Life Cycle Analysis for Urban Waste Treatment Optimization (Nov. 2014)

Life Cycle Analysis for

Urban Waste Treatment Optimization Prof. D.A. Sarigiannis Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH) 2014 AIChE Annual Meeting, Atlanta, USA * November 16-21, 2014

Environmental Engineering Laboratory

Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Life Cycle Analysis for Urban Waste Treatment Optimization D.A. Sarigiannis1,2 1Department

of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece 2Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CE.R.T.H.), Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece

denis@eng.auth.gr 2014 AIChE Annual Meeting

Atlanta, USA

November 16-21, 2014

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Environmental Engineering Laboratory

Environmental sensors

Remote sensing

Exposome - data and analysis needs

Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Contaminated sites PBBK modelling Exposure modelling

metabol ite formati on

GI tract – portal vein

Environmental modeling / data management

GI tract – portal vein

L i v e r

L i v e r

H e a r t

H e a r t

B r a i n

B r a i n

M u s c l e s S k i n

M u s c l e s S k i n

K i d n e y A s d i p o s e B o n e s

K i d n e y A s d i p o s e B o n e s

B r e a s t Uterus - gonads

A r t e r i a l b l o o d

L u n g s

EWAS

B r e a s t Uterus - gonads

V e n o u s b l o o d

A r t e r i a l b l o o d

L u n g s

V e n o u s

Systems Effects / Individual exposome

Community Effects / Cohorts

b l o o d

Environmental analysis Epigenetics

Cellular/tissue effects

Human biosampling Molecular initiating events Metabolomics

Agent based modelling Ubiquitous personal sensors

Fluxomics (dynamic flux balance analysis) Transcriptomics

2014 AIChE Annual Meeting

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Bioinformatics / systems biology November 16-21, 2014

Pathway analysis

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Environmental Engineering Laboratory

Why assess environmental performance in Greece?

Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

•

To ensure an ecological balance and decrease the health and environmental problems

•

To select waste management scenario based on “waste hierarchy” for zero waste concept

•

Forced by European and national waste legislation

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To achieve sustainable development through Industrial Symbiosis

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To aim towards waste minimization at the source

Eliminate some or all materials Reduce the amount of packaging used Reuse The packaging Recovery through composting or energy from waste Disposal through incineration or landfill

2014 AIChE Annual Meeting

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Environmental Engineering Laboratory

Waste management analysis by multi-scale approach

Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Environmental and Health Impact Assessment

Goal & Scope / functional unit Inventory phase Impact assessment phase

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Interpretation of the results, Assessment of Environmental and Health impacts of Waste Management scenarios

Atlanta, USA

- Process development and Improvements - Public policy - Strategic Planning

November 16-21, 2014

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Environmental Engineering Laboratory

Waste composition in Athens & Thessaloniki

Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

ďƒź Athens (1350 ktn/yr), covers the tonnage of all the Attica region ďƒź Thessaloniki (600 ktn/yr) Waste composition of the cities Elements of MSW

Athensa

Thessalonikib

Organics

42%

36%

Paper

29%

26%

Plastic mixture

14%

20%

Metal

3%

3%

Glass

3%

4%

Others

6%

11%

a:information taken by HSWMA, 2012 b: information taken by Chatziangelou, 2007 2014 AIChE Annual Meeting

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Environmental Engineering Laboratory

MSW Composition of Athens

Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

%

Organic- Biowaste 60 Parer Plastic 50 Metal

40

30

20

10

0 1982

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1984

1990

Atlanta, USA

1997

2005

2008

2011

November 16-21, 2014

yr 6

Environmental Engineering Laboratory

• • • • •

Municipal Waste Management Options

Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Landfilling Recycling & Landfilling Recycling & Biological treatments Incineration & Landfilling Incineration & Biological treatments

2014 AIChE Annual Meeting

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Environmental Engineering Laboratory

