COHRE Return Home Booklet 2008 - Nepalese

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C O H R E

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Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE) www.cohre.org

Canadian International Development Agency

Agence canadienne de développement international

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! nfv & xhf/eGbf a9L g]kfnL d'nsf …Nxf]T;fDkfÚ nfO{ e'6fgdf /x]sf] pgLx?sf] 3/ tyf ;Dkltaf6 lj:yflkt ul/Psf] 5 . h;dWo] clwsf+z g]kfnsf z/0ffyL{ lzlj/df al;/x]sf 5g\ . s/La @ bzssf] lj:yfkgkl5 klg pgLx?sf] ;'/lIft tyf OHhtsf] ;fy 3/ lkmtf{ x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5}g . To;}n] pgLx?n] kfPsf] b'Mv tyf si6nfO{ s]xL sd ug{ ;g\ @))& df ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfn] s/La ^) xhf/ z/0ffyL{nfO{ cfˆgf] d'n'sdf k'gaf{;sf] k|:tfj u¥of] . k'gaf{;n] w]/} z/0ffyL{sf] cj:yfsf] ;dfwfg u/] klg Ps lbg e'6fg kms{g] cfzf tyf ;+3if{ hf/L g} 5 . lkmtL{sf] clwsf/ tyf hUuf, 3/ tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ …lj:yflkt tyf z/0ffyL{sf] 3/ tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] l;4fGtÚ 5f]6s/Ldf lkgx]/f] l;4fGt, df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o; l;4fGtn] e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?sf] nflu e'6fgdf cfˆgf] ;Dklt, 3/ tyf hUuf bfaL ug{ :ki6 tyf jf:tljs clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . o; l;4fGtnfO{ cfjf; tyf ;Dklt lkmtL{sf] nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf k|ltj]bs kfpnf] ;lh{of] lkgx]/f]sf] gfdaf6 gfdf+sg ul/Psf] 5 / o; l;4fGtnfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf k|j4{g pk cfof]un] ;g\ @))% df cg'df]bg u/]sf] xf] . lkgx]/f] l;4fGtn] /fHo, lj:yflkt ;d'bfo, cGt/fli6«o ;+:yf tyf cGo lx:;]bf/x?nfO{ 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{;u ufFl;Psf hl6n sfg'gL, k|fljlws tyf Jojxfl/s ;jfnx?nfO{ s;/L ;Daf]wg ug]{ eGg] ljifodf dfu{lgb]{z ub{5 . oL l;4fGtx? ljZjJofkL ?kdf g} nfu' x'G5g\ / logLx?n] cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/, dfgjLo tyf z/0ffyL{ sfg'g tyf ljZje/ lkmtL{sf] sfg'g, sfo{qmd tyf gLltsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ckgfOPsf /fd|f cEof;x?sf] cfwf/df :ki6 dfGotfx? pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .

3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{ k'g:yf{kLo Gofosf] cjwf/0ffsf] Ps cleGg c+u xf] . lkmtL{n] ;fFRr} g} sfd klg ub{5 lsgls hf] cfˆgf] xf], To;nfO{ cfkm'nfO{ To;af6 lj:yflkt u/fO+{bfsf] cj:yfdf g} pknAw u/fOg'kb{5 . lkmtL{ dfgjtfsf] nflu Psbd} dxTjk'0f{ rLh, cfˆgf] 3/ tyf uf]klgotf, ;+u ;DalGwt 5 . lkmtL{ jf:tljs xfgLsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] nflu cfjZos x'G5 . t/ o; k5fl8sf] ts{ 38LnfO{ pN6f] lbzfdf 3'dfpg] eg] xf]Og . o;n] lj:yfkg jf To;kl5sf] cj:yfdf ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ Gofo ub{5 tyf b]z tyf To;sf hgtfnfO{ zflGt tyf d]nldnfkdf cufl8 a9\gsf] nflu Gofok'0f{ tyf sfd nfUg] ;dfwfg k|bfg ub{5 . lkmtL{ efjgfTds ?kdf k'Ug uPsf] rf]6nfO{ k'g:Yff{kgf ug{ tyf gful/sx?sf] b]z, ;/sf/ tyf ;+:yfx/k|lt ljZjf; k'gM hufpgsf] nflu klg plQs} dxTjk'0f{ 5 . lkmtL{sf] clwsf/n] a[xQ/ ;fdflhs tyf /fhg}lts :yfloTjsf] nflu of]ubfg ug{ ;Sb5 ;fy} lj:yfkgsf] jf:tljs sf/0fnfO{ k'gM k|s6 x'g] cj;/ lb+b}g . o;

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l;4fGt ! – cf}lrTo tyf pkof]u x'g] If]q !=! oxfF pNn]v ul/Psf z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?sf] 3/ tyf ;Dklt lkmtL{sf] l;4fGt lj:yfkgn] ubf{ dgnfuL tyf cGofok"0f{?kdf cfˆgf 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dklt tyf cfkm"n] klxnf al;/x]sf] If]qaf6 al~rt ePsfx/sf] ;jfndf /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o kfqx?nfO{ 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ sfg'gL tyf k|fljlws ljifox?df ;xof]u ug{sf] nflu tof/ ul/Psf x'g\ . !=@ z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?sf] 3/ tyf ;Dklt lkmtL{sf] l;4fGt z/0ffyL{, cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt, tyf p:t} cj:yfdf lj:yflkt eO{ /fli6«o ;Ldfgf sf6]sf t/ z/0ffyL{sf] sfg'gL kl/efiffdf g;d]l6g] -o;kl5 z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflkt dflg;x? eg]/ ;Daf]wg ul/Psf]_ h;nfO{ h'g;'s} k|s[lt tyf cj:yfdf dgnfuL tyf cGofok"0f{ ?kdf cfˆgf 3/, hUuf, ;Dklt tyf cfkm"n] cufl8b]lv pkef]u ub}{ cfO/x]sf] cfjf;sf] pkef]u ug{af6 al~rt ul/Psf] eP klg ;a}nfO{ ;dfg ?kdf nfu' x'G5 . z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?sf] 3/ tyf ;Dklt lkmtL{sf l;4fGtx? ljZjJofkL ?kdf nfu' ug{ tyf lkmtL{sf] sfo{qmd tyf gLltsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos dfkb08 k|bfg ug{sf] nflu th{'df ul/Psf x'g\ . oL l;4fGtx?n] ;DalGwt /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o kfqx?nfO{ lj:yfkgn] dgnfuL tyf cGofok"0f{ ?kdf cfˆgf 3/, hUuf, ;Dklt tyf cfkm"n] cufl8b]lv pkef]u ub}{ cfO/x]sf] cfjf;sf] pkef]u ug{af6 al~rt ul/Psfx?sf] 3/, ;Dklt tyf hUufsf] lkmtL{sf] ;DaGwdf ;Daf]wg ug{ cfjZos kg]{ sfg'gL tyf k|fljlws kIfx?sf] dfu{bz{g k|bfg ub{5g\ . lkgx]/f] l;4fGt ;GwL gePsf]n], /fHox? o;nfO{ nfu' ug{ sfg'gL ?kdf afWosf/L x'Fb}gg\ . t/, oL l;4fGtx? cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gdf cfwfl/t ePsf]n], tL l;4fGtx?sf] g}lts zlQm tyf lognfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f tyf k|a4{g pk cfof]un] ;dy{g u/]sf]n] oL l;4fGtx? cfjf;, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{ ;'lglZrt ug{ 7'nf] ;xof]uL ePsf 5g\ . z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?sf] 3/ tyf ;Dklt lkmtL{sf] l;4fGt h'g;'s} k|s[lt tyf cj:yfdf dgnfuL tyf cGofok"0f{ ?kdf cfˆgf 3/, hUuf, ;Dklt tyf cfkm"n] cufl8b]lv pkef]u ub}{ cfO/x]sf] cfjf;sf] pkef]u ug{af6 al~rt ul/Psf] eP klg ;a} JolQmnfO{ ;dfg ?kdf nfu' x'G5 . lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ /ª\u, lnª\u, efiff, wd{, /fhgLlts tyf cGo ljrf/, tyf vf;u/L hfltotf tyf

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/fli6«otfsf] cfwf/df e]befj ul/g] 5}g . To;}n] oL l;4fGtx? e'6fgdf af;:yfg ePsf Nxf]T;fDkfx? Hff] ljleGg lje]bsf/L gLltsf] sf/0fn] e'6fgaf6 lj:yflkt ePsf 5g\ , pgLx?nfO{ klg nfu' x'G5 . oL l;4fGtx? e'6fgLx?, Hff] g]kfnsf z/0ffyL{ lzlj/df btf{ eP/ a;]sf 5g\, hf] btf{ gu/Lsg lzlj/ aflx/ tyf g]kfnL gful/sx?;+u 3'nldn u/]/ al;/x]sf 5g\ , hf] ef/t nufot c? b]zdf lj:yflkt 5g\ tyf hf] e'6fgdf g} cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt 5g\ , oL ;a}nfO{ nfu' x'G5 . lkgx]/f] l;4fGtdf z/0ffyL{ zAb !(%! sf] z/0ffyL{sf] cj:yfsf] ;DaGwsf] cle;lGw tyf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 z/0ffyL{ pRrfo'Qmsf] ljwfgdf plNnlvt sfg'gL tyf k|fljlws kl/efiffdf dfq ;Lldt 5}g . lkgx]/f] l;4fGtdf z/0ffyL{ zAbn] To:tf JolQmx?nfO{ hgfpF5, hf] cfˆgf] 3/ 5f]8\g afWo kfl/Psf 5g\ ;fy} Hf;n] cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldf kf/ u/]sf 5g\ .

