AUGUST 2015 ENERGY PIPELINE 1
On-site power requirements are critical. Wagner Power Systems has the solutions to your urgent and planned rental needs. Wagner Rental Power responds with a fleet of self-contained electrical power generators and air compressors, many contained within weather-proof, sound attenuated enclosures. This fleet includes portable trailer-mounted units that are easy to move on and off-site. Wagner Power Systems also offers specialized oil field equipment Wagner Rents offers electric power generators up to 100 kW, air compressors up to 375 CFM, light towers, Godwin pumps, hand tools and more.
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2 ENERGY PIPELINE AUGUST 2015
ANADARKO PETROLEUM CORPORATION
ANADARKO IS... Among the world’s largest independent oil and natural gas exploration and production companies – providing for today, innovating for tomorrow.
www.facebook.com/anadarkopetroleumcorporation
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ENERGY:PIPELINE www.anadarko.comAUGUST | 2015 NYSE APC
3
Features
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36
WOMEN POWER
LESSONS OF THE WIND
By Anne Cumming Rice
By Linda Kane
More and more women are finding work in the oil and gas industry.
12
THE HEART OF COLORADO’S MIDSTREAM Oil-by-rail facility closer to reality in Evans. By Linda Kane
14
WINDS OF CHANGE
Colorado earns top nod for wind manufacturing, jobs. By Eric Brown
18
AN INDUSTRY FULL OF CARE Helping Hands helps out oilfield families. By David Persons
4 ENERGY PIPELINE AUGUST 2015
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Wind energy research just a jog away from Colorado oil patch.
TECH TALK Can horizontal wells enhance TECH opportunities TALK for small geothermal power.
ON THE COVER Design by Darin Bliss
By Gary Beers Exposure to lightning strikes at injection well facilities. By Gary Beers
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A DIFFERENT TYPE OF GAS POWER
Fort Lupton Police running on all-CNG powered vehicles.
Departments 8
Support Company Profile
10
Field Worker Profile
44
News Briefs
54
Data Center
By Maria DiBiase Eisemann
51
MAKING HOLE Inventing the electric submersible pump. By Bruce Wells
Revelation Steel
Meet Tim Musgrave, Great Western Oil & Gas Co., LLC
See What We’re Made Of. Storage, separation and control solutions when you need them, where you need them.
Let us show you the Worthington difference.
1.800.835.9136 Energy@WorthingtonOilandGas.com
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Wooster, OH
Bremen, OH
Dickinson, ND Garden City, KS AUGUST 2015 ENERGY PIPELINE 5
ENERGY is your
BUSINESS PUBLISHER Bart Smith EDITOR Randy Bangert GENERAL MANAGER Bryce Jacobson ACCOUNT/PROJECT MANAGER Bruce Dennis BUSINESS MANAGER Mike Campbell MANAGING EDITOR Sharon Dunn CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Gary Beers Eric Brown Maria DiBiase Eisemann Linda Kane David Persons Bruce Wells
You need an electrical distributor that provides more than just inventory. From engineering support to inventory management solutions, we focus our energy on your success. Contact your local Border States location for more information. Greeley CO
970.356.1150
ADVERTISING DIRECTORS T.J. Burr Sabrina Poppe ACCOUNT MANAGERS Cristin Peratt Mary Roberts Kristy Zado CREATIVE MANAGER Alan Karnitz CREATIVE TEAM SUPERVISOR Afton Pospíšilová ART DIRECTION & DESIGN Darin Bliss
ENERGY PIPELINE MAGAZINE 501 8th Ave. P.O. Box 1690 Greeley, CO 80632 For all editorial, advertising, subscription and circulation inquiries, call (970) 352-0211. Send editorial-related comments and story ideas to: editor@energypipeline.com For advertising inquiries, contact: bjacobson@energypipeline.com
borderstates.com Supplying products and services to the construction, industrial and utility industries.
6 ENERGY PIPELINE AUGUST 2015 30-250 (2015-06)
August 2015, Volume 2, Issue 12. Published by Greeley Publishing Co., publisher of The Greeley Tribune, Windsor Now, the Fence Post, and Tri-State Livestock News.
YOUR SOLUTION TO MANUFACTURING, LOGISTICS AND EXCAVATION TURNKEY PRODUCTION FACILITY
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AUGUST 2015 ENERGY PIPELINE 7
SUPPORT COMPANY PROFILE
Revelation Steel
CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS 1324 N. 7th Ave. Greeley, CO 970.356.2005
HOW LONG HAS YOUR BUSINESS BEEN OPERATING IN WELD COUNTY?
HOW LONG DO YOU ANTICIPATE BEING IN BUSINESS IN NORTHEAST COLORADO?
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Since April 5, 2005.
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WHY SHOULD CUSTOMERS DO BUSINESS WITH YOUR COMPANY?
Our leadership has deep roots In northern Colorado. As long as we are able.
NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES 15
SERVICES OFFERED Stainless, aluminum, flat, angle, square tube, rectangle tube, round tube, solid round, solid square, sheet, continuous hinge, expanded metal, channel, etc.
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WHAT KIND OF SKILLS, EXPERIENCE OR EDUCATION DO YOU LOOK FOR IN EMPLOYEES? Polite, patient and caring for our customers.
Unfortunately, we’re cutting back.
REVELATION STEEL For job opportunities, check www.revelationsteel.biz
8 ENERGY PIPELINE AUGUST 2015
TRUSTED EXPERTS IN DIESEL MECHANICS FOR 20 YEARS.
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FIELD WORKER PROFILE
Tim Musgrave GREAT WESTERN OIL & GAS COMPANY, LLC STAFF REPORT • FOR ENERGY PIPELINE
HOMETOWN Hoyt, Colo.
WHERE DO YOU LIVE? Johnstown.
HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN WORKING IN NORTHEASTERN COLORADO? My whole life.
HOW DID YOU GET INTO THE INDUSTRY? My family has been involved in oil and gas since before I was born, so I was introduced to the industry at a very young age.
WHAT IS YOUR JOB TITLE AND DUTIES? Production Manager. I oversee all production activities for the company across all basins we are involved in. Some duties include managing daily field personnel from area foreman to route operator, air compliance 10 ENERGY PIPELINE AUGUST 2015
monitoring, tank battery design, artificial lift and compression evaluation and managing daily operating expenses.
WHAT IS THE MOST INTERESTING THING ABOUT YOUR JOB? I enjoy working closely with other operators in the area and those from other basins. This allows me the opportunity to learn other ways to operate wells, as well as make changes to our tank battery designs to increase productivity and reduce costs.
WHAT IS THE BEST PART OF YOUR JOB? Working for Great Western allows me the opportunity to be involved in many different areas within the company. I am able to work with our land department on initial pad evaluations,
the drilling department for well layout, the completion team during frac operations and well completion, and our engineering team throughout the life of the wells.
WHAT IS THE HARDEST PART ABOUT YOUR JOB? Like any job there are challenges, but that is what keeps things interesting. The DJ has some particularly unique geology and is relatively new to horizontal drilling, so we are always looking for ways to innovate and get more out of our wells. As the play has matured, we have become more efficient. What use to take two weeks to drill, we can now do in one.
WHAT DO YOU DO IN YOUR SPARE TIME? VOLUNTEERISM, SCHOOL, SPORTS? Spend time with my
family, camping, fishing, hunting and cooking.
WHAT ARE YOUR FUTURE AMBITIONS IN THE NDUSTRY? Colorado has the toughest regulations in the nation and is constantly pushing operators to use the most innovative mitigation techniques to minimize its impact on the environment and local communities. My hope is that we continue to set the bar high and serve as a model for other parts of the country.
WHAT DOES THE WATTENBERG FIELD AND THE DJ BASIN MEAN TO YOU? The DJ Basin is my home. I have lived here and worked here my entire life, and I take a lot of pride in keeping this a great place to live, work and raise a family.
HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL DEBATE GOING ON WITH FRACKING” IN COLORADO? Again, Colorado has the toughest rules and regulation in the nation - we have the most comprehensive groundwater baseline testing rules, and cementing and casing rules in the country. Colorado operators also disclose all the ingredients in their fracking fluid. I think where you’ve really seen the debate move is onto more nuisance issues, like truck traffic and noise. For those reasons, Great Western uses the Best Management Practices to mitigate our impact - we put up berms and sound walls to block noise, install pipelines to reduce traffic and even landscape around some of our operations to help them blend in better.
