SWITCH AND RIDE Climate Design & Sustainability - Mobility theme KULeuven - Departement Architecture Gent 2017 MO2: Claudia Diana, Giulia Azaria, Quinten Van Sever, Randa El Hallak, Valentina Marcello
TEAM & CONTENT
TEAM & RESPONSIBILITIES
CONTEXT Location: Gent-Damport, 9000 Gent
Claudia Diana Sustainable Concept
Existing situation: Dampoort train station with empty lot
Giulia Azaria
FUNCTIONS
Positive Impact
Mobility switch Hub with working spaces and sleepbox
Quinten Van Severen Smart Building
Randa El Hallak Team Manager / City Councillor
BASIC DATA (both buildings) Footprint: 2903 m2 Total surface m2: 8.030 m2 Total m3:15.638 m3
Valentina Marcello
Maximum capacity: 2143 people
Low Technics
MOBILITY
SPACE
Bicycle parking: 4.000
Density: 0,24 inh/m2
Electric bicycle sharing: 60
Working spaces: All-in one workspace about hemp, mobility offices and commerce
Car sharing: 150 Car sharing parking spot: 5 New public bus stop: 1 + 1 taxiboat stop Private bus parking: 6 New bike path: 2 Train platform: 3
Climate Design
New jobs created: 155 Sleepbox Hotel: 57 guests
ENERGY
WATER
gains and demands / incl. (Heating and Ventilation )
water cycle / in and out
heating: 14,85 Wh/m2.yr
total potable water demand: 51.432.000 l/yr
summer heating: %
rainwater collector: cover (6.468 m2)
cooling: 7,6 kWh/m2.yr
total water production: 5.174.400 l/yr
total energy demand: 22,45 kWh/m2.yr total energy production: 21,6 kWh/m2.yr PV panels: cover (5.413 m2)
MATERIALS
NATURE
which and why
number of existing trees: 1
Insulation: hemb blocks (village production)
number of new trees: 10
Structure: CLT panels
green roof: 516 m2
Basement and foundation: concrete the main sustainable materials: CLT panels + m2
KULeuven . 2017
INDEX 1. SUSTAINABLE CONCEPT - general overwiev - positive impact
2. CITY LEVEL - Gent existing situation analysis - Gent mobility plan 2017 - Car free area 2050 - Gent mobility plan 2050
3. VILLAGE LEVEL - Dampoort existing situation analysis - Village concept - Village mobility - Boulevard
4. BUILDING LEVEL - concept building - plans - orientation and natural ventilation - sections - water - energy - structure - material - details
Climate Design
GENERAL OVERVIEW
Dampoort historically acted as a gateway to the city center. Even today it is the first stop for visitors arriving from Antwerp, the Netherlands, and nearby industry (other smaller towns). Dampoort has undergone diverse reformations to its urban fabric structure in attempt to deal with traffic, social inclusion and the brownfields left behind by the industrial sector. The fallow land and in-between leftover spaces need to be revitalized to accommodate the growing population.The future scenario focuses on the importance of the dampoort site, in relation to the city. It will be transformed into a sustainable extension of the city. What is now an industrial wasteland will become a multifunctional healthy part of the city, defined by different layers of urban complexity. The village is a cluster of different entities, completely dependent on each other but self sustaining as a whole. The main themes integrated in the village are different modes of transportation, job creation and economy, integration of greenery into the urban fabric, and a strong link between the site’s history and its future. This cluster will serve as the bottle neck entrance to the city. The future vision for Gent is to have a completely car free city center. Slower and shared mobility will be the main modes of transportation. This means all faster mobility with a bigger ecological footprint will have to be abandoned outside the periphery of the center. This project will provide the exchange point for all modes of transportation. It is the point where commuters stop to choose their preferred method of transportation. For those entering the city, they get off the train or ditch their cars to get on a bicycle, with options of both fast and slow lane, public transport (bus-tram), or even get on a taxi boat to enter the city center. Those going in the opposite direction will park their shared bike at the station, and get on a bus, boat, train, or rent a shared car to head back towards the suburbs. The building thus reclaims its historical importance in a modern context, as a place where people Switch ’n Ride Baby. In addition to being the main exchange point for modes of transportation, the station will be a smart building that
