PASSIVE GREEN STRATEGIES CASE STUDIES

PASSIVE

GREEN

BUILDING

CASE

STUDIES CHRISTINE SEE SUK-CHING GAN ZHI YIE KATHLEEN CHAN JING XIN LINA TIONG YIT ZHEN

0334180 0331785 0334323 0334481

CONTENTS

01 02 03 04 05 06

07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA INTRODUCTION SITE PLANNING & STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING DAY LIGHTING FACADE DESIGN NATURAL VENTILATION ACTIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES

03 04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12

GLOBAL CHANGE INSTITUTE 13 INTRODUCTION 14 SITE PLANNING & STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING 15-16 DAY LIGHTING 17-18 FACADE DESIGN 19-20 NATURAL VENTILATION 21 ACTIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO BUILDINGS 22-23 24 SPATIAL QUALITY & EXPERIENCE 25 CONCLUSION:POST OCCUPANCY REFERENCES

03

HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

BUILDING DATA

ARCHITECT HIJJAS KASTURI ASSOCIATES BUILDING TYPE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS

SITE AREA 4.8 ACRES

YEAR BUILT JULY 2014 BUILDING HEIGHT 25.8 METRES LOCATION PRECINCT 5, PUTRAJAYA FACILITIES EDUCATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL GREEN BUILDING INDEX (GBI) RATING PLATINUM

01

INTRODUCTION

FIRST PURPOSE-BUILT GREEN CAMPUS WHICH AIMS TO MAINTAIN A 67% RECYCLING RATE, IN LINE WITH ITS GLOBAL STANDARD CAMPUS INCLUDES A BUILT-IN CONTROL SYSTEM DRIVEN BY OVERALL THERMAL TRANSFER VALUE WHICH MEASURES ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF A/C AN ARCHING, FIRST LIVING-GRASS GREEN ROOF THAT CURVES FROM THE GROUND TO THE TOP SHADES BUILDING, REDUCES THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE AND AS OBSERVATION DECK LIGHTING 'POWERED' BY MAXIMUM USE OF DAYLIGHT THROUGH NATURAL GLAZING GLASS WITH NO BLINDS

04

HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

MORNING

AFTERNOON

EVENING

located along East-West axis facing North and South gives it greater exposure to the Southern sunlight.

The high summer sun has more impact on the horizontal surfaces of the green roof and the North and South facades are shaded by the overhangs of the green roof to minimizes direct solar heat gain.

The arching 300m long, 30m wide green roof curves from the ground to the top floor reinforces the concept of a ‘green continuum’ of the network of parks and open spaces along Putrajaya Lake.

Curved form of green roof increases the shading percentage

Building blocks behind the campus building are not more than 5 storeys to not block the panoramic view of the lake waterfront, The building campus height is around 3-6 storeys high

CIRCULATION

circulation and movement pattern on site is comprised of wide roads and high visual permeability as it is a stand-alone building, making it easy for way-finding with multiple entrances. facing the south .

SUN PATH

The morning Sun rising from the East is hotter and has a higher temperature in comparison to the evening Sun, which affects the heat on photosynthesis and well-being of the plants.

Vegetation aids in the cooling effect together with the water body which is the lake.

VEGETATION

Most of the planted vegetations are located towards the East of the site as the North-East monsoon brings in a greater amount of rain, which aids in the precipitation and growth of the vegetations.

NORTHEAST MONSOON

02

SITE PLANNING & STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING

05

HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

1

A T R I U M

A N D

S K Y L I G H T

Solar envelope of the building has the green roof which shades itself. It is an asset as there is a cool courtyard/atrium splayed in the middle of the building to promote natural ventilation as prevailing wind is coming from the South West.

The circular skylight at the top encourages maximum daylight into the building envelope, encouraging natural views to the sky and makes the entire space feel more spacious.

1

2

L A R G E

R O O F

O V E R H A N G S

A N D

THE CONCRETE PILOTISÂ SUPPORTS THE WEIGHT OF THE OVERHANG ROOF WHICH PROVIDES EXTRA SHADE. The overhang helped reduce solar heat gain in the building.

