Switch and Ride

SWITCH AND RIDE Climate Design & Sustainability - Mobility theme KULeuven - Departement Architecture Gent 2017 MO2: Claudia Diana, Giulia Azaria, Quinten Van Sever, Randa El Hallak, Valentina Marcello

TEAM & CONTENT

TEAM & RESPONSIBILITIES

CONTEXT Location: Gent-Damport, 9000 Gent

Claudia Diana Sustainable Concept

Existing situation: Dampoort train station

with empty lot

Giulia Azaria

FUNCTIONS

Positive Impact

Mobility switch Hub with working spaces and sleepbox

Quinten Van Severen Smart Building

Randa El Hallak Team Manager / City Councillor

BASIC DATA (both buildings) Footprint: 2903 m2 Total surface m2: 8.030 m2 Total m3:15.638 m3

Valentina Marcello

Maximum capacity: 2143 people

Low Technics

MOBILITY

SPACE

Bicycle parking: 4.000

Density: 0,24 inh/m2

Electric bicycle sharing: 60

Working spaces: All-in one workspace about

hemp, mobility offices and commerce

Car sharing: 150 Car sharing parking spot: 5 New public bus stop: 1 + 1 taxiboat stop Private bus parking: 6 New bike path: 2 Train platform: 3

Climate Design

New jobs created: 155 Sleepbox Hotel: 57 guests

ENERGY

WATER

gains and demands / incl. (Heating and Ventilation )

water cycle / in and out

heating: 14,85 Wh/m2.yr

total potable water demand: 51.432.000 l/yr

summer heating: %

rainwater collector: cover (6.468 m2)

cooling: 7,6 kWh/m2.yr

total water production: 5.174.400 l/yr

total energy demand: 22,45 kWh/m2.yr total energy production: 21,6 kWh/m2.yr PV panels: cover (5.413 m2)

MATERIALS

NATURE

which and why

number of existing trees: 1

Insulation: hemb blocks (village production)

number of new trees: 10

Structure: CLT panels

green roof: 516 m2

Basement and foundation: concrete the main sustainable materials: CLT panels + m2

KULeuven . 2017

INDEX 1. SUSTAINABLE CONCEPT - general overwiev - positive impact

2. CITY LEVEL - Gent existing situation analysis - Gent mobility plan 2017 - Car free area 2050 - Gent mobility plan 2050

3. VILLAGE LEVEL - Dampoort existing situation analysis - Village concept - Village mobility - Boulevard

4. BUILDING LEVEL - concept building - plans - orientation and natural ventilation - sections - water - energy - structure - material - details

Climate Design

GENERAL OVERVIEW

Dampoort historically acted as a gateway to the city center. Even today it is the first stop for visitors arriving from Antwerp, the Netherlands, and nearby industry (other smaller towns). Dampoort has undergone diverse reformations to its urban fabric structure in attempt to deal with traffic, social inclusion and the brownfields left behind by the industrial sector. The fallow land and in-between leftover spaces need to be revitalized to accommodate the growing population.The future scenario focuses on the importance of the dampoort site, in relation to the city.

It will be transformed into a sustainable extension of the city. What is now an industrial wasteland will become a multifunctional healthy part of the city, defined by different layers of urban complexity.

The village is a cluster of different entities, completely dependent on each other but self sustaining as a whole. The main themes integrated in the village are different modes of transportation, job creation and economy, integration of greenery into the urban fabric, and a strong link between the site’s history and its future.

This cluster will serve as the bottle neck entrance to the city. The future vision for Gent is to have a completely car free city center. Slower and shared mobility will be the main modes of transportation. This means all faster mobility with a bigger ecological footprint will have to be abandoned outside the periphery of the center. This project will provide the exchange point for all modes of transportation. It is the point where commuters stop to choose their preferred method of transportation. For those entering the city, they get off the train or ditch their cars to get on a bicycle, with options of both fast and slow lane, public transport (bus-tram), or even get on a taxi boat to enter the city center. Those going in the opposite direction will park their shared bike at the station, and get on a bus, boat, train, or rent a shared car to head back towards the suburbs. The building thus reclaims its historical importance in a modern context, as a place where people Switch ’n Ride Baby.

