Life Cycle Analysis for
Urban Waste Treatment Optimization Prof. D.A. Sarigiannis Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH) 2014 AIChE Annual Meeting, Atlanta, USA * November 16-21, 2014
Environmental Engineering Laboratory
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Life Cycle Analysis for Urban Waste Treatment Optimization D.A. Sarigiannis1,2 1Department
of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece 2Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CE.R.T.H.), Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
denis@eng.auth.gr 2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
Atlanta, USA
November 16-21, 2014
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Environmental Engineering Laboratory
Environmental sensors
Remote sensing
Exposome - data and analysis needs
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Contaminated sites PBBK modelling Exposure modelling
metabol ite formati on
GI tract – portal vein
Environmental modeling / data management
GI tract – portal vein
L i v e r
L i v e r
H e a r t
H e a r t
B r a i n
B r a i n
M u s c l e s S k i n
M u s c l e s S k i n
K i d n e y A s d i p o s e B o n e s
K i d n e y A s d i p o s e B o n e s
B r e a s t Uterus - gonads
A r t e r i a l b l o o d
L u n g s
EWAS
B r e a s t Uterus - gonads
V e n o u s b l o o d
A r t e r i a l b l o o d
L u n g s
V e n o u s
Systems Effects / Individual exposome
Community Effects / Cohorts
b l o o d
Environmental analysis Epigenetics
Cellular/tissue effects
Human biosampling Molecular initiating events Metabolomics
Agent based modelling Ubiquitous personal sensors
Fluxomics (dynamic flux balance analysis) Transcriptomics
2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
Atlanta, USA
Bioinformatics / systems biology November 16-21, 2014
Pathway analysis
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Environmental Engineering Laboratory
Why assess environmental performance in Greece?
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
•
To ensure an ecological balance and decrease the health and environmental problems
•
To select waste management scenario based on “waste hierarchy” for zero waste concept
•
Forced by European and national waste legislation
•
To achieve sustainable development through Industrial Symbiosis
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To aim towards waste minimization at the source
Eliminate some or all materials Reduce the amount of packaging used Reuse The packaging Recovery through composting or energy from waste Disposal through incineration or landfill
2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
Atlanta, USA
November 16-21, 2014
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Environmental Engineering Laboratory
Waste management analysis by multi-scale approach
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Environmental and Health Impact Assessment
Goal & Scope / functional unit Inventory phase Impact assessment phase
2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
Interpretation of the results, Assessment of Environmental and Health impacts of Waste Management scenarios
Atlanta, USA
- Process development and Improvements - Public policy - Strategic Planning
November 16-21, 2014
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Environmental Engineering Laboratory
Waste composition in Athens & Thessaloniki
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
ďƒź Athens (1350 ktn/yr), covers the tonnage of all the Attica region ďƒź Thessaloniki (600 ktn/yr) Waste composition of the cities Elements of MSW
Athensa
Thessalonikib
Organics
42%
36%
Paper
29%
26%
Plastic mixture
14%
20%
Metal
3%
3%
Glass
3%
4%
Others
6%
11%
a:information taken by HSWMA, 2012 b: information taken by Chatziangelou, 2007 2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
Atlanta, USA
November 16-21, 2014
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Environmental Engineering Laboratory
MSW Composition of Athens
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
%
Organic- Biowaste 60 Parer Plastic 50 Metal
40
30
20
10
0 1982
2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
1984
1990
Atlanta, USA
1997
2005
2008
2011
November 16-21, 2014
yr 6
Environmental Engineering Laboratory
• • • • •
Municipal Waste Management Options
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Landfilling Recycling & Landfilling Recycling & Biological treatments Incineration & Landfilling Incineration & Biological treatments
2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
Atlanta, USA
November 16-21, 2014
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Environmental Engineering Laboratory
• • • • •
Municipal Waste Management Options
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Landfilling Recycling & Landfilling Recycling & Biological treatments Incineration & Landfilling Incineration & Biological treatments
2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
Atlanta, USA
November 16-21, 2014
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Environmental Engineering Laboratory
• • • • •
Municipal Waste Management Options
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Landfilling Recycling & Landfilling Recycling & Biological treatments Incineration & Landfilling Incineration & Biological treatments
2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
Atlanta, USA
November 16-21, 2014
9
Environmental Engineering Laboratory
• • • • •
Municipal Waste Management Options
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Landfilling Recycling & Landfilling Recycling & Biological treatments Incineration & Landfilling Incineration & Biological treatments
2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
Atlanta, USA
November 16-21, 2014
10
Environmental Engineering Laboratory
• • • • •
Municipal Waste Management Options
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Landfilling Recycling & Landfilling Recycling & Biological treatments Incineration & Landfilling Incineration & Biological treatments
2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
Atlanta, USA
November 16-21, 2014
11
Environmental Engineering Laboratory
Waste management system analysis
•
Material Flow Analysis and Gross Energy Requirement
•
Solar Emergy Analysis
2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
Atlanta, USA
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
November 16-21, 2014
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Environmental Impact categories assessment for Athens
Environmental Engineering Laboratory
2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
Atlanta, USA
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
November 16-21, 2014
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Environmental Impact categories assessment for Thessaloniki
Environmental Engineering Laboratory
2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Atlanta, USA
November 16-21, 2014
14
Environmental Engineering Laboratory
LD 5.00E+10 4.00E+10 3.00E+10 2.00E+10 1.00E+10 0.00E+00
IN&AD&Comp
Cumulative Energy and Exergy Demand CED ATHENS in MJ
RE
IN&AD&Comp
RE&AD&Com p
IN
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
LD 3.00E+10 2.50E+10 2.00E+10 1.50E+10 1.00E+10 5.00E+09 0.00E+00
1.40E+12 1.20E+12 1.00E+12 8.00E+11 6.00E+11 4.00E+11 2.00E+11 0.00E+00
IN&AD&Co mp
IN 2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
RE&AD&Com p LD
CExD ATHENS in MJ
RE
RE
IN
LD 3.50E+11 3.00E+11 2.50E+11 2.00E+11 1.50E+11 1.00E+11 5.00E+10 0.00E+00
IN&AD&Comp
RE&AD&Co mp Atlanta, USA
IN
CED THESSALONIKI in MJ
CExD THESSALONIKI in MJ
RE
RE&AD&Comp November 16-21, 2014
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Expected cases (birth defects – cancer) – Mortality (YoLL)
Environmental Engineering Laboratory
Health Impact Assessment
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Athens
Thessaloniki Birth defects
Cancer
Landfilling 2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
Thessaloniki
Athens
Athens
Thessaloniki
Mortality (PM and NOx)
Incineration Atlanta, USA
November 16-21, 2014
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Environmental Engineering Laboratory
Conclusions of multi-method and multi-scale analysis
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
•
Life Cycle Analysis of 5 different waste management options was conducted for Athens & Thessaloniki Selected Environmental Impact Indicators: • Abiotic depletion - Recycling & Biological Treatments seem to reduce the need for landfilling significantly • Environmental Impact categories - Incineration & Landfilling is the most polluting waste management option - Recycling & Biological Treatment are the best option in terms of GWP and AP • Cumulative energy and exergy requirement - Incineration & Landfilling have the highest energy and exergy requirement • Health impact - Incinerators present higher health impact - Low health impact in both landfills use and incineration due to the low population density in the vicinity (up to three km) of the selected SWM options 2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
Atlanta, USA
November 16-21, 2014
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Environmental Engineering Laboratory
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Thank you for your kind attention
www.enve-lab.eu A connectivity perspective to environmental health
2014 AIChE Annual Meeting
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November 16-21, 2014
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