W I N D O W

2

P L A C E M E N T

LESS WINDOWS ARE PLACED AT THE EAST TO REDUCE SOLAR HEAT GAIN INTO THE BUILDING AND MORE WINDOWS ARE PLACED AT THE NORTH AND SOUTH TO PROVIDE VISUAL PERMEABILITY FOR NATURAL DAY LIGHTING

06

HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

1

L I G H T

B L U E

A N D

F L A T

S U R F A C E

W A L L

DIFFUSED REFLECTION. In places of hot climate, the outer walls ARE painted light color TO AVOID absorption OF any heat radiation from the sun which keep inside cool 2

H I G H

P L A C E D

W I N D O W S

TO increase direct solar gain. They are placed surrounding the light well to take in the lights into the interior spaces deeply

3

L I G H T

W E L L

Small, highly-reflective light wells 'collect' light and transmit to the interior of a building may be referred to as daylight systems or light tubes.

daylight KEPT into the core and down through voids cut into the floor plate by reflecting diffuse light into it AND provides daylight factor at a greater depth

LIGHT IS REFLECTED

AN ATrium entrance that leads to the lakeside promenade aims to maximise cross ventilation.

minimizeS the amount of artificial light and reduce electricity costs, AND lowerS HVAC costs .

03

DAY LIGHTING

The Covered Plaza is protected from the harsh tropical sun and the strategic positioning of slots and openings between the building blocks create shaded and breezy areas. it makes for spacious places in the building for receiving guests, also Create an airy yet welcoming atmosphere.

07

HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA L I B R A R Y

heat strengthen laminated glass (5mm), is intended for general glazing

the additional strength is desired to withstand wind load and thermal stress

8 A M

1 2 P M

Double volume ceiling and curtain wall lead natural light into library. the area covered by natural lighting is increased AND HAS Good use for users during daytime

1

T I N T E D

L A R G E

Artificial lighting is used due to minimal lighting entering into library during afternoon. Spaces by the window can still be used for study purposes

G L A S S

-5mm thick -Transmission factor up to 70% -Prevent district glare to users -Heat absorbing -By blocking UV rays, window tinting helps protect from fading and discoloration 2

Blue tints reduce glare and enhance color perception, WITH calming effect for “visual stress.”

S P A N

O P E R A B L E

3

L O W

E - G L A S S

W I N D O W

Maximize usage of natural lighting during daytime AND allows for increased air movement and circulation FOR plenty of fresh air into the BUILDING.

TRANSMIT HIGH AMOUNTS OF VISIBLE LIGHT AND REFLECT IR TRANSMIT HIGH LEVELS OF BOTH IR AND VISIBLE LIGHT REFLECTIVE COATED GLASSES ARE GENERALLY REFLECT THE MOST VISIBLE LIGHT

08

HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

LESS WINDOW FACING EAST REDUCES SOLAR HEAT GAIN AND pLACING MORE WINDOWS FACING SOUTH AND NORTH PROVIDES GREAT VIEW WHILE ALLOWS NATURAL DAYLIGHTING.

EAST FACADE

OVERHANG ROOF SUPPORTEDB BY PILOTISP ROVIDES SHADES

more windows facing north

Less windows facing east

SHADING COEFFICIENT OF OVERHANG ROOF

R1 =10000/ (3200X 4)Â =0.78 SC = 0.68

TIME : 9.00AM SHADING : 100% tHE SHADING DEVICES SHADE THE BUILDING UP TO 100% ON 9AM MORNING.

TIME : 11.00AM SHADING : 64% tHE SHADING DEVICES SHADE THE BUILDING UP TO 64% ON 11AM MORNING.

TIME : 12.00pm SHADING : 28% tHE SHADING DEVICES SHADE THE BUILDING UP TO 28% ON 12PM afternoon.

For the east facade,the shading device is effective as it gives the best shading effect during the morning when the sun rises from the east. east facade

04

FACADE DESIGN

09

HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA CALCULATION OF SHADING COEFFICIENT OF LOUVRES

NORTH FACADE

HORIZONTAL LOUVRES/MM VERTICAL LOUVRES/MM R1 R2 SHADING COEFFICIENT TOTAL SC difference from the original total sc

ORIGINAL 300 170 300/800=0.375 170/1000=0.170 0.59 0.75x0.59=0.44 0

THICKER 450 (-50%) 255 (+50%) 450/800=0.563 255/1000=0.255 0.52 0.75x0.52=0.39 -0.05

doubling the thickness of louvres will not make much difference in shading coefficient but will greatly increase the manufacturing cost, thus not recommended. overall, the existing (original) louvres are effective.

TIME : 9.00AM SHADING : 72% tHE SHADING DEVICES SHADE THE BUILDING UP TO 72% ON 9AM MORNING.

TIME : 11.00AM SHADING : 32% tHE SHADING DEVICES SHADE THE BUILDING UP TO 32% ON 11AM MORNING.

TIME : 4.00pM SHADING : 90% tHE SHADING DEVICES SHADE THE BUILDING UP TO 90% ON 4PM afternoon.