In addition to being the main exchange point for modes of transportation, the station will be a smart building that

contributes to its surroundings through culture as well as efficiency. The main station is facing the south in order to maximize potential of natural service such as natural lighting and ventilation. The structure also allows for very efficient mechanical heating when the sun power is not enough. Each ‘box’ is its own compartment, closed off and can be efficiently heated or cooled due to its compactness. Solar PV panels on the roof collect more than enough energy for the station, but the glass roof could result in undesired heating during the summer. Roof garden vegetation absorb this heat and block it from going through the floors. Shades installed also protect the building from unwanted sun waves during the summer to make cooling more efficient. The roof is also a rain water collector sufficient for the water needs of the building.

In cities we are very concerned about the heat island effect where the small water cycle is interrupted due to the serial paving of open spaces. Impermeable ground doesn’t allow evapotranspiration which results in high uncomfortable temperatures. To protect gent from the urban heat island effect, green and blue fingers will spread through the city efficiently reducing temperatures. In the station’s public square and common courtyard vegetation is planted to maintain small water cycles and protect the area from overheating.

The structure chosen is designed to make the building future proof. Interior layout is flexible to accommodate the changes that the building will need to adapt to. Cross laminated wooden slabs, and laminated columns and beams make up the main skeletal structure of the building following a grid. Inner partitions are completely independent of the structure, making the plan open and flexible for future adaptation. Vertical circulation connecting platforms and different programs consist of elevators, stairs, and ramps for a universal design accommodating the needs of all types of users. Hempcrete is used for insulation, not only is it an ecological material but it is also provided by the village- completing part of the circle. The material is chosen due to its flexibility, low embodied energy, and efficiency.

One main issue in the site is social and physical segregation. The train tracks seem to make up a border separating the two sides. Permeability in architecture and society where the building creates a physical connection underneath the tracks as well as a cultural link between two sides, responding to the social inequities. The building will bring them together with workshops, classes, and an employment office for equal opportunity.

An elevated bike lane is the backbone of faster mobility.

The bike lane connects to the parks existing in the city, to efficiently collect biomass and transport it to the energy supplier. The lane is equipped with kinetic plates that transform the potential gravitational energy of the biker into electricity lighting up the floor, making it a self-sufficient infrastructure for mobility.

KULeuven . 2017

This project is a response to the issues facing Dampoort today, envisioned for 2030. However, it is to be considered a prototype for dealing with city gates in that it is flexible to adapt to a number of different scenarios. By introducing green and blue fibers to the city, harvesting solar and kinetic energy, collecting rainwater, and providing equal opportunity for inhabitants, this vision alleviates the environment from the existing urban burden that doesn’t contribute by giving back to nature

HOW DO WE ACHIEVE

ZIB future building reuse

flexibility

energy production

water production and recycling

recycling

Climate Design

KULeuven . 2017

Netherlands

Bruges

Antwerp

Bruges

N62

R4

R40

st niklaas

R40

Wachtebeke

Sint Niklaas N9 Lochristi

Ghent Dampoort

historic center

Nazareth

Aalst

Kortrijk

Brussels Gent zuid

Lille

R40

R40

Connections from Gent to surrounding

Traffic analysis Gent

Connections inside Gent

fast

slow

8:30

Dampoort population (2016):

13:15

12,549 inhabitant

18:20 Area: 1,46 km2

Population density: 1.633 inh/m2 Green areas: 10.000 m2

Dampoort

Gent

single parent families married without children

Climate Design

singles married with children

st niklaas

pedestrian & bicycle area 2017

Gent plan 2017

important bicycle routes important extra-urban connections for vehicles train tracks

KULeuven . 2017

Future expansion of the car free area:

2017

2025

Cars are an essential part nowadays of the human life and way of moving. Changing a lifestyle is a slow process. By 2050 we plan to exclude all cars apart from car sharing, taxis and cars owned by people with special permits, to deal with congestion, pollution and traffic noise.