• • • • •

Municipal Waste Management Options

Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Landfilling Recycling & Landfilling Recycling & Biological treatments Incineration & Landfilling Incineration & Biological treatments

2014 AIChE Annual Meeting

Atlanta, USA

November 16-21, 2014

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Environmental Engineering Laboratory

• • • • •

Municipal Waste Management Options

Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Landfilling Recycling & Landfilling Recycling & Biological treatments Incineration & Landfilling Incineration & Biological treatments

2014 AIChE Annual Meeting

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November 16-21, 2014

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Environmental Engineering Laboratory

• • • • •

Municipal Waste Management Options

Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Landfilling Recycling & Landfilling Recycling & Biological treatments Incineration & Landfilling Incineration & Biological treatments

2014 AIChE Annual Meeting

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November 16-21, 2014

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Environmental Engineering Laboratory

• • • • •

Municipal Waste Management Options

Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Landfilling Recycling & Landfilling Recycling & Biological treatments Incineration & Landfilling Incineration & Biological treatments

2014 AIChE Annual Meeting

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November 16-21, 2014

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Environmental Engineering Laboratory

Waste management system analysis

•

Material Flow Analysis and Gross Energy Requirement

•

Solar Emergy Analysis

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Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

November 16-21, 2014

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Environmental Impact categories assessment for Athens

Environmental Engineering Laboratory

2014 AIChE Annual Meeting

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Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

November 16-21, 2014

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Environmental Impact categories assessment for Thessaloniki

Environmental Engineering Laboratory

2014 AIChE Annual Meeting

Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

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November 16-21, 2014

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Environmental Engineering Laboratory

LD 5.00E+10 4.00E+10 3.00E+10 2.00E+10 1.00E+10 0.00E+00

IN&AD&Comp

Cumulative Energy and Exergy Demand CED ATHENS in MJ

RE

IN&AD&Comp

RE&AD&Com p

IN

Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

LD 3.00E+10 2.50E+10 2.00E+10 1.50E+10 1.00E+10 5.00E+09 0.00E+00

1.40E+12 1.20E+12 1.00E+12 8.00E+11 6.00E+11 4.00E+11 2.00E+11 0.00E+00

IN&AD&Co mp

IN 2014 AIChE Annual Meeting

RE&AD&Com p LD

CExD ATHENS in MJ

RE

RE

IN

LD 3.50E+11 3.00E+11 2.50E+11 2.00E+11 1.50E+11 1.00E+11 5.00E+10 0.00E+00

IN&AD&Comp

RE&AD&Co mp Atlanta, USA

IN

CED THESSALONIKI in MJ

CExD THESSALONIKI in MJ

RE

RE&AD&Comp November 16-21, 2014

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Expected cases (birth defects – cancer) – Mortality (YoLL)

Environmental Engineering Laboratory

Health Impact Assessment

Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Athens

Thessaloniki Birth defects

Cancer

Landfilling 2014 AIChE Annual Meeting

Thessaloniki

Athens

Athens

Thessaloniki

Mortality (PM and NOx)

Incineration Atlanta, USA

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Environmental Engineering Laboratory

Conclusions of multi-method and multi-scale analysis

Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

•

Life Cycle Analysis of 5 different waste management options was conducted for Athens & Thessaloniki Selected Environmental Impact Indicators: • Abiotic depletion - Recycling & Biological Treatments seem to reduce the need for landfilling significantly • Environmental Impact categories - Incineration & Landfilling is the most polluting waste management option - Recycling & Biological Treatment are the best option in terms of GWP and AP • Cumulative energy and exergy requirement - Incineration & Landfilling have the highest energy and exergy requirement • Health impact - Incinerators present higher health impact - Low health impact in both landfills use and incineration due to the low population density in the vicinity (up to three km) of the selected SWM options 2014 AIChE Annual Meeting

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Environmental Engineering Laboratory

Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Thank you for your kind attention

www.enve-lab.eu A connectivity perspective to environmental health

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