For the north facade,the shading device is effective and gives the best shading effect at 4pm which is the maximum shading effect.

HEAT STRENGTHENED LAMINATED GLASS (5MM) WITH LOW-E GLAZING

Low-E glassES reduces heat gain or loss by reflecting long-wave infrared energy (heat) and therefore, decreases the U-value and solar heat gain, and in doing so, improves the energy efficiency of the glazing.

It can withstand temperature difference of 100°C (in range of 50°C to 150°C) .

It is far less susceptible to spontaneous breakage.

Provides necessary resistance to thermal stress associated with high performance glazing materials. provides necessary resistance to heat building up when using spandrels glass.

10

HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

1

WIND DIRECTION

Wind is directed from South to North. The building is orientated towards the prevailing winds to allow the wind flow in to the building and natural ventilation to occur.

LAKE LAKE

2

WIND ROSE

3

ZONING

ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION AREA NATURAL VENTILATION AREA

FREquency : wind speed of 1.66 m/s for 20% from south towards the building average air temperature: 25°c relative humidity: 80% source:' windy' mobile application

4

LAKE BREEZE

The building cold during day, cold air will be transferred from the lake to the building and hot air will be transferred out of the building due to the differences of air pressure.

05

NATURAL VENTILATION

LAND low pressure land warmer

Lake high pressure land cooler

11

HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

1

ZONING

ATRIUM

ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION AREA NATURAL VENTILATION AREA Perforated screen LOUVRE AND OPENING LAKE ATRIUM

2

CORRIDORS & STAIRCASE

Clean air flows throughout the building at all times, and keep the temperature constant with the right amount of hot air and cool air. air intake on South-east elevation to covered plaza, exits from north side.

THERE are two completely openings opposite the walls in covered plaza, provides effective air movement through a building MS1525

OPENINGS: LET THE PREVAILING wind to flow into the building LOUVRE: HELP TO GUIDE THE WIND INTO THE BUILDING

Perforated screen :provide privacy and let the air flows out from the building

MS1525

The louvre and openings located at east, which is near where the wind directions comes from. the louvre on inlets are able to channel air intake

MINIMAL OBSTRUCTION FOR THE WIND PASS THROUGH. (ONLY THE LIFT AND THE BRIDGE ARE OBSTRUCTING THE WIND FLOW. -ORIENTATED TOWARDS THE PREVAILING WIND.( SOUTHEAST) -OPENINGS ON OPPOSITE WALLS FOR OPTIMUM CROSS VENTILATION EFFECTIVENESS.

STACK VENTILATION UBBL

UNIFORM BUILDING BY LAWS 1984 ,BY-LAW 39(3): School- minimum 10% of opening for such floor area

STAIRCASES THAT CONNECT THE LEVELS AND VOIDS BETWEEN SPACES ALLOW MAXIMUM WIND FLOW, CREATING A WIND TUNNEL EFFECT. THE HOT AIR TRAVEL UPWARD AND ESCAPE THROUGH HIGHER OPENINGS. PREVAILING WIND PREVENT THE HOT AIR FROM ESCAPING THE BUILDING THROUGH THE HIGHER OPENINGS AT NORTH SIDE, FACING TO THE LAKE

Floor area of covered plaza =17.5 square meter Natural Ventilation =10% of floor =10% x 17.5 square meters =1.75 square meters Opening areas = 2 openings x (3.08m x 6m) = 36.96 square meters Achieved the natural ventilation requirements

12

HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA THE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

outdoor unit three-pipe

heat recovery controller

refrigerant piping

indoor unit

1

V A R I A B L E

R E F R I G E R A N T

F L O W

( V R F )

conditioned by single or multiple outdoor condensing units, circulated within the building to multiple indoor units. IT allow for varying degrees of cooling in only certain areas, reducing energy consumption.

Highly energy efficient, Precise in temperature control, Simultaneous heating & cooling, Heat recovery, Zoned comfort.

Flexible & modular designs, Simpler to install,and easy to use controls.

heating area cooling area

deliverS cooling to some zones and heating to others, with no reheat needed (an air-source system is shown here) discharge pipe : high temperature liquid pipe : medium temperature suction pipe : low temperature

use refrigerant as the cooling and heating medium

system enables simultaneous heating and cooling operation bt each solenoid valve kit cooling

heating

heating

cooling

cooling

( same operation ) use a central source to supply cooling to a number of buildings

2

G A S

D I S T R I C T

C O O L I N G

( G D C )

chilled water from centraliZed district gas cooling plants is used for the air conditioning for added energy efficiency and reduced carbon emissions.