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AUGUST 2015 ENERGY PIPELINE 11
THE HEART OF COLORADO’S MIDSTREAM Oil-by-rail facility closer to reality in Evans BY LINDA KANE • FOR ENERGY PIPELINE
a new rail hub being built in Weld County will have a “Our focus is on crude oil. And our site is so ideally located, we significant impact not only on the oil and gas industry in this had a lot of frac sand companies come to us and ask if they could part of Colorado, but also the city of Evans, which stands to gain use our site,” Bedard said. That led to the teaming with Hi-Crush. economically from the multi-million dollar project. “They’re one of the largest suppliers of frac sand in the U.S. so “This is really a hub where energy is transferred,” said Adam we developed this partnership and this led to developing a similar Bedard, CEO of ARB Midstream based in Denver. “It’s like the project in the Permian Basin. They’re experts at frac sand. We’re hub of a wheel with spokes going out. We will have things coming experts at crude oil.” in and things going out.” Hi-Crush will operate sand terminals at the hub, with sand The company has planned for several months to build a oil rail coming from its mines in Wisconsin. ARB will operate the crude-bytransloading facility south of rail facilities. Evans, but has recently added Bedard said location was a other functions. Fracturing big factor in putting the hub sand will be loaded on rail cars in Evans. “Our facility is so in Wisconsin, delivered to the centrally located, it will reduce terminal in Evans and put in a truck traffic,” he said. “And silo, Bedard said. Then, trucks since we’re the newest facility come in, sand is put on a truck we’ll be able to use the most and they will drive out to the up to date technology.” oil and natural gas wells. Colorado currently has Oil will be pumped from three crude-by-rail loading the hub, put on a rail car facilities. This will be the and sent to refineries across fourth and one of the ADAM BEDARD, CEO, ARB Midstream the country. largest, Bedard said. The ARB Midstream formed project, called the Niobrara in August 2014. It’s a full Connector - or NiCon - sits service logistics and marketing company. “We take oil from the on 225 acres, comprised of five 40-acre parcels. field and we get it to the market,” Bedard said. “Part of the reason we chose this region - the economics are just With his company, Bedard wants to build rail facilities, storage so good,” Bedard said. “There’s a lot of wells in Weld County.” tanks and he is looking to build pipelines. The site is south of Greeley and west of Lasalle at 7300 47th “We essentially take the supply and get it to the demand,” he said. Ave. It’s within 30 miles of 30-plus active drilling rigs, Bedard said, ARB partnered with Houston’s Hi-Crush Partners to build the rail making it all that more appealing. hub in Evans. The two companies also will build a second rail hub Bedard said he expects the facility to be functioning on a small scale near Big Spring, Texas, to serve oil and gas companies working in by the end of the year, with full production occurring in early 2016. He the Permian Basin. expects the facility to transport 120-car trains when fully operational.
“Part of the reason we chose this region - the economics are just so good. There’s a lot of wells in Weld County.”
12 ENERGY PIPELINE AUGUST 2015
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AUGUST 2015 ENERGY PIPELINE 13
WINDS OF CHANGE Colorado earns top nod for wind manufacturing, jobs BY ERIC BROWN • FOR ENERGY PIPELINE
a recent review of the U.S. wind
industry in 2014 was filled with glowing description, with Colorado earning several of the positive nods. The American Wind Energy Association’s annual report showed that Colorado ended 2014 in the lead nationally in manufacturing jobs and was third in overall wind industry workers, with more than 6,000. Across the board, wind industry jobs and turbine deployment in the U.S. regained momentum in 2014, adding 23,000 jobs, and boosting the sector’s total to 73,000 jobs, according to the AWEA’s 2014 report. The biggest job growth was in Colorado, with much of that due to Denmark-based Vestas Wind Systems, the world’s largest maker of wind turbines and operator of two factories in Brighton and one each in Windsor and Pueblo. The AWEA annual report also detailed how almost 4,900 megawatts of wind projects were added in the U.S. in 2014, which is four times the amount added in 2013, with the industry driving $12 billion in private investment last year, for a total of more than $100 billion since 2008. Additionally, the report says the U.S. headed into 2015 with 12,700 megawatts of wind projects under construction ≠- a record for the start of any year. The successes of last year came after a dismal 2013 that saw national wind deployment fall 92 percent from 2012 levels, stemming from policy uncertainty 14 ENERGY PIPELINE AUGUST 2015
COLORADO ENDED 2014 IN THE LEAD NATIONALLY IN MANUFACTURING JOBS AND WAS THIRD IN OVERALL WIND INDUSTRY WORKERS, WITH MORE THAN 6,000 caused by the brief lapse of the wind Production Tax Credit (PTC) at the end of 2012. That lapse resulted in the loss of 30,000 wind industry jobs in the U.S., according to AWEA officials. The AWEA 2014 annual report was quick to attribute 2014’s bounce back to policy changes that “must continue.” “These results show that extending the Production Tax Credit for wind power was good for business in America,” Tom Kiernan, CEO of AWEA, said in a news release. “We’ve got a mainstream, Madein-the-USA product that supports jobs in every state and is gaining momentum. With a more predictable policy we can add more jobs and keep this American success story going.”
Officials with Vestas, too, applauded the PTC extension, but noted that other factors came in to play as well. “The PTC extension certainly helped the wind industry in 2014,” said Piper Baron, head of external communications for Vestas Americas. “But our business plan is not built on the hope and promise of one policy. Vestas had a great year last year because Americans are demanding clean, affordable energy.” In its own 2014 annual report earlier this year, Vestas reported net income in the fourth quarter was 218 million euros ($295 million), allowing the company its first quarterly profit in three years. The U.S. is Vestas’ largest market in North America, and the company noted the market’s future will depend on the tax credit, which gives a credit to wind farmers based on their production of electricity produced from wind. Congress extended the credit for projects started in 2014, but its future is still very much in question in Washington, D.C. U.S. Sen. Michael Bennet, D-Colo., has been one of the leading voices in Congress calling for extension of the production tax credit, and helped change the eligibility requirement for the credit, allowing projects to qualify for the PTC once they’ve commenced construction a change many in the industry say was a huge boost. Like others, though, Bennet acknowledges there is resistance in this new Congress toward extending the PTC,
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as was noted this month by Sen. Bennet staff member Erin McCann. Vestas’ annual report also showed that the company added 4,126 employees in the U.S. to help with the ramp-up in orders, primarily due to continued extensions of the PTC. In total, the company ended 2014 with 19,669 employees, still down from a peak of 23,252 in 2011. Recent announcements from the company point to 2015 being another success. Vestas officials said this spring that it is moving forward on a plan for expansion in its Windsor blade plant, adding 400 workers.
SUCCESS ELSEWHERE In addition to Colorado, AWEA officials said in their annual report that the success of the PTC is on full display elsewhere, too, such as Iowa, where wind energy has attracted $10 billion in cumulative investment and, similar to Colorado, supports about 6,000 jobs. Iowa now gets 28 percent of its electricity from homegrown wind power,
more than any other state, followed by South Dakota at 25.3 percent and Kansas at 21.7 percent in 2014. “The PTC enabled the private sector to make critical investments in domestic manufacturing and the American workforce, driving significant cost reductions. That has driven technology improvements and cost reductions that are creating a modern-day ‘wind rush’ by opening up new areas for development,” said AWEA Deputy Director of Industry Data and Analysis Emily Williams. “We have utility-scale turbines operating in 39 states today, and if these trends continue and stable policy is in place, we can see wind deployment in even more states.” A U.S. Department of Energy report released last month shows that wind energy can double within the next five years to supply 10 percent of U.S. electricity by 2020, 20 percent by 2030, and 35 percent by 2050.
