The Fascinating Story of
Beijing’s Redevelopment
Presented by: Group9 Carlos Lopez Lance Lilly Camilo Lopez
Executive Summary Scope of Work: 1. Introduction l Methodology Beijing Overview 2. Urban Redevelopment Area Central Business District 3. Urban Redevelopment Land Use Mix + Approaches 4. Urban Redevelopment Motivations 5. Stakeholders Involved 6. Resources 7. Implementation + Consequences 8. Summary
1 Introduction l Methodology Macro to Micro world
Country
City District
Mixture of Both Qualitative + Quantitative Research Methods
1 Introduction l Beijing Overview The Country within the World
s+ 0 mile 0 0 , 9 ox. r p Ap
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
China Geography
1 Introduction l Beijing Overview The City within the Country
Mongolia
Tiajin
Bohai Sea
Beijing: area.17% GDP20% Pop.1.5%
Pacific Ocean
Shanghai
China Beijing
India Hong Kong
Geography
1 Introduction l Beijing Overview Districts District Chaoyang Haidian Fengtai Changping Daxing Xicheng Tongzhou Fangshan Dongcheng Shunyi Shijingshan Pinggu Huairou Mentougou County Miyun Yanqing
Population 3,545,000 3,281,000 2,112,000 1,661,000 1,365,000 1,243,000 1,184,000 945,000 919,000 877,000 616,000 416,000 373,000 290,000
Density (per sq/km) 7,530 7,702 6,943 1,162 1,349 26,731 1,361 506 22,635 895 6,860 387 146 218
468,000 317,000
200 160
4000000 3500000 3000000 2500000 2000000 1500000 1000000 500000 0
14districts 2counties Geography
1 Introduction l Beijing Overview Ring Roads 1st Ring Road (1920s) Forbidden City 2nd Ring Road (1980s) Central City 3rd Ring Road (1980s) CBD 4th Ring Road (2001) Expressway 5th Ring Road (2000s) Expressway 6th Ring Road (2000s) Outer Expressway
6 transit ring roads
toTiajin
Geography
1 Introduction l Beijing Overview Rural vs. Urban
Urban Zone [Intensity]
Rural Zone Total Area 6,336.14 sq mi
Total Pop. 19,612,368 Chaoyang Pop. 3,545,000 Manhattan Pop. 1,626,159 Chicago Pop. 2,695,598
Geography
1 Introduction l Beijing Overview Demographics Population Sampling (1000 persons) 800
Age Group Sampling (1000 persons) 90
male l
700
Graphic source: Group9 Data source: Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics
young
80 70
600
60
500 400
Male
300
Female
200
50
Age 0 -14
40
Age15- 64
30
Age 65 and Over
20
100
10
0
0 1953
1964
1982
1990
2000
40000
30000
diploma
1400 1200 Junior College and Above
25000
Senior Secondary/Secondary
20000
Junior Secondary School
15000
Primary School
2000
Han Nationality
200
0 2000
Han
600
5000
1990
1990
800
400
1982
1982
1000
10000
1953 1964
1964
Nationality Sampling (1000 persons)
Attainment per Sampling (1000 persons)
35000
1953
Minority Nationalities
0 1953
1964
1982
1990
2000
1 Introduction l Beijing Overview Economics Gross Domestic Product 2007
Graphic source: Group9 Data source: Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics
Total Investment in Fixed Assets by Registration Status (1985-2007)
shared
1800
Primary Industry
1600
1. State-Owned
Secondary Industry
1400
2. Collective-Owned
Industry
1200
Construction
1000
Terciary Industry Product per capita (yuan, person) Product per capita (USD, person)
3. Joint-Owned
800
4. Share holidings
600
5. Hong Kong -Macao
400
6. Foreign Funded
200 0
7. Private 1
2
3
4
6
7
Compositions of Expentures for Tourism in Beijing (2007)
Total Gross Domestic Product (1978 - 2007) 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000
GDP
4000 3000 2000
Long distance Transportation ‌ 30 Air Others 25 20 Culture and 15 Entertainment 10 5 Scenic Spots 0 Sightseeing
Railway
Posts and Telecommunic..