1. deep water intake 2. heat exchanger building 3. chilled freshwater loop

06

4. serviced buildings 5. river water discharge 6. air conditioning

ACTIVE STRATEGIES

ADVANTAGES Eco-efficient energy reduction of power generation infrastructure renewable and cheaper fuels 50% reduction in power consumption reduced green house gas emissions, flexibility of cooling load

13

GLOBAL CHANGE INSTITUTE

BUILDING DATA

ARCHITECT HASSELL ARCHITECTS PTY LTD BUILDING TYPE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS

CONSISTS OF SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND PILOTS INNOVATIVE SUSTAINABLE BUILDING SOLUTIONS

YEAR BUILT JULY 2013

STORES ALL POWER ON-SITE THROUGH RENEWABLE SOLAR ENERGY SOURCES WHERE POWER IS RETURNED BACK TO NATIONAL GRID

BUILDING HEIGHT 19.2 METRES LOCATION ST. LUCIA CAMPUS, BRISBANE FACILITIES EDUCATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL ESD RATING 6 STAR GREEN STAR SITE AREA 915 SQUARE METRES

07

INTRODUCTION

LOWERS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS THROUGH STRUCTURAL GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE HAS 60,000 LITRES RAINWATER STORAGE TANK WHICH SERVICES THE GCI BUILDING AND STEELE BUILDING ADJACENT TO IT

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GLOBAL CHANGE INSTITUTE

morning

afternoon

evening

it is Located in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. IT is oriented in an East-West orientation along the NorthSouth axis where the front of the building is facing the east. The building is located on a slope topography where it is sitting on the lowest ground from the west to the east where the higher ground is.

Orientation shows great exposure to the morning sun and receives more light during the summer than winter The height of the trees sitting on the slight slope topography shade the 19.2m building from the sunlight, giving proper and sufficient AMOUNT OF shade TO COOL THE PLACE. It does not completely block the sunlight from the sun, therefore penetration of daylight is still visible.

CIRCULATION

The circulation and movement pattern around the site has both wide and narrow pathways and located in a campus makes the permeability lower as there are other similar building envelope structures surrounding it, making way-finding more difficult for users.

SUN PATH

VEGETATION

The morning Sun rising from the East is hotter and has a higher temperature in comparison to the evening Sun, which affects the heat on photosynthesis and well-being of the plants.

Most vegetations are located towards the East of the site to shade and minimize heat reduction from the sun on the building

NORTHWEST MONSOON

08

SITE PLANNING & STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING

15

GLOBAL CHANGE INSTITUTE

1

E T F E

A T R I U M

R O O F

allows natural light into the interior while insulating from the sun’s heat Internal atrium is roofed by a triple skin operable ETFE roof pneumatically inflated pillows reduce solar loads into the atrium space during peak solar load periods. characterized by their long service life, low maintenance ,UV transparency and provides excellent sustainability. light weight material reduces the CO2 footprint useful for the building's thermal design.

2

A L S

S E N S O R - E N E R G Y

S A V I N G

GaugeS the conditions and changeS the lighting as necessary, whether that’s dimming, brightening or switching them on or off. prolong the lifetime of the luminaires when luminaires are not on unless the light is actually needed.

3

T I M B E R

M A T E R I A L

reflect light diffusely equally in all directions. The light color reflects more light. Timber is a natural insulator and can help reduce energy needs Rough surface IS GOOD for maximising natural daylight. When light rays from the sun reach the rough wooden surface, they are reflected irregularly WHICH means that light bounces back into all directions AFTER REACHING THE WOOD SURFACE.

09

DAY LIGHTING

16

GLOBAL CHANGE INSTITUTE NORTH FACADE SOLAR ARRAY

solar panels arranged in a group to capture maximum amount of sun light to convert it into usable electricity REFLECT DAYLIGHT DEEPER INTO BUILDING AND ALLOW ELECTRIC LIGHT TO BE MORE EFFICIENT REFLECTIVE CEILINGS

used in the building controls industry for a control system that reduces electric light in building interiors when daylight is available, in order to reduce energy consumption.

DIMMABLE FIXTURES WITH DAYLIGHT SENSORS

PERFORATED METAL PANELS

VIEWS

CONTROL GLARE FROM EASTERN SUN WHILE MAINTAINING VIEWS FROM INTERIOR

GLAZING PATTERN

THE PATTERN IS DERIVED FROM HEAT MAPPING

-MAXIMIZE DAYLIGHT

-MAXIMIZE VIEWS

-ACTIVATE CAMPUS EDGE

WEST FACADE

REFLECT DAYLIGHT DEEPER INTO BUILDING AND ALLOW ELECTRIC LIGHT TO BE MORE EFFICIENT

REFLECTIVE CEILINGS

DIMMABLE FIXTURES WITH DAYLIGHT SENSORS

allow light to penetrate through the building, also designed to shade near the windows, due to the overhang of the shelf, and help reduce window glare.