contributes to its surroundings through culture as well as efficiency. The main station is facing the south in order to maximize potential of natural service such as natural lighting and ventilation. The structure also allows for very efficient mechanical heating when the sun power is not enough. Each ‘box’ is its own compartment, closed off and can be efficiently heated or cooled due to its compactness. Solar PV panels on the roof collect more than enough energy for the station, but the glass roof could result in undesired heating during the summer. Roof garden vegetation absorb this heat and block it from going through the floors. Shades installed also protect the building from unwanted sun waves during the summer to make cooling more efficient. The roof is also a rain water collector sufficient for the water needs of the building. In cities we are very concerned about the heat island effect where the small water cycle is interrupted due to the serial paving of open spaces. Impermeable ground doesn’t allow evapotranspiration which results in high uncomfortable temperatures. To protect gent from the urban heat island effect, green and blue fingers will spread through the city efficiently reducing temperatures. In the station’s public square and common courtyard vegetation is planted to maintain small water cycles and protect the area from overheating. The structure chosen is designed to make the building future proof. Interior layout is flexible to accommodate the changes that the building will need to adapt to. Cross laminated wooden slabs, and laminated columns and beams make up the main skeletal structure of the building following a grid. Inner partitions are completely independent of the structure, making the plan open and flexible for future adaptation. Vertical circulation connecting platforms and different programs consist of elevators, stairs, and ramps for a universal design accommodating the needs of all types of users. Hempcrete is used for insulation, not only is it an ecological material but it is also provided by the village- completing part of the circle. The material is chosen due to its flexibility, low embodied energy, and efficiency. One main issue in the site is social and physical segregation. The train tracks seem to make up a border separating the two sides. Permeability in architecture and society where the building creates a physical connection underneath the tracks as well as a cultural link between two sides, responding to the social inequities. The building will bring them together with workshops, classes, and an employment office for equal opportunity. An elevated bike lane is the backbone of faster mobility. The bike lane connects to the parks existing in the city, to efficiently collect biomass and transport it to the energy supplier. The lane is equipped with kinetic plates that transform the potential gravitational energy of the biker into electricity lighting up the floor, making it a self-sufficient infrastructure for mobility.
KULeuven . 2017
This project is a response to the issues facing Dampoort today, envisioned for 2030. However, it is to be considered a prototype for dealing with city gates in that it is flexible to adapt to a number of different scenarios. By introducing green and blue fibers to the city, harvesting solar and kinetic energy, collecting rainwater, and providing equal opportunity for inhabitants, this vision alleviates the environment from the existing urban burden that doesn’t contribute by giving back to nature
HOW DO WE ACHIEVE
ZIB future building reuse
flexibility
energy production
water production and recycling
recycling
Climate Design
KULeuven . 2017
Netherlands
Bruges
Antwerp
Bruges
N62
R4
R40
st niklaas
R40
Wachtebeke
Sint Niklaas N9 Lochristi
Ghent Dampoort
historic center
Nazareth
Aalst
Kortrijk
Brussels Gent zuid
Lille
R40
R40
Connections from Gent to surrounding
Traffic analysis Gent
Connections inside Gent
fast
slow
8:30
Dampoort population (2016):
13:15
12,549 inhabitant
18:20 Area: 1,46 km2
Population density: 1.633 inh/m2 Green areas: 10.000 m2
Dampoort
Gent
single parent families married without children
Climate Design
singles married with children
st niklaas
pedestrian & bicycle area 2017
Gent plan 2017
important bicycle routes important extra-urban connections for vehicles train tracks
KULeuven . 2017
Future expansion of the car free area:
2017
2025
Cars are an essential part nowadays of the human life and way of moving. Changing a lifestyle is a slow process. By 2050 we plan to exclude all cars apart from car sharing, taxis and cars owned by people with special permits, to deal with congestion, pollution and traffic noise.