TEXAS LEADING THE WAY While states like Colorado and Iowa earned plenty of praise in the AWEA’s
annual report, it was Texas that got the most attention. The report noted that the U.S. “wind rush” is at its height in the Lone Star State, with 7,500 MW of wind projects under construction, more than all other states combined. The wind industry invested $3 billion in Texas last year, bringing total cumulative investment to over $26 billion. In addition to an extension of the PTC, the completion of the Competitive Renewable Energy Zone (CREZ) transmission lines a year ago has played a critical role in opening up Texas’s worldclass wind resources to development. That success, according to the AWEA report, will soon be replicated in other parts of the Plains and the Midwest, which are following suit with major new transmission upgrades. The Texas wind boom resulted in the addition of 9,000 jobs in 2014, bringing Texas to a U.S.-leading 17,000 wind industry jobs. Rounding out the top five states with the most wind industry jobs are Iowa and Colorado (over 6,000 jobs each), Oklahoma with nearly 5,000 jobs, and Michigan with over 3,000 jobs.
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AUGUST 2015 ENERGY PIPELINE 17
AN INDUSTRY FULL OF CARE Helping Hands helps out oilfield families BY DAVID PERSONS • FOR ENERGY PIPELINE
Hands, an all-volunteer, nonprofit them my situation and they sent me an organization that helps out oil field application. We filled it out and turned it who enjoys helping others, especially families during financial crises. in. It was a very quick process.” those who work in the oil fields. In short, she was a very busy person, Long story short, Provstgaard was able So when she left her hydraulic focused on helping others. It never to get the funds to pay off her balance fracturing job with Halliburton four dawned on her that she might be the and get her Medicaid restarted. years ago to spend more time with her person who, one day, would need that “It was a lifesaver,” Provstgaard said. children and return to school, the 32same kind of help from others. “They helped me out so much.” year-old decided she needed to do But, that day came last March. When asked if the fundraising she does something special. “My 4-year-old son, James, has for Oilfield Helping Hands through her That turned out to be a Facebook congenital muscular dystrophy,” Facebook page has more of a meaning page called Oil Field Wives, dedicated Provstgaard said. “I’m a full-time student now, Provstgaard didn’t hesitate. to helping women connect with other “Yes, it really does,” women who had she said. husbands or boyfriends Dandar said Oilfield working in the oil Helping Hands, which fields. The page offers began in Houston in 2003, job openings, posts oil now has five chapters field questions, and nationwide including the deals with difficult Rocky Mountain chapter issues, such as adjusting for Colorado, Wyoming to the challenge of the and Utah. oil field lifestyle. “Being a part of the oil Provstgaard, who JAMIE DANDAR, president, Rocky Mountain Chapter of Oilfield Helping Hands and gas industry is a great now lives in Battlement privilege,” Dandar said. Mesa near Grand “We are contributing to Junction, said Oil Field so it requires a CNA (certified nursing society in ways that not everyone can, and Wives started slowly but quickly took off. assistant) to help take care of him. we are compensated by the knowledge we “The Facebook page started with “But, we got behind in our payments are helping members of our oilfield family. a just few Likes and then exploded,” and Medicaid stopped at the beginning of “I have much gratitude for what I Provstgaard. “We now have over 30,000 March. I wasn’t sure what to do so I called do and am thrilled to be a part of likes on the page.” Jamie (Dandar).” the newly formed Rocky Mountain In addition to being a mother to two Dandar is the president of the OHH chapter. children, a full-time student, and the Rocky Mountain Chapter of Oilfield “While no one expects crises to occur, owner of a popular Facebook page, Helping Hands. they do happen. It feels good to be a part Provstgaard felt a need to do more. That “I had done fundraising for them so I of something that can help those in need urge led to raising money for the Rocky knew everyone,” Provstgaard said. “I told and further strengthen and support the Mountain chapter of Oilfield Helping amy provstgaard is the kind of person
“OHH is about helping oilfield families in financial crisis. It is about raising money and keeping costs down.”
18 ENERGY PIPELINE AUGUST 2015
TOP Amy Provstgaard (right) with her daughter, Melissa, husband, Alex, son, James, and their bull terrier, Bessie. Her husband is a petroleum engineering technician.
FIND MORE INFORMATION
BOTTOM Amy Provstgaard and her family pose with local firefighters during the Fill the Boot fundraiser. T-shirts that say I Love My Oilfield Man (like the one Amy is wearing) were sold to raise funds.
Find the Facebook page for Oil Field Wives at
www.facebook.com/ pages/Oilfield-WivesAssociation-Lives-of-OilfieldWives/127391283969351
OPPOSITE PAGE Amy Provstgaard and her four-year-old son, James.
Find Oilfield Helping Hands at
www.oilfieldhelpinghands.org/ chapters/rocky-mountain/
character and integrity of the people in the industry.” Dandar, who used to work for Baker Hughes and is now the director of marketing for the Keane Group in Denver, said it was a crisis that led to the creation of the Rocky Mountain Chapter of OHH. “When the (Front Range) flood struck in 2013, I wondered, ‘Isn’t there something our industry can do to help people displaced by the flood?’” Dandar remembers asking herself. “When I got back to the office, I Googled it and found the OHH in Houston.” Dandar said she started an exchange of emails in January and February in 2014 that eventually led to encouragement to open an OHH chapter in Denver for the Rocky Mountain area. “We had our first meeting in March,” Dandar said. “We had about 50 people interested and about 40-50 attended that first meeting. “Now we have about 500 on our end,” she said. Dandar said there are three events that the Rocky Mountain Chapter of OHH has each year that raises money for the chapter. She said there is a baseball game
at Coors Field, which raises about $3,000, a bowling event in December, which raises about $3,000, and a clay shooting tournament in September, which raises about $60,000. “We have sponsors for each of the events, and expenses are kept to the lowest possible amount to maximize the funds that can be awarded to recipients,” Dandar said. “Through these events and event sponsors, the volunteer efforts of our members and corporate memberships, we have been able to return more than $2.4 million to recipients since 2003 (through March 2014).” Dandar, because of her work with OHH and the Keane Group, was recognized in early June by the Denver Business Journal as one of 40 women who are key influencers in metro Denver’s energy sector. “I’m really proud of that,” Dandar said. But, she’s most proud of her work with OHH. “OHH is about helping oilfield families in financial crisis,” Dandar said. “It is about raising money and keeping costs down. It is about feeling good knowing you have helped someone in your immediate oilfield community. It is about having fun.”
HOW TO GET OILFIELD HELPING HANDS ASSISTANCE Applications for assistance are submitted to the chairman of the selection committee by OHH active members. At the next monthly meeting of the committee, the application is reviewed and voted upon. However, the OHH president, with the selection committee chairman’s concurrence, may also grant emergency relief up to $2,000 without selection committee review.
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TECH TALK
EXPOSURE TO LIGHTNING STRIKES AT INJECTION WELL FACILITIES BY GARY BEERS • FOR ENERGY PIPELINE
In April 2015, a commercial, produced-water, injection well facility adjacent to the GreeleyWeld County Airport was struck by lightning. It exploded and continued to burn for several hours (Graphic 1, Source: Greeley Tribune). Several days later, 18 miles southeast of the Denver International Airport, a smaller IJ well facility operated by an oil company was struck by lightning and a fire resulted. This northeast region of Colorado experienced an abnormal number of severe thunder and lightning storms during April but why did these water-related facilities experience lightning strikes and resulting fires when there were no instances of fires involving oil storage tanks due to lightning strikes? Apparently, this is not a rare event. Oilfields in several states have experienced fires caused by lightning strikes at injection well facilities since 2013: North Dakota (3), Texas (4), and Colorado (2). For Colorado since 2013, there have been 27 instances of fire-related accidents in oilfields and only three of these were caused by lightning strikes. However, during January to June 2015, two of the seven incidents were caused by lightning strikes at injection well facilities Given the above, this month’s Tech Talk answers the following questions: • Why are lightning strikes causing fires at injection well facilities? • How can this risk be minimized? • What are the regulatory requirements for protection from lightning at injection well facilities?
22 ENERGY PIPELINE AUGUST 2015
WHY ARE LIGHTNING STRIKES CAUSING FIRES AT INJECTION WELL FACILITIES? A typical injection well facility consists of three types of tanks. Incoming produced water is received in a steel tank where oil and water are separated. Oil from this operation is then routed to storage in steel tanks, while the produced-water (brine) is routed to storage in fiberglass tanks and then injected into geologic formations at depths of several thousand feet. During the storage of both liquids, volatile gases are released and usually found in vent valves and within the tanks above the fluid. While the chances of lightning striking a steel or a fiberglass tank are essentially the same, fiberglass tanks are more prone to ignition - if stuck by lightning. The steel tanks are considered inherently grounded. The fiberglass tanks typically do not have protection from lightning strikes, and strikes can ignite accumulated volatile gases and result in fire spreading to other areas containing volatile gases and/or other flammable products. This ignition can occur even with a lightning strike within 300 feet of an injection well facility, which creates a ground potential rise that can lead to a spark at the facility.