LIGHT SHELVES

PERFORATED METAL PANELS

-LIMIT HEAT GAIN

-LIMIT GLARE

-MAXIMIZE DAYLIGHT

CONTROL GLARE FROM EASTERN SUN WHILE MAINTAINING VIEWS FROM INTERIOR. also an energy-efficient choice, both in terms of controlling air flow and light, as well as the sustainability of the metal itself.

17

GLOBAL CHANGE INSTITUTE

The building features an operable sun shading system that tracks the sun and protects the glass louvres which encourage natural ventilation. The air flows across occupied spaces to the central atrium which acts as the building’s lungs, discharging warm air through its thermal chimney.

A rooftop weather station and light sensor also activate the sunshades to protect the building from wind and storms.

MOTORISED SUNSHADES Fully operable sun screening application automatically moves with the sunlight, acting as a filter and keeping the windows cool.

External perforated operable screens sit beyond the operable glazing line to control both solar load and glare internally. Direct sun and the impacts of wind and rain can be controlled.

perforated aluminium SCREENS IT IS Environmentally sustainable AND recycled materials (like metals) along with the ability ARE to be recycled after use.

Other environmental benefits include the better regulation of building temperature which means there’s less need for constant electronic heating and cooling. Ultimately this leads to less of an environmental footprint left behind.

10

FACADE DESIGN

18

GLOBAL CHANGE INSTITUTE

Louvres operate automatically in response to humidity and temperature levels inside and outside the office.

Automated louvres system moves around as the day progresses, thereby providing maximum sun shading.

TEMPERATURE SENSOR Automatic operation in response to an in-built temperature sensor that allows rooms to be cooled or windows closed to retain warmth when required.

TIMER CONTROL Automatic operation in response to pre-set timers which allows windows to be set to operate in anticipation of the building occupant’s daily routine.

ROOFTOP WEATHER STATION

ENVIRONMENTAL SENSORS

helps to cope with the frost and high temperature in summer. equipped with multiple disease and insect models and sensors, sendS an alert to mobile phone before the occurrence of disease or pest attack.

The modern weather stations can be equipped with a variety of sensors and models (Insect and disease) as much as someone wants.

Sensors throughout the office monitor humidity and temperature. Together with a rooftop weather station they activate the louvres and cooling system.

Automatic internal and external blinds, louvers, shade-screens, in-slab cooling, building modes, and AV and lighting systems mesh seamlessly with the Building Management System, enabling users complete control of the building, improving its overall efficiency.

Whilst the vertical louvres are designed primarily for sun screening and operate automatically in accordance with the sun’s position, the G12 louvres work in conjunction with the Thermal Chimney providing an effective natural ventilation and smoke relief system.

19

GLOBAL CHANGE INSTITUTE

1

WIND DIRECTION

The building is orientated towards the prevailing winds FROM SOUTH AND EAST to allow the winds to allow the wind flow in to the building and natural ventilation to occur.

2

WIND ROSE

3

PERFORATED SCREEN AND FACADE

Second floor plan Annual 9am (South-west /south)

Annual 3pm ( North-east/ East)

11

PERFORATED SCREEN AND LOUVRE

PERFORATED SCREEN AND LOUVRES ALLOWED VENTILATION TO PENETRATE INTO THE BUILDING LOCATED FACING THE PREVAILING WIND. ( SOUTH-9AM,EAST3PM)

NATURAL VENTILATION

wind from south and east

20

GLOBAL CHANGE INSTITUTE

1

2

THERMAL CHIMNEY

draws warm air up and out of the building and draws cooler air in from the basement and outside. way of improving the natural ventilation of buildings by using convection of air heated by passive solar energy.

GREEN WALL

draws air up to a green wall, filter and cools down the air.

It performs a role in the bio-filtration and reoxygenation of return air, supplementing fresh air, supply from the labyrinth.( air filter)

1.THERMAL/ WIND CHIMNEY

2.Green wall

CROSS VENTILATION

4.Open and big volume spaces

3.Space with facade

CROSS SECTION

3

SPACE WITH FACADE

perforated screen and louvres allow the air to flow into the building and cool down the spaces. The openings also allow cross ventilation to occur

PERFORATED METAL SCREENS

4

OPEN AND BIG VOLUME SPACES

The large volume and openness of the spaces and the circulation spaces (staircase and corridor) allows air to flow through the building and natural ventilation to occur.