2035

2050

From Dampoort (A) to Korenmarkt (B) by bus: 11 mins

by (electric) car: 16 mins + parking time

by foot: 21 mins

by bicycle: 8 mins

Dampoort: the Door of Gent

From Bruxelles Central to Korenmarkt Gent

70 mins 64 km/h

parking time

11 mins 22 km/h

parking time

8 mins 10 km/h

Climate Design

60 mins 64 km/h

50 mins 40 km/h

pedestrian & bicycle area 2050

Gent plan 2050

important bicycle routes important extra-urban connections for vehicles train tracks new fast mobility bicycle lane

KULeuven . 2017

Vacant land and buildings unused and or declared uninhabitable.

opportunity to use some of the abandoned structures for a new function adapt. > 5 storey > 3 storey

< 3 storey

Density

Brown field: land and buildings that were part of an industrial property.

office cervices

Commerce

utilities

shops

industries

restaurants and bars

opportunity to give more open spaces to the blocks by demolishing some of the structures to let air and sun in.

Non place: green field disconnected green belt that creates physical barriers.

opportunity to create public places for the inhabitants and green to decrease heat island effect, etc. mobility stations

religious centers public services

Climate Design

Public

green public areas

potential green public areas

Cluster: building as edges Public space: community REFERENCE

Public Common Enclosed garden Square space

COMMERCIAL SPACES

MOBILITY HUB

ELEVATED BIKE LANE FAST CONNECTION

KULeuven . 2017

Climate Design

KULeuven . 2017

Village Phases 2017 >> 2050

P

P P

2017 phase 1

2019 phase 2

2024 phase 4

2033 phase 5

Climate Design

2021 phase 3

50 m 100 m 200 m 400 m

elevated fast bicyle line

Village mobility plan

slow bicycle line public bus stop

public bus route

private bus stop

rail track

car and car sharing parking area

public bus stop

car free area

400 m

Important extra-urban connections for vehicles

KULeuven . 2017

Village ground floor plan

Climate Design

existing situation ringroad

Boulevard design

reference Copenhagen

The ring road is a major player in the traffic of Gent. The urban village is car free but the ring road will remain an important passage for faster mobility. In order to make it more pedestrian friendly it is given the boulevard treatment. big car lanes and deserted small sidewalks will be replaced by spacious sidewalks with a lot of greenery bring the two sides of the roads together.

The facades of the village will directly communicate with the facades of the existitng fabric through this human scale boulevard.

Public transport will be a constant element going through the boulevard to encourage sharring.

section trough boulevard

KULeuven . 2017

Climate Design

KULeuven . 2017

D A M P O O R T S TAT I O N

D A M P O O R T S TAT I O N

CONCEPT Inclusivity & Permeability

D A M P O O R T S TAT I O N

Existing situation: the railway is a phisical and social division between neighbourhoods. The train station is not accessible or connected to the other side of the railway.

Project: the new station is the element of connection and permeability between two different neighboruhoods and communities. It creates a physical connection through the railway.

Flexibility

the building has a modular structure that allows it to be flexible over time.

It can change easily its spaces due to the change of function: when in the future the current function will be dismissed it can take a new shape.

Climate Design

KULeuven . 2017

SLEEPBOX HOTEL AT E L I E R

FA S T L I N E B I K E PA R K I N G COMMERCE & B I K E PA R K I N G

OFFICES

bicycle parking S L E E Pplaces BOX HOTEL 2,500 AT E L I E R

COMMERCE

FA S T L I N Estorage B I K E PA R K I N G buffer tanks & B I K E PA R K I N G

OFFICES

server and systems SLEEPBOX HOTEL AT E L I E R

FA S T L I N E B I K E PA R K I N G Functions: COMMERCE

& B I K E PA R K I N G

OFFICES

mobility offices 110S m2 LEEPBOX HOTEL

AT E L I E R minimarket FA S T L I N E B I K E PA R K I N G 50 m2 COMMERCE &

bicycle parkingrestaurant 2,500 places 90 m2

B I K E PA R K I N G

OFFICES

mobility offices lockers 110 m2

restaurant 90 m2 hemp shop 30 m2 cafeteria 90 m2

delivering storage 90 m2

Sleepbox hotel 1,050 m2 (80 places)