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l;4fGt # b]lv ( ;Dd ePsf dfgj clwsf/sf l;4fGtx? lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf x/]s txdf dfu{lgb]{zs x'G5g\ eGg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . oL l;4fGtx?nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf cleGg c+u ePsf s]xL dfGotfx?n] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . oL l;4fGtx? dfgj clwsf/, hUuf tyf ;Dklt lkmtL{sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k|d'v cfwf/ x'g\ . ;Dklt tyf hUufsf] lkmtL{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ ;Dk'0f{ jftf{, lkmtL{;DaGwL lgod, sfg'g, tyf lkmtL{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfut ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ubf{ oL k|d'v l;4fGtx?nfO{ Wofg k'¥ofpg'kb{5 . plNnlvt l;4fGtx?nfO{ plrt Wofg glb+bf To;n] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ g} cjd'Nog ub{5 . lkgx]/f] l;4fGtn] ;dfg Jojxf/sf] clwsf/, dlxnf tyf k'?ifsf] ;dfgtfsf] clwsf/, lj:yfkgaf6 hf]lug] clwsf/, uf]klgotf tyf 3/sf] ;Ddfgsf] clwsf/, ;Dkltsf] zflGtk"0f{ pkof]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/, cfjZos kg{] hlt cfjf;sf] clwsf/, 3'dlkm/ ug]{ :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/nfO{ k|d'v clwsf/sf] ?kdf lnPsf] 5 . k|d'v l;4fGtn] klxnfsf] l:ylt h'g cGofok'0f{ tyf u}/sfg'gL lyof] To;df k'g:yf{kgf x'g aGb]h nufPsf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu, e]befjdflysf] aGb]hn] Tof] cj:yfsf] k'g:yf{kgf x'g /f]S5 hxfF dlxnfdfly e]befj ul/GYof] / pgLx?nfO{ hUufsf] :jfldTj lng tyf To;sf] rngsf] clwsf/ lng aGb]h nufOPsf] lyof] .

l;4fGt # – ;dfg Jojxf/sf] clwsf/ #=! x/]s JolQmx?nfO{ /ª\u, hft, lnª\u, efiff, wd{, /fhgLlts tyf cGo ljrf/, /fli6«o tyf ;fdflhs d"n, ;Dklt, czQmtf, hGd tyf cGo cj:yfsf] cfwf/df x'g] e]befjaf6 hf]lug] clwsf/ 5 . #=@ /fHon] dfly plNnlvt cfwf/df sfg'gL tyf Jojxfl/s ?kdf e]befj lgif]w u/]sf] Uof/]G6L ug'{kb{5 / ;a} lj:yflkt tyf z/0ffyL{x? sfg'gsf] gh/df ;dfg 5g\ . lkmtL{sf] ;Gbe{df ;dfg Jojxf/sf] clwsf/n] pQm clwsf/ ePsf ;a} JolQmnfO{ lkmtL{sf] bfjL k|lqmof ;dfg ?kdf nfu' x'g' kb{5 eGg] hgfpF5 . hf]lvddf /x]sf tyf ;LdfGts[t ju{h:tf ;a} lj:yflktnfO{ lkmtL{sf] clwsf/ ;dfg?kdf sfof{Gjog x'g] cj;/ lbg'kb{5 . /ª\u, efiff, lj:yfkgsf] sf/0f cflbn] s'g} klg cj:yfdf e]befj x'g x'Fb}g . cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cg';f/ e'6fg dlxnfdfly x'g] e]befj pGd'ng ;DaGwL cle;GwL -;LO8LP8ANo' _ tyf afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL cle;GwL -;Lcf/;L_ df /fHo kIf ePsf]n] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfdfly x'g] e]befjsf] pGd'ng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ sbdx?

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lng' kb{5 . g]kfnL d'nsf JolQmx? Hf;nfO{ ca e'6fgL gful/s 7flg+b}g, pgLx?dfly e]befj x'g] ulx/f] ;Defjgf 5 . e'6fgsf Nxf]T;fDkfx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] /fli6«otf k'g:yf{kgf x'g] clwsf/ eP klg Tof] pgLx?sf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;fGble{s kIf xf]Og . pgLx?nfO{ cfˆgf] b]z e'6fgdf lkmtf{ x'g] dfq clwsf/ xf]Og pgLx?sf] /fli6«otfsf afah'b cfˆgf] k'/fgf] ;Dklt lkmtf{ kfpg] clwsf/ 5 . o;sf cnfjf Nxf]T;fDkfx? Hf;nfO{ cfˆgf] 3/, ;Dkltaf6 lj:yflkt x'g afWo agfOof] / hf] g]kfnsf z/0ffyL{ lzlj/x?df o'Pg\Pr\;Lcf/;+u btf{ gu/Lsg a;]sf 5g\ pgLx?sf] j]jf:tf ul/Pnf eGg] 7'nf] lrGtf 5 . btf{ gu/Lsg lzlj/ aflx/ g]kfnL;+u ldn]/ a;]sf jf hf]] efu]/ ef/tnufot c? b]zdf k'u]/ g]kfnL jf ef/tLo gful/s;+u ljjfx u/]/ a;]sf 5g\ jf hf] e'6fgdf g} 5g\, pgLx? Kflg j]jf:tfdf kg{ ;S5g\ .

l;4fGt $ – dlxnf tyf k'?ifsf] ;dfgtfsf] clwsf/ $=! /fHon] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{df dlxnf tyf k'?if, s]6f / s]6Lsf] ;dfg clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . /fHon] OHht tyf :jtGqfk"j{s :j]lR5s lkmtL{, ;Dkltsf] :jfldTj, c+zdf kx'Fr, 3/ hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] kx'Fr tyf lgoGq0fdf dlxnf, k'?if tyf s]6f, s]6Lsf] ;dfg kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . $=@ /fHon] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf sfo{qmd, gLlt tyf Jojxf/df 3/sf k'?if tyf dlxnf d'nLx?sf] ;+o'Qm :jfldTjnfO{ Ps cleGg tyf :ki6 cª\usf ?kdf ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . ;fy} o:tf sfo{qmdx?n] lnª\uLo ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ Wofg lbg'kb{5 . $=# /fHon] hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf sfo{qmd, gLlt tyf Jojxf/x? dlxnf tyf s]6Lx?nfO{ 3f6f gkg]{ lsl;dsf] agfpg] ;'lglZrttf lbg'kb{5 . ;fy} lnª\uLo ;dfgtf ;'lglZrt ug{ ;sf/fTds sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 . l;4fGt $ n] dlxnf tyf k'?ifsf] ;dfgtfsf] clwsf/sf] s'/f u/] klg of] l;4fGtdf dlxnfx? lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf ;Dk'0f{ r/0fx?df ;xefuL x'g'kb{5 eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ljz]ift M dlxnfx? lj:yfkgsf cj:yfdf a9L hf]lvddf x'G5g\ . lkmtL{sf] bfjL k|lqmofx?n] dlxnfsf lkmtL{sf clwsf/x? ;'lglZrt ug{'kb{5 tyf /fHon] s]6L tyf dlxnfsf cfjf;, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf lkmtL{sf

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clwsf/x? ;'lglZrt ug{ ;sf/fTds sbdx? rfNg'kb{5 . hUuf tyf ;Dklt;DaGwL lglZrt sfg'g, gLlt tyf Jojxf/x?sf] sfof{Gjogdf lnª\uLo ;dfgtfsf] cefjdf dlxnfx?dfly e]befj x'g] ub{5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu l;4fGtx?n] dlxnfsf] ;dfg ?kdf ;Dkltdf xsbfjL nfU5 / / lkmtL{ kxnx?df] 3/sf] ;jfndf klg pgLx?sf] xs nfU5 eGg]df hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . lkmtL{sf] ;Gbe{df ag]sf sfo{qmd, gLlt tyf Jojxf/df 3/sf k'?if tyf dlxnf d'nLx?sf] ;+o'Qm :jfldTjnfO{ Ps cleGg tyf :ki6 cª\usf ?kdf k|f]T;fxg tyf ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 eGg]df l;4fGtx?n] hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . l;4fGtsf oL k|fjwfgx? lkmtL{sf sfo{qmd, gLlt tyf Jojxf/x?n] tyf kf/Dkl/s k'?if 3/d'nL x'g] rngn] dlxnf tyf s]6Lx?nfO{ 3f6f kg{' x'Fb}g eGg]nfO{ Wofg lbP/ agfOPsf 5g\ . lkmtL{ k|lqmofdf lnª\uLo ?kdf ;+j]bgzLn kxn ug{' h?/L 5 h;n] ubf{ dlxnfx?sf] xsbfjLdf k'/f kx'Fr k'Ug ;sf];\ . dlxnfx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] xs tyf clwsf/sf] af/]df kof{Kt hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 h;n] ubf{ pgLx? To;af/]df ;r]t x'g ;s'g\ . of] lg0f{o k|lqmofsf] Ps dxTjk'0f{ efu xf] lsgls ;r]t lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf kof{Kt tyf ;xL ;'rgfn] dfq x'g ;S5 . lnª\uLo ?kn] ;+j]bgzLn lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf ;a} lg0f{o k|lqmofdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg ?kdf ;xeflutf dxTjk'0f{ x'G5 . dlxnf lj?4 x'g] e]befjsf] pGd'ng;DaGwL cle;lGw cg';f/ e'6fgn] dlxnf tyf k'?ifaLrdf ;dfgtf ;'lglZrt ug{'kb{5 . e'6fg Ps dft[;QfTds b]z xf] hxfF dlxnfn] ;dfg ?kdf hUufdf xsbfjL ug{, lsGg, :jfldTj u|x0f ug{ tyf k|of]u ug{ kfpF5g\ . o; ;dfgtfnfO{ lkmtL{ k|lqmofdf hUufsf] :jfldTj tyf k|of]usf] clwsf/ ljt/0f ubf{ :jLsfg'{ tyf sfod ug'{kb{5 .

l;4fGt % – lj:yfkgaf6 hf]lug] clwsf/ %=! x/]s dflg;nfO{ cfˆgf] 3/, hUuf tyf cfkm" a;f]af; ul//x]sf] 7fpFaf6 dgnfuL 9ª\un] lj:yfkgaf6 hf]lug] clwsf/ 5 . %=@ /fHon] lj:yfkg lj?4sf] ;'/IffnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ tyf dfgjLo sfg'g, ;DalGwt dfGotf cg'?k /fli6«o sfg'gx?df ;dfj]z ug'{kb{5 / o; clwsf/nfO{ cfˆgf] sfg'gL bfo/fleq /x]sf tyf cfˆgf] Jojxfl/s lgoGq0fdf /x]sf If]qsf ;a}nfO{ a/fa/ ?kdf sfg'g cg'?ksf] clwsf/ lbg'kb{5 . %=# /fHon] ha/h:tL lg:sf;g, 3/ eTsfpg], s[lif e"ldsf] ljgfz, dgnfuL tyf cGofok"0f{ ?kdf hUuf sAhf ug]{