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GLOBAL CHANGE INSTITUTE

ENVIRONMENTAL COMFORT BY SYSTEM ENERGY FLOW AND TRANSFER

KEY FEATURES

HARNESS RENEWABLE ENERGY OPTIMIZE THERMAL MASS WITH INTEGRATED STRUCTURAL FRAME MINIMIZE ENERGY CONSUMPTION WITH USER- FRIENDLY SYSTEMS

air handling unit (hu) gives high quality building air

HEAT RECOVERY RETURN AIR

solar pv system

solar thermal system hydronic system manifold feeding into thermal mass

PASSIVE CHILLED BEAN RADIATIVE COOLING STRUCTURAL FRAME FOR INTEGRATED THERMAL MASS AUTOMATED VERTICAL SHADING DEVICE AND WINDOWS phase change material to floor soffits as concrete floor alternative raised floor access

natural ventilation cool air radiant heating and cooling OUTSIDE AIR

1

HYDRONIC SYSTEM

EVACUATED TUBE SOLAR COLLECTOR CONVERT ENERGY HARVESTED FROM THE SUN INTO HEAT BY HEATING WATER IN THE HOT WATER TANK TO 80 DEGREES CELSIUS TO DRIVE COMFORT COOLING SYSTEM

2

THERMAL STORE

THERMAL LABYRINTH INVERTER PV ELECTRIC HEAT PUMP SYSTEM

GREY WATER TREATMENT PLANT

IT CLEANS RAINWATER FOR USE IN SHOWERS AND TAPS, WATER IS RECYCLED FOR COMFORT COOLING AND RECYCLED AGAIN FOR IRRIGATION ON THE ST.LUCIA CAMPUS

COLD WATER = SUMMER HOT WATER = WINTER

THROUGH EFFICIENT HEAT PUMP SYSTEM

SUMMER

1

WINTER

CONDENSOR

ROOF LEVEL

EAVACUATED TUBE SOLAR COLLECTOR FOR HEATING

PASSIVE CHILLED BEAM (LEVEL 4)

NON OZONE DEPLETING 'REFRIGERATION GAS

IN-SLAB COOLING

LEVEL 1,2,3,4 BASEMENT LEVEL

DOMESTIC HOT WATER

HEAT PUMP

COLD WATER TANK

FREE ENERGY AHU

HOT WATER TANK

3

3

ENERGY SYSTEMS

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS GENERATES 175000 kWh per year energy in total in the overall building. there are 6 battery towers that are being charged by the solar pv panels on the rooftop which have the capacity of 288 kwh to drive the cooling system for as long as 3 days. this is due to the batteries having a zinc-bromide flow which does not need any replacement

12

DC SWITCHBOARD SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS TIMER SWITCH DC

WIND

ENERGY STORAGE (BATTERY TOWER)

LIFT REGENERATION

ACTIVE STRATEGIES

AC DC TO AC CONVERTER

LED LIGHTING ECO POWERED EQUIPMENT

NON-ECO POWERED EQUIPMENT AC SWITCHBOARD

BACK TO POWER GRID

22

COMPARISON BETWEEN TROPICAL AND TEMPERATE

SITE PLANNING & STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING

HERIOT WATT UNIVERSITY

Global change institute strategic vegetation landscaping Both buildings have the same location of vegetation planted on the east of the site AND ORIENTED IN EAST WEST ORIENTATION vegetation receives more photosynthesis at the est due to high temperature of morning sun compared to evening sun and helps to aid in growth of plants to aid in cooling effect

shading device has a large overhanging roof in the building envelope to shade the building AND less windows are at east/west facade, and more windows at north/south facade

natural shading tress on slope as natural shading device to shade and reduce solar heat gain by filtering sunlight into building

SOLAR ENVELOPE SOLAR ENVELOPE ETFE ROOF SKYLIGHT TO MAXIMIZE HAS A LARGE ATRIUM TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF NATURAL DAY LIGHTING WITH HELP STRONG WIND COMING FROM THE SOUTH FOR OF OPERABLE LOUVRE ON FACADE CROSS VENTILATION AND SKYLIGHT TO MAXIMIZE FOR CROSS VENTILATION NATURAL DAYLIGHT BOTH BUILDINGS HAVE SIMILAR STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING AS VEGETATIONS ARE PLANTED AT THE EAST TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF MORNING SUN AND HELP REDUCE SOLAR HEAT GAIN, WITH DIFFERENCE OF SITE CONTEXT, WHERE HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY HAS A BETTER VISUAL PERMEABILITY COMPARED TO GLOBAL CHANGE INSTITUTE

SUMMARY

DAYLIGHTING

HERIOT WATT UNIVERSITY

Global change institute LIGHT TUBE AND ATRIUM

LIGHT TUBE: introduce daylight keep into the core and down through voids cut into the floor plate by reflecting diffuse light into it.

