÅÞP-ºyÛm-mP-ü PÅ-¾ÞP-iPÅ-ˆÛ-»ôhü ‘‘¤-ºôPÅ-zôh-ˆÛ-¤hÝm-¾¤-D-ƒ¾-¤Ûm-q¼-M-mG¤Û-h¤PÅ-uÛ-¤fÞm-M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-¯-FÛ¤Å-ˆÛ-Oô¤-GŸÛºÛ-mP-mÅ-º±ô¾-fzÅ-‚-Mã-»Ûmü’’ ŸïÅ-GôP-hÝ-Oô¤GŸÛ-¸ï¼-z-h-hÝP-Gž-hÝ-zbP-mÅ-º±ô¾-fzÅ-‚-Mã-»Ûm-GÅÞPÅ-»ôh-¼ïhü xÛ-¾ô- 2007 ¾ôºÛ-GÅÞ¤hÝÅ-GÅÞP-ºyÛm-mP-PÅ-¾ÞP-iPÅ-ˆÛ-»ôhü ‘‘zôh-¼ÛGÅ-»ôPÅ-μôGÅ-GTÛG-Hã¼-HÛÅ-¼P-BôP-¯-FÛ¤ÅmP-Gž-zŸÛm-¤ÛP-hôm-¤±ßPÅ-q-ŸÛG-»ôP-fzÅ-‚ïh-Mãü’’ ŸïÅ-z;º-GmP-q-¼ïhü hï-zŸÛm-hÝ-xÛ-¾ô2007 ¹- 10 ±ïÅ- 17 ZÛm-Í-¼Û¼-GÅï¼-HÛ-G¸ïPÅ-dGÅ-zŸïÅ-Ç+zÅ-ˆÛ-GÅÞP-zÁh-mP-¾ü PžÞP-iPÅ-ˆÛ-»ôhü ‘‘M-mG-¤Û-h¤PÅ-uÛ-¤fÞm-M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-¯-FÛ¤Å-hP-ü M-mG-M¾-ÆÛh-uÛ-Ez-DPmÅ-zbôm-qºÛ-zôh-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-Å-GmÅ-¼P-BôP-¿YôPÅ-ˆÛ-Ç+ô¼-ÁôG-zÞ-h;¼-qô-¸ï¼-zºÛ-»ÛG-VºÛ-mP-hÝ-ŸÛzGž-ºDôh-q-¿e¼-zôh-¾-hôm-hP-¿km-qºÛ-¼P-BôP-ŸÛG-zOæz-fÞz-qºÛ-fôG-ºzz-hGôÅü’’ ŸïÅ-hP.ü hïG-mP-zŸÛm-xÛ-¾ô- 2008 ¹- 3 ±ïÅ- 28 ZÛm-M-¼ÛGÅ-»ôPÅ-¾-z°¾-zºÛ-»ôPÅ-Ez-ˆÛ-ºzôh-Ç+ݾGmP-»ôh-¼ïhü hïºÛ-mP-¾ü PÅ-¾ÞP-iPÅ-ˆÛ-»ôhü ‘‘zôh-¼ÛGÅ-»ôPÅ-¾-¤ÛP-hôm-¤±ßPÅ-qºÛ-¤Û-¼ÛGÅÅ-GmÅ-¼P-BôP-ºfôz-fzÅ-‚Å-q-»Ûmü hï-mÛ-M-mG-¤Û-h¤PÅ-uÛ-¤fÞm-M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-¯-FÛ¤Å-mP-zôh38
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uÛ-ºfÞÅ-n¤-qü &GôP-Å-¤VôG-GÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-n¤-q-GZÛÅü Ç+Ý-±z-hôm-GTôh-»ôPÅ-μôGÅü l-ż-GmÅ-ºDôh-GŸÝP-ŸzÅ-iâP-ºw¼-»m-»ôPÅ-μôGÅ-hP.ü ¸ÞP-iâP-¤m-HÛ-GmÅ-¼Û¤-Åô-ÅôºÛ-ºfÞÅ-¤Û-GZÛÅ-¼ïü Å-GmÅ-ºfÞÅ-¤ÛºÛ-±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-DG-GÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-GZÛÅ-¼ï-hP.