The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts Schools of Architecture, Design and Conservation Institute of Architecture and Technology
Contents
CITAstudio / Page 2 – 3
Introductions page 4 / Acknowledgements page 10 / Aggregations page 14 / disContinuities page 38 / Interrogations page 60 / Dissipative Architectures page 84 / Reciprocities page 102 / scalarHierachies page 122 / Temporalities page 138 / Credits 168
I
Introduc
tions
A Changing Practice…
Over the last 30 years the introduction of digital design tools has exerted a profound impact on architectural design practice, fundamentally changing the ways in which the built environment is designed, communicated and realised. Today, architecture is almost entirely produced using digital tools. The development of programmed information models has created a new generation of dynamic representations in which complex environmental and material simulations, structural analyses and fabrication data can be directly interfaced with the architectural design space. In these models the act of drawing has become entangled with the ability to calculate. Creating a new site between tool and representation, architects are given a new opportunity to design for, and with, a higher degree of complexity. By devising new environmental, material and structural solutions we can radically challenge the way we design our built surroundings.
It is this context and potential which ‘CITA Studio: Computation in Architecture’ investigates. Our ambition is to understand Information Technology as a fundamental shift in architecture’s representational and conceptual traditions. In architecture our representations; drawings and models are not only systems of notation but also speculative sites of design investigation and discovery. As our representations develop, the possibility for architectural expression changes - not only with respect to its formal or structural thinking but also with respect to its spatial, social and experiential potential.
CITAstudio: Computation in Architecture CITAstudio provides a Masters level architectural design programme that places special focus on examining architectural issues
through critically situating computation and digital technologies in the processes of thinking, forming and producing architecture. The programme fosters a dynamic, creative, experimental and rich intellectual environment supported through direct contact with the research centre CITA (Centre for Information Technology and Architecture). The CITAstudio programme equips students with core knowledge and understandings for addressing site, complex building programme and related architectural issues through computational design methods. Our goal is to provide a creative framework for the active and critical thinking of the spatial, theoretical and technological consequences of digital design practice. We encourage students towards their own critical reflections on how these tools are used, how they are developed and how they interface with the knowledge fields of other disciplines.
Relation to Research The changes to the profession and practice outlined above are also eroding many of the traditional boundaries of the profession, altering its scope, values and mixing disciplinary demarcations – all of which drives a need for the conceptualisation and invention of alternatives to traditional practice. A principle location for such alternatives to be investigated is within research. CITA is a research body with an international presence that is investigating the implications and potentials of digital technologies in Architecture. Over the last ten years it has established itself as a leading international research environment, disseminating its work through numerous exhibitions, publications, conference presentations and scholarly papers. The study programme continuously develops insight into key concepts of research, providing students with the conceptual tools
to understand and develop their own research practice. Students are placed into direct contact with the expertise of CITA’s research environment and extensive international network of collaborators and industrial partners. The teaching focus is tightly linked to CITA’s core research practice, which is established upon the internationally recognised Research-by-Design methodology. Through ongoing interaction with and tracking of CITA research projects, students are introduced to core aspects of this methodology, through which they develop the critical capacities, advanced skills and new creative frameworks relevant to a contemporary practice that is in a state of continual transformation. In 2015, CITAstudio has extended its engagement with research practice by further developing three themes: collaborations with academic research groups (both internal and external), collaborations with research groups embedded within architectural practices,
and the making of research with practice and industrial partners. CITAstudio students have attended the Design Modeling Symposium 2015, drawing insight, inspiration and networks from state of the art academic and practicebased modeling and simulation approaches. CITAstudio has hosted workshops with external research groups including Bau Kunst Erfinden (Universität Kassel) examining force based strategies for material organisation within thin concrete shells, as well as with Philip Beesley and Living Systems Architecture Group (University of Waterloo) implementing emerging technologies for responsive architectures. Through the Velux Guest Professorship programme, Billie Faircloth -leader of the transdisciplinary research group at Kieran Timberlake Architects – is currently leading a series of workshops into the multiscale design and registration of thermodynamic systems. The semester culminates in a permanent built work, a research pavilion undertaken with Søren Jenson engineers and EHLERT GmbH steel fabricators.