train platforms

cafeteria 90 m2 waiting area 108 m2

minimarket 50 m2

Atelier 1,090 m2

bicycle parking 1,500 places

buffer storage hemp shop tanks 30 m2 server and systems

bicycle repair 90 m2

36 m2

room

classrooms 172 m2 employment office 78 m2

bicycle repair 90 m2

Atelier 1,090 m2

delivering storage 90 m2

Sleepbox hotel 1,050 m2 (80 places)

bicycle parking 1,500 places train platforms

waiting area 108 m2 lockers room 36 m2

practice lessons

classrooms 172 m2 employment office 78 m2

practice lessons

Mobility Switch:

shop

ALL-IN ONE WORKSPACE

material delivey

ALL-IN ONE WORKSPACE

theory

theo lesso

work spa

research lessons

working space

research

Climate Design

shop

material delivey

0

10

15

20 m

Ground floor +0,00 m KULeuven . 2017

SLEEPBOX HOTEL AT E L I E R

FA S T L I N E B I K E PA R K I N G COMMERCE & B I K E PA R K I N G

OFFICES

SLEEPBOX HOTEL AT E L I E R

FA S T L I N E B I K E PA R K I N G COMMERCE & B I K E PA R K I N G

OFFICES

SLEEPBOX HOTEL AT E L I E R

FA S T L I N E B I K E PA R K I N G Functions: COMMERCE

& B I K E PA R K I N G

OFFICES

bicycle parking 2,500 places buffer storage tanks server and systems 0

mobility offices 110 m2 minimarket 50 m2 restaurant 90 m2 hemp shop 30 m2

10

15

20 m

Basement -4,00 m

bicycle repair 90 m2

Atelier 1,090 m2

delivering storage 90 m2

Sleepbox hotel 1,050 m2 (80 places)

bicycle parking 1,500 places train platforms

cafeteria 90 m2 waiting area 108 m2 lockers room 36 m2 classrooms 172 m2parking Double bicycle system employment office 78 m2

Functions: bicycle repair 90 m2

Atelier 1,090 m2

delivering storage 90 m2

Sleepbox hotel 1,050 m2 (80 places)

practice lessons

bicycle parking 1,500 places train platforms

shop

ALL-IN ONE WORKSPACE

theo lesso

work spa

research

Climate Design

material delivey

m

0

10

15

20 m

First floor +4,50 m KULeuven . 2017

air

orage

ing s

ms

Atelier 1,090 m2

SLEEPBOX HOTEL AT E L I E R

FA S T LSleepbox I N E B I K E PA R Khotel ING OFFICES COMMERCE & m2 (80 places) 1,050 B I K E PA R K I N G

SLEEPBOX HOTEL AT E L I E R

FA S T L I N E B I K E PA R K I N G COMMERCE & B I K E PA R K I N G

OFFICES

Functions: Atelier 1,090 m2

e

Sleepbox hotel 1,050 m2 (80 places)

Proximity >> next Economy: practice lessons

shop

theory lessons

ALL-IN ONE WORKSPACE

practice lessons

research

working space

material delivey

shop

ALL-IN ONE WORKSPACE

working space

research

material delivey

Climate Design

theory lessons

Second floor +8,50 m

Second floor +4,50 m

Third floor +12,50 m

0

10

15

20 m

Roof

+17,00 m KULeuven . 2017

Natural ventilation and daylight Winter

Summer

Orientation

June 21

wind orientation

December 21

South

East

West

Climate Design

North

KULeuven . 2017

Climate Design

KULeuven . 2017

from the CITY through the BIKE LANE

DIGESTION

COMBUSTION

HOT/COLD WATER

ELECTRICITY

cover flat surface: 6468 m2

energy production village level RAINWATER AND GREY WATER

KINDERGARTEN

SANITARY CLEAN WATER

BLACK WATER

FILTRATION WADI SYSTEM FILTRATION

SPREAD IN THE ENVIRONMENT

rainwater collection village level

glass cover with photovoltaic cells (6767 m2)

ENERGY: - total surface photovoltaic cells: 5413 m2 - hour of solar radiation: 9 hours - energy production of one cell: 300 W - net total energy production: 21,6 kWh/m2yr - total energy production: 116.920 kWh/yr - total energy demand: 116.534 kWh/yr