ü Å-ºfÞÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-Å-GmÅ-DG-mÅ-¤Û¤P-GÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-¼ïü [uÛ-¤ôÅü] Å-GmÅ-ºGô-º²Ûm-»ôPÅ-μôGÅü Å-GmÅ-¼P-zhïm-±ôGÅ-VßP-DG-GÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-¼ïü ºyôh-zÇeïm-Ez-DôPÅ-Ǩm-DP-DG-GÛ-ºGm-º²Ûm-hP-ºƒï¾-¤fÞh-qü xÛ-M¾-»Þ¾-Iâ-DG-GÛ-zôh-¼ÛGÅ-q-hP.ü uÛ-¤fÞm-±ôGÅ-q-n¤Å-ˆÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-¼ïü [uÛ-¤ôÅü] [xÛ-iÛ¾-¾Å-DÞPÅ-zMãhü] GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-¤Ûm-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-DG-mÅ-Ç+Ý-±z-GZÛÅ-¼ïü [uÛ-¤ôÅü] (GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-¤Ûm-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-DG-GÛ-¤±m-GŸÝP-¸Þ¼-º²¼-hP-qôü) VôÅ-zMãh-Vïm-qô-zŸÛ-hP.ü G»ÞP-iâP-zôm-zTÅ-Åô-ÅôºÛ-IÔ-z®ßm-Ç+Ý-±z-iâG-¼ïü [uÛ-¤ôÅü] ÇÀôz-IÔ-DG-Åô-ÅôºÛ-ºGm-º²Ûm-hP-ÇÀôz-uÛü ÁïÅ-»ôm-ºGm-º²Ûm-zTÅ-¼ï-¼ïü zôh-ÇÀôz-º²Ûm-±ôGÅü zôh-yâG-EÛ¤-Çkïü ¤-ÅÞ-¼Û-zôh-EÛ¤-hP-Ť-„Ëô-^-zTÅ-ˆÛ-¤hÝm-¾¤ÇÀôz-Çeôm-qºÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-¼ïü [uÛ-¤ôÅü] ¼P-BôP-Çkï-±m-DG-GÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-¼ïü(¼P-BôP-Çkï-±m-HÛ-¤±m-GŸÝP-¸Þ¼-º²¼-GZÛÅ-qü)[uÛ-¤ôÅü] zôh-Ǩm-hP-xÛ-¾ÞGÅ-Ǩm-qºÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-GZÛÅ-¼ïü (ºyôh-zÇeïm-¾Å-DÞPÅ-zMãhü) [uÛ-¤ôÅü] Mãm-¿km-zôh-hôm-fôG-fÞGÅ-ÇoP-hP-ºGm-ºDÞ¼-¾Å-ºGݾ-GmP-¤Dmü ¤DÅ-hzP.ü Vïh¾Å-qü uÛ-±ôGÅ-ŸzÅ-ŸÝ-z-zTÅ-¤Z¤-ŸÝGÅ-GmP-ºhôh-»ôh-¼ÛGÅ-mÅ-hP-„ÀPÅ-wïzŤDm-IPÅ-M-z¾-ºƒâG-GÅÞ¤-mÅ- 25 hï-¤Ûm-mÅ- 25 ¾Å-¤-¤P-z-zTÅü [uÛ-¤ôÅü]
5] IôÅ-GŸÛü Vz-ÆÛh-hP-ü ¤P-G®ô-ºwï¾-MÅü VôÅ-hP-¼ÛG-GŸÝP.ü GŸÛÅ-VGÅ-Æ-zdmü ÁïÅ-»ômü ºyôhzÇeïmü hq¾-º‚ô¼ü zôh-hôm-iÛ¾-zOGÅ-hP-M-z¾-ºƒâG-GÅÞ¤-wÞh-D-ºfô¼-zôh-¤ÛºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅÇ+ô¼ü zôh-hôm-zhïm-¤fº-Gž-fzÅ-hP-ü z®m-‚ô¾-hÝ-¤P-G®ô-hzÞ-z½‰ïÅ-mÅ-¤Û-¾ô-ÉÛ¾-qô- 50 ºDô¼-Zï-hP-zÇeàm-ºhÅ-qºÛ-Z¤Å-¥ôP-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-HÛÅ-¤-ºôPÅ-¾ïGÅ-Çtï¾-‚-xôGÅ-WÛ-hGïºÛ-Ç+ô¼-±ôGÅVßP-±P-¤ºÛ-mP-IôÅ-zÇkݼ-GmP-hGôÅü [uÛ-¤ôÅü] 99