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sfo{nfO{ n8fOFsf] tl/sfsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ lgif]w ug'{kb{5 . %=$ /fHon] cfˆgf] kIf tyf u}/ /fHo kIfaf6 sf]xL klg lj:yflkt x'g gk/f];\ eg]/ sbd rfNg]5 . /fHon] cfˆgf] sfg'gL bfo/fleq tyf cfˆgf] k|efjsf/L lgoGq0fdf /x]sf If]qsf sf]xL klg JolQm, ;+:yf tyf cGo lgsfox? lj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{df ;xefuL jf ;xof]uL gxf]pmg\ eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug'{kb{5 . lj:yfkgaf6 hf]lug] clwsf/ lkmtL{sf] clwsf/sf] ;Gbe{df dxTjk'0f{ 5 lsgls lj:yflkt dflg;x? g} af/Daf/ lj:yfkgsf] hf]lvdf x'G5g\ . lkmtL{ lg/fs/0ffTds sbd xf] h;n] lj:yfkgnfO{ pN6fP/ dflg;x?nfO{ klxnfsf] l:yltdf g} kmsf{pFb5 . To;}n] /fHon] lkmtL{sf] sfo{qmdn] ;a} k|sf/sf -gofF_ lj:yfkg /f]S5 eGg] Uof/]G6L ug'{kb{5 . /fHon] u}/ sfg'gL tyf dgnfuL lj:yfkgsf] sf/0f, To;df k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUgnfO{ klxrfg u/L To; lj?4df cfjZos sf/jfxL ug'{kb{5 . e'6fgsf] ;Gbe{df /fli6«otf, gful/stf, hUufsf] :jfldTj, k|of]u, tyf kx'Fr / xsjfnfsf] cg'kl:yltdf ePsf k|of]uh:tf ljifox?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{ h?/L 5 . of] l;4fGtn] o; ;Gbe{df e'6fgL /fHonfO{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfo 7fGb5 . e'6fg ;/sf/n] e'6fgsf Nxf]T;fDkfx?nfO{ c? gful/sx? ;/x g} cfjf;, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] k|of]u tyf :jfldTjsf] tyf -ha/h:tL_ lj:yfkgaf6 hf]ufpg] ;'lglZrttf ug'{ h?/L 5 . o; kl/k|]Iodf e'6fgdf a;f]af; ul//x]sf *!,))) …u}/ e'6fgLÚ, h;dWo] clwsf+z Nxf]T;fDkf tyf g]kfnsf z/0ffyL{ lzlj/df a;f]af; ul//x]sfsf gft]bf/x? x'g\, pgLx? Vff; hf]lvddf 5g\ . w]/};+u ToxfFsf] hUufsf] :jfldTj 5 t/ To;nfO{ cflwsfl/s ?kaf6 btf{ ug{sf] nflu cK7\of/f] e}/x]sf] 5 .

l;4fGt ^ – uf]klgotf tyf 3/sf] ;Ddfgsf] clwsf/ ^=! x/]s JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] uf]klgotf tyf 3/df x'g] dgnfuL tyf cGofok"0f{ x:tIf]kaf6 hf]lug] clwsf/ 5 . ^=@ /fHon] ;a}nfO{ cfˆgf] uf]klgotf tyf 3/df x'g] dgnfuL tyf cGofok"0f{ x:tIf]kaf6 hf]lugsf] nflu ;'/IffTds Joj:yfsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{5 . uf]klgotf tyf 3/sf] ;Ddfgsf] clwsf/n] lj:yfkgaf6 hf]lug] clwsf/ tyf lkmtL{sf] clwsf/;+u ulx/f] ;DaGw /fVb5 . uf]klgotf tyf 3/sf] ;Ddfgsf] clwsf/df x'g] s'g} klg x:tIf]kx? sfg'g;Ddt, ljlw k'¥ofOPsf] tyf ;xL p2]Zo k'lt{sf] nflu x'g'kb{5 . o;sf cnfjf s'g} klg x:tIf]kn] k|fKt ug{ vf]lhPsf] p2]Zo /

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ckgfOPsf] p2]ZoaLrdf ;df~h:otf x'g h?/L 5 -;dfg'kfltssf] l;4fGt_ . uf]klgotfsf] clwsf/sf] x:tIf]k ePdf c;/ k/]sf] kIfn] Ifltk'lt{ KffpF5 tyf cGo pkrf/fTds sbdx?df xs nfU5 . olb To:tf x:tIf]kn] ubf{ cfjf; tyf ;Dkltsf] ljgfz ePdf Tof] lkmtL{ bfjL ug]{ Ps j}w cfwf/ aGb5 .

l;4fGt & – ;Dkltsf] zflGtk"0f{ pkof]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ &=! x/]s JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] ;Dkltsf] zflGtk"0f{ pkof]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ 5 . &=@ /fHon] JolQmut ;Dklt pkef]u ug{ kfpg] pQm ;Dklt clwsf/nfO{ ;fj{hlgs lxtdf k|of]u ug{sf] nflu x:tIf]k ug{ ;Sb5 . pQm x:tIf]k sfg'gn] tf]s]adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf tyf cGt/fli6«o sfg'gsf] kl/lwdf /x]/ dfq x'g]5 . ;Dej eP;Dd ;fj{hlgs lxtnfO{ Psbd} Go'g ?kdf dfq JofVof ul/g'kb{5 h;n] ubf{ pQm x:tIf]k ;Lldt tyf c:yfoL dfq x'G5 . o; l;4fGtn] JolQmn] cfkm';+u ePsf] tyf cfkm'n] pkef]u ul//x]sf] hUuf tyf ;Dkltdfly ljZjJofkL ?kdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf] p;sf] clwsf/nfO{ k|ltlalDat ub{5 . ;Dkltsf] zflGtk"0f{ pkof]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ JolQm kms{g] tyf p;nfO{ klxnfsf] 3/ tyf hUufdf k'g:yf{kgf u/fpg] k|lqmofsf] cfwf/ xf] . hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] rf]/L, cGwfw'Gw cfqmd0f tyf lx+;f, tyf /fhgLlts ?kdf clek|]l/t ljgf;af6 hf]ufpg' /fHosf] bfloTj xf] . ;Dkltsf] zflGtk"0f{ pkof]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ JolQmx?n] kf/Dkl/s ?kdf pkef]u ub}{ cfPsf] hUuf tyf ;Dkltdf klg nfu' x'G5 . oL ;Dkltx?df pgLx?sf] ;Dej ePsf] ;dodf kms{g kfpg] clwsf/ sfod x'G5 . cfˆgf] :jfldTj tyf pkef]u ug]{ clwsf/ EfPsf] ;Dklt - pbfx/0fsf] nflu hUufsf] ef]urngsf] clwsf/ _ sf] kx'Frdf lg/Gt/ afwf k'¥ofOof] eg] ;Dkltsf] zflGtk"0f{ pkof]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/sf] pNª\3g x'G5 . o; clwsf/df, sfg'gdf pNn]v ePadf]lhd dfq cyjf Tof] cj:yfdf hlxn] pQm ;Dkltsf] pkof]un] ;dfhsf] a[xQ/ lxt x'g] ;fljt ePdf dfq, ;Lldt ug{ ldNb5 -;dfg'kflts tyf ts{k'0f{sf ;jfnx?nfO{ Wofg lbg' h?/L 5 _ . o:tf] ;Lldttf ckgfpg] dfkb08 pRr x'G5 / …;dfhsf] lxtÚ eGg] zAbfjnLnfO{ Psbd} ;Lldt 9ª\un] a'‰g'kb{5 h;n] ubf{ x:tIf]k c:yfoL tyf ;Lldt xf];\ . e'6fgsf lj:yflkt JolQmx?, h;nfO{ ;Dkltsf] zflGtk"0f{ pkof]u ug{af6 jl~rt ul/Psf] 5, sf] ;jfndf e'6fgn] pgLx?sf hUufx?nfO{ ;fj{hlgs pkof]usf] nflu ;Ldf+sg ul/Psf] nfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{kb{5 .