Structure and Content of the Course
throughout design, and across scales. By interrogating the notion of material energies at different scales, through design, simulation and empirical testing, projects have developed The CITAstudio masters programme is specific contexts, refined understandings and organised across 2 years (4 semesters), and is based around project-based experimentation and explore architectural implications. In the Spring semester students are inquiry in order to stimulate and sharpen creative given the freedom to unpack and explore their and critical abilities. Year 1 and 2 run in parallel to encourage mutual exchange and peer support programme of study through a personally directed project. While these explorations take through the experiences, knowledge and skills developed by each student. The 2014-15 Autumn point of departure in, and motivation from, the year’s thematic and the skills, tools and personal semester thematic is Material Energies. The interests developed in the previous semester(s), studio has explored and developed expanded the opportunity is to focus more fully on models for thinking about associations between identifying and pursuing personal agendas and material and energy within architecture. This methods of study within the field. book documents some of those explorations. At present, energies such as thermal variation, air velocity, and magnetic fields remain a largely Resources untapped source of innovation and inspiration for architects. We have sought to go beyond The CITAstudio programme provides standardisations, and to use material energies students with resources that complement the as a formative and transformative process concerns of the programme. Courses such as
Design-led Coding, which run over the two years, introduce a fundamental basis of programming theory, concepts and techniques in both abstract and applied contexts. Students move through basic to advanced knowledge of python coding and parametric modeling, developing skills in problem decomposition, awareness of suitable computational models, and investigate the productive application of programming to aspects of speculation, making, representational practice and design. Operational knowledge of digital fabrication machinery is provided continuously, as these techniques offer a key means to readdress the way we understand, use and make systems and materials. CITAstudio’s fabrication resources include a robot laboratory, as well as 3D printing, laser cutting and milling facilities.
Internal academic research
External academic research
Bau Kunst Erfinden
CITA Emanuele Naboni
External practice-based research
Billie Faircloth - Keiran Timberlake Architects
Living Systems Architecture Group
Philip Beesley
External practice
Søren Jensen Engineers EHLERT GmbH steel fabricators
Daniel Lee Design Modeling Symposium (DMS 2015)
Activities
workshop: heterogenous printed materials
workshop: magnetic structuring of thin shells
workshops: thermodynamic design of materials, surfaces & spaces
crit presentations tracking CITA research projects
workshop & seminar: machine learning
workshop: dissapative architectures
project: built demonstrator
workshops: DMS 2015
External dissemination
Internal dissemination
built prototypes
guest professorship: multiscale thermodynamic systems
portfolio
public exhibitions paper and journal articles
permanent built work book publication
CITAstudio / Page 12 – 13
Acknowledgements