GRAPHIC 1
For over 50 years, GARY BEERS, has worked in numerous fields of environmental science as a consultant, regulator and educator. This career included senior management position with major consulting, nonprofit and public organizations. He has founded several successful firms to capture emerging resource management markets. One of his latest ventures, EnviroScienceINFO, provides content for public media.
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CHANCES OF LIGHTNING STRIKING A STEEL OR A FIBERGLASS TANK ARE ESSENTIALLY THE SAME, FIBERGLASS TANKS ARE MORE PRONE TO IGNITION
HOW CAN THIS RISK BE MINIMIZED? The obvious answer would be to replace the fiberglass tanks with steel tanks. However, the fiberglass tanks are used because they do not corrode as quickly as steel tanks when exposed to the corrosive nature of the brine (produced water) and, thus, last longer. It may be assumed that use of steel tanks to store produced water is not viewed as cost effective under the operator’s cost/ benefit analyses. There are two state-of-the-art practices for lightning protection of fiberglass tanks at injection well facilities. The first approach is to modify the fiberglass tank to reduce the potential of an arc or spark igniting the volatile gases. Simply put, isolated metallic components on the tank should be “bonded” to connect to the other structures, including equipment, that are already grounded. In addition, an internal grounding conductor should be installed outside the tank from top to bottom, and bonded to this same grounding system. To increase the efficiency of grounding, grounding electrodes can be added to enhance the unified ground system. The second and more unique approach was developed in the early 1970s a chief engineer at NASA to address potential lightning strikes at space launch facilities and is called the Dissipation Array System. The scientific concept for DAS, as explained by this engineer, Roy B. Carpenter Jr, is as follows: “The cause of lightning is atmospheric electricity, specifically the accumulation of potential between a thundercloud and
24 ENERGY PIPELINE JULY 2015
the earth’s surface to the magnitude where the air between the thundercloud and the earth is no longer an insulator and begins to breakdown, ultimately resulting in a lightning strike. To prevent the strike from terminating on the facility, the protective system must dissipate the site on the site to lower its potential and prevent the formation of upward streamers from the site. The Dissipation Array System does just that, not necessarily by significantly affecting the cloud charge, but rather by reducing the charge on the site and making the facility a non-target for the incoming lightning strike.” In layman terms, DAS is implemented by installing a very large, custom-designed ionizer on the facility to prevent it from becoming a lightning strike target. Graphic 2 (Source: Lightning Eliminators and Consultants) provides a visual portrayal of this protective concept. In the 1980s and 1990s, electric utilities installed DAS at eight locations in Colorado, while none were installed at oilfield facilities. However, since 2008 DAS has been installed at 16 oil-related facilities located in oilfields of Weld County. These facilities include injection wells, oil storage tanks, pipeline and structures housing other operations. Since DAS installation, there have been no incidents of lightning strikes to these protected facilities.
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION FROM LIGHTNING AT INJECTION WELL FACILITIES The Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission does not have rules or policies that address measures that are required to reduce this lightning risk. This regulatory position prevails in most, if not all, oilfields. While the National Fire protection Association and the American Petroleum Institute have developed national technical standards and risk assessment programs for lightning protection (i.e., NFPA 780, NFPA 77, API 545, and API 2003), these only serve as recommendations and guidance. The extent and degree of lightning protection at injection well facilities as well as at other oilfield facilities is the choice of the owner. The prevailing practice by most owners is to self-insure and accept the total expense when lightning strikes. Consequently, there is no requirement by any authority to install lightning protection on any facility in Colorado, or anywhere in the United States for that matter. Perhaps the authorities having state or local jurisdiction should re-examine this position with the objective of reducing lightning-related risks and fires at specific, oilfield facilities located near important infrastructure and/or outdoor cultural activities.
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WOMEN POWER more and more women are finding work in the oil and gas industry BY ANNE CUMMING RICE • FOR ENERGY PIPELINE
Growing up, Julie Tannehill loved math and science. By the time she was in high school, she was considering careers in
JULIE TANNEHILL Operations Engineering Supervisor Anadarko Petroleum Corp.
RAYOLA DOUGHER Senior Economic Advisor American Petroleum Institute
BASAK KURTOGLU Manager Marathon Oil
chemical engineering, forensic science or dentistry. But an invitation to a petroleum engineering fair through a high school calculus class pointed her to her true ambition. “They had diagrams, case studies, people from the industry talking about what it’s like to be a petroleum engineer,” said Tannehill, operations engineering supervisor for Anadarko Petroleum Corp., who works out of the company’s office in Evans. “I saw that petroleum engineering is multi-faceted. It involves science, math, computers and a lot of detective work. From that point on, I knew that’s what I wanted to pursue.” She went on to study petroleum engineering at the University of Texas, did various internships and got a full-time job in the industry after graduation. When her husband, also a petroleum engineer for Anadarko, got a job transfer to Colorado, they moved to Denver. That was 10 years ago, and Tannehill sees nothing but wide-open opportunities for other women like her in the oil and gas industry for the next decade. “Women are part of every discipline in this industry,” she said. “If you can work with a team and bring forth solutions to problems, this industry is a great place to work.” Oil and gas companies and trade organizations including the American Petroleum Institute want more women like Tannehill in the industry’s ranks. In the next 15 years, the industry is projected to grow by 1.3 million new jobs. Today, only 19 percent of the industry’s employees are women. “This is a perfect time for women to develop a different vision for what they want to do,” said Rayola Dougher, senior economic adviser at the American Petroleum Institute, based in Washington
D.C., who spoke in Denver recently for the Colorado Petroleum Council’s Women In Power initiative, a proposal designed to draw more women to the industry. “Most of the women who work in the industry are in administrative jobs. But it’s time to break out of our boxes and our old way of thinking.” In the next decade, half of those in management positions in oil and gas will be retiring. According to surveys, 71 percent of the total workforce in the industry is 50 or older. Half of the geophysicists and engineers in the field are expected to retire in the next five years. In addition, many of the new jobs expected to be added to the industry will be blue-collar positions for those including electricians, welders and people skilled in construction. Dougher said it’s time for women to look at jobs traditionally held by men in the industry and ask themselves, “Why not?”
Thinking outside the box In the past few months, the American Petroleum Institute has launched an awareness campaign and hosted events, several of them in Colorado, aimed at introducing young women to the oil and gas industry. Some of the events have been for high school and college students who already have a background in STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) studies or are studying petroleum engineering at the university level.
AUGUST 2015 ENERGY PIPELINE 33
Once an unfamiliar sight, women are converging on the oil fields in greater numbers, holding down highly technical jobs. Photo for Energy Pipeline/Anadarko Petroleum
There is evidence more
women are becoming aware of jobs in the industry. Dougher spoke at one of the events in June in Denver and found a captive audience. “They were receptive to different ideas,” she said. “It’s a hard thing sometimes to figure out what you want to do and how to get there. They were taking notes and asking lots of questions.” Dougher said perhaps the most important audience to reach is gradeschoolers. “Girls really like science and take to it when they’re young,” she said. “But sometimes something happens along the way to turn them off to it.” But the oil and gas industry isn’t just about math and science. “Name a job, and someone in the industry probably does it,” Dougher said. “We make a mistake when we think, ‘Well, I didn’t study oil and gas, so I can’t work there.’ “ Dougher points to herself as an example of an unconventional path. She has degrees in history, economic development and East Asian studies. She got a job as an administrative assistant for the Institute for Energy Analysis, was out of the work force for about a decade while she raised her son, then came back to work for the American Petroleum Institute. “I worked as a research assistant and studied gasoline issues,” she said. “I had a mentor who taught me about the economics of the industry. I learned as I went.” When the institute needed an expert on gas prices to speak to the media 34 ENERGY PIPELINE AUGUST 2015
when prices skyrocketed about eight years ago, it turned to Dougher. The fall in gas prices - and the turnaround in the U.S. economy - can be directly attributed to the boom in the oil and gas industry across the country, Dougher said. “We are the ones who have brought such a great supply of oil and gas, bringing economic growth to the U.S. and the world,” Dougher said.