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l;4fGt – * cfjZos kg{] hlt cfjf;sf] clwsf/ *=! x/]s JolQmnfO{ cfjZos kg{] hlt cfjf;sf] clwsf/ x'G5 . *=@ /fHon] cfjZos cfjf; If]q gkfPsf z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?sf] cj:yfnfO{ lgjf/0f ug{sf] nflu cfjZos sbd rfNg]5 . lj:yfkgsf] cj:yfn] lj:yflkt JolQmx?sf] cfjZos kg]{ hlt cfjf;sf] clwsf/nfO{ c;/ tyf cjd'Nog ub}{g . cfjZos kg{] hlt cfjf;sf] clwsf/n] /fHonfO{ a:g] cjlwsf] ;'lglZrttf ePsf] cfjf; pknAw u/fpg, vl/b ug{ ;lsg], a:g nfos tyf ;fF:s[lts ?kdf pko'Qm ePsf ;]jf, ;'ljwf, ;fdu|L tyf k'jf{wf/df kx'Fr k'¥ofpg tyf pknAw u/fpg lhDd]jf/ t'NofPsf] 5 . o; l;4fGt cg';f/ /fHosf] Ps k|d'v bfloTj eg]sf] p;n] a:g] cjlwsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{kb{5 . o;sf] ;fy} ha/h:tL lgisf;g, dgnfuL 3/ x8Kg] tyf afF8\g] sfdaf6 ;'/Iff lbg'kb{5 . cjlwsf] ;'lglZrttf cfjZos kg{] hlt cfjf;sf] clwsf/, lj:yfkgaf6 hf]lug] clwsf/ l;4fGt %_ tyf lkmtL{sf] clwsf/sf cfjZos c+u x'g\ . cjlwsf] ;'lglZrttf ;fdfGotof hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] :jfldTj;+u ufFl;P klg o;n] a[xt\ Joj:yfx? ;d]6\5 h;n] ubf{ a;f]af; ug]{ tyf ;Dkltsf] pkef]u ug]{ Ifdtf ;'/lIft x'G5 . o;df ef8f tyf lnhdf lbg], ;xsf/L cfjf;, bL3{sfnLg k|of]u, pkef]u, :jtM k|of]u tyf rngdf cfwfl/t pkef]u cflb klg kb{5g\ . lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] lj:yfkgsf] a]nfdf tyf cfjf; lkmtL{sf] bLuf] pkfox?sf] of]hgf tyf sfof{Gjog r/0fdf cfjZos cfjf; kfpg] clwsf/ x'G5 . lj:yfkgsf] a]nfdf a}w cfjf; lkmtL{sf] bfjL ePsf dflg;x? cfjZos kg{] hlt cfjf;sf] clwsf/n] pNn]v u/]adf]lhdsf] :t/sf] cfjf; ;'ljwfaf6 jl~rt x'G5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu pgLx?sf] af;sf] cjlwsf] ;'lglZrttf gx'g ;S5 / pgLx?nfO{ cfˆgf] cf>o:yn tyf c:yfoL cfjf;af6 dgnfuL tyf cGwfw'Gw ?kdf x6fOg ;S5 eg] c?sf] nflu kfgL 9nlgsf; tyf cGo cfjZos ;]jfx?sf] cfk'lt{ gx'g ;S5 . lkgx]/f] l;4fGtn] lj:yflktsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ cfjf;sf] clwsf/df cfGtl/s lj:yfkgsf] dfu{bz{s l;4fGtsf] rrf{ u/]sf] 5 . pQm clwsf/df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5, …;a} cfGtl/s lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ cfjf;sf] clwsf/ x'G5 === ;DalGwt clwsf/Lx?n] cfGtl/s lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ cfwf/e't cfjf;df kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug{'kb{5 -l;4fGt !*_Ú. o; ;Gbe{df e'6fgL z/0ffyL{nfO{ ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf nufot t];|f] d'n'sdf k'gaf{; u/fpg] k|:tfjnfO{ z/0ffyL{nfO{ lj:yfkgsf] cj:yfdf cfjZos kg]{ cfjf; kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Psf] ?kdf a'‰g' kb{5 .

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l;4fGt ( – :jtGq ?kdf 3'dlkm/ ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ (=! x/]snfO{ 3'dlkm/ ug]{ :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/ 5 / pgLx?n] cfkm"n] /f]h]sf] 7fp“df a;f]af; ug]{ clwsf/ 5 . s;}nfO{ klg dgnfuL tyf cGofok"0f{ ?kdf s'g} klg l;dfgf, If]q tyf k|b]zdf ;Lldt ul/g] 5}g / s;}nfO{ klg s'g} l;dfgf, If]q tyf k|b]zaf6 dgnfuL tyf cGofok"0f{ ?kdf lj:yflkt ul/g] 5}g . (=@ /fHon] 3'dlkm/ ug{ kfpg] :jtGqtf / cfjf; If]q 5fGg kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ sfg'gn] tf]s]adf]lhdsf] /fli6«o ;'/Iff, ;fj{hlgs Joj:yf, ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo tyf g}ltstfsf] /Iff ug{ tyf c? JolQmsf] clwsf/ tyf :jtGqtfnfO{ /Iff ug{ cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/, z/0ffyL{ tyf dfgjLo sfg'g tyf ;DalGwt dfGotfsf] cfwf/df /xg] u/L ;Lldt ug{ ;Sg]5 . :jtGq ?kdf 3'dlkm/ ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ tyf cfˆgf] af;:yfg /f]Hg kfpg] clwsf/ :yflkt ug{ JolQmx?nfO{ lj:yfkg tyf k'glj{:yfkg tyf ha/h:tL lkmtL{af6 hf]ufpg'kb{5 . olb JolQmx?n] cfˆgf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu 3/ tyf ;Dklt 5f]8\g rfx]df pgLx?nfO{ s'g} lglZrt ef}uf]lns If]qleq a:g afWo agfOof] tyf ;/sf/L sbdx?n] pgLx?nfO{ pQm If]q 5f]8\g cgfjZos ?kn] cK7\of/f] agfof] eg] To;nfO{ o; clwsf/sf] xggsf] ?kdf lnOG5 . ;/sf/, /fhgLlts ;d'x tyf ljb|fxLaf6 /fhgLlts p2]Zoaf6 jf plrt sfg'gL cfwf/ geOsg lgof]lht ?kdf JolQmx?nfO{ s'g} ef}uf]lns If]qdf ;Lldt ug]{ jf pgLx?sf] hUuf tyf ;Dkltaf6 lj:yflkt u/fpg] k|of;n] of] clwsf/sf] pnª\3g ub{5 . oL ;a} pnª\3gn] ;'/Iffdf vt/f, cfwf/e't cfjZostfdf ;Lldt kx'Fr, hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg] clwsf/, /f]huf/Lsf] clwsf/, ;Dklt tyf kl/jfl/s hLjgsf] clwsf/ h:tf clwsf/x?sf] pnª\3g ub{5g\ . cGt/fli6«o ;d'bfo, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 tyf dfgj clwsf/ ;+:yfx?n] xfn;fn} ePsf åGån] ubf{ ePsf] lj:yflkt JolQmx?sf] a9f]Q/Ln] ubf{ ha/h:tL lkmtL{sf] 36gfk|lt lrGtf JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . csf]{ lrGtf eg]sf] åGåu|:t If]qdf JolQmx?sf] cfjfudgnfO{ ;Lldt agfOPsf] xf] h;n] ubf{ pgLx?sf] :jtGq ?kdf 3'dlkm/ ug{ kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ ;Lldt ub{5 -x]g'{xf];\ l;4fGt !)_ . /fHo nufotsf ;a} ;d'x tyf kIfx? h;n] o; clwsf/nfO{ ;Lldt kfg{ vf]Hb5g\ pgLx?;+u ;Lldt cfjfudg jf Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf ;g{ afWo agfpgsf] nflu a}w cfwf/x? x'g h?/L 5 .

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efu $

;'/Iff tyf OHhtsf] ;fy :j]R5fn] kms{g kfpg] clwsf/

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l;4fGt !) – ;'/Iff tyf OHhtsf] ;fy :j]R5fn] kms{g kfpg] clwsf/ !)=! ;a} z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ ;'/Iff tyf OHhtsf] ;fy :j]R5fn] 3/, hUuf tyf cfkm" al;/x]sf] 7fpFdf kms{g kfpg] clwsf/ 5 . :j]lR5s lkmtL{ :jtGq, ;r]t tyf JolQmut lg0f{osf] cfwf/df x'g'kg]{ tyf z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?nfO{ cfˆgf] b]z jf cfkm" a;]sf] :yfgsf] ef}lts, sfg'gL tyf ;'/Iffnufotsf ljifox?df ;xL, oyfy{k/s, lgikIf tyf k"0f{ ;"rgf k|bfg ul/g'kb{5 !)=@ /fHon] :j]lR5s ?kdf 3/, hUuf tyf cfkm" a;f]af; ul//x]sf] If]qdf kms{g rfxg] z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?nfO{ kms{g cg'dlt lbg]5 . o; clwsf/nfO{ /fHodf ePsf] kl/jt{gsf] cj:yfn] sd ug{ ldNb}g / /fHon] dgnfuL tyf cGofok"0f{ ?kdf ;do ;Ldf tf]Sg] 5}g . !)=# z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?nfO{ ha/h:tL 3/, hUuf tyf cfkm"n] klxnf a;f]af; ul//x]sf] If]qdf kms{g k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf ?kdf afWo kfl/g] 5}g . z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?n] lkmtL{ afx]s lj:yfkgsf] bLuf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg rfx]df pgLx? To;f] ug{ :jtGq 5g\ . o;f] ub}{df pgLx?sf] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/sf] xgg x'g] 5}g . !)=$ /fHon] cfjZos ePsf] v08df z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?sf] zflGtk"0f{?kdf tyf OHhtsf] ;fy :j]lR5s lkmtL{nfO{ k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] cufl8 a9fpg c? b]z tyf cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox?;+u cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u dfUg ;Sb5 . cfˆgf] b]zdf kms{g kfpg]] clwsf/nfO{ w]/} cGt/f{li6«o ;GwLx?n] ;'lglZrt u/]sf 5g\ o;nfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf ljleGg lgsfox?n] klg k'g hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . of] clwsf/sf] cleJolQm w]/}h;f] cj:yfdf :j]lR5s lkmtL{ vf]Hg] z/0ffyL{x?sf] ;Gbe{df ePsf] 5 . s]xL ;dootf o; clwsf/nfO{ cfˆgf] b]zdf lkmtL{sf] cnfjf cfˆgf] ljutsf] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltdf lkmtL{sf] ?kdf a9L lnOg nfluPsf] 5 . lkmtL{sf] clwsf/ :jtGq ?kdf plePsf], cfkm}+df :jfoQ clwsf/ xf] hf] c? ;DalGwt clwsf/x?nfO{ dfGotf lbg'df jf ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog x'g'df ;DalGwt x'Fb}g . lj:yfkgsf] ;d:ofsf] of] ;aeGbf OHhtbf/ ;dfwfg xf] lsgls o;n] 3/ tyf cGo ;Dklt, hLjofkgsf tl/sf tyf klxnfsf] hLjgsf] ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts kIfsf] ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ x'g] dxTjnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5. lkmtL{sf] clwsf/ eg]sf] lj:yflkt JolQmx? clgjfo{ ?kdf cfˆgf] 3/df kms{g kb{5 eGg] xf]Og . lkmtL{sf] clwsf/n] ;/sf/, ljb|f]xL