6] ¾Å-¼Û¤ü ÇS-iô-±ßôh- 9ü30 mÅ-xÛ-iô-±ßôh- 5ü00 z¼ü ±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-ZÛm-hP-qô¼-hzÞ-º‚ïh-hP.ü hï-XïÅ-IôÅ-GŸÛ-GŸÛ¼-z¸ÞP-Åô-ÅôºÛ-¾Å-hôm-hP-ü h¤ÛGÅ-zžfÞGÅ-ÇoP-WÛ-»ôh-¿e¼-±ôGÅ-VßP-V-zGôÅ-ˆÛÅ-ZÛm-zŸÛºÛ-¼ÛP-zIô-JÀïP-ŸÛz-¿ËàG-GmP-Çeïü ZÛm-¤fº-¤GZÛÅ-¼ÛP-±ôGÅ-VßP-Åô-ÅôºÛ-Mz-GZï¼-n¤Å-uÛ-¤ôÅ-»Ûm-±ï-zXôh-¤ïh-hP-ü hï-¤Ûm-Gmh-hôm-Åô-Åô¼-MzBô¼-hP-hGG-‚-‚-¤ÛºÛ-IPÅ-±h-D-Gž-z;ôh-hï-±ôGÅ-Vïm-hÝ-wÞ¾-fôG-zIô-JÀïP-GmP-Mãü hï-hGxôGÅ-zÇkô¤Å-ˆÛÅ-Mz-GZï¼-»ÛG-V-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-hP-ü ±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-¤WâG-zÇkô¤Å-GmP-Mãü [uÛ-¤ôÅü]
7] ±ôGÅ-VßP-V-zGôÅü
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101
V] ºyôh-zÇeïmü 1ü ¤²h-G®ô-n¤-qü 2ü ºyôh-zÇeïm-¾Å-DÞPÅ-ˆÛ-GŸÝP-ŸzÅü 2ü 3ü zôh-ˆÛ-GÅô-z-¼ÛG-qºÛ-VïÅ-¤fôºÛ-Ǩm-qºÛ-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü 3ü 4ü hzÞÅ-Ǩm-¯ÛÅ-DP.ü 4ü 5ü zhï-¾ïGÅ-Ǩm-DP.ü 5ü 6ü zôh-Ǩm-hP-xÛ-¾ÞGÅ-Ǩm-qºÛ-Ç+Ý-±zü 6ü 7ü ºyôh-zÇeïm-Ez-DôPÅ-Ǩm-DP-DG-GÛ-ºGm-º²Ûm-hP.ºƒï¾-¤fÞh-qü 7ü 8ü GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-¤Ûm-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-hP-ü hÐP-„ÀPÅ-fÞGÅ-ÇoP-Tmü 8] ¤WâG-Gmôm-GmP-xôGÅü ±ôGÅ-Vïm-HÛ-¤fº-¤ºÛ-Mz-GZï¼-n¤Å-º²Ûm-BôP-hP-IôÅ-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-¤-ºôPÅ-¾Å-hôm-‚ïh-xôGÅ-ˆÛ-¾¤Çeôm-hÝ-GmÅ-zzÅ-hP-zÇeàm-bï-¤WâG-Gmôm-GmP-Mãü 9] ±ôGÅ-iâP.ü ±ôGÅ-iâP-GÛ-¾Å-ºGm-OÛG-Æô¾-¿e¼-±ôGÅ-iâP-¾Å-DÞPÅ-mÅ-ºGm-zŸïÅ-GmP-Mã-hP.ü ¾Å-‚-ºw¼-¤-WÛhGôÅ-z;º-ÁG-mÅ-Gô-OÛG-ŸÝ-Mã-zTÅü zôh-¤Û-¤P-uÛ-ºfÞÅ-¿Ëm-±ôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-uÛ-¤ôÅ-Ť-¤P-¤ôÅ-IôÅ-Vôh-hÝ-xÛ-¾ô2009 2010 ¹- 9 3 ±ïÅ- 15 ¾üü uÛ-ºfÞÅ-;©-»ï-ÁïÅ-¾GÅü ¾Å-¼Û¤-n¤-GŸG-GÅÞP-¼ôGÅ-GmP.ü
