FETTUCCINE TRUSS BRIDGE
Kimberly Wong
0315145
Lai Chi Mun
0319463
Lau Wei Ling
0315389
Lim Chin Yi
0315627
Lim Shu Ting
0320102
Architecture Semester 4 March 2016 Intake Building Structures ARC 2523
Content No.
Page
1.0
Introduction
3
1.1
Precedent Studies
5
2.0
Analysis of Material Strength
9
 Modular test  Truss test 3.0
Construction of Bridge
13
4.0
Bridge Testing
14
5.0
Structural Analysis of the bridge
18
6.0
Conclusion
24
7.0
References
25
8.0
Appendix
26
2
1.0 Introduction In a group of 5, we were assigned to construct a fettuccine truss bridge. To understand the tension and compressive strength of truss system, we were to construct a perfect truss bridge. Research and preparations were done before construction of the truss bridge. To conduct the testing and construction of fettucine truss bridge, materials and equipment were prepared: A) Construction Material Different types of materials are prepared and tested. The material with the best compressive strength and adhesive strength are chosen for the construction of fettuccine truss bridge. 
Different brands of Fettuccines
San Remo Fettuccine
Kimball Fettuccine

Prego Fettuccine
Different types of glues
UHU glue
Superglue
PVC Glue
Hot glue
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B) Construction Equipment The following equipment is used to construct the fettuccine truss bridge.
Sand paper
Cutter and cutting mat
For the initial stage of construction, cutter is used to cut the fettucine. The edge of the fettucine members is sand by using sand paper to make it fit to the flat surface.
C) Weight Testing equipment
S hook
Bucket
Water as weight
The load test was carried out by hanging the s hook to the middle of the fettuccine truss bridge. The other end of S hook will hang a bucket. Water that are measured to a certain weight will be added into the bucket slowly.
Adhesive Technique By applying point to point technique, the adhesive strength is compromised. It can support only 475g of compression force.
By applying in a line, the adhesive strength is much better. It can withstand 1537g of compression force.
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1.1 Precedent Study Introduction to Truss Bridge Truss bridge is the bridge that uses truss as main element and they form into triangular unit when connected. Truss bridge structure is used widely due to its rigidity and it can distribute loads from a single point to a much wider area (Truss Bridge - Types, History, Facts and Design, n.d.). The bridge members are usually stresses from tension and compression force. Truss bridges can be categorized into 2 group, the perfect truss and imperfect truss.
Perfect Frame Frames that can be analysed to get the internal member forces and external support reactions through the three conditions of static equilibrium (Shiva, 2015). The formula N=2j-3 can be used to determine a perfect structure where ‘N’ is the number of members and ‘j’ is the number of joints.
Flat Pratt Truss
Waddell A Truss
Warren Truss
Howe Truss Warren With Vertical Truss
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Fredericktown Bridge
Fredericktown Bridge is built in 1840 to 1844 and closed in 1907 and it collapsed 20 years later. This bridge is an 1893 truss bridge built by the Penn Bridge company of nearby Beaver Falls, PA. It was rehabilitated in 2004 and the deck replaced.
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Warren Truss
The bridge that is with an equilateral truss, all panel lengths and diagonals are of equal length creating a series of equilateral triangles. When the panel lengths are shorter than the equal length diagonals, it was sometimes called an isosceles or isometric truss.
Warren Truss with verticals
As the length increases so does the height of the truss, compression is acted towards the members and bracing is needed to minimize buckling and to provide support for the vertical direction. The verticals are position from the lower chord panel points up to the midpoint of the chord member directly above. The deck structure stringers will lengthen in order to help the heavier members or any addition of verticals from the top chord panel points dropping down, to be able to shorten panel lengths.
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2.0 Analysis of Material Strength 1. Modular Test
A) Material test using different brands of fettuccine and glue. Load Test Brand
Glue
San Remo
PVA
100g
200g
300g
400g
500g
600g
700g
800g
Superglue Hot glue UHU Prego
PVA Superglue Hot glue UHU
Kimball
PVA Superglue Hot glue UHU
The test was done by stacking 3 pieces of fettuccine together with different types of glues. This is repeated with different brands of fettuccine. From the result of the test, San Remo brand of fettuccine is the strongest among the 3 types of fettuccine while superglue has the strongest bonding strength. The combination of San Remo fettuccine with superglue can withstand 600g of load.
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B) Compression strength test
San Remo Prego Kimball
Force exerted 0.50N 0.27N 0.25N
Compression strength is tested for different brand of fettuccine. The test is done by exerting force on fettuccine placed vertically on a weight balance. From the test, San Remo Fettucine has the best compression strength. The compression strength is further tested by doing test on different number of layers of fettuccine Force exerted 1 layer of Fettuccine
Force exerted 3 layers of I beam
0.45N
2 layers of Fettuccine
14.67N
4 layers of I beam 2.68N
3 layers of Fettuccine
18.93N
5 layers of I beam 11.11N
47.73N
The 5 layers of I beam has the best structural strength. Thus, it is used as the bottom layer of the truss structure where it will carry the total weight of the structures.
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2. Truss Test A) Trusses with different vertical members
Load Test
3000g
2750g
2500g
2250g
2000g
1750g
1500g
1250g
1000g
750g
500g
250g
San Remo Fettuccine
5cm (63g)
6cm (69g)
7cm (74g)
The truss is tested with different vertical members with various height. The horizontal members are kept constant. The diagonal member length is dependent on the vertical members’ height. Height of Truss
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Efficiency, E= (
5cm
39.68
6cm
32.61
7cm
23.64
The truss with 5cm vertical members is stronger compared to 6cm and 7cm, it can withstand 250g of load. From the height test, all of the trusses failed and collapsed at the similar parts of the members. Referring to the diagram below, the truss members will be strengthen by using double layers for the next test.