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;d'x, /fhgLlts kf6L{h:tf lgsfox?n] lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ kms{g s'g} klg ;dodf u/]sf] hf]/ha/h:tLnfO{ a}w t'NofpFb}g . lkmtf{ x'g] /f]hfO lgtfGt :j]lR5s x'g'kb{5 tyf lkmtL{ ;'/Iff tyf OHhtsf] ;fy x'g'kb{5 . lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ lkmtL{sf cj:yfsf] af/]df ;fdlos tyf ;xL ;'rgf k|bfg ug]{ xf] eg] pgLx? :j]lR5s lkmtL{sf] lg0f{o lng ;Ifd 5g\ . ;/sf/n] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/sf] dd{nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub{} lj:yflkt JolQmx? kms{g] a}w cfwf/x?sf vfsf tof/ ug'{kb{5 . lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf] bLuf]kg lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ :jLsf/ u/]kl5 tyf lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ 3/ tyf hUufsf] lkmtL{ u/fpg] lg/fs/0ffTds pkfox? canDag u/]kl5 dfq ;Dej 5 -l;4fGt @_ . lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ csf]{ :yfgdf k'gaf{; jf pko'Qm Ifltsf] bfjL ug]{h:tf pgLx?sf] cfjf;sf] ;d:ofsf] bLuf] ;dfwfg k|bfg ug]{ lg/fs/0ffTds pkfox?sf] vf]hL ug{ lbg'kb{5 . Ps k6s lj:yflkt ePkl5 lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ kg]{ ef}lts, cfly{s tyf efjgfTds bjfjx?n] cfˆgf] 3/ tyf ;Dkltdf lkmtf{ hfgnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ ;Sb5g\ . lkmtL{sf] clwsf/n] lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ To; clwsf/sf] cfwf/df c? ljsNkx? Vff]Hg gldNg] sNkgf u/]sf] 5}g . g t c? ljsNkx? kfPsf]n] g} lj:yflkt JolQmx?sf] 3/ lkmtf{ x'g kfpg] clwsf/df c;/ kb{5 . lj:yflkt JolQmx?n] Ifltk'lt{ bfjL u/]/ cfˆgf] 3/ gkmsL{sg klg lkmtf{ k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g ;Sb5g\ -x]g'{xf];\ l;4fGt @!_ . o;sf] ;fy;fy} lj:yfkgsf] Psbd} g/fd|f] cj:yfnfO{ k'gaf{; cyjf :yfgLo :t/df ;dfof]hgaf6 klg cGTo ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ oL lqmofsnfkn] lj:yflkt JolQmx?sf] cfˆgf] 3/ lkmtL{sf] clwsf/sf] cGTo xF'b}g / pgLx?n] lkmtf{ bfjL ug{ ;Sb5g\ . k'gaf{; of]hgfn] e'6fgsf ;Gbe{df h:tf] lj:yfkgsf] cj:yfsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb5 t/ o;n] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dklt u'd]sf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;S5 eGg] 5}g . k'gaf{;n] lkmtL{df cfwfl/t cfjf;, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{nfO{ s'g} klg afwf k'¥ofpg] 5}g . l;4fGt !)=$ n] :j]lR5s lkmtL{sf] cfly{s ef/ s;n] Joxf]5{ eGg] ;jfnnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]sf] 5 . :j]lR5s lkmtL{sf] cfly{s ef/ /fHosf] dfq bfloTj geP/ c? /fHo tyf cGt/fli6«o ;+:yfx?sf] klg xf] . clwsf+z e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf] Psbd} nfdf] ;do;Dd ePsf] tyf gfh's lj:yfkgsf] cj:yfnfO{ t];|f] b]zdf k'gaf{;n] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb5 . of] k|:tfjn] z/0ffyL{ ;d'bfodf tgfjsf] l:ylt l;h{gf ePsf] 5 / e'6fgdf lkmtL{sf] ;Defjgf gx'g] xf] ls eGg] lrGtf a9]sf] 5 . t/ klg s] a'‰g h?/L 5 eg] lj:yfkgsf] cjlw tyf k'gaf{;sf] k|:tfjn] lj:yflktx?sf] lkmtL{ tyf 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ cdfGo agfpg ;Sb}g . ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf nufotsf ;a} lx:;]bf/x?n] af/Daf/ s]df hf]8 lb+b} cfPsf 5g\ eg] k'gaf{;sf] k|:tfj nfdf] ;do;Dd hf/L /x]sf] lj:yfkgsf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{sf] nflu dfq xf] / of] g t lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf] efu xf] g t lkmtL{df cfwfl/t lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf] g}

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ljsNk . cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] e'6fgL ;/sf/nfO{ s'g} Ps ;dodf e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ tyf k'gaf{;df uPsfx?nfO{ lkmtL{df cfwfl/t lkmtL{ k|lqmof cGtu{t lkmtf{ n}hfg z'? ug{ hf]8 lbg] cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug{'kb{5 . ;fy;fy} cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] o; ;Gbe{df cfly{s ;xof]u klg k|bfg ug{'kb{5 . e'6fgsf lj:yflkt JolQmx? kms{gsf] nflu pgLx?n] e'6fgL /fli6«otf tyf gful/stf k|fKt ug{' h?/L 5 . ;fy} hUufsf]:jfldTj jf To;sf] k|of]u ug]{ ljz]ifflwsf/ /fHo tyf e'6fgL gful/sx?sf] dfq x'g] Joj:yf cGTo x'g'kb{5 .

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efu %

sfg'gL, gLltut, k|lqmofut tyf ;+:yfut sfof{Gjog k|lqmof

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l;4fGt !! b]lv @! ;Dd lkmtL{ k|lqmofdf cfpg] ;femf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ c;n Jojxf/x? x'g\ . cg'dlt glnO{ csf{sf] 3/df a:g], ;Dklt x/fpg] tyf To;sf]] ljgfz, ck|efjsf/L ;+:yfut ;xof]u tyf e]befjsf/L lkmtL{ k|lqmof To:tf ;d:ofx? x'g\ . k|:t't l;4fGtx?n] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu lkmtL{sf] sfo{qmd tyf k|lqmofsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lglZrt dfu{bz{g k|bfg ub{5g\ .

l;4fGt !! – cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/, z/0ffyL{ tyf dfgjLo sfg'g tyf ;DaGwL dfkb08 cg'?k x'g'kg]{ !!=! /fHon] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dklt lkmtL{sf k|lqmof, ;+:yf, sfg'gL ;+/rgf k"0f{?kdf cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/, z/0ffyL{ tyf dfgjLo sfg'g tyf ;DaGwL dfkb08 cg'?k x'g] ;'lglZrttf ug'{kb{5 . ;fy} To:tf sfg'g tyf k|lqmofdf zflGtk"0f{ tyf OHhtsf] ;fy :j]R5fn] kms{g kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf lbOg'kb{5. cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/, z/0ffyL{ tyf dfgjLo sfg'g cg'?k x'g'kg]{ eGg] k|fjwfgn] lkmtL{ k|lqmof, ;+:yfut tyf sfg'gL ;+/rgfsf] :t/ pko'Qm 5 / Gofok'0f{ tyf ;dfg lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf] cfjZos zt{x? k'/f ePsf 5g\ eGg] ;'lglZrttf ub{5 . pQm k|fjwfgsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{sf] nflu ;DalGwt sfg'gx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg tyf lkmtL{sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] :t/df sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;Lk tyf Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug'{ h?/L 5 . lkgx]/f] l;4fGtn] lkmtL{sf] sfg'g, gLlt tyf k|lqmofx?nfO{ tf]s]sf] dfkb08 cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw tyf ;DaGwL dfkb08, tyf cGo b]zx?sf] lkmtL{sf] gLlt tyf cEof;x?df cfwfl/t 5 . e'6fg o;dWo] lgs} sd ;lGwx?df dfq /fHo kIf ePsf] tYon] p;sf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ bfloTj sd x'“b}g lsgls oL ;lGwx?nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] ;fdfGotof :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 / logLx? rngrNtsf] cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf] ?kdf klg :jLsf/ ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf klg x'G5 . ;Dk'0f{ lgod, gLlt, k|lqmof, ;+:yf tyf lkmtf{ k|lqmofdf ;+nUg lgsfox?n] :j]lR5s lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{ of] g} w]/}h;f] cj:yfdf lj:yfkgsf] bL3{sfnLg tyf OHhtbf/ ;dfwfg xf] eGg] a'em\g h?/L 5 .

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l;4fGt !@ – /fli6«o k|lqmof tyf ;+:yf !@=! /fHon] ;dtfd'ns, ;fdlos, :jtGq, kf/bzL{ / e]befj /lxt k|lqmof, ;+:yfx?nfO{ 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] bfjLsf] d"Nofª\sg tyf nfu' ug{ lgdf{0f tyf To;nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{kb{5 . olb To:tf k|lqmof tyf ;+:yfx? Uf7g e};s]sf] eP pgLx?nfO{ cfly{s, dfgj ;+;fwg tyf cGo ;|f]tx?n] ;xof]u u/L ;dodf tyf Gofok"0f{ ?kdf lkmtL{sf] bfaLx?nfO{ l5gf]kmfgf] ug{ ;3fpg' kb{5 . !@=@ /fHon] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf k|lqmof tyf ;+:yfx? pd]/ tyf lnª\uLo ?kdf ;+j]bgzLn xf]pmg\, dlxnf tyf k'?if tyf s]6f tyf s]6Lsf] ;dfg clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf lbpmg\, / aRrfsf] clwstd\ enfOsf l;4fGtsf d'Vo a'Fbfx?nfO{ k|of]u u?g\ eGg]df ;'lglZrttf ug'{kb{5 . !@=# /fHon] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] k|lqmofnfO{ ;xof]u tyf ;xhLs/0f ug{sf] nflu cfjZos k|zf;lgs, sfg'gL tyf Goflos k|lqmofx? canDag ug'{kb{5 . /fHon] ;a} ;DalGwt lgsfox?nfO{ sfd Gofok"0f{ tyf ;fdlos ?kdf l;Wofpg cfjZos cfly{s, dfgjLo tyf cGo ;|f]tx? pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . !@=$ /fHon] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;+:yf tyf k|lqmofsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] nflu lgb]{lzsf tof/ ug'{kb{5 . To; lgb]{lzsfdf ;+:yfut ;+/rgf, sd{rf/L tflnd, d'2fef/, cg';Gwfg tyf ph'/L k|lqmof, ;Dkltsf] :jfldTjsf] k|df0fLs/0f, lg0f{o k|lqmof tyf lg0f{odfly ph'/L ug]{ Joj:yfsf] klg Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 . /fHon] j}slNks jf cgf}krfl/s d'2f l5Gg] pkfonfO{ klg oL k|lqmofdf ;fd]n ug{ ;Sb5 t/ tL pkfox? cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/, z/0ffyL{ tyf dfgjLo sfg'g, ;DalGwt dfGotf tyf e]befj lj?4sf] clwsf/ cg'?k x'g'kb{5 . !@=% /fHodf zflGt ;'/Iff tyf sfg'gsf] zf;g eª\u ePsf] 5 jf /fHon] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] nflu ;+:yf tyf k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] Gofok"0f{ tyf ;fdlos ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ g;Sg] ePdf /fHon] pko'Qm cGt/f{li6«o lgsfonfO{ k|fljlws ;xof]u dfUg ;Sb5 . o;af6 z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?n] lkmtL{sf] k|efjsf/L ;dfwfg vf]Hg cfjZos kg]{ ;+:yf tyf k|lqmofsf] nflu pko'Qm Joj:yf kfpF5g\ .