Lack of awareness There is evidence more women are becoming aware of jobs in the industry. During the first quarter of 2013, women filled roughly 46 percent of the 3,900 newly created oil and gas jobs. Awareness may be the key to getting more women on board, Dougher said. The American Petroleum Institute did a study in the summer of 2014 that revealed the biggest obstacle to women considering employment in the industry was simply not being aware of job opportunities there. • 17 percent of the women surveyed said they didn’t even know the industry was hiring. • 19 percent said they didn’t think they had the right background for oil and gas. But salary alone may be enough to get women to think differently. When
During the first quarter of 2013,
women filled roughly 46 percent of the 3,900 newly created oil and gas jobs. the women surveyed learned that the average salary in the industry is nearly $50,000 more than the U.S. average, 79 percent said that was a convincing reason to take a job in oil and gas. Dougher relates a story about a young woman working as an intern on a drilling rig. “She was studying biology or something, but she’d gotten this internship,” Dougher said. “I asked her supervisor, ‘Are you going to hire her after she graduates?’ He said he wanted to. I said, ‘How much are you going to pay her?’ He said, ‘I was going to start her at $100,000 a year with a 20 percent signing bonus.’ “I can’t think of many jobs that pay that well right out of college,” Dougher said. In addition to targeting women in their awareness campaign, the American Petroleum Institute also encourages minorities to consider jobs in oil and gas. If women and minorities don’t seize the opportunities, who will the industry turn to? “The companies will look overseas,” Dougher said.
Women are taking greater roles in the oil and gas industry, escaping the administrative assistant stereotype. Photo for Energy Pipeline/ Anadarko Petroleum
Overcoming biases In a round-about way, Basak Kurtoglu is an example of that. When the native of Turkey decided to study petroleum engineering, her biggest motivation wasn’t the nature of the work or a wellpaying job. Now an integrated project team manager for Marathon Oil in Houston, Kurtoglu wanted to see the world. Kurtoglu started a petroleum engineering program at Middle East Technical University in Ankara after she learned that 60 percent of its graduates ended up going overseas, primarily to the United States. But her goals were even loftier. She needed to get a scholarship to further her studies overseas. For that to even be possible, Kurtoglu had to graduate in the top three of her class in Turkey. She was No. 2, and Colorado School of Mines offered her a full scholarship in 2006. “When I arrived in Colorado, I knew English but had never been immersed in it,” she said. “I wasn’t even sure what I wanted to do with a master’s degree. All I knew is that I needed to be successful, and to do that I needed to work hard.” She did her master’s thesis on unconventional reservoirs, which were thought at the time to be unproductive. Since then, through hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, U.S. companies have tapped these unconventional reservoirs across the country and sparked the shale boom that has turned the U.S. economy around. Kurtoglu did an internship with Marathon Oil and upon her graduation in 2008, was offered a job with the company. She also considered going back to Turkey or pursuing a doctorate at the School of Mines. She chose to start working for Marathon.
“Through my internship, suddenly producing oil and gas became a real thing,” she said. “It wasn’t just school anymore. I realized I could have an impact on something that really matters. I thought, ‘If I left this, I’d be missing out on so much.’ “ Kurtoglu quickly rose in the ranks at Marathon. Now, at age 31, she’s a manager. She also got that doctorate from the School of Mines, too. For a year and a half, she traveled back and forth between Texas and Colorado, continuing to work for Marathon full time, while she finished her degree. She also has a passion for helping other women in the oil and gas industry better themselves. That translates to things like mentoring interns and encouraging colleagues to pursue a degree in petroleum engineering so they can get better jobs and improve their and their family’s lives. “Many times, I have been the only woman in a meeting room except for an administrative assistant,” she said. “That needs to change. A lot of people say, ‘Well, the company needs to this for women, or the industry needs to do that.’ It’s not the company - it’s ourselves. We have conscious and unconscious biases, some of which are reinforced in our culture. But they are also deep-rooted in our brains. “A lot of people think I’ve been lucky,” she said. “Perhaps it’s been luck. But I’ve also worked very hard. I’ve wanted to be the best I could be in spite of any bias.
Gender wasn’t important because my work speaks for itself.”
Bigger picture For women who have never considered a job in the oil and gas industry, both Tannehill and Kurtoglu suggest doing what women perhaps do best - look at the big picture and consider the impact. “Energy affects everything in our lives the heat in our homes, the gas in our cars, the products we use, the tax money going to our children’s schools,” Tannehill said. “Oil and gas are the building blocks of so many things. There’s such a positive benefit to the industry itself and to working in it.” Kurtoglu boils it down to three things. “What do we need to live?” she asked. “Food, water and energy. These are the things we take for granted, but remove them from our lives, and what are we left with? Do a job that provides food, water or energy, and you will make a big impact.” Dougher and Kurtoglu said the oil and gas industry would benefit greatly from more women in its ranks because of women’s unique contributions. Women have an attention to detail that complements their male counterparts’ perseverance on the job, Kortoglu said. “Men make sure a job gets done,” Kurtoglu said. “But women make sure a job gets done perfectly. This is what women have to give to the industry.” AUGUST 2015 ENERGY PIPELINE 35
L E S S O N S of the
WIND BY LINDA KANE • FOR ENERGY PIPELINE
ABOVE: Aerial photos of the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC). Photo by Dennis Schroeder/NREL. OPPOSITE PAGE: Construction of the Gamesa wind turbine and nacelle at the National Wind Technology Center south of Boulder. Photo by Dana Levine/NREL.
WIND ENERGY RESEARCH JUST A JOG AWAY FROM COLORADO OIL PATCH Wind energy has changed drastically since wind turbines started popping up in the 1980s and much of its development, research and production is happening right in our backyard. Colorado is considered a national leader in the wind energy industry. Colorado is home to the National Wind Technology Center just south of Boulder; and the leader in wind turbine production, Vestas, has four locations in Colorado, three in northern Colorado. “The U.S. Department of Energy’s National Wind Technology Center at NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) is at the forefront of energy innovation. For more than three decades, our researchers have spent countless hours building unparalleled expertise in renewable energy technologies while supporting the vision that wind and water can create clean, reliable and costeffective electricity,” said Brian Smith, director of the National Wind Technology Center or NWTC. “The NWTC strives to be an essential partner to companies, other DOE laboratories, government
WIND ENERGY FACTS 10TH Colorado’s national ranking for number of wind turbines
1,683 Number of winde tubines
674,000 Number of homes powered
6,000-7,000 Wind industry jobs
22 Wind manufacturing facilities
$7.7 MILLION Annual land lease payments
agencies and universities around the world seeking to create a better, more sustainable future.” The NWTC is five miles south of Boulder and sits on 305 acres. It experiences winds at more than 100 miles per hour, making it an ideal setting for testing the reliability and performance of wind turbines. “The NWTC comprises the necessary infrastructure, highly experienced staff and state-of-the-art equipment needed to provide its partners and stakeholders with a full spectrum of research and development capabilities to develop everything at one location,” Smith said. “From small residential wind turbines to utility-scale offshore wind and water power technologies.” As the West was being electrified, smaller-scale windmills were used as a power source. Wind power on a utility-level scale came to life in the 1980s, primarily in California. Since then, it’s continued to grow and is now an international renewable energy source. The wind is harnessed by large turbines which turn the wind into usable energy. A major energy provider in Weld County, Xcel Energy offers a program called Windsource to allow customers to pay a little extra every month to get some or all of their energy from wind energy. The program began more than 15 years ago. “Colorado has excellent wind resources and Xcel Energy is capitalizing on this wind to deliver
AUGUST 2015 ENERGY PIPELINE 37
WIND ENERGY IS A CLEAN, RENEWABLE FORM OF ENERGY THAT USES VIRTUALLY NO WATER. IT PUMPS BILLIONS OF DOLLARS INTO THE ECONOMY EVERY YEAR. IT’S DROUGHT-RESISTANT AND PRODUCES ZERO GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS.