2035
2050
From Dampoort (A) to Korenmarkt (B) by bus: 11 mins
by (electric) car: 16 mins + parking time
by foot: 21 mins
by bicycle: 8 mins
Dampoort: the Door of Gent
From Bruxelles Central to Korenmarkt Gent
70 mins 64 km/h
parking time
11 mins 22 km/h
parking time
8 mins 10 km/h
Climate Design
60 mins 64 km/h
50 mins 40 km/h
pedestrian & bicycle area 2050
Gent plan 2050
important bicycle routes important extra-urban connections for vehicles train tracks new fast mobility bicycle lane
KULeuven . 2017
Vacant land and buildings unused and or declared uninhabitable.
opportunity to use some of the abandoned structures for a new function adapt. > 5 storey > 3 storey
< 3 storey
Density
Brown field: land and buildings that were part of an industrial property.
office cervices
Commerce
utilities
shops
industries
restaurants and bars
opportunity to give more open spaces to the blocks by demolishing some of the structures to let air and sun in.
Non place: green field disconnected green belt that creates physical barriers.
opportunity to create public places for the inhabitants and green to decrease heat island effect, etc. mobility stations
religious centers public services
Climate Design
Public
green public areas
potential green public areas
Cluster: building as edges Public space: community REFERENCE
Public Common Enclosed garden Square space
COMMERCIAL SPACES
MOBILITY HUB
ELEVATED BIKE LANE FAST CONNECTION
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Climate Design
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Village Phases 2017 >> 2050
P
P P
2017 phase 1
2019 phase 2
2024 phase 4
2033 phase 5
Climate Design
2021 phase 3
50 m 100 m 200 m 400 m
elevated fast bicyle line
Village mobility plan
slow bicycle line public bus stop
public bus route
private bus stop
rail track
car and car sharing parking area
public bus stop
car free area
400 m
Important extra-urban connections for vehicles
KULeuven . 2017
Village ground floor plan
Climate Design
existing situation ringroad
Boulevard design
reference Copenhagen
The ring road is a major player in the traffic of Gent. The urban village is car free but the ring road will remain an important passage for faster mobility. In order to make it more pedestrian friendly it is given the boulevard treatment. big car lanes and deserted small sidewalks will be replaced by spacious sidewalks with a lot of greenery bring the two sides of the roads together. The facades of the village will directly communicate with the facades of the existitng fabric through this human scale boulevard. Public transport will be a constant element going through the boulevard to encourage sharring.
section trough boulevard
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Climate Design
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D A M P O O R T S TAT I O N
D A M P O O R T S TAT I O N
CONCEPT Inclusivity & Permeability
D A M P O O R T S TAT I O N
Existing situation: the railway is a phisical and social division between neighbourhoods. The train station is not accessible or connected to the other side of the railway.
Project: the new station is the element of connection and permeability between two different neighboruhoods and communities. It creates a physical connection through the railway.
Flexibility
the building has a modular structure that allows it to be flexible over time. It can change easily its spaces due to the change of function: when in the future the current function will be dismissed it can take a new shape.