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!@=^ /fHon] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf k|lqmof tyf ;+:yfx?nfO{ zflGt ;Demf}tf tyf :j]lR5s k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwL ;xdltdf pNn]v ug'{kb{5 . zflGt ;Demf}tfsf ;DalGwt kIfx?n] pgLx?n] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf s'g} kIfx?sf] ;dfwfg cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gdfkm{t jf olb To;:tf kIfnfO{ ;Daf]wg gu/]df zflGt k|lqmof g} ljyf]lng] ePdf cfkm"n] ug'{kg]{ s'/fx? :ki6 ?kdf ;Demf}tfdf g} pNn]v ug'{kb{5 . / To; ;Demf}tfdf lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ /fd|f] pkfosf] ?kdf k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5 . l;4fGt !@ n] lkmtL{ gLlt tyf lkmtL{ bfjLsf] sfof{Gjogdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . lkmtL{ bfjL eg]sf] lj:yflkt JolQmx?n] cfˆgf] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dklt lkmtf{ kfpgsf] nflu ;DalGwt clwsf/Lx?nfO{ lbg] b/vf:t xf] . ;a} ;dodf x'g] ;a} lkmtL{ bfjL k|lqmof ;dfg, ;fdlos, :jtGq, kf/bzL{ tyf e]befj/lxt x'g'kb{5 . lkmtL{ bfjLsf] ;'g'jfO tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfut ;+/rgfx? lgikIf tyf aflx/L x:tIf]kaf6 :jtGq x'g'kb{5 . oL ;+:yfx? /ª\u, wd{, /fhgLlts ;+nUgtf, lnª\u tyf dfg;Ddfgsf] cfwf/df e]befj gug]{ lsl;dsf] dfGotf tyf k|lqmofaf6 lgb]{lzt x'g'kb{5 . hxfF ljBdfg ;+:yfx? lgod sfg'gsf] zf;g e+u ePsf] tyf /fhgLlts cGof}nn] ubf{ lkmtL{ bfjLx?dfly ;'g'jfO ug{ ;Sb}gg\ , To:tf] cj:yfdf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfosf] ;xof]u tyf ;dy{gdf lkmtL{ cfof]uh:tf ;+:yfut ;+/rgfx? klg tof/ ePsf 5g\ . /fli6«o ;+:yfx?n] g} lkmtL{ k|lqmofdf dxTjk'0f{ e'ldsf v]Nb5g\ tyf pgLx? Gf} ;kmn lkmtL{ sfo{qmdsf] Ps cleGg cª\u eGg] cfd?kdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . ;fdfGotof lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDdf /fli6«o ;+:yfx?sf] g} x'g] ;Gbe{df of] cem a9L ;fGble{s x'g cfpF5 . To;}n] /fHonfO{ :yfgLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ pko'Qm cfly{s, dfgj ;|f]t ;fwg pknAw u/fO{ pgLx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; u/L lkmtL{ sfo{qmdnfO{ Gofok'0f{ tyf ;fdlos t/Lsfn] ;xhLs/0f ug{ cfXjfg ul/G5 . k|zf;lgs, Joj:yflksLo, tyf Goflos pkfox?n] sfod /fVg'kg]{ :t/ eg]sf] pgLx?df Ps?ktf tyf ljZj;lgotf xf];\ tyf pgLx? Hfl6n lkmtL{ bfjLnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;s'g\ . :jtGq k'g/fj]bg;lxtsf] k|efjsf/L Goflos k|lqmof lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf] ljZj;lgotf tyf lgikIftfsf] ;'lglZrttf sfod ug{ cfjZos x'G5g\ . slt cj:yfdf cgf}krfl/s tyf gjLg ljjfb lg?k0f pkfox? klg lkmtL{ bfjL k|lqmofaf6 l;lh{t ;d:ofx? ;dfwfgsf] nflu k|efjsf/L x'G5g\ . lkmtL{ k|lqmofnfO{ gLltut lbzf lbgsf] nflu lgb]{lzsfsf] k|of]u dxTjk'0f{ x'G5 . /fHon] ;+:yfx?sf] lgdf{0f, cg';Gwfg tyf ph'/L, sfof{Gjog tyf k'g/fanf]sgh:tf a[xt\ lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ :ki6 lbzf lbg lgb]{lzsf tof/ ug'{kb{5 .

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e'6fgdf lkmtL{sf] bfjLnfO{ d'Nofª\sg ug]{ k|efjsf/L tyf ;Ifd k|zf;lgs tyf Goflos k|lqmof tyf ;+:yfsf] cefj 5 . To;}n] e'6fg ;/sf/ tyf lj:yflkt ;d'bfo;+u ;dGjo u/L ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf To:tf k|lqmof tyf ;+:yfx?sf] lgdf{0f ug'{ h?/L 5 . xfn;fn} :yfgLo lgsfo;+usf] ;dGjodf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] /fli6«o e'ld cfof]u ;lrjfnonfO{ olb p;n] ljgf e]befj, :jtGq tyf lgikIf eP/ sfd ug]{ ePdf s]Gb|Lo k|zf;lgs lgsfosf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . lkmtL{sf] sfo{qmdleq To:tf k|lqmofx?sf] ;'lglZrttf x'g'k¥of] h;n] 3/ tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] ;jfndf ;+nUg ;+:yfx?sf] lgikIftf tyf kf/bzL{tf Uof/]G6L ug{ ;sf];\ .

Ps k|efjsf/L tyf ;Ifd lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf] :yfkgsf] nflu lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf] k'0f{ sfof{Gjog ubf{ em]Ng'kg]{ hl6ntfx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ lgb]{lzsfsf] ljsf; ug'{ h?/L 5 . e'6fgsf] ;Gbe{df lj:yflktx?sf] cfˆgf] klxnfsf] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltdf lkmtL{, xsjfnf JolQmx?sf] cg'kl:yltdf ePsf] k|of]u, -l;4fGt !&_, ;Dkltsf] /]s8{ tyf hUufsf] b:tfj]hLs/0f nufot hUufsf] :jfldTj tyf k|of]u;DaGwL ljjfb -l;4fGt !% / !^_, /fli6«otf, gful/stf clwsf/, tyf Nxf]T;fDkfx? lj?4 x'g] e]befjsf/L lgod tyf cEof;x? -l;4fGt !(_ cflb lkmtL{sf] k|lqmofdf cfpg] s]xL hl6ntfx? x'g\ . o;sf cnfjf lkgx]/f] l;4fGtsf] efu # df ePsf] k|d'v l;4fGtx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ tyf lkmtL{sf] clwsf/sf] xgg ePdf Goflos tyf u}/ Goflos k|efjsf/L lg/fs/0f pkfox?sf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ x'g\ .

l;4fGt !# – lkmtf{ bfaL k|lsofdf kx'Fr !#=! cGofok"0f{ tyf dgnfuL ?kdf 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] pkef]uaf6 ljd'v ul/Psf ;a}n] lkmtf{ tyf Ifltk"lt{sf] bfaL :jtGq tyf lgikIf lgsfodf btf{ u/fpg kfpg'kb{5 . tL bfaLx?sf] d"Nofª\sg ePkl5 p;n] To;sf] af/]df ;"rgf kfpg'kb{5 . /fHon] To; lsl;dsf] bfaL k]z ug{ s'g} k"j{zt{ /fVg' x'Fb}g . !#=@ /fHon] km};nf ePsf d'2fdf ph'/L ug]{b]lv lkmtf{sf] bfaL k|lqmofsf ;a} kIfx? Gofok"0f{, ;fdlos, ;a}sf] kxF'rdf ePsf], lgMz'Ns tyf pd]/ tyf lnª\uLo ?kn] ;+j]bgzLn 5 eGg] ;'lglZlrt ug'{kb{5 . /fHon] dlxnfx? ;dfg cj:yfdf o; k|lqmofdf ;dfj]z x'g ;s"g\ egL ;sf/fTds kxnx? Ufg'{ cfjZos 5 . !#=# /fHon] PSn} 5fl8Psf tyf PSn} a:g] afnaflnsfn] klg lkmtf{ bfaL k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] Joj:yfsf] tyf To;df pgLx?sf] ;xL k|ltlglwTj x'g] Joj:yf ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . PSn} 5fl8Psf tyf PSn} a:g] afnaflnsfsf]