clean, affordable renewable energy to customers,” according to a statement from Xcel. It said wind power is its most affordable renewable resource. “We continue to grow our use of wind power in Colorado.” Also capitalizing on this renewable energy source is Vestas, which has four wind turbine production facilities in Colorado. The company is confident wind energy will continue to grow. “Fossil fuels are a finite resource that will gradually disappear,” according to a statement on the Vestas web site. “The natural replacement is sweeping freely around the earth. Wind. “It’s renewable, predictable, fast to install, clean and commercially viable.” Vestas predicts that by 2020, as much as 10 percent of the world’s electricity will come from wind. It has installed wind turbines in 73 countries around the world. Part of the NWTC’s mission is to work side by side with industry partners to develop new technologies that can compete in the global market, increase system reliability and reduce energy costs. Field testing at the NWTC assess the performance and reliability of wind turbines before they enter the commercial market. Testing of protypes saves manufacturers such as Vestas from making expensive blunders. The NWTC’s field test sites are integrated with a controllable power grid simulator that helps ensure turbines can be safely and reliably operated on a utility grid. “NWTC is the nation’s premier wind energy technology research facility,” Smith said. According to the American Wind Energy Association, another agency with which NWTC collaborates, Colorado is ranked 10th in the nation in number of wind turbines. Texas is No. 1. “Some people get all wrapped up with where
38 ENERGY PIPELINE AUGUST 2015
BENEFITS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT 0 Wind power creates no emissions and uses virtually no water
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you rank,” Smith said. “What’s important is how wind energy is meeting the needs of the particular state or region. Colorado is unlikely to be No. 1. Texas is a huge state with an independent power grid and a lot of electricity demand.” Along with traditional fossil fuels, wind energy will continue to be an important renewable resource and helps diversify the Colorado economy. “Renewable energy provides jobs and economic value to local and regional communities,” Smith said. Wind energy is a clean, renewable form of energy that uses virtually no water. It pumps billions of dollars into the economy every year. It’s drought-resistant and produces zero greenhouse gas emissions. Wind energy provides and economic investment to rural communities through lease payments to landowners on which turbines are placed. “Colorado is a national leader in the wind energy industry,” according to AWEA. At least 22 manufacturing facilities in Colorado are creating high quality jobs and producing components for the wind industry. The manufacturing supply chain in Colorado includes global companies such as wind turbine manufacturer Vestas and steel producer O’Neal Steel, according to AWEA. Colorado currently generates 13.6 percent of its in-state electricity from wind power. This growth is saving consumers money. The Colorado Public Utilities Commission has stated that a single wind purchase by Xcel Energy “will save ratepayers $100 million over its 25-year term.” Meanwhile, research continues at the National Wind Technology Center. “Our mission is related to reducing the cost of energy for wind and water power technologies and accelerating the deployment of those technologies across the nation,” NWTC director Smith said.
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gas A DIFFERENT TYPE OF
POWER FO R T LU P TO N P O L I C E RUNNING ON ALL-CNG POWERED VEHICLES
40 ENERGY PIPELINE AUGUST 2015
LEFT Fort Lupton Police Chief Kenneth Poncelow fuels his CNG-powered Chevy Tahoe police cruiser at the Ward Alternative Energy CNG fueling station at 7984 U.S. Highway 85 in Fort Lupton.
R
BY MARIA DIBIASE EISEMANN FOR ENERGY PIPELINE PHOTOS BY SHEBLE MCCONNELLOGUE
Northern Colorado Clean Cities Coalition
RIGHT Fort Lupton Police Officer Lynn Cook shows the inside of her CNG-powered police cruiser.Colorado Clean Cities Coalition
FORT LUPTON HAD ITS BEGINNINGS IN 1836 AS A TRADING FORT ALONG THE SOUTH PLATTE RIVER, AND BECAME THE FIRST PERMANENT SETTLEMENT IN NORTHERN COLORADO. That pioneering spirit continued as this city of 8,000 moved out of the economic recession to become the first in Colorado to convert its entire police fleet to run on cleanburning, affordably priced, Colorado-produced compressed natural gas (CNG). “This is the wave of the future,” said Fort Lupton Police Chief Kenneth Poncelow. “Police fleets can save money. It is better to put less money into fuel,” he said, and more into police work. For years following the economic downturn of 2008, the City of Fort Lupton was unable to purchase any new vehicles. In fact, the city government had to impose drastic measures, such as employee furlough days, to survive the recession. By 2012, city officials knew that replacement vehicles were overdue, especially for the police and public works departments. The question was how to plan for vehicles on a tight budget, and how to meet new goals for more economical, cleaner and greener vehicles. That’s when Fort Lupton’s original pioneering spirit came in handy.
With a CNG fueling station already in place in Fort Lupton at 7984 U.S. Highway 85, installed as part of Weld County’s Smart Energy Plan, city officials looked to CNGpowered vehicles as a possible solution. The Upper Front Range Transportation Planning Region put out a call for a joint regional grant application for federal Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ) funds, and Fort Lupton joined in. The city requested funding for four Chevy SUVs, three Chevy pickups and a Freightliner dump truck. Mayor Tom Holton and City Manager Claud Hanes put together the successful grant application. The federal funds covered 82 percent of the total vehicle costs. City Finance Manager Leann Perino handled the procurement, and the vehicles arrived in 2013. Later that year, Fort Lupton submitted its CMAQ application through Weld County to purchase three more Chevy SUVs for the police department, making a complete turnover to a bi-fuel CNG police fleet. With the federal grant funding in play, purchasing the CNG vehicles was “a nobrainer,” said Hanes. But other factors also turned Fort Lupton officials into CNG advocates. The new vehicles have cleaner tailpipe emissions, none of the costly maintenance requirements involved with diesel engines, and deliver sizeable fuel cost savings. In 2013 and 2014, when gasoline and diesel prices were high, Hanes said the city was saving about $7,500 per year through lower pump prices for CNG. While the cost differential shrunk when gasoline prices fell in early 2015, the city knows its CNG prices will stay in the $2 per gallon for years to come, even when gasoline prices rebound. AUGUST 2015 ENERGY PIPELINE 41
THE NEW VEHICLES HAVE CLEANER TAILPIPE EMISSIONS, NONE OF THE COSTLY MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS INVOLVED WITH DIESEL ENGINES, AND DELIVER SIZEABLE FUEL COST SAVINGS
TOP These City of Fort Lupton leaders are strong advocates for a shift to compressed natural gas (CNG) in the city’s fleet. From left, Police Chief Kenneth Poncelow, City Administrator Claud Hanes BOTTOM Dubbed “Big Blue,” this Freightliner CNG truck is used as a dump truck and as a snowplow by City of Fort Lupton Public Works. City Administrator Claud Hanes, left, and Public Works Director Marco Carani say there is no lag in power compared to conventional diesel trucks.
“CNG is the way we’ve got to go,” said Hanes. He noted that gas industry fleets were running their pickups and tankers on CNG, so he was confident it would make sound business sense. “Our biggest holdup was getting a station. As soon as we got a station, we went forward,” he said. Originally developed by Encana Natural Gas, the Fort Lupton CNG station has been owned and operated by Ward Alternative Energy since January 2014. Ward is operating and building more CNG stations in the Greeley, Fort Collins and Loveland area, and is working with Refuel Colorado Fleets to bring more government and business fleets on board with CNG.
CNG SUITS LAW ENFORCEMENT WORK Law enforcement agencies have been skeptical of alternative fuel vehicles, but Chief Poncelow said his department’s bi-fuel
42 ENERGY PIPELINE AUGUST 2015
CNG Chevy Tahoe’s and Yukon’s suit the agency quite well. Typical concerns are vehicle speed capacity, CNG tank space and interior capacity. Poncelow said none of these issues are a problem. The Chevy bi-fuel engines are not designed to be a high-speed vehicle, which fits with the agency’s policy limiting pursuits, the chief said. In these vehicles, the larger CNG fuel tank occupies the space normally used for a spare tire. In Fort Lupton, Poncelow said, officers don’t change their own flats. A fleet maintenance person handles that task, and brings a spare tire along in their repair truck. What officers are enjoying most is the larger SUV vehicle style compared to a large sedan. Between the gear officers carry on their belts, the sudden and sometimes dramatic work they must do and the hours spent in their vehicles, officers sometimes suffer from back pain. The SUV models are easier to get in and out of, provide better back support in the driver’s seat, and are more comfortable over the long hours of a patrol shift. These vehicles also fare better in crash statistics, come equipped with “push” bumpers, and handle better on snowy or wet roads. Added interior space also allows for a plexi-glass separation between back and front seat for unruly passengers. Poncelow did note that it took a few tries for officers to get used to CNG fueling, which
has a few more steps compared to pumping gasoline. He said officers turned in a few receipts for 1 cent. They hadn’t properly attached the fueling nozzle. Poncelow sent the officers back to the station and asked them to follow the detailed instructions on the pump. In no time at all, the officers had the new process down.