Climate Design
KULeuven . 2017
SLEEPBOX HOTEL AT E L I E R
FA S T L I N E B I K E PA R K I N G COMMERCE & B I K E PA R K I N G
OFFICES
bicycle parking S L E E Pplaces BOX HOTEL 2,500 AT E L I E R
COMMERCE
FA S T L I N Estorage B I K E PA R K I N G buffer tanks & B I K E PA R K I N G
OFFICES
server and systems SLEEPBOX HOTEL AT E L I E R
FA S T L I N E B I K E PA R K I N G Functions: COMMERCE
& B I K E PA R K I N G
OFFICES
mobility offices 110S m2 LEEPBOX HOTEL
AT E L I E R minimarket FA S T L I N E B I K E PA R K I N G 50 m2 COMMERCE &
bicycle parkingrestaurant 2,500 places 90 m2
B I K E PA R K I N G
OFFICES
mobility offices lockers 110 m2
restaurant 90 m2 hemp shop 30 m2 cafeteria 90 m2
delivering storage 90 m2
Sleepbox hotel 1,050 m2 (80 places)
train platforms
cafeteria 90 m2 waiting area 108 m2
minimarket 50 m2
Atelier 1,090 m2
bicycle parking 1,500 places
buffer storage hemp shop tanks 30 m2 server and systems
bicycle repair 90 m2
36 m2
room
classrooms 172 m2 employment office 78 m2
bicycle repair 90 m2
Atelier 1,090 m2
delivering storage 90 m2
Sleepbox hotel 1,050 m2 (80 places)
bicycle parking 1,500 places train platforms
waiting area 108 m2 lockers room 36 m2
practice lessons
classrooms 172 m2 employment office 78 m2
practice lessons
Mobility Switch:
shop
ALL-IN ONE WORKSPACE
material delivey
ALL-IN ONE WORKSPACE
theory
theo lesso
work spa
research lessons
working space
research
Climate Design
shop
material delivey
0
10
15
20 m
Ground floor +0,00 m KULeuven . 2017
SLEEPBOX HOTEL AT E L I E R
FA S T L I N E B I K E PA R K I N G COMMERCE & B I K E PA R K I N G
OFFICES
SLEEPBOX HOTEL AT E L I E R
FA S T L I N E B I K E PA R K I N G COMMERCE & B I K E PA R K I N G
OFFICES
SLEEPBOX HOTEL AT E L I E R
FA S T L I N E B I K E PA R K I N G Functions: COMMERCE
& B I K E PA R K I N G
OFFICES
bicycle parking 2,500 places buffer storage tanks server and systems 0
mobility offices 110 m2 minimarket 50 m2 restaurant 90 m2 hemp shop 30 m2
10
15
20 m
Basement -4,00 m
bicycle repair 90 m2
Atelier 1,090 m2
delivering storage 90 m2
Sleepbox hotel 1,050 m2 (80 places)
bicycle parking 1,500 places train platforms
cafeteria 90 m2 waiting area 108 m2 lockers room 36 m2 classrooms 172 m2parking Double bicycle system employment office 78 m2
Functions: bicycle repair 90 m2
Atelier 1,090 m2
delivering storage 90 m2
Sleepbox hotel 1,050 m2 (80 places)
practice lessons
bicycle parking 1,500 places train platforms
shop
ALL-IN ONE WORKSPACE
theo lesso
work spa
research
Climate Design
material delivey
m
0
10
15
20 m
First floor +4,50 m KULeuven . 2017
air
orage
ing s
ms
Atelier 1,090 m2
SLEEPBOX HOTEL AT E L I E R
FA S T LSleepbox I N E B I K E PA R Khotel ING OFFICES COMMERCE & m2 (80 places) 1,050 B I K E PA R K I N G
SLEEPBOX HOTEL AT E L I E R
FA S T L I N E B I K E PA R K I N G COMMERCE & B I K E PA R K I N G
OFFICES
Functions: Atelier 1,090 m2
e
Sleepbox hotel 1,050 m2 (80 places)
Proximity >> next Economy: practice lessons
shop
theory lessons
ALL-IN ONE WORKSPACE
practice lessons
research
working space
material delivey
shop
ALL-IN ONE WORKSPACE
working space
research
material delivey
Climate Design
theory lessons
Second floor +8,50 m
Second floor +4,50 m
Third floor +12,50 m
0
10
15
20 m
Roof
+17,00 m KULeuven . 2017
Natural ventilation and daylight Winter
Summer
Orientation
June 21
wind orientation
December 21
South
East
West
Climate Design
North
KULeuven . 2017
Climate Design
KULeuven . 2017
from the CITY through the BIKE LANE
DIGESTION
COMBUSTION
HOT/COLD WATER
ELECTRICITY
cover flat surface: 6468 m2
energy production village level RAINWATER AND GREY WATER
KINDERGARTEN
SANITARY CLEAN WATER
BLACK WATER
FILTRATION WADI SYSTEM FILTRATION
SPREAD IN THE ENVIRONMENT
rainwater collection village level
glass cover with photovoltaic cells (6767 m2)
ENERGY: - total surface photovoltaic cells: 5413 m2 - hour of solar radiation: 9 hours - energy production of one cell: 300 W - net total energy production: 21,6 kWh/m2yr - total energy production: 116.920 kWh/yr - total energy demand: 116.534 kWh/yr
WATER: - total surface rainwater collection: 6468 m2 - total collected water: 5.17.400 l/yr
wooden cover structure Climate Design
KULeuven . 2017
WATER
rainwater collector system
20x100 GLULAM beam
EPFTE Solar cells
60
Rain drainage pipes
cover detail - scale 1:20
Climate Design
15x40 GLULAM beam
24
urban heat island effect and small water cycle
KULeuven . 2017
Hot water production
Solar Constructions - Brussels Hybrid panels that mix electric energy and thermal energy production, able to fulfill the whole energy demand for electricity and water heating, thanks to solar collectors with heat exchangers.