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xsdf lkmtf{ bfaL k|lqmofsf] s'g} klg lg0f{o afnaflnsfsf] clwstd\ lxtsf] l;4fGtsf d'Vo a'Fbf cg'?k x'g'kb{5 . !#=$ /fHon] z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?nfO{ lj:yfkgsf] ;dodf hxfF –cfˆgf] d'n's, z/0f lnO/x]sf] b]z jf b]z 5f8]/ k'u]sf] d'n's – ePsf] eP klg lkmtf{ bfaL k|lqmofdf kx'Fr k|bfg ug'{kb{5 . /fHon] k|efljt ;a}nfO{ lkmtf{ bfaL k|lqmofsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg'kb{5 / pQm hfgsf/Lx? k|efljt :jo+sf] d'n's, z/0f lnO/x]sf] d'n's tyf efu]/ k'u]sf] d'n'sdf pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . !#=% /fHon] lkmtf{ bfaLnfO{ k|;f]wg ug]{ s]Gb| tyf sfof{nox? ;DefJo bfjLstf{x? clxn] al;/x]sf] 7fpFx?df vf]Ng'kb{5 . k|efljtx?nfO{ clwstd\ kx'Fr k'¥ofpg bfaLx? x'nfs jf k|ltlglwdfkm{t jf :jo+ pkl:yt eP/ klg btf{ ug{ ldNg] agfpg'kb{5 . ;fy;fy} 3'DtL 6f]nLsf] Joj:yf klg ug'{kb{5 . !#=^ /fHon] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] pkef]u ul//x]sf – ef8fdf a;]sf ;d]t – nfO{ lkmtf{ bfjL k|lqmofdf ;fd]n x'g kfpg] Joj:yfsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{kb{5 . pgLx?n] ;fd'lxs ?kdf klg bfjL btf{ u/L pQm k|lqmofdf ;fd]n x'g ;Sb5g\ . !#=& /fHon] bfaL btf{ kmf/dnfO{ ;/n tyf a'‰gnfO{ ;lhnf] x'g]u/L lgdf{0f ug'{kb{5 / oL kmf/dx?nfO{ k|d'v efiff jf k|efljt ;d'xsf efiffdf pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . lkmtf{ bfaL kmf/d eg{ jf btf{ ug{sf] nflu plrt ;xof]u pknAw u/fOg]5 / tL ;xof]u pd]/ tyf lnlª\uo ?kdf ;+j]bgzLn x'gkb{5 . !#=* lkmtf{ bfaL kmf/dnfO{ ha o; k|lqmofdf cGt/lglxt hl6ntfx?n] ubf{ ;/n agfpg ;lsGg, To; cj:yfdf /fHon] of]Uo JolQmnfO{ ;Defljt bfaLstf{sf] uf]Ko?kdf cGt/jftf{ lnO{ kmf/d e/L btf{ ug{ lgo'Qm ug'{kb{5 . lgo'Qm ePsfx?n] o; k|lqmofdf pd]/ tyf lnlª\uo ?kdf ;+j]bgzLn eO{ sfd ug'{kg]{5 . !#=( /fHon] lkmtf{ bfaL kmf/d btf{sf] ;do;Ldf tf]lslbg'kb{5 / of] ;"rgfnfO{ Jofks k|rf/ k|;f/ ug'{kb{5 . of] ;do;Ldf k|efljt ;a}nfO{ bfaL btf{ ug{ k'Ug] x'g'kb{5 h'g ;DefJo bfjLstf{sf] ;+Vof, ;"rgf ;+sngsf ;DefJo cK7\of/f tyf kx'Frsf] sdL, lj:yfkgsf] :t/, k5fl8 k/]sf ju{ tyf hf]lvddf /x]sf JolQmx?sf] nflu k|lqmofdf kx'Fr, k|efljtx?sf] d'n's tyf If]qsf]

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/fhgLlts cj:yfh:tf s'/fx?sf] ljZn]if0faf6 to ul/g'kb{5 . !#=!)/fHon] c;fIf/ tyf czQm JolQmh:tf ljz]if ;xof]u rflxg] ;d'xnfO{ pgLx?nfO{ lkmtf{ bfaL k|lqmofdf ;dfa]z u/fpg cfjZos kg{] ;a} ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . !#=!! /fHon] lkmtf{ bfaL btf{ u/fpg rfxg]nfO{ cfjZos sfg'gL k/fdz{, ;Dej eP lgz'Ns, pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . sfg'gL k/fdz{ ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L – /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o– b'j} x'g ;Sg] eP klg k/fdz{ pko'Qm :t/sf] x'g'kg]{, e]befj /lxt tyf lgikIf x'g h?/L 5 h;n] ubf{ lkmtf{ bfaL k|lqmofdf gsf/fTds c;/ gk/f];\ . !#=!@ /fHon] s;}nfO{ klg lkmtf{ bfaL btf{ u/]sf]df d'2f rnfpg] jf sf/jfxL ug]{ 5}g . of] lkmtf{ bfjL k|lqmof kl/rfng;+u ;DalGwt ePsf]n] o;nfO{ dxTjk'0f{ l;4fGt dflgG5 . dgnfuL tyf cGwfw'Gw ?kdf 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltaf6 lj:yflkt ePsf dflg;x?nfO{ pgLx?sf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ hf]ufO/fVg lgzt{ ?kdf lkmtL{sf] k|lqmofdf kxF'r k|bfg ug'{k5{ . /fHon] lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf] ;fy{s sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;f]nfO{ ;a}sf] kx'Frdf k'¥ofpg'kb{5 . s]xL kIfx?n] lkmtL{ bfjL k|lqmofdf dflg;x?sf] kx'Frdf c;/ kfb{5 . lkmtL{sf] bfjL k|lqmofsf] af/]df sd ;'rgf k|jfx x'g' Ps xf] . ;'rgf ;/n efiffdf tyf a'em\gnfO{ ;lhnf] lsl;dsf] x'g'kb{5 . of] nlIft ;d'bfonfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;'rgf k|efj ug{ ;Sg] lsl;dsf] x'g'kb{5 ;fy} pgLx?n] kfpg] ;'ljwfsf] af/]df klg hfgsf/L lbg'kb{5 . lkmtL{ k|lqmof ;/n tyf cK7\of/f] nfUg] lsl;dsf] geP klg To;df ;fwf/0ftof dflg;x?sf] kx'Fr csf]{ kIf xf] . lkmtL{sf] bfjL;DaGwL b:tfj]h sfg'gL b:tfj]hh:tf] geP/ ;/n xf];\ . t/ klg lkmtL{sf] bfjLn] hl6n sfg'gL ;jfnx?nfO{ ;d]6]sf] x'G5 h'g bfjLstf{n] b:tfj]hdf /fd|f];Fu JoQm gug{ ;Sb5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/n] ;Ifd tyf tflndk|fKt JolQmx?, sfg'gL k/fdz{ tyf cGo pkfox? canDag ug{'kb{5 h;n] ubf{ bfjLstf{x?n] cfjZos k|df0fx? h'6fpg tyf 3/ tyf hUuf lkmtf{ kfpgsf] nflu cfˆgf ;d:ofx? :ki6;+u /fVg ;s'g\ . o;n] ubf{ lkmtL{ bfjL k|lqmofdf lj:yflkt JolQmx?sf] a9L kx'Fr k'Ug ;sf];\ . lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf] sfof{Gjog ;DalGwt lgsfo tyf lj1sf] ;xeflutfdf /fli6«o :t/df ;~rflnt x'g h?/L 5 . lj:yflktx?sf] ;d'xdfly /fhgLlts k'jf{u|x x'g] tyf / t];|f] kIfsf] ;+nUgtfn] lkmtL{ tyf lkmtL{ k|lqmofnfO{ åGå k5fl8sf] tgfjdf a9L ;'/lIft agfpg] ePdf lkmtL{ k|lqmofdf cGt/f{li6«o ;+nUgtfn]

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kmfObf k'¥ofpF5 . lkmtL{ bfjL k|lqmofsf] Ps dxTjk'0f{ kIf pQm k|lqmofdf k]z ug{ ldNg] k|df0f xf] h;sf] af/]df lkgx]/f] l;4fGtn] s'g} lglZrt lsl;dsf] k|df0f tf]s]sf] 5}g . b:tfj]hsf] k|df0fnfO{ hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] k|of]usf] k|df0fsf] ?kdf k]z ug{ ldN5 . pQm b:tfj]h :jfldTjsf] k|df0fkq, hUuf btf{ k|df0fkqh:tf Psbd} csf6\o k|df0f x'g h?/L 5}g . s/ /l;b, 3/sf] OG:of]/]G; /l;b, 3/ lgdf{0f cg'dltkq, 3/sf] k};f ltg]{;DaGwL s/f/gfdf, hgu0fgfsf] /]s8{ tyf kmf]6f] g} klg k|df0fsf] ?kdf k]z ug{ ldN5 . slt cj:yfdf lj:yflkt JolQmx?n] s'g} klg b:tfj]hx? k|df0fsf] ?kdf a'emfpg ;Sb}g lsgls of t p;n] 3/ 5f]8]/ efUbf b:tfj]hx? g} n}hfg g;s]sf] x'G5 of t lj:yfkgsf] ;dodf pQm b:tfj]hx? x/fPsf] tyf gfl;Psf] x'G5 . b:tfj]hsf] cefjdf pQm lkmtL{sf] bfjLsf] ljZj;lgotf dxTjk'0f{ x'G5 .

l;4fGt !$ – lg0f{o k|lqmofdf cfjZos ;Nnfx tyf ;xeflutf !$=! /fHo tyf cGo ;xefuL /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o kfqx?n] :j]lR5s k'g:yf{kgf tyf 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtf{sf] sfo{qmd k|efljt JolQm, ;d'x tyf ;d'bfo;+usf] cfjZos ;Nnfx tyf ;xeflutfdf x'g] ;'lglZrt ug{'kb{5 . !$=@ /fHo tyf cGo ;xefuL /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o kfqx?n] dlxnf, hghflt, cNk;+Vos hflt tyf hghflt, j[4, c;Qm, afnaflnsfnfO{ lkmtf{ k|lqmof nufotsf lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;xefuL agfpg'kb{5 / pgLx?sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg pko'Qm ;"rgf tyf ;fwg pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . j[4, Psn dlxnf, PSn} a;]sf jf 5fl8Psf afnaflnsfx? Tfyf c;Qmx?sf] cfjZostfnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5 .