Local Transportation‌
Shopping
1000 0
1978
5
1998
2007
transit Highway
Accommodation Food and Beverage
1 Introduction l Beijing Overview Land Development
Graphic source: Group9 Data source: Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics
Constructive Land (2007)
Statistics on Development Zones of Beijing (2007)
400
Number of Development Zones
350
Layout Area of Development Zones
250
Accumulated area of actual land acquisition Accumulated area of actual land development construction
high
300
200 150
Ser e 1
100 50 0
Accumulated area of land development completed
Accomplishment of Major Indicators on Development Zone of Beijing
Non-Utilized Land 600
Total profits completed Investment in Fixed Assets Completed
500
low
400
Increased Fixed Assets Floor Space of Buildings under Construction Floor Space of Buildings Completed
300 200 100
Total Revenue Completed 0
Gross Output Value(at current prices) Total profits completed
Ser e 1
2 Urban Redevelopment Area Central Business District (CBD)
Graphic source: SOM
density+congestion+highrise+modern+financial
2 Urban Redevelopment Area CBD Location
CBD: area1.5sqmi
0.8% of Chaoyang District
Forbidden City Palace
3 Dongdaqiao Rd
2
Chaoyang Rd
Tonghuihe Rd
4
2 Urban Redevelopment Area Land Use Planning of Beijing CBD-area
Graphic source: Group9 Data source: Beijing Urban Planning, Chaoyang District, p.67
Chaoyang Rd 3
1
3
3
3 3
4
4
4
1
8
8
8
1
Dongdaqiao Rd
3 1 1
8 8
8
4
3 8 5
3
8
8 1
4 3
8
3
3
1
8
1
1
8
1
1 1
1
3
3
3
8
2
2
8
8 8
1
8
3 1
1
8
8 1
5
2
1
1
8
8 1
8 1
1
2
1
8
3
3
4
4
8
8
8
8
1 6
8
3
4
8
8
8
8
4
4
1
1
Jianguo Rd 1 8 4
Tonghuihe
8
3
4
1
1 4
6
1
3 8
3 3
3
1
1
3
1
Guanghua Rd 1
8
8
East 4th Ring Road
3
East 3rd Ring Road
8
8 3 1
1
1
2
4 8
1. Office Bldg 2. Recreational 3. Mixed-Use 4. Residential 5. Educational 6. Infrastructure 7. Green Spaces
4 8
Rd
Tonghuihe River
CBD East Expansion
2 Urban Redevelopment Area Transportation
Graphic source: Group9 Data source: This is Beijing. China . Org
Subway Transit state-owned PPP development
CBD
it moves 9.7508 million people daily
2 Urban Redevelopment Area Daily Commuting
Source: ICPress.cn
3 Urban Redevelopment Land Use Mix + Approaches CBD East Expansion
“sustainable design”
Graphic source: Group9 Data source: SOM
3 Urban Redevelopment Land Use Mix + Approaches Land Use Proposal
Graphic source: Group9 Data source: SOM
Chaoyang Rd 1
3
3
3 3
4
1
7
7
Dongdaqiao Rd
4
4 3 3
7 5
3
7 1
1
7
7 1
4 1
7
1
1
7
1
1 1
1
3
7
7
8
5
1 2
2
4
7
7
7
1
7
7 1
7
1
3 61
1
3
3 1
1
7
7 1
2
1
1 6
3
1
2
7
1
7
3
4
7
7
7
4
4
1
1
Jianguo Rd 1 8
1
3
1
7 3 1
1
Tonghuihe
1
3 3
1
3
3
3
3
7
7 1
1
2
4 8
1
3
3
1
3
1 4
3
1
8
4
1
7
4
1
7
1 4
1
1
1
1
4
3
3
8
Office Residential Recreational
3
7
1
3
3
3
3
4
1
7
7 1
4
1
7 7
4
7
3 3
4
Guanghua Rd 1
4
7
1
3
4
3
3
3
3
1
4 4
4
7
4
3
1
3
3
7
3
3
1
7 7
7 1
7
3 4
1
4 7
East 4th Ring Road
3
3
East 3rd Ring Road
7
1
7
1
Rd
Tonghuihe River
1. Office Bldg 2. Recreational 3. Mixed-Use 4. Residential 5. Educational 6. Infrastructure 7. Green Spaces CBD East Expansion
METROPOLIS
Source: Beijing Municipality Planning Dept.