PUBLIC WORKS TAPS CNG ADVANTAGES Fort Lupton’s Public Works Department is running three CNG vehicles: two CNG bi-fuel Chevy Silverado æ-ton long-bed pickups, and one all-CNG Freightliner dump truck, which is outfitted in the winter as a snow plow. Public Works Director Marco Carani and his crew call the dump truck “Big Blue.” In 2012, when Fort Lupton was considering the Freightliner, the City of Grand Junction was the only Colorado town using a CNG truck to plow snow, using a truck deployed for the first time that year.
Carani didn’t spend time worrying about the “what ifs.” He knew the truck met his department’s specifications and used a low-cost, clean domestic fuel. He and his staff would make it work. For the past two winters, Big Blue surpassed expectations with its power and ability to push snow. “Our snow plow does the job perfectly,” Carani said. “There’s no lag in power, and green is a good thing. We see no real difference between gasoline and CNG. So why not use it to keep the environment clean?” Carani said his crew is also impressed with performance of the two Silverado bi-fuel pickups. They deliberately ordered long bed models to make up for the lost bed space taken up by the CNG fuel tanks, and they see lost bed space as the only downside to CNG. Fort Lupton crews handle minor vehicle repairs at the city shop, but generally the vehicles are taken to the Chevrolet dealer for service. Hanes said there’s been no increase in maintenance with the CNG vehicles.
Best Performance in THE SNOW IS COMING
‘OTHER FLEETS NEED TO STEP UP’ Hanes, Carani and Poncelow all say other fleets should be looking at converting to CNG for uses that call for an SUV, light-duty pickup or heavy-duty trucks and plows. “Other fleets should just do it,” Hanes said. “We got into this area even as a small fleet, and now we are going to get 25 percent of our fleet into CNG. Other fleets need to step up.” Hanes said Fort Lupton will continue to replace conventionally fueled vehicles with CNG vehicles. Funding to purchase alternative fuel vehicles along the Front Range is still available from Regional Air Quality Council. Government fleets elsewhere in Colorado can tap into the Department of Local Affairs Alternative Fuels Initiative, and private fleets can use generous tax credits to offset the higher costs of the vehicles. Meanwhile, the black and white, CNGpowered police cruisers are an eye-catching feature in Fort Lupton, where old meets new in a city that lives the pioneer spirit.
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News Briefs BLM oil and gas lease sale nets $32.1 million DENVER - The Bureau of Land Management Colorado State Office recently sold 73 parcels totaling 32,962 acres for $32.1 million, including rentals and fees at its quarterly oil and gas lease sale. The highest per-acre price was for a 1,919-acre parcel in Weld County, sold to Ironhorse Resources, LLC., in Denver for $10,100 per acre, according to a news release. Of the 73 parcels, 44 are U.S. Forest Service parcels totaling 25,215 acres that sold for $30.8 million within the Pawnee National Grassland. The parcels in the Pawnee National Grassland contain a No Surface Occupancy stipulation, which means lessees will have access to the subsurface minerals, but not the surface acreage. Leases with this stipulation are typically accessed by using directional drilling methods. The NSO stipulation will result in 10percent to 60 percent fewer roads, pipelines and well pads that would be required to develop the existing patchwork of mineral resources, the release stated. Every lease will require reclamation and contain standard terms and stipulations designed to protect air, water, wildlife and historic and cultural resources. A lease is the first step before eventually applying to develop and produce oil and gas from the public mineral estate. Additional planning, environmental analysis and public input must occur before drilling can begin. The BLM will work with the Forest Service to analyze any applications for a permit to drill within the Pawnee National Grassland, the release stated. The state of Colorado receives 49 percent of the proceeds of each lease sale. In Fiscal Year 2014, Colorado received more than $169 million from royalties, rentals and bonus bid payments for all federal minerals, including oil and gas. Statewide, more than 22,900 jobs are tied to mineral and energy development on public lands, the release stated. - Staff Reports
44 ENERGY PIPELINE AUGUST 2015
NREL, Clemson University collaborates on wind energy testing facilities Two wind energy research and test facilities have joined forces to help the wind energy industry improve the performance of wind turbine drivetrains and better understand how the turbines can integrate more effectively with the electrical grid. Through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement, the Energy Department’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Clemson University will partner to share resources and capabilities in the operation and development of testing facilities. The agreement also includes the exchange of staff for training and research and development purposes, including collaborative participation in facility commissioning and testing activities, according to a news release. NREL, with support from the Wind Program in the Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operates 2.5-megawatt and 5-megawatt dynamometers, and a controllable grid interface - grid simulator that can help engineers better understand how wind turbines will react to grid disturbances, the release stated. Supported by a $45.6 million DOE investment that is cost matched with over $70 million in funds, Clemson University operates a drivetrain testing facility with 7.5-megawatt and 15-megawatt dynamometers at its SCE&G Energy Innovation Center, as well as a 20-megavolt ampere grid emulator, the Duke Energy eGrid, which enables mechanical and electrical testing of wind turbines and other multi-megawatt devices bound for the electrical grid, the release stated. These projects spurred the development of the $21 million Zucker Family Graduate Education Center, which will house Clemson’s graduate programs in the Charleston, S.C. area and is located adjacent to the test facilities. NREL and Clemson are installing hardware-in-the-loop modeling and control capabilities to enhance their testing facilities. - Staff Reports
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News Briefs NREL’s economic impact tops $872 million The economic impact of the Energy Department’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory was $872.3 million nationwide in fiscal year 2014, according to a study by the University of Colorado Boulder’s Leeds School of Business.
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The study, according to a news release, estimates NREL’s impact to Colorado’s economy totaled $701 million, a decline of 1.6 percent from the prior year. The slight year-over-year drop was largely attributed to a decline in major construction spending that came as NREL completed the planned build-out of its sustainable campus. Jefferson County, where the largest concentration of NREL employees is located, saw a $275 million economic impact from the national lab, the release stated. The Golden-based research laboratory is among the 10 largest employers in the county, according to the study, which was done by Richard Wobbekind and Brian Lewandowski of the Business Research Division at the Leeds School of Business. The study was funded by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, which manages and operates NREL for the Department of Energy. The study is online at http:// www.nrel.gov/about/business.html. NREL develops clean energy and energy efficiency technologies and practices, advances related to
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she used those funds for her own personal expenses, the indictment stated. She would tell investors that oil deals were nearing successful completion and that disbursements of profits were imminent. She sent e-mails attaching fabricated court documents regarding the status of civil litigation purporting to award Evans or related parties substantial sums of money. When the oil deals failed to close, she told investors that she would be able to pay investors from these proceeds. Furthermore, Evans concealed from investors her December 2011 criminal indictment by a state of Colorado grand jury and her subsequent March 2013 criminal conviction for theft and forgery, the indictment said. Evans’s bond conditions prohibited her from entering into any financial transactions in excess of $1,000, and the terms of her subsequent state sentence prohibited her from investing money, entering into any financial contracts or arrangements, and having access to or control of any funds of any individual. Evans was charged with eight counts of wire fraud and six counts of money laundering. Wire fraud carries a penalty of not more than 20 years in federal prison, and a fine of up to $250,000. Money laundering carries a penalty of not more than 10 years in federal prison, and a fine of up to $250,000. Included in the indictment is a notice of forfeiture for any property traceable to the money laundering charges alleged in the indictment. Evans pleaded not guilty to the charges; her trial is scheduled to begin Aug. 3. - Staff Reports
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MAKING HOLE A look back at the origins of oil and gas BY BRUCE WELLS • AMERICAN OIL & GAS HISTORICAL SOCIETY
Inventing the electric submersible pump the petroleum
industry owes a lot to Armais Sergeevich Arutunoff. With the help of a prominent Oklahoma oil company president in the 1920s, Arutunoff built the first practical electric submersible pump (ESP) - and revolutionized oilfield production worldwide. A 1936 Tulsa World article described his downhole pump as “an electric motor with the proportions of a slim fencepost which stands on its head at the bottom of a well and kicks oil to the surface with its feet.” Two years later, an estimated 2 percent of all the oil produced in the United States with artifical lift was lifted by an Arutunoff pump. Other inventors had come close. The first patent for an oil-related electric pump was issued in 1894 to Harry Pickett. His invention used a rotary electric motor with “a Yankee screwdriver device to drive a plunger pump,” according to the Journal of Petroleum Technology. Robert Newcomb received a 1918 patent for an “electro-magnetic engine” driving a reciprocating plunger pump. It was another step in the right direction. “Heretofore, in very deep wells the rod that is connected to the piston, and generally known as the ‘sucker’ rod, very often breaks on account of its great length and strains imposed thereon in operating the piston,” notes Newcomb in his application.