The solar storage tank (947 gallons of capacity) is equipped with an immersion heater to guarantee a backup heat source when the PV production is not enough to heat the water properly. SInce it works electrically, its energy supply is still guaranteed by the panels themselves.
pv-panels
cold water to toilets
convector heating
buffer storage tank
solar storage tank
Climate Design
Wastewater treatment & Greywater reuse system
Black water
Aqua2Use GWDD is an innovative greywater reuse system that collects all the used water from sinks, showers and laundry, filters it, and then canalyzes it through a 2kwH/ML pump for our roof garden irrigation via subsurface dripper irrigation system. In this way, greywater doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t go directly to the water building (like the black waters of the toilets), but has a second chance to be helpful for the environment.
The only water flow that is not re-used from our building, but from the water building of the villge is the one produced by the black waters from the flushing of the toilets, because the limited amount of toilets, together with the sources needed to filter the dark waters arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t worth for re-use efforts
Aqua2Use GWDD
to the garden (ripped irrigation)
Aqua2Use greywater reuse device
to the water building
KULeuven . 2017
PREHEATED VENTILATION The glass covering the canopy incorporates
photovoltaic panels that provide both heat in the central water tank and electricity for lightning
throughout the building. As a secondary function,
it pre-heats the air under the canopy where a roof garden is situated. This clean air is extracted and used in the ventilation system.
GEOTHERMAL HEATPUMPS From the 4 structural cores in the base, vertical water-water heatpumps are installed to provide both heating and passive cooling through a fan-equipped heat provider.
Climate Design
NATURE greenroof detail - wood floor 2 cm - dry screed separating layer 15 cm - hemp insulation 50 cm - gravel 15 cm - trickle protection - CLT slab 25 cm
- plants - soil 30 cm - stailess steel curb 0,6 cm - waterproofing membrane - hemp insulation 50 cm - CLT slab 25 cm
SCALE 1:20
KULeuven . 2017
ENERGY & MOBILITY Harvesting kinetic energy Energy harvesting kinetic energy
floor lights kinteic road plate PZT transistor pipes
Elevated bike path
steel column aluminum flash collar sealant hardwood wedge dry sand galvanized steel foundation tube steel base plate steel support steel lightning ground
Foundation
Climate Design
1. selfsustaining sustaining electric bike bike 1. Self electric
rotational kintetic energy from pedalling is converted into electric energy by the rotor and stored in back wheel.