3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] k|efjsf/L gLltn] x/]s JolQmsf] lj:yfkgsf] cj:yfsf] af/]df yfxf kfpg', lj:yflkt kl/jf/ tyf ;d'bfoleq g} nrstf k|bfg ug{', hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] b:tfj]h hDdf ug'{ tyf lkmtL{ bfjL b:tfj]h hDdf ug{'kb{5 . To;kl5 ;a} lx:;]bf/x?, b]z leq tyf aflx/ ePsf, k|fylds tyf pgLx?sf] cg'kl:yltdf ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ug]{ dflg;x?;+u 5nkmn ug{' h?/L 5 lsgeg] To;f] ubf{ lkmtL{ k|lqmof sfo{fGjog ug]{ lgsfon] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd s;/L agfpg'kb{5 eGg] s'/fsf] ;+s]t ldNb5 . ;/;Nnfx lkmtL{ k|lqmosf] x/]sf r/0fdf ug'{kb{5 lsgls c;/ k/]sf] kIfn] pgLx?sf] cfjf;sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] lkmtL{sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ of]ubfg lbg ;S5g\ .

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;/;Nnfx k|lqmofn] dlxnf, hghflt, cNk;+Vos, hf]lvddf k/]sf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ nufot x/]s lsl;dsf dflg;x?nfO{ pgLx?sf] cfjfh /fVg] 7fpF lbg ;d]6\g h?/L 5 . h:tf] ls dlxnfx?sf rf;f]x? leGg x'g ;S5g\ hf] pgLx?sf kl/jf/ tyf ;d'bfosf k'?ifx?n] /fd|f];+u JoQm gug{ ;S5g\ . ljleGg ;d'xsf ljrf/x?nfO{ lkmtL{sf] sfo{qmdsf of]hgf tyf sfof{Gjogdf /fVg] k|of; ug{' h?/L 5 ;fy} To;nfO{ Jojxfl/s ?kdf ptfg{ klg cfjZos 5 .

l;4fGt !% – cfjf;, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] /]s8{ /fVg] tyf b:tfj]h agfpg !%=! /fHon] pko'Qm lsl;dsf] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dklt btf{ jf k'gb{tfsf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg' kb{5 h;nfO{ lkmtf{ sfo{qmdsf] Ps cleGg cª\usf] ?kdf ljsl;t ug'{kb{5 . t/ btf{ ubf{ z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?sf] clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/g]5 . !%=@ /fHon] Goflos, cw{ Goflos, k|zf;lgs tyf rngsf] cfwf/df 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] jf:tljs xsbf/ km};nf ul/;s]kl5 pQm km};nf cg'?ksf] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] btf{ jf ;Ldf+sg x'g] ;'lglZrttf ug'{Kfb{5 h;n] ubf{ xsjfnfsf] sfg'gL ;'\/Iff ;Dej x'G5 . oL km};nf tyf cGo k|lqmofx? cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/, z/0ffyL{ tyf dfgjLo sfg'g tyf ;DalGwt dfGotfx? / e]befj lj?4sf] clwsf/sf] kl/lwleq /x]/ ug'{kb{5 . !%=# /fHon] btf{ k|lqmofn] clbaf;Lx?sf] ;fd'lxs ?kdf hUufsf] :jfldTj lng kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf lb+b} To;nfO{ ;dfj]z u/fpg] ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . !%=$ /fHo tyf cGo ;DalGwt lgsfo jf ;+:yfx?n] åGå jf åGåkl5sf] ;dodf ljBdfg btf{ k|lqmof gi6 gxf];\ eGg]df Wofg k'¥ofpg'kb{5 . 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] /]s8{nfO{ hf]ufpg ltgLx?nfO{ ;DalGwt If]qdf g} ;'/Iff k|bfg ug]{ jf cfjZos ePsf] v08df ;'/lIft 7fp“df ;fg'{kg]{ x'g;S5 . olb tL /]s8{x?nfO{ ;fl/Psf] cj:yfdf åGåsf] cGTokl5 t'?Gt} ;DalGwt If]qdf g} kmsf{pg'k5{ . /fHo tyf cGo ;DalGwt lgsfon] /]s8{x?sf] k|ltlnlk ptf/]/ -l8lh6n k|ljlwdf ;d]t_ k|ltlnlknfO{ ;'/lIft :yfgdf n}hfg], tyf ltgLx?nfO{ cflwsfl/stf lbg] Joj:yf lgdf{0fsf] af/]df klg ljrf/ ug{ ;S5g\ . !%=% /fHo tyf ;DalGwt lgsfon] lkmtf{ bfaLstf{ jf p;sf] k|ltlglwn] lkmtf{ bfaL ug{ jf To;nfO{ ;dy{g ug{ lgh lgsfox?;+u ePsf] b:tfj]h dfu]sf] v08df pQm b:tfj]hsf] k|ltlnlk lgz'Ns jf Psbd} sd z'Nsdf

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pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . !%=^ /fHo, ;DalGwt lgsfo jf ;+:yfn] z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflkt JolQmx?sf] btf{ ubf{ lkmtf{ k|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'Ug] lsl;dsf tYox?nfO{ hDdf ug'{kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu, btf{ kmf/ddf lj:yflkt JolQm tyf z/0ffyL{sf klxnfsf 3/, hUuf ;Dklt tyf a;f]af; ul//x]sf] :yfgsf] :yfg tyf cj:yf ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5 . tL tYox? z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?af6 Hflxn] tYofª\s hDdf ul/G5 – lj:yflkt x'Fbfsf] avtdf klg– To;} a]nfdf lng'kb{5 . !%=& /fHon] lx+;fsf] ;dodf jf ljktsf] cj:yfdf x'g] cfd lj:yfkgsf] a]nfdf ;Dkltsf] :jfldTjsf] af/]df x'g] b:tfa]hsf] sdLnfO{ dflg;x? ljkt\ jf lx++;fsf] sf/0fn] lj:yflkt ePsfn] pgLx?sf] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/ x'G5 egL JofVof ug'{kb{5 . To:tf] cj:yfdf k|zf;lgs tyf Goflos lgsfox?n] :jtGq?kdf To;;+u ;DalGwt lkmtf{sf bfaLx?nfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{ ;S5g\ . !%=* /fHon] lj:yfkgsf] a]nfdf ePsf] hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] a]rlavg tyf ;Dkltsf] gfd;f/L, h'g ug{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf afWo kf/]/ ul/Psf] lyof] jf h'g cGt/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/sf] dfGotf ljkl/t 5, To;nfO{ dfGotf lbg' x'Fb}g . hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] :jfldTj k|dfl0ft ug]{ b:tfj]hx? x/fPsf]n] lj:yflkt dflg;x?nfO{ pgLx?sf] ;Dkltsf] :jfldTjsf] k|df0f tyf ;Dklt g} k'gk|f{Kt ug{ afwf kl//x]sf] 5 . o; l;4fGtn] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dklt;DaGwL b:tfj]hx? lj:yfkgsf] ;dodf ;'/lIft /xf];\ eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . o;n] of] p2]Zosf] xfl;n /fHonfO{ 3/ ;Dklt tyf cfjf;sf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL btf{nfO{ s]Gb|Lo :t/df Joj:yfkg ug{ k|f]T;flxt u/]/ ub{5 . btf{ k|lqmof ePsf] 7fpFdf o; l;4fGtn] pQm btf{;DaGwL sfuhkqx? åGåsf] ;dodf gfz gxf];\ eGg]df hf]8 lbG5 . pQm b:tfj]hx? åGåsf] ;dodf gfz gxf];\ eGgsf] nflu cNksfndf pQm sfuhkqx?nfO{ 5f]6f] ;dosf] nflu s'g} 7fpFdf ;fg]{ jf s;}sf] lhDdf nufpg] klg ug{ ;lsG5 .

3/ tyf hUufsf] :jfldTj tyf clwsf/;DaGwL lg0f{o Goflos tyf cw{ Goflos lgsfon] ub{5g\ t/ tL lg0f{ox?nfO{ pQm 3/ tyf hUufsf] gS;f+sg tyf btf{n] ;dy{g ug{'kb{5 . o; l;4fGtn] cflwsfl/s /]s8{df gb]lvPsf] hUuf, h:tf] cflbaf;Lx?n] pkof]u ul//x]sf] hUuf, tyf ;fd'lxs :jfldTj ePsf] hUufnfO{ btf{ ug]{ s'g} pkfo lgsfNg h?/L 5 . hUuf btf{sf] k4lt ePsf] 7fpFdf hUufsf] /]s8{nfO{ :yfgLo :t/df x]g{sf] nflu c:jLsfo{ txsf] vr{

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jf k|zf;lgs afwfx? ljgf g} pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . To:tf ;'rgfx?sf] kxF'rn] g} lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf] kf/bzL{ tyf hjfkmb]xL sfof{Gjog ;kmn x'G5 . o; l;4fGtn] 3/ tyf ;Dkltsf] btf{sf] ;jfndf cfjZos nrstf ckgfPsf] 5 lsgls lj:yfkgsf] cj:yfn] ubf{ z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflkt JolQmx?;+u cfˆgf] klxnfsf] 3/ tyf ;Dkltsf] :jfldTjsf] k|df0f x'Fb}g / Tof] k|df0f gx'Fb}df pgLx?sf] lkmtLsf] clwsf/ xgg x'Fb}g . lj:yfkg åGåsf] ;dodf x'g] ePsf]n] o; l;4fGtn] pQm ;dodf ePsf] s'g} klg a]rlavgnfO{ ca}w dfGb5 .

-x]g'{xf];\ l;4fGt !#_ . o; l;4fGtn] btf{ k|lqmofnfO{ lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf] Ps cleGg c+u agfpg'kb{5 / pQm k|lqmofn] z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?sf] clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf lbg'kb{5 . ;fy} 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltdf Goflos, cw{ Goflos tyf k|zf;lgs lgsfox?sf] km};nfx? cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ sfg'g tyf dfgjLo sfg'gL dfGotfx?;+u d]n vfg] x'g'kb{5 . o; l;4fGtn] /fHonfO{ p;sf] bfloTjsf] af/]df ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . w]/}h:tf] lj:yfkgsf] ;jfndf /fHon] cfjZos kg]{ cfjf;sf] pknAwtf u/fpg, hUuf ;Dkltsf] tyf ;f]sf k|df0f btf{ ug{ of t clglR5's x'G5 of t p;sf] Ifdtfn