ATRIUM: THE COVERD PLAZA leads to the lakeside promenade, aims to maximise cross ventilation.

LIGHT COLOR FLAT SURFACE DIFFUSED REFLECTION. In places of hot climate, it is advised that the outer walls be painted light color because it does not absorb any heat radiation from the sun which keep inside cool even if there is hot climate outside the building uv light visible light

sun-tint laminate assembly

solar heat gain

LOW E HEAT STRENGTHENED TINTED GLASS SUMMARY

spacer

low e coating glass

tinted heat strengthened glass sun tint interlayer

clear heat strengthened glass

ETFE ATRIUM ROOF translucent ETFE atrium roof allows natural light into the interior while insulating from the sun’s heat. Internal atrium is roofed by a triple skin operable ETFE roof, USEFUL FOR BUILDING'S THERMAL DESIGN

LIGHT COLOR ROUGH SURFACE The light color OF TIMBER reflects more light. ALSO A natural insulator and can help reduce energy needS. ITS Rough surface, MAXIMIZES natural daylight AS THE LIGHT RAYS are reflected irregularly.

PERFORATED METAL PANEL

CONTROL GLARE FROM EASTERN SUN WHILE MAINTAINING VIEWS FROM INTERIOR. also an energyefficient choice, both in terms of controlling air flow and light, as well as the sustainability of the metal itself.

BOTH BUILDINGS HAVE SIMILAR light color surface walls to take advantage of reflecting more lights into the spaces. the atrium in heriot watt is for maximizing ventilation purpose, while global change institute's etfe roof is for thermal design. both glasses are able to reduce solar heat gain & maximizing daylight

23

COMPARISON BETWEEN TROPICAL AND TEMPERATE

FACADE DESIGN

HERIOT WATT UNIVERSITY

Global change institute perforated aluminium screens The use of the aluminum can clearly be seen around the building since it‟s strong and doesn't require much attention in terms of cleaning and maintenance.

Heat strengthened laminated glass As buildings grow taller and more valuable, there is an increasing need to ensure that façades are properly cleaned and maintained.

Analysis of Different Facade Material’s Performance and their Management in Different Country Climates:

Façade material Glass

Performance Hot climate Cold climate Good Good Average Average

Management High Maintenance Needed

keep your home cooler Aluminium Low Maintenance Needed in the summer and eliminate the warmer in the winter. formation of window building modes and lighting systems mesh great insulation condensation during seamlessly with the Building Management System, qualities will be able to the changing seasons enabling users complete control of the building, withstand more during as it goes from cold improving its overall efficiency. extreme weather to hot. conditions. the facade for both building is overall efficiency in hot and cold climate. The aluminum and glass have higher resistance against diffusion SUMMARY and erosion and don‟t break easily with the constant change of weather throughout the year.

NATURAL VENTILATION

HERIOT WATT UNIVERSITY

Global change institute

ONLY CERTAIN AREAS : atrium ,corridors & staircase area HAVE natural ventilation functional spaces USE active ventilation & there is no operable openings that allow natural ventilation to occur.

SUMMARY

natural ventilation occurs 88% of the year It occur at all areas of the building during open building mode,air flows into the building through perforated screen and louvres at the frontage

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

Global change institute HAVE better natural ventilation strategies by Having natural ventilation at most of the spaces of the building by having operable openings or facade that allows natural ventilation to occur.

GREENERIES AND THERMAL CHIMNEY TO ENHANCE THE NATURAL VENTILATION OF THE SPACES

thermal chimney GREEN WALLS

Greeneries will provide a comfort & vibrant views for the users SUMMARY

GLOBAL CHANGE INSTITUTE IS HAVING BETTER NATURAL VENTILATION BY Having thermal chimney and green walls to purify and enhance the flow of hot air out from the building and yet provide green views to the users.

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SPATIAL QUALITY & EXPERIENCE HERIOT WATT UNIVERSITY

GLOBAL CHANGE INSTITUTE

The center plaza has a rounded glass roof to bring in natural daylight. The exterior staircase is shaded with perforated panel and gives users a sense of openness and welcomeness.

Each floor is constructed of precast Geopolymer floor beams.