ghts road plate
stored energy can be used to power the electric bikecreated a self sustaining hybrid bike
stor
2. Kinetic roadplates plates 2. kinetic road
1
5
2
3
3 7
4
6
4
7
(1) cyclist applies potential gravitational energy (weight) onto kinetic road plate (2) which is converted into electric energy by the two magnetic coils (3) This electricity is then stored in the electrodes (4) The electricity is then transferred to the floor lights (5) by the PZT (6) : piezoelectric material via electric wires (7) * Piezoelectric Effect is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress
KULeuven . 2017
STRUCTURE
Roof
Roof
REI 120 concrete wall + wood pannels REI 120 CLT column REI 120 CLT beam
L.2 +8,50
REI 120 concrete wall + wood pannels
3
REI 120 CLT column REI 120 CLT beam
L.1 +4,50
2
REI 120 concrete wall + wood pannels REI 120 CLT column REI 120 CLT beam
ound floor 1
REI 120 concrete wall + wood pannels REI 120 CLT column
Basement
0
REI 120 concrete wall REI 120 CLT column
REI 120 concrete wall
Climate Design
REI 120 Glulam column
REI 120 CLT slab
Timber frame erection sequence CLT slab beam infill connect H frame together
direction of contruction
H frame constructed on the ground and lifte into place
station under the railway REI 120 concrete wall REI 120 concrete column REI 120 CLT column REI 120 CLT beam
â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; frame connection detail
KULeuven . 2017
MATERIAL
Hempcrete insulation m続 Amount: 1336,185
Weight: 367450,875 kg Amount: 1336,185 m3 Weight: 367450,875 kg Embodied Energy: 1286078,06 MJ Embodied Energy: 1286078,06 MJ Embodied Carbon: 1 hectare of hemp will Embodied Carbon: 1 hectare of hemp will absorb up to absorb 18000 kg ofup C02to as 18000 it grows. kg of C02 as it grows The whole picture would include a measure of the
The whole picture would include a measure of the amount amount of energy saved by a material throughout of energy saved by a material throughout the lifetime of the lifetime of itsthat use. that of the emboits use. Considering theConsidering embo- died energy almost died energymaterial of almost any insulation material any insulation is insigni cant compared with theis insignificant with the energy saved by it energy saved bycompared it over the lifetime of the building.
over the lifetime of the building. Concrete Amount: 1076,2 m3 Weight: 1276200 kg Embodied Energy: 1416582 MJ Embodied Carbon: 202915,8 kgCO2
Concrete Amount: 1076,2 m続 Weight: 1276200 kg Embodied Energy: 1416582 MJ Embodied Carbon: 202915,8 kgCO2
Climate Design
CLT wood Amount: 2247,936 m続
Weight: Amount: 2247,936 m3 1011571,2 kg Weight: 1011571,2 kg Embodied Energy: 8598355,2 MJ Embodied Energy: 8598355,2 MJ Embodied Carbon: 465322,752 kgCO2 Embodied Carbon: 465322,752 kgCO2
During its growth, a tree absorbs carbon dioxid from the atmosphere. A building constructed w During its growth, a tree stores absorbscarbon carbon for dioxide from At the s solid wood centuries. the atmosphere. A building constructed with solid wood time, with the help of solar energy and photos stores carbon for centuries. At the same time, with the thesis, new trees grow back and absorb more help of solar energy and photosyn- thesis, new trees carbon. m続carbon. of wood grow back and absorbOne more Onestores m3 of approx. wood one to CO2, thus use of wood plays active role i stores approx. one ton the of CO2, thus the use of an wood plays an active role in reducing the greenhouse effect. reducing the greenhouse effect. Additionally, Additionally, it does not leave behindnot worthless rubbish, worthles it does leave behind but rather utilisable wood. Individual elements can be rubbish, but rather utilisable wood. Individual reused, while scrap wood can be used as a source of elements can be reused, while scrap wood can energy. used as a source of energy.
Positive impact:
Embodied CO2 (kg/m2)
CLT panels advantages: - quickly erected on site - prefabricated - design flexibility - cost competitiveness - fire protection - seismic performance - energy efficiency - envrinmental performance - up to 10% more living space gained
Option of reuse: Timber: - flooring - veneer for composite - recycling and waste to energy
Sawdust from the production: - animal bedding - compost - biomass
raw material from Austria
reused as biomass by the energy building
manufactured in Belgium
transported by train
use
prefabricated module
KULeuven . 2017
DETAILS
external wall (from inside to outside) - wooden board 2 cm - wooden board 2 cm - hemp insulation 40 cm - air void 25 cm - wooden panel 2 cm
o.
SCALE 1:20
i.
ceiling (from inside to outside) - plint and flexible joint - wood flooor 2 cm - dry screed separating layer 15 cm - waterproofing membrane - impact sound insulation 10 cm - gravel 15 cm - trickle protection - CLT slab 25 cm - wooden beam 50 cm
Climate Design
connection between glulan con concrete slab
- glulam (H profile) 50 cm - connector plates - bolts
SCALE 1:20
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Climate Design
KULeuven . 2017
Climate Design