Student Workshop leader Guest professor Teaching team Sofia Adolfsson, Jon Andersen, Miguel Ruiz-Rivas Avendaño, Phil Ayres, Lina Baciuskaite, Tore Banke, Philip Beesley, Giselle Bouron, Corneel Cannearts, Joao Paulo Carrascoza, Terry Chun Yin Chan, Brian Cheung, Alice Choupeaux, Lisbet Fritze Christensen, Jens Jacob Jul Christensen, Anders Holden Deleuran, Oskar Edström, Bau Kunst Erfinden, Jonas Ersson, Marie Houmann Erstad, Henrik Leander Evers, Billie Faircloth, Sebastian Gatz, Christoph Gengnagel, Hollie Gibbons, Ana Goidea, Anders P Hansson, Magdalena Haslinger, Ivan Heitmann, Vibber Hermansen, Che Ying Huen, Isabel Huszar, Zeliha Asya Ilgün, Anders Ingvartsen, Mads Johnsen, Hulda Jonsdottir, Ricardo Landulpho Justi, Jens Ulrik Jørgensen, Dongil Kim, Tadeas Klaban, Inès Klausberger, Thorsten Klooster, Rafael Kölmel, Olga Krukovskaya, Katre Laura, Scott Leinweber, Mathias Lindskog, Chen-Chi Lo, Daniel Sang-Hoon Lee, Henrik Litske, Timothy Lyons, Janusz Maczewski, Henrik Malm, Francesco Matteo Marchese, Lars Tingskov Mikkelsen, Jonas Weis Mortensen, Nicholas Mostovac, Emanuele Naboni, Darius Narmontas, Julien Nembrini, Paul Nicholas, Jesper Nislev, Johan Lund Pedersen, Gina Perier, Teodor Petrov, Lyn Seung Poon, John Reynders, Annika Nora Richmond, Jacob Riiber, SCANLAB, Claudia Schmidt, Mandeep Singh, Julie Cathrine Sonne, David Stasiuk, Martin Tamke, Ida Friis Thinning, Anders Boel Tversted, Jesper Wallgren, Yasemin Yilmaz Yilmaz, Kristjana Ósk Sigurdardottir, Eduardo De Francisco Del Saz, SuperformLab, Cecilie Schjetlein Sundt, Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen, Torben Valerius, Adam Vukmanov, Thyge Dahlgaard Wahrens, Ryan Welch, Mark West, Lukasz Wlodarczyk, Karoline Wæringsaasen, Wenyu Wu, Zeynab Zaghi, Mateusz Zwierzycki
How to read this publication
CITAstudio / Page 14 – 15
Resources demonstrate fundamental concepts that are introduced via coursework for the purpose of possible translation into experiments
Experiments draw upon resources. Experiments are design explorations, here collected into seven thematics, that are conducted either as group or individual work. Experiments include prototypes, speculative representations, simulations and built demonstrators
II
Aggrega CITAstudio / Page 16 – 17
tions
Resources
Experiments
Design Led Coding: growth algorithms. Olga Krukovskaya
Aggregations are exploratory modular systems made from discrete elements. Digital techniques offer a means to extend the way we understand, design, use and make these systems. The introduction of precision and controlled variability through digital design and fabrication challenges any assumption of an average or repeated condition by supporting the modulation of components within an aggregation to steer local and global behaviours. CITAstudio / Page 18 – 19
The complexities arising from module variation and assembly methods are explored in both rigid and indeterminate, non-stationary systems. This introduces a parallel concern of structural properties and performance, which are investigated alongside spatial and architectural interests. Aggregation strategies can be aligned to a variety of digital design methods. For example, parametric and scripted tools allow the exploration of nested and recursive structures; rigid-body simulation permits the study of indeterminate assemblies that are ‘poured’ and settle by gravity; physical structures explore questions of tectonic and junction and lead to an appreciation of the architectural qualities that can arise from aggregated systems.
Adaptive Aggregations: prototyping inflatable aggregating elements.
Robot command and control using HAL
CITAstudio / Page 20 – 21 Opposite page Incremental robotic forming of clay
Design Led Coding: fractals. Jesper Nislev
CITAstudio / Page 22 – 23
Simulating Rigid Body Aggregations. Workshop with Corneel Cannearts.
Design Led Coding: Cellular Automata. Jesper Nislev
CITAstudio / Page 24 – 25
Aggregating multi-scale components using nested packing geometries. Lisbet Fritze Christensen, Mattias Lindskog, Henrik Malm, Anders Tversted, Yasemin Yilmaz
Design Led Coding: Cellular Automata. Jesper Nislev
CITAstudio / Page 26 – 27
Testing the implications of module variation on the flexibility of an aggregate. Lisbet Fritze Christensen, Mattias Lindskog, Henrik Malm, Anders Tversted, Yasemin Yilmaz
Design Led Coding: Cellular Automata. Jesper Nislev
CITAstudio / Page 28 – 29
Time-based aggregations testing interaction with underlying objects.
Workshop: Corrugated lightweight structural skins.