These are exposed at their under surface and temperature controlled by the use of hydronic coils to keep temperature at a low range and gives a bright and vibrant atmosphere.

The Library is illuminated by partial daylight and partial artificial light. Glass panels can be found at the edge of the library which bring in sufficient lights for the particular side.

The walkway at the exterior is shaded with different types of shading device. For example, colonnade and glass roof overhang and many glass panel to utilise the natural daylight rather than artificial lights.

A Green Wall in the atrium performs a role in the biofiltration and reoxygenation of return air, supplementing fresh air supply from the labyrinth.

THE ATRIUM

a large central atrium at the centre leading to flexible teaching and learning spaces.

The top of the open corridor has a glass roof which brings in daylight as well. The upper floor is well illuminated yet the bottom floor might requires artificial lights to function better. The peak of the illumination is reached at noon.

The translucent ETFE atrium roof insulates from the sun’s heat while allowing natural light into the interior.

Optimal natural lighting is supported by environmentally-friendly LED lighting.

A STATE-OF-THE-ART LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

INTERACTIVE SPACE

the campus has been developed with the current generation of students in mind, to create a dynamic, exciting place which maximises the potential of its setting for study and student life. reflecting our status as a leading provider of high-quality, professionally orientated education, knowledge transfer and research.

Building has moved towards an activity-based functional model, where space and furniture is more efficiently used. The operation of the building is based on wireless technologies and paper-free operation. These help to maximize flexibility and adaptability, which promotes resource efficiency.

CONCLUSION:POST OCCUPANCY HERIOT WATT UNIVERSITY

The occupants are satisfied with the sustainable strategies applied on the building: GREEN ROOF THERMAL INSULATION, NATURAL LIGHT AND NATURAL VENTILATION ISSUE: GLARE

veiling luminances / too much light in the eye depend on an occupants’ position within a building has a significant effect how discomfort glare is likely to be perceived. mostly on the area in front of the windows/ fully low-e glass facade

SOLUTION:

meeting area in library meeting area in library HAVING BLINDS TO REDUCE THE GLARE. operable blinds to be adjusted by the users.

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GLOBAL CHANGE INSTITUTE

''There are things that are still being tweaked but, generally, it is performing very well. It’s a really nice building, and a nice project – there’s no negativity in it.”- Dr David Harris ISSUE: natural ventilation multiple glitcheS: the louvres not opening early enough in the summer to cool the building. All the original settings were based on what the consultants thought would be optimum AND the thermal chimney DIDNT adjusted to open on time.

SOLUTION: have fine-tuning meetings every month for fine-tuning the natural ventilation system, including the louvres and the technology that controls them, and the perforated sun shading that automatically tracks the sun to reduce thermal load on the facade.

ISSUE: energy consumption influenced by the 4 seasons winter was not particularly cold in Brisbane, the building retains a lot of heat gained through passive solar measures well.

SOLUTION : even though less solar energy was generated, the building did not need to draw more power than it generates from the solar system and then stores in a locally invented zinc bromide battery system for drawdown to meet requirements.

REFERENCES Arup. (n.d.).Australia’s first carbon neutral building. Retrieved form https://www.arup.com/projects/global-changeinstitute Alianto,W. (2014).

The Global Change Institute: one year on.

Retrieved https://www.thefifthestate.com.au/innovation/case-studies/the-global-change-institute-one-year-on/

from

Chian,C,S. (2017).Creating a lasting relationship between learning and sustainability.Retrieved https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/creating-lasting-relationship-between-learning-and-sustainability

from

Greenroofs.com. (2018). Global Change Institute. Retrieved from https://www.greenroofs.com/projects/global-changeinstitute/ Heriot Watt University. (2013).Heriot-Watt University is Malaysia's first purpose-built green campus. Retrived from https://www.hw.ac.uk/news/articles/2013/heriot-watt-university-is-malaysia-s-first.htm Livinspaces. (2019).Heriot Watt University by Hijjas Architects & Planners in Malaysia. Retrieved from https://www.livinspaces.net/projects/architecture/heriot-watt-university-by-hijjas-architects-planners-in-malaysia/ Medland Engineering.(n.d.). UQ Global Change Institute.Retrived from https://medlandengineering.com/projects/uqglobal-change-institute/ The University of Queensland Australia. (n.d.).The Global Change Institute's Living Building is a flagship sustainability project that shifts the way we think about office design in a changing world. Retrieved from https://gci.uq.edu.au/building Wilson,A. (2013). ETTE Foil: a guide to design. Retrived from http://www.architen.com/articles/etfe-foil-a-guide-to-design/