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B) Different design of trusses Load Test
3000g
2750g
2500g
2250g
2000g
1750g
1500g
1250g
1000g
750g
500g
250g
Trusses Design
6cm (69g) Warren with verticals
6cm (68g) Howe
6cm (71g) Pratt
Types of Truss
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Efficiency, E= (
Warren with verticals
32.61
Howe
22.05
Pratt
24.64
With the members of same height and length, different types of trusses were tested. In a nutshell, Warren truss with verticals is the strongest among the 3 trusses, it has the highest efficiency.
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3.0 Construction of Bridge
Step 1 The bottom chord is built by a few stacking layers of fettuccine to form I beam. Step 2 Vertical members of the truss are attached to the bottom chord from the middle. Step 3 Top chord of the truss was then attached to the vertical members. Step 4 The remaining vertical members are added to the truss bridge. Step 5 The diagonal members are added into the truss members.
Step 6 Step 1 to step 5 is repeated to build the opposing side of the truss bridge.
Step 7 The horizontal members that connects both sides of the truss bridge are added together with the core at the bottom chord.
Step 8 Lastly, the horizontal members are also added at the top chord.
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4.0 Bridge Testing 1.
Bridge Width=5cm
The bridge broke at the middle part.
Load=2500g Efficiency =2500g/63g =39.68
No I beam was used in the construction.
50mm 450mm
2.
Bridge Width=5cm Load=2250g
Different height of bridge used in 1st and 2nd bridge to test their strength.
Efficiency =2250g/69g =32.61
60mm 450mm
3.
Bridge Width=5cm
Different designs of trusses were constructed.
Load=1750g Efficiency =1750g/74g =23.65
Bottom chord was changed to I beam
50mm 450mm
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4.
Bridge Width=4cm
Warren truss bridge are added with I beam.
Load=5000g Efficiency =5000/70 =71.43
Some vertical members are double layers. Only the middle member that is hanging hook breaks.
40mm 450mm
5.
Bridge Width=4cm Load=5800g Efficiency =5800/77 =75.32
More vertical and diagonal truss members are added. Some vertical members are double layers. Only the middle member that is hanging hook breaks.
40mm 450mm
6.
Bridge Width=4cm
6 horizontal members support at bottom cord.
Load=4800g Efficiency =4800/70 =68.57
The middle part of the truss breaks in halves.
50mm 450mm
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7.
Bridge Width=4cm Load=3000g
The I beam was left overnight and became brittle.
Efficiency =3000/70 =42.86
The members to hang S hook is too small. Thus, the S hook breaks the bridge.
Bridge Width=4cm
The I beam was left overnight and became brittle.
40mm 410mm
8.
Load=3000g Efficiency =3000/70 =42.86
The warren truss ends before the table edge. Hence, the truss breaks easily.
50mm 410mm
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9.
Bridge Width=4cm Load=5000g
The truss breaks because of S hook exerting force horizontally.
Efficiency =5000/7 =71.43
Considered increase the width of members to place S hook.
Bridge Width=4.5cm
The span of gap to place the bridge is reduced from 350mm to 300mm
50mm 410mm
10.
Load=11200g Efficiency =11200/71 =157.75
50mm
The S hook is not directly hang at the truss member. Ropes are used to tie on the truss and hanged the S hook. The truss bridge break at the members that hanged S hook.
410mm
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5.0 Structural analysis of the Bridge Truss system of the final model bridge
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18
19
20
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The internal forces for all the vertical members are 0. However, the horizontal and diagonal members are either in tension or compression. From conclusion, the vertical members are redundant in the truss system with the load exerted at point M.
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6.0 Conclusion Throughout the whole project, we have constructed 9 experimental fettuccine truss bridges and one final fettuccine truss bridge. For every structural failure, we investigated the construction of fettuccine truss bridge to improvise the strength of the fettuccine truss bridge. From what we learnt from experience, we are able to construct the best fettuccine truss bridge with the highest efficiency. Our final model achieves an efficiency of 157.75 and it is able to withstand 11kg of load. During the process, we are able to learn knowledge and constantly improve our understanding on truss bridges. This project had trained us to be attentive to the details of every test and construction. We learnt about the different types of perfect trusses, load distributions and also able to identify the types of internal forces in the truss members. Other than that, we also realized that every mistake and failure are the stepping stones for our next success. In a nutshell, this project is an eye opener to all of us. We learnt a lot about structural design of a bridge where both aesthetical and structural value are equally significant. The understanding of structural system is definitely beneficial to all of us in the future.
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7.0 References
Boon, G. (2011, April 1). Warren Truss. Retrieved May 2, 2016, from http://www.garrettsbridges.com/design/warren-truss/ How to Build a Spaghetti Bridge. (2016). Retrieved May 1, 2016, from http://www.wikihow.com/Build-a-Spaghetti-Bridge Mettem, C. (2011). Timber bridges. Abingdon, Oxon: Spon Press. Schweige, P. (1999, September 19). Fettuccini Physics Contest. Retrieved April 24, 2016, from http://teachertech.rice.edu/Participants/pschweig/lessons/BridgeProject/pastacontest/page4.html Shiva. (2015, May 22). Perfect Truss & Imperfect Truss. Retrieved May 12, 2016, from http://semesters.in/perfect-truss-imperfect-truss/ Tension and Compression. (2016). Retrieved April 25, 2016, from http://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/civil/bridge2.htm Truss Bridge - Types, History, Facts and Design. (n.d.). Retrieved May 12, 2016, from http://www.historyofbridges.com/facts-about-bridges/truss-bridge/ Warren Truss Bridge | Definition | Advantages and Disadvantages. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2016, from http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/civil-engineering/trussapplication/warren-truss/
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