The Vision: Towards a Global Center
3 Urban Redevelopment Approaches The Vision: Towards a Global Center
3 Urban Redevelopment Approaches Improved Access + Mobility
Source: SOM
Airport
CBD
City Center
CO NN EC TI VI TY
3 Urban Redevelopment Approaches Rapid Construction
4 Urban Redevelopment Motivations
$
4 Urban Redevelopment Motivations Focus “World City Status”
Source: ICPress.cn
People’s Beijing + High-Tech Beijing + Green Beijing
4 Urban Redevelopment Motivations Global Media Attention
Olympic Games 2008 Bird’s Nest Clear
Source: ICPress.cn
4 Urban Redevelopment Motivations Global Media Attention
Olympic Games 2008 Bird’s Nest Polluted
Source: ICPress.cn
4 Urban Redevelopment Motivation Global Media Attention
+ -
Rapid Economic Growth Excessive consumption of Resources Serious Environmental Pollution Widening gap between rich and poor
4 Urban Redevelopment Motivation Focus on “Attracting High-Tech�
Source: ICPress.cn
Headquarters Economy + Producer-Oriented Services + Cultural + Creative Industries
Central Beijing Technology Park
4 Urban Redevelopment Motivation Historic Preservation
Zones vs Structures Preservation of Ancient City Restoration of Central Axis Protection of Cultural Relics
Source: ePhoto
4 Urban Redevelopment Motivation Historic Preservation Criticism
Source: FINNair
Hutong + Siheyuan Destruction + Government Silencing Media
5 Urban Redevelopment Stakeholders Involved Government Interests CPC Municipal Committee + Beijing Municipality + Private Sector
-Totalitarian Land Ownership
-Urban Regeneration Benefits Economic Development -Revenue from Land Leasing
-Additional Funding Options
5 Urban Redevelopment Stakeholders Involved Public Participation
Source: China Morning Post
Global Criticism + 5-Year Plan + Focus on Awareness + Education
State Council kicks off drafting of next five-year plan
6 Urban Redevelopment Resources
Beijing Finance Street
6 Urban Redevelopment Resources Evolution of Government Fiscal Authority
China Revamps Housing Privatization + Land Reform
Source: Beijing China Qu Lei
Central Government Stops Alloting Funds to Local Redevelopment
1980’s
1990’s 1980’s Legislation Passes Constitution 88’ + LAL 88’
1990’s Private Sector is Invited to Urban Regeneration Process to Provide more Funding Options
Timeline of Land Reform
6 Urban Redevelopment Resources Private + Public Investment
Source: Beijing Statistic Year Book 2010.
Public and private investments on Fixed Assets 1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1981-85
1986-90
1991-95
1996-00
2001-05
2006-09
7 Urban Redevelopment Implementation Multi-Functional Land Use Design 25%Residential 25%Commercial 50%Office
Chaoyang Rd
Dongdaqiao Rd
-
Source: BeijingChina Qu Lei
4
Tonghuihe Rd
7 Urban Redevelopment Implementation CBD East Expansion Process -
2000 -
CBD concept was introduce + Function positionning defined
-
2001 -
Development Planning was Formulated + Management Organs were Established
-
2002 -
Construction of Core Area was Started + Infrastructure Environment was Optimized
-
2003 -
Industry Positioning was determined + Core Competitiveness was enhanced
-
2004 -
Contruction of finance Area was quickened.
7 Urban Redevelopment Implementation Moving to a Positive Change ++
Source: Beijing Statistic Year Book 2010.
Water Energy Waste
48% 50% 80%
Jobs
150
Public Transit
Express Rail to Airport Increase Bycycle Use Increase Walkability
consumption
consumption
consumption
Thousand Created
7 Urban Redevelopment Consequences Destruction of “Hutongs�
Source: ePhoto
600 hutongs were destroyed + 500thousand were displaced
8 Beijing Urban Redevelopment Summary The Great Battle between The Economic Power vs The Historical Preservation
What Should We DO?
Thank You
Xiexie!