WATER: - total surface rainwater collection: 6468 m2 - total collected water: 5.17.400 l/yr

wooden cover structure Climate Design

KULeuven . 2017

WATER

rainwater collector system

20x100 GLULAM beam

EPFTE Solar cells

60

Rain drainage pipes

cover detail - scale 1:20

Climate Design

15x40 GLULAM beam

24

urban heat island effect and small water cycle

KULeuven . 2017

Hot water production

Solar Constructions - Brussels Hybrid panels that mix electric energy and thermal energy production, able to fulfill the whole energy demand for electricity and water heating, thanks to solar collectors with heat exchangers.

The solar storage tank (947 gallons of capacity) is equipped with an immersion heater to guarantee a backup heat source when the PV production is not enough to heat the water properly. SInce it works electrically, its energy supply is still guaranteed by the panels themselves.

pv-panels

cold water to toilets

convector heating

buffer storage tank

solar storage tank

Climate Design

Wastewater treatment & Greywater reuse system

Black water

Aqua2Use GWDD is an innovative greywater reuse system that collects all the used water from sinks, showers and laundry, filters it, and then canalyzes it through a 2kwH/ML pump for our roof garden irrigation via subsurface dripper irrigation system.

In this way, greywater doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t go directly to the water building (like the black waters of the toilets), but has a second chance to be helpful for the environment.

The only water flow that is not re-used from our building, but from the water building of the villge is the one produced by the black waters from the flushing of the toilets, because the limited amount of toilets, together with the sources needed to filter the dark waters arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t worth for re-use efforts

Aqua2Use GWDD

to the garden (ripped irrigation)

Aqua2Use greywater reuse device

to the water building

KULeuven . 2017

PREHEATED VENTILATION The glass covering the canopy incorporates

photovoltaic panels that provide both heat in the central water tank and electricity for lightning

throughout the building. As a secondary function,

it pre-heats the air under the canopy where a roof garden is situated. This clean air is extracted and used in the ventilation system.

GEOTHERMAL HEATPUMPS From the 4 structural cores in the base, vertical water-water heatpumps are installed to provide both heating and passive cooling through a fan-equipped heat provider.

Climate Design

NATURE greenroof detail - wood floor 2 cm - dry screed separating layer 15 cm - hemp insulation 50 cm - gravel 15 cm - trickle protection - CLT slab 25 cm

- plants - soil 30 cm - stailess steel curb 0,6 cm - waterproofing membrane - hemp insulation 50 cm - CLT slab 25 cm

SCALE 1:20

KULeuven . 2017

ENERGY & MOBILITY Harvesting kinetic energy Energy harvesting kinetic energy

floor lights kinteic road plate PZT transistor pipes

Elevated bike path

steel column aluminum flash collar sealant hardwood wedge dry sand galvanized steel foundation tube steel base plate steel support steel lightning ground

Foundation

Climate Design

1. selfsustaining sustaining electric bike bike 1. Self electric

rotational kintetic energy from pedalling is converted into electric energy by the rotor and stored in back wheel.

ghts road plate

stored energy can be used to power the electric bikecreated a self sustaining hybrid bike

stor

2. Kinetic roadplates plates 2. kinetic road

1

5

2

3

3 7

4

6

4

7

(1) cyclist applies potential gravitational energy (weight) onto kinetic road plate (2) which is converted into electric energy by the two magnetic coils (3) This electricity is then stored in the electrodes (4) The electricity is then transferred to the floor lights (5) by the PZT (6) : piezoelectric material via electric wires (7) * Piezoelectric Effect is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress

KULeuven . 2017

STRUCTURE

Roof

Roof

REI 120 concrete wall + wood pannels REI 120 CLT column REI 120 CLT beam

L.2 +8,50

REI 120 concrete wall + wood pannels

3

REI 120 CLT column REI 120 CLT beam

L.1 +4,50

2

REI 120 concrete wall + wood pannels REI 120 CLT column REI 120 CLT beam

ound floor 1

REI 120 concrete wall + wood pannels REI 120 CLT column

Basement

0

REI 120 concrete wall REI 120 CLT column

REI 120 concrete wall

Climate Design

REI 120 Glulam column

REI 120 CLT slab

Timber frame erection sequence CLT slab beam infill connect H frame together

direction of contruction

H frame constructed on the ground and lifte into place

station under the railway REI 120 concrete wall REI 120 concrete column REI 120 CLT column REI 120 CLT beam