Although several patents followed those of Picket and Newcomb, the Journal reports, “it was not until 1926 that the first patent for a commercial, operatable ESP was issued - to ESP pioneer Armais Arutunoff. The cable used to supply power to the bottomhole unit was also invented by Arutunoff.” Arutunoff patent (No. 1,610,726) noted his design was “particularly to the protective means for the electric motor of such a pump when the pump and motor are submerged under water, oil or dangerous fluids. ...The objects of the invention are to provide protective means for the electric motor of such a pump.”
BRUCE WELLS, is the founder of American Oil and Gas Historical Society, a 501c3 nonprofit organization dedicated to preserving the history of oil and gas. He is a former energy reporter and editor who lives in Washington, D.C.
RUSSIAN ELECTRICAL DYNAMO OF ARUTUNOFF Arutunoff was born to Armenian parents in Tiflis, part of the Russian Empire, on June 21, 1893. His home town, in the Caucasus Mountains between the Caspian and Black seas, dated back to the 5th Century. His father was a soap manufacturer and his grandfather a fur trader. Arutunoff’s early studies convinced him that electrical transmission of power could be efficiently applied to oil production to improve the antiquated methods he saw in the early 1900s in Russia. He tested his first ESP in 1916 in Germany, where he formed a company at age 18, according to the Oklahoma Historical Society. “Suspended by steel cables, it was dropped
LEFT PHOTO The son of an Armenian soap maker, Armais Arutunoff invented a downhole pump that greatly improved oilfield production. Photo courtesy esppump.com ILLUSTRATION ABOVE Patented in 1928, the first practical oilfield electric submersible pump (ESP) provided “a protective means for the electric motor.”
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Armais Arutunoff lived in this mansion across from Frank Phillips, whose home today is a Bartlesville, Oklahoma, museum. Photo courtesy Kathryn Mann, Only in Bartlesville.
down the well casing into oil or water and turned on, creating a suction that would lift the liquid to the surface formation through pipes,” notes historian Dianna Everett. After emigrating to America in 1923, Arutunoff could not find financial support for his downhole production technology. Everyone he approached declined, some saying the unit was “impossible under the laws of electronics.” After living in Michigan and Calilornia, he moved to Bartlesville, Okla., in 1928 at the urging of a new friend, Frank Phillips, head of Phillips Petroleum Company. “With Phillips’ backing, he refined his pump for use in oil wells and first successfully demonstrated it in a well in Kansas,” says Everett. The first practical Arutunoff ESP unit was installed in 1928 at a Phillips Petroleum Company lease in the El Dorado oilfield near Burns, Kan. One reporter telegraphed his editor, “Please rush good pictures showing oil well motors that are upside down.” The device was at first manufactured by a small company that soon became Reda Pump Company. Its Bartlesville plant northwest of downtown eventually covered nine acres and employed hundreds during the Great Depression. The name Reda - Russian Electrical Dynamo of Arutunoff - was the cable address of the company Arutunoff originally started in Germany. By end of the 1930s, his company held dozens of patents leading to decades of success. The inventor moved his family into a mansion across the street from Frank Phillips. “Great business success meant great wealth and the Arutunoff family lived in grand style in Bartlesville, neighbors with many of the oil tycoons of that generation,” explains the website esppump. com. “During the hot summer months and bitter winter days in northeastern Oklahoma, he and the family would live in their large rambling home in Beverly Hills, Calif. (he would later sell the home to actor Vincent Price).” A holder of more than 90 patents in the United States, Arutunoff was inducted into the Oklahoma Hall of Fame in 1974. “Try as I may, I cannot perform services of such value to repay this wonderful country for granting me sanctuary and the blessings of freedom and citizenship,” he said at the time. He died in 1978, and he was buried in Memorial Park Cemetery, Bartlesville. Reda Pump Company merged with TRW Inc. in 1969. In 1987, it was sold to Camco International, which merged with Schlumberger in 1998.
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“Making Hole” is a term for drilling coined long before oil or natural gas were anything more than flammable curiosities. Read more petroleum history at the American Oil & Gas Historical Society’s website, www.aoghs.org.
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DATA CENTER
The oil and gas industry is a large part of Colorado’s economy. Below, find statistics on energy pricing, drilling production, well permits, spills and rigs.
2015 DRILLING PERMITS COUNTY
RIG COUNT BY STATE
NO. (% OF STATE TOTAL)
Weld................................................................................................925 (65%) Garfield......................................................................229 (16%)
State July 10 June Avg. May Avg. April Avg. Colorado 38 ........38 ......... 39................... 37 Louisiana 72 ........71 ......... 70................... 70 Oklahoma 106 ......106 ....... 105 ..............122 North Dakota 70 ........76 ......... 79................... 85 Texas 368 ......363 ....... 375 ..............422 Kansas 10 ........13 ......... 12................... 12 California 12 ........11 ......... 13................... 14 Utah 7 ..........7 ........... 6....................... 8 Alaska 10 ........10 ......... 10................... 12 Ohio 19 ........20 ......... 24................... 26 Pennsylvania 45 ........47 ......... 47................... 49 Source: Baker Hughes Rig Count July 2.
2015 GAS PRODUCTION
COUNTY *YTD PRODUCTION (% OF STATE) Weld........................................159,490,888 (30.8%) Garfield..................................158,698,373 (30.7 %) La Plata ..................................111,213,984 (21.5%) Las Animas ................................ 26,787,989 (5.2%) Rio Blanco .................................. 19,474,040 (3.8%) Mesa ........................................... 10,778,803 (2.1%) State .....................................517,197,815
Rio Blanco............................................96 (6.8%) La Plata...............................42 (2.96%) Larimer.....................27 (1.9%) Mesa...................24
2015 OIL
Gunnison.........20
PRODUCTION
Adams............9
COUNTY *YTD
State....................................................1,415 Source: Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission as of July 2.
US RIG COUNT
The U.S. rig count peaked at 4,530 in 1981 and bottomed at 488 in 1999. Area July 10 June avg. May Avg. April Avg. *U.S. 862 861 889 976 Canada 154 128 80 90 Source: Baker Hughes Rig Count, July 10.
PRODUCTION (% OF STATE)
Weld ..............33,109,007 (88%) Rio Blanco .....1,427,125 (3.8%) Garfield ...........486,075 (1.55%) Lincoln ..............499,565 (1.3%) Cheyenne..........497,589 (1.3%) Moffat..............125,851 (0.33%) Jackson ...........146,602 (0.38%) State......................... 37,712,894 Source: Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission as of July 14.
Source: Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission as of July 14.
COLORADO ACTIVE WELL COUNT 54 ENERGY PIPELINE AUGUST 2015
Weld ..........................................................................22,483 Garfield .....................................................................11,016 Yuma ...........................................................................3,880 LaPlata........................................................................3,325
Las Animas .................................................................2,990 Rio Blanco ...................................................................2,917 36 others .....................................................................6,975 State .........................................................................53,586
Source: Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission as of July 2.
AUGUST 2015 ENERGY PIPELINE 55
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