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102
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2] ±ôGÅ-hÝÅü xÛ-¾ô- 2010 ¹- 8 ±ïÅ- 26 ¼ïÅ-G¸º-wÞ¼-zÞ-mÅ-±ïÅ- 31 ¼ïÅ-G¸º-¤ÛG-h¤¼-z¼-ZÛm-iâG 3] ±ôGÅ-»Þ¾ü M-G¼-¿Ëô-xôGÅ-Ç~ï¾-;ôzü 4] ±ôGÅ-¤ÛºÛ-»ôP-DÞPÅü ;] FÛ¤Å-ŸÛz-q-Vï-z-hP-FÛ¤Å-ŸÛz-q-GŸm-GZÛÅü D] z;º-„Àôm-FÛ-q-hP-z;º-„Àôm-n¤-qü G] ¼P-hzP-Tm-HÛ-Çkï-±m-DG-GÛ-ºGm-º²Ûm-n¤-qü P] uÛ-ºfÞÅ-n¤-qü T] Å-GmÅ-ºfÞÅ-¤ÛºÛ-±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-DG-GÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-GZÛÅ-¼ï-hP.ü Å-ºfÞÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-Å-GmÅ-DG-mÅ-¤Û¤P-GÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-¼ïü V] Å-GmÅ-¼P-zhïm-±ôGÅ-VßP-DG-GÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-¼ïü W] xÛ-M¾-»Þ¾-Iâ-DG-GÛ-zôh-¼ÛGÅ-±ôGÅ-q-hP.ü zôh-¼ÛGÅ-uÛ-¤fÞm-±ôGÅ-q-n¤Å-ˆÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-¼ïü [xÛ-iÛ¾-¾Å-DÞPÅ-zMãhü] Z] GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-¤Ûm-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-DG-mÅ-Ç+Ý-±z-GZÛÅ-¼ïü (GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-¤Ûm-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-DG-GÛ-¤±m-GŸÝP-¸Þ¼-º²¼-hP-qôü) b] VôÅ-zMãh-Vïm-qô-zŸÛ-hP.ü G»ÞP-iâP-zôm-zTÅ-Åô-ÅôºÛ-IÔ-z®ßm-Ç+Ý-±z-iâG-¼ïü f] zôh-ÇÀôz-º²Ûm-±ôGÅü zôh-yâG-EÛ¤-Çkïü ¤-ÅÞ-¼Û-zôh-EÛ¤-hP-Ť-„Ëô-‡-zTÅ-ˆÛ-¤hÝm-¾¤-ÇÀôzÇeôm-qºÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-¼ïü h] ¼P-BôP-Çkï-±m-DG-GÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-¼ïü (¼P-BôP-Çkï-±m-HÛ-¤±m-GŸÝP-¸Þ¼-º²¼-GZÛÅ-qü) m] zôh-Ǩm-hP-xÛ-¾ÞGÅ-Ǩm-qºÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-GZÛÅ-¼ïü (ºyôh-zÇeïm-¾Å-DÞPÅ-zMãhü)
103
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