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; frame connection detail

KULeuven . 2017

MATERIAL

Hempcrete insulation m続 Amount: 1336,185

Weight: 367450,875 kg Amount: 1336,185 m3 Weight: 367450,875 kg Embodied Energy: 1286078,06 MJ Embodied Energy: 1286078,06 MJ Embodied Carbon: 1 hectare of hemp will Embodied Carbon: 1 hectare of hemp will absorb up to absorb 18000 kg ofup C02to as 18000 it grows. kg of C02 as it grows The whole picture would include a measure of the

The whole picture would include a measure of the amount amount of energy saved by a material throughout of energy saved by a material throughout the lifetime of the lifetime of itsthat use. that of the emboits use.

Considering theConsidering embo- died energy almost died energymaterial of almost any insulation material any insulation is insigni cant compared with theis insignificant with the energy saved by it energy saved bycompared it over the lifetime of the building.

over the lifetime of the building.

Concrete Amount: 1076,2 m3 Weight: 1276200 kg Embodied Energy: 1416582 MJ Embodied Carbon: 202915,8 kgCO2

Concrete Amount: 1076,2 m続 Weight: 1276200 kg Embodied Energy: 1416582 MJ Embodied Carbon: 202915,8 kgCO2

Climate Design

CLT wood Amount: 2247,936 m続

Weight: Amount: 2247,936 m3 1011571,2 kg Weight: 1011571,2 kg Embodied Energy: 8598355,2 MJ Embodied Energy: 8598355,2 MJ Embodied Carbon: 465322,752 kgCO2 Embodied Carbon: 465322,752 kgCO2

During its growth, a tree absorbs carbon dioxid from the atmosphere. A building constructed w During its growth, a tree stores absorbscarbon carbon for dioxide from At the s solid wood centuries. the atmosphere. A building constructed with solid wood time, with the help of solar energy and photos stores carbon for centuries. At the same time, with the thesis, new trees grow back and absorb more help of solar energy and photosyn- thesis, new trees carbon. m続carbon. of wood grow back and absorbOne more Onestores m3 of approx. wood one to CO2, thus use of wood plays active role i stores approx. one ton the of CO2, thus the use of an wood plays an active role in reducing the greenhouse effect. reducing the greenhouse effect.

Additionally, Additionally, it does not leave behindnot worthless rubbish, worthles it does leave behind but rather utilisable wood.

Individual elements can be rubbish, but rather utilisable wood.

Individual reused, while scrap wood can be used as a source of elements can be reused, while scrap wood can energy. used as a source of energy.

Positive impact:

Embodied CO2 (kg/m2)

CLT panels advantages: - quickly erected on site - prefabricated - design flexibility - cost competitiveness - fire protection - seismic performance - energy efficiency - envrinmental performance - up to 10% more living space gained

Option of reuse: Timber: - flooring - veneer for composite - recycling and waste to energy

Sawdust from the production: - animal bedding - compost - biomass

raw material from Austria

reused as biomass by the energy building

manufactured in Belgium

transported by train

use

prefabricated module

KULeuven . 2017

DETAILS

external wall (from inside to outside) - wooden board 2 cm - wooden board 2 cm - hemp insulation 40 cm - air void 25 cm - wooden panel 2 cm

o.

SCALE 1:20

i.

ceiling (from inside to outside) - plint and flexible joint - wood flooor 2 cm - dry screed separating layer 15 cm - waterproofing membrane - impact sound insulation 10 cm - gravel 15 cm - trickle protection - CLT slab 25 cm - wooden beam 50 cm

Climate Design

connection between glulan con concrete slab

- glulam (H profile) 50 cm - connector plates - bolts

SCALE 1:20

KULeuven . 2017

Climate Design

KULeuven . 2017

Climate Design