Hongos

Page 1

HONGOS Figure 31-01


LE 31-2

ESTRUCTURA REPRODUCTORA LA SETA

HIFAS

Estructuras Productoras de esporas

Boletus edulis

20 Âľm

micelio micelio Mycelium


LE 31-3

ESTRUCTURA DE LAS HIFAS

Pared celular Pared celular

Núcleo Poro tabique

Hifa tabicada

Núcleo

Hifa cenocítica


LE 31-4 NEMATODO

HIFAS

Arthrobotrys, hongo del suelo con hifas modificadas para atrapar nematodos Hifa del hongo

25 µm

Pared vegetal

Célula vegetal

Haustorio Haustorio

Membrana plasmática


LE 31-4A

Nematode

Hyphae

25 µm

HIFAS ADAPTADAS PARA ATRAPAR PRESAS Arthrobotrys


LE 31-5–3 Key Estado heterocarioticos

Haploid (n) Heterokaryotic (unfused nuclei from different parents)

Plasmogamia Fusión de citoplasma

Diploid (2n) Cariogamia Fusión de nuúcleos)

Estructura productoras de esporas

Zygote

Spores ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

micelio

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

MEIOSIS GERMINACION

GERMINACION

Spores

Estructuras productoras de esporas


LE 31-6

Penicillium, conidios

2.5 Âľm


LE 31-7

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

CĂŠlula progenitora

yema

10 Âľm


LE 31-8

Fósil de hifas y esporas de un hongo hace 460m.a Ordovícico

50 µm


Basidiomycota

Ascomycota

Hongos en forma de maza

Zygomycota

Chytridiomycota

Quitridios

Hongos Hongos Zygote Micorriz贸genos con forma hongos arbusculares de saco con cigotoi

Glomeromycota

LE 31-9


Basidiomycetes

Ascomycetes

Glomeromycetes

Zygomycetes

Chytrids

LE 31-UN613A


LE 31-10

Hyphae

25 µm

Flagellum 4 µm


LE 31-11

Some chytrids

Zygomycetes and other chytrids

Glomeromycetes, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes

Key Common ancestor

Loss of flagella


Basidiomycetes

Ascomycetes

Glomeromycetes

Zygomycetes

Chytrids

LE 31-UN613B


LE 31-12 Key

zigomicetos

Haploid (n) Heterokaryotic (n + n) Diploid (2n)

PLASMOGAMia

Rhizopus growing on bread

Gametnacios con núcleo n

typo (+) typo (–)

100 µm Zigosporangio Joven heterocarionte SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Disperión Y germinación

esporangio

esporangios

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

MEIOSIS Dispersión y germinación

50 µm

Mycelio

cariogamia

Núcleos diploide

Zigosporangio heteocariontec)


LE 31-13

Pilobolus , descompone el estiĂŠrcol animal.

0.5 mm


10 Âľm

LE 31-14

Host cell nucleus Developing microsporidian

Spore

CĂŠlula eucariota infectada Encephalitozoon intestinales con microsporidios


Basidiomycetes

Ascomycetes

Glomeromycetes

Zygomycetes

Chytrids

LE 31-UN615


LE 31-15

Micorrizas arbusculares, endomicorrizas Glomus mosseae

2.5 Âľm


Basidiomycetes

Ascomycetes

Glomeromycetes

Zygomycetes

Chytrids

LE 31-UN616


LE 31-16

The cup-shaped ascocarps (fruiting bodies) of Aleuria aurantia give this species its common name: orange peel fungus. The edible ascocarp of Morchella esculenta, the succulent morel is often found under trees in orchards.

10 Âľm

Tuber melanosporum is a truffle, an ascocarp that grows underground and emits strong odors. These ascocarps have been dug up and the middle one sliced open.

Neurospora crassa feeds as a mold on bread and other food (SEM).


LE 31-16A

Los ascocarpos en forma de copa de Aleuria aurantia le da el nombre de peziza cรกscara de naranja


LE 31-16B

El ascocarpo comestible de Morchella esculenta, morilla


LE 31-16C

Tuber melanosporum es una trufa, un ascocarpo que crece debajo de la tierra y emite un fuerte olor.


LE 31-16D

10 Âľm

Neurospora crassa se alimenta como un moho del pan y otros alimentos


LE 31-17 Key Haploid (n)

Conidia; mating type (–)

Dikaryotic (n + n) Diploid (2n)

Dispersal

Germination

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Mating type (+)

Mycelium

PLASMOGAMY Ascus (dikaryotic)

Mycelia

Conidiophore

Dikaryotic hyphae extended from ascogonium

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Germination Dispersal Asci

Diploid nucleus (zygote) Eight ascospores

Four haploid nuclei

Ascocarp

KARYOGAMY

MEIOSIS


Basidiomycetes

Ascomycetes

Glomeromycetes

Zygomycetes

Chytrids

LE 31-UN618


LE 31-18

Maiden veil fungus (Dictyphora), a fungus with an odor like rotting meat

Fly agaric (Amanita muscoria), a common species in conifer forests in the northern hemisphere

Puffballs emitting spores Shelf fungi, important decomposers of wood


LE 31-18A

(Amanita muscoria), matamosca


LE 31-18B

(Dictyphora)hongo velo de novia


LE 31-18C

Hongos de repisa


LE 31-18D

bejines


Figure 31-19


LE 31-20 Dikaryotic mycelium

PLASMOGAMY Mating type (–)

Haploid mycelia

Mating type (+) SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Gills lined with basidia

Basidiocarp (dikaryotic)

Dispersal and germination Basidiospores Basidium with four appendages Basidium

Basidia (dikaryotic)

Basidium containing four haploid nuclei KARYOGAMY MEIOSIS

1 µm

Basidiospore

Diploid nuclei

Key Haploid (n) Dikaryotic (n + n) Diploid (2n)


Figure 31-21


Figure 31-22


LE 31-23

A fruticose (shrub-like) lichen

A foliose (leaf-like) lichen

Crustose (crust-like) lichens


LE 31-23A

Liquen fruticuloso


LE 31-23B

Liquen folioso


LE 31-23C

Liquen costroso


LE 31-24

Ascocarp of fungus

Soredia Fungal hyphae

Algal layer

Algal cell

10 Âľm

Fungal hyphae


LE 31-25

Hongo delmaĂ­z

Hongo causante de la manchaCornezuelo de asfalto del centeno ( ĂĄcido lisĂŠrgico) Sobre hojas de arce


LE 31-26

Staphylococcus

Penicillium Zone of inhibited growth


Table 31-1



Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.