CITAstudio / Page 30 – 31
Aggregating patterns of rigid bodies
Design Led Coding: physics-based simulation. Jesper Nislev
CITAstudio / Page 32 – 33
Pre-calibrated illumination effects are achieved through the designed distribution of transparent surfaces. Lisbet Fritze Christensen, Mattias Lindskog, Henrik Malm, Anders Tversted, Yasemin Yilmaz
Design Led Coding: Fractals. Jesper Nislev
CITAstudio / Page 34 – 35 Modular graded spatial structure. Sebastian Gatz
Exhibition: Adaptive Aggregations. A restless shelter for R책bjerg Mile.
Design Led Coding: populations. Inès Klausberger
CITAstudio / Page 36 – 37
Image credit: Anders Ingvartsen
Image credit: Anders Ingvartsen
Design Led Coding: Force-based simulation. Jesper Nislev
CITAstudio / Page 38 – 39
The point cloud as site for ongoing design speculation. Adaptive Aggregations workshop with ScanLab.
III
disConti CITAstudio / Page 40 – 41
nuities
Resources
Experiments
CITA Robot Lab
disContinuities describe experiments that seek out opportunities for steering towards specificity and heterogeneity by means of design interventions that operate across scales and system boundaries.
CITAstudio / Page 42 – 43
Directed towards both material and immaterial systems, these experiments are critically aware that geometry is often not representative of the boundaries under consideration, nor is geometry able to capture the dynamics of temporally sensitive conditions. This demands appropriate methods of registration, representation and interpretation as a precursor to developing attitudes towards intervention and steering. Methods of registration supporting these interests include thermal and electrical sensing of designed graded materials, data gathering from sensing arrays at urban scale and physical simulation of dynamic systems. These registrations feed into experiments aimed towards making other kinds of boundary observable, malleable and controllable. These experiments cultivate territories beyond notions of efficiency and optimisation and include the use of magnetic fields to spatially distribute material constituents and open up possibilities for anisotropy, functionalisation and tailored thermal and electrical conductivity. Through the highly specified control of toolpaths, further experiments steer continuous material depositions as a means to create graded structures that aim towards modulation and participation within dynamic environments.
Tracking graded thermal conductivity over time. Jens jacob jul christensen, Darius Narmontas, Lina Baciuskaite, Teodor Petrov
Steered conductivity within thin concrete shells. Workshop with Bau Kunst Erfinden. Ana Goidea, Alice Choupeaux, Johan Lund Pedersen
Design Led Coding: surface-adaptive instantiation. Lyn Poon
CITAstudio / Page 44 – 45
Conductive iron rich concretes. Workshop with Bau Kunst Erfinden. Ana Goidea, Alice Choupeaux, Johan Lund Pedersen
Design Led Coding: information-based surface mappings. Lyn Poon
CITAstudio / Page 46 – 47 Opposite page Robotically moulded concrete. Using sandcasting as a remouldable material. Rafael KÜlmel
Flexible full scale mould for a thin-shelled vault. Workshop with Mark West
CITAstudio / Page 48 – 49 Robotically moulded concrete. Rafael Kölmel
Fieldtrip: Junkers Factory, Dessau
24.5 23.5 22.5 21.5 20.5 19.5 18.5 17.5 16.5 15.5 14.5 13.5 12.5 11.5 10.5
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CITAstudio / Page 50 – 51
10/04/2015 21:00
8.5
10/05/2015 05:00
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0.6 m 0.3 m + _ 0.0 m - 0.05 m
Ivy
A B3 B2
Stone tiles
B1
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Sand
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B1
D
C2 C1
Grass
D3
HDF
2.0 m
E
D2 D1
E3
1.6 m E1
1.9 m
1.9 m
Identifying and registering microclimates. Workshop with Billie Faircloth.
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Slow moving sand
Fast moving sand
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Projecting landscape at R책bjerg Mile. Ida Friis Thinning
5years
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15m
75m
Opposite page
Design Led Coding: anamorphic projection. Giselle Bouron
Physical simulations register the interaction of a moving architecture upon a moving landscape. Ida Friis Thinning
CITAstudio / Page 52 – 53
Fieldtrip: Junkers Factory, Dessau
EROSION along edge
SHELTERED by the curve
ACCUMULATION
BAG/EDGE
SLOBE
Opposite page
Geometry/flow interactions: simulation studies. Lina Baciuskaite, Ana Goidea, Magdalena Haslinger, Nicholas Mostovac
Marking the landscape: traces of a moving architecture. Ida Friis Thinning
CITAstudio / Page 54 – 55 Materially graded sail. Ida Friis Thinning
Performance-based evolutionary design strategies. Ida Friis Thinning
CITAstudio / Page 56 – 57
Synthetic 3D printed weaves: gravitational and toolpathing studies. Zeliha Asya Ilg端n
Design Led Coding: conic orientations. Terry Chun Yin Chan
CITAstudio / Page 58 – 59
Synthetic 3D printed weaves: variation of fabrication parameters as a means for differentiation. Zeliha Asya Ilg端n
CITAstudio / Page 60 – 61
Spatial studies of locally differentiated disruptive elements for a unified space-frame field. Jonas Ersson
IV
Interrog CITAstudio / Page 62 – 63
ations
Resources
Experiments
Performance-based evolutionary design strategies. Ida Friis Thinning
Interrogations explore physical and databased operations that produce experimental transforms, reconstructions and manipulations, in ways that introduce new spatial and dynamic narratives.
CITAstudio / Page 64 – 65
Digital modelling tools can be used to extract and encode measured material behaviour, allowing deformation to be studied, varied and specified as part of the design process. State of the art 3D laser scanning and data processing offers the ability to capture large scale environments with millimetre accuracy. The ability to search these digital resources opens up new possibilities for combinatoric operations, more informed resource use, and the specification of material, light and acoustic performance.
Opposite page Floating Space: exploratory surface studies in etched brass. Jonas Ersson
Simulation of fabric behaviours and mesh parameterisation. Olga Krukovskaya
CITAstudio / Page 66 – 67
Subtractive grading of timber to control bending in and out of plane. Miguel Ruiz-Rivas Avenda単o
Simulation of fabric behaviours and mesh parameterisation. Olga Krukovskaya
CITAstudio / Page 68 – 69 Graded flexibility in timber: registering bending radius and behaviour. Miguel Ruiz-Rivas Avendaùo
Simulation of fabric behaviours and mesh parameterisation. Olga Krukovskaya
CITAstudio / Page 70 – 71
LIDAR scanning as a basis for long-term resource maintenance and design resource. Anders Per-Kristian Hansson
Fieldtrip: Ferropolis.
CITAstudio / Page 72 – 73 Opposite page Automated shape recognition of resources from 3D point cloud. Anders Per-Kristian Hansson.
Design Led Coding: Recursion. Wenyu Wu
Identification of desired timber vectors and geometries from 3D point cloud. Anders Per-Kristian Hansson.
CITAstudio / Page 74 – 75
Calibrating robotic programming for the manipulation of soft materials
CITAstudio / Page 76 – 7 7 CNC hot wire cutting: studies in channeling light. Mathias Lindskog
Design Led Coding: surface populations. Inès Klausberger
CITAstudio / Page 78 – 79
Light channeling column: details and fabrication logic for extending beyond the rule surface method. Mathias Lindskog
LIGHT SLITZ
WATER CHANNEL
LIGHT CHANNEL
Design Led Coding: surface populations. Inès Klausberger
CITAstudio / Page 80 – 81 Themal [Mass] Customisation: designing the thermal characteristics of an urban public space. Site plan, showing thermal gradients. Lyn Poon
Digital draping: form-finding vaulted structures. Mathias Lindskog
Codiing logics for space-frames and panelisation. Jonas Ersson
CITAstudio / Page 82 – 83
Free fabrication facility for Wolfsburg: plans and section. Ana Goidea, Anders Per Kristian Hansson, Janusz Maczewski, Wenyu Wu
CITAstudio / Page 84 – 85
V
CITAstudio / Page 86 – 87
Dissipat Architec
ive tures
Resources
Experiments
CITAstudio / Page 88 – 89
Led by Philip Beesley, this research workshop implements emerging technologies for responsive architecture. Capable of sensing, actuation and learning, emerging technologies make it possible to rethink architecture not as something static, but rather as entities and environments able to respond and adapt to changing conditions, and capable of mutual exchange with their occupants. This shift poses new considerations and opportunities for architectural design - how can these ‘living’ systems function, and how can they be designed and adapted within architecture? The research workshop develops an installation that includes LED lighting, infra-red sensors, acoustic and physical actuators and shape-memory alloys. It pursues three lines of exploration: the aggregation and distribution of kinetic mechanisms and assemblies into interactive networks; the clarification of new possibilities for acoustic response, which emerge from a temporal sampling of the environment; and the use of machine learning algorithms – specifically Curiosity Based Learning Algorithms – to allow for constantly evolving responses to occupants exploring the environment.
CITAstudio / Page 90 – 91 Kinetic frond with LED, elevation
Design Led Coding: cellular automata. Anders Per-Kristian Hansson
CITAstudio / Page 92 – 93
Kinetic frond, axonometric
Design Led Coding: branching. Anders Per-Kristian Hansson
CITAstudio / Page 94 – 95 Nesting for CNC fabrication
CITAstudio / Page 96 – 97
Installation configuration and rigging
Progression of a machine learning algorithm. Workshop with Mateusz Zwierzycki. Ana Goidea
CITAstudio / Page 98 – 99 Image credit: Anders Ingvartsen
Progression of a machine learning algorithm. Workshop with Mateusz Zwierzycki. Ana Goidea
CITAstudio / Page 100 – 101 Image credit: Anders Ingvartsen
Progression of a machine learning algorithm. Workshop with Mateusz Zwierzycki. Ana Goidea
CITAstudio / Page 102 – 103
Image credits: Anders Ingvartsen
VI
Reciproc CITAstudio / Page 104 – 105
cities
Resources
Experiments
Robotic programming and simulation using HAL
Reciprocities explore how productive interdependencies between material, fabrication process and environment can be sites for design. These experiments develop strategies that distribute the location of design parameters and behavioural intelligence across these boundaries. They investigate how the precision of robotics can provide new means to engage with impreciseG materials, and how control mechanisms for \\ CLAY ROCKIT form or movement might be placed into either environments or material ecosystems.
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CITAstudio / Page 106 – 107
P RessuRe : 1 bAR no P lAsTic bAg
rouP
\ GiseLLe Bouron \ JoAo PAuLo CArrAsCozA \ Wenyu Wu
6mm holes attachment to robot
160MM
Gripper
70MM DIM steel cylinder
Converter for air compressor attachment 210MM
Container Barrel
30MM
Pusher
Nuts welded onto ‘L’ brackets for securing changeable profiles Screw to guide pusher to and act as stopper
Changeable profile designs
6MM bolts to attach profile
Profile
Robotic clay extrusion: mapping results from variable nozzel configurations. Lyn Poon, Zeliha Asya Ilg端n
Digital fabrication direct from physics-based form-finding.
CITAstudio / Page 108 – 109
Simulating resistance and behaviour of clay under force. Chen-Chi Lo, Eduardo De Francisco Del Saz, John Reynders, Miguel Ruiz-Rivas Avenda単o.
CITAstudio / Page 110 – 111
Simulating resistance and behaviour of clay under force. Chen-Chi Lo, Eduardo De Francisco Del Saz, John Reynders, Miguel Ruiz-Rivas Avenda単o
Drone-based 3D scanning and point cloud registration
CITAstudio / Page 112 – 113 Displaced environmental intelligence for real-time control: Jonas Ersson
Adaptable responsive component: study of membrane restrained, bending active deflection under loading. Ida Friis Thinning, Inès Klausberger, Tadeas Klaban
Flexible digital moulds for complex, thin-shelled vaults. Workshop with Mark West
CITAstudio / Page 114 – 115
Adaptable responsive component: Built prototypes. Ida Friis Thinning, Inès Klausberger, Tadeas Klaban.
Design Led Coding: 3D cellular automata. Lukasz Wlodarczyk
CITAstudio / Page 116 – 117
Reciprocal behaviours: form-finding of tensile and space-frame hybrids. Jonas Ersson
Recursion mapped onto a complex surface. Jonas Ersson
CITAstudio / Page 118 – 119 Opposite page Refractive geometries: lens studies. Jonas Ersson
Adaptable responsive component: simulation of actuation. Ida Friis Thinning, Inès Klausberger, Tadeas Klaban
CITAstudio / Page 120 – 121 Opposite page Soft Envelope: animating supple architectural surfaces. Olga Krukovskaya
Soft Envelope: animating supple architectural surfaces for a site on the west coast of Jylland. Olga Krukovskaya
Steering thermal microclimates: simulation studies. Lina Baciuskaite, Ana Goidea, Magdalena Haslinger, Nicholas Mostovac.
CITAstudio / Page 122 – 123
VII
scalarHi CITAstudio / Page 124 – 125
erachies
Resources
Experiments scalarHierachies collects digital and physical experimental approaches to the programming of a substrate so as to activate desired behaviours at larger scales of material, element or building.
CITAstudio / Page 126 – 127
Digital tools provide new opportunities to explore specification at a small scale and to extrapolate specific ranges of behaviour at a larger scale. Materials with programmed porosity, found through the use of simulation and search algorithms, can be designed to exhibit desired deformations or resistances under loading. Localised control of positioning can be linked to global refractive effects, while the designed aggregation of units determines degrees of freedom for physical and digital form finding processes.
Robotic Clay: recursive, nested impressions. Magdalena Haslinger, Rafael Kรถlmel, Miguel Ruiz-Rivas, Wenyu Wu
Flexible moulds for thin-shelled vaults and complex wall geometries in masonry. Workshop with Mark West
Unit topologies and physical behaviours.
CITAstudio / Page 128 – 129 Opposite page Cellular Automata as means for material grading. Jens Jacob Jul Christensen
Design Led Coding: branching algorithms. Eduardo de Francisco del Saz
CITAstudio / Page 130 – 131 Opposite page Refraction studies. Sofia C. Adolfsson, Oskar A .S. Edström, Margarita Isabel Huszár, Jonas Ersson, Jesper Wallgren, Ida Friis Tinning
Design Led Coding: branching algorithms. Eduardo de Francisco del Saz
CITAstudio / Page 132 – 133 Physics-based form-finding for materially graded vaulting structures. Jens Jacob Jul Christensen
Structurally informed material design through evolutionary optimisation
Design Led Coding: branching algorithms. Eduardo de Francisco del Saz
CITAstudio / Page 134 – 135
Opposite page Nesting studies: synclastic and anticlastic forming. Sofia C. Adolfsson, Oskar A .S. Edstrรถm, Margarita Isabel Huszรกr, Jonas Ersson, Jesper Wallgren, Ida Friis Tinning
Design Led Coding: surface populations. Magdalena Haslinger
CITAstudio / Page 136 – 137 Cascading Luminescence: tensile formfinding of pathways. Sofia C. Adolfsson, Oskar A .S. Edström, Margarita Isabel Huszár, Jonas Ersson, Jesper Wallgren, Ida Friis Tinning
Design Led Coding: surface populations. Magdalena Haslinger
CITAstudio / Page 138 – 139
Image credits: Anders Ingvartsen
Cascading Luminescence: installation. Sofia C. Adolfsson, Oskar A .S. Edstrรถm, Margarita Isabel Huszรกr, Jonas Ersson, Jesper Wallgren, Ida Friis Tinning
Image credits: Anders Ingvartsen
VIII
Tempora CITAstudio / Page 140 – 141
alities
Resources
Experiments
Design Led Coding: adaptive surface instantiation
Investigating the possibilities of an architecture that incorporates time as a fundamental forming element, these experiments look to the productive engagement of temporalities associated with material behaviour, thermal conductivity and biological growth processes.
CITAstudio / Page 142 – 143
Simulation provides a means for design to escape the static and engage with dynamic, temporal requirements. The experiments collected here speculate about seasonal accommodations designed through an intimate knowledge of bending behaviour, as well as structural skins programmed to optimally diffuse daylight for Nordic environments. Temporal simulation allows them to also probe the limits of what we make architecture with, by predicting the growth processes of urban façade farming, and the processes of thermal energy transfer by which multi-material structures can condition public spaces.
Tracking continuous change of natural aggregrates at multiple scales.
Multiscale mesh refinement. Giselle Bouron
LIDAR registration and point cloud analysis tools
CITAstudio / Page 144 – 145
Form-finding of bending active structures using physics-based simulation. Lukasz Wlodarczyk
Coding thermal conductivity tools
CITAstudio / Page 146 – 147
Simulating thermal conductivity through bi-material spatial units. Lyn Poon
0.3 m
Metal internal pipes Epidermis
Dissipation/Absorption - Lower surface area
Concrete mass
External heat source 1.5 m
Tertiary paths Secondary paths
Dissipation/Absorption - Greater surface area
1 hrs 2 hrs 3 hrs
Primary paths
Internal heat source 3 hours
Coding thermal conductivity tools
CITAstudio / Page 148 – 149
Prototyping convective surfaces: studies in surface modulation. Lyn Poon
Cloth simulation: predicting pressed surfaces
CITAstudio / Page 150 – 151 Prototyping fabrication: complex porous geometry to be filled through additive metal casting. Lyn Poon
Cloth simulation: predicting pressed surfaces
CITAstudio / Page 152 – 153 Adaptive systems for temporary inhabitation. Lukasz Wlodarczyk
CITAstudio / Page 154 – 155 Adaption based on local climatic and topographic specificities. Lukasz Wlodarczyk
Adaptable public inflatable structure responding to solar conditions. Eduardo De Francisco Del Saz
Design Led Coding: anamorphic projection. Tadeas Klaban
CITAstudio / Page 156 – 157
Raytracing studies of spacer geometries to specify the transmission of diffuse light through a stuctural shell. Hulda Jonsdottir
100%
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70% 45%
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Design Led Coding: surface-based mapping. Lyn Poon
CITAstudio / Page 158 – 159
Simulation of tensile fabric behaviour using dynamic relaxation. Lukasz Wlodarczyk
CITAstudio / Page 160 – 161
Testing the implications of variable seed distribution and growth direction. Magdalena Haslinger
Generative thermal manipulation using Cellular Automata. Johan Lund Pedersen, Jonas Weis Mortensen
CITAstudio / Page 162 – 163 Inflation as means to adaptively regulate interior an microclimate. Lukasz Wlodarczyk
Workshop: Arduino and electronics
CITAstudio / Page 164 – 165
Growing guided and dynamic green boundaries. Magdalena Haslinger
Opposite page Abstracted growth logics are the basis for a generative design process. Magdalena Haslinger
CITAstudio / Page 166 – 167
Credits
Editor
Text
CITAstudio / Page 168 – 168
Paul Nicholas Phil Ayres Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen Martin Tamke
Clausen Grafisk Copies 500 Paper Munken Lynx 150g Gallerie Art Silk 300g
Paul Nicholas Phil Ayres Design
Isbn 978-87-7830-381-3
NR2154 Layout
Daniel Siim
© 2016 Published by The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Schools of Architecture, Design and Conservation Institute of Architecture and Technology IBT Philip de Langes Allé 10 DK-1435 Copenhagen K Denmark +45 41701515
ISBN 978-87-7830-381-3
ISBN 978-87-7830-381-3
The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts Schools of Architecture, Design and Conservation Institute of Architecture and Technology
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CITAstudio: Computation in Architecture is a two year International Master’s Programme at The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture. With a focus on digital design and material fabrication the programme questions how computation is changing our spatial, representational and material cultures. Through hands-on experimentation and production the programme emphasises learningthrough-doing as a principle method for exploring computation as a means to pursue speculative design, experimental fabrication, material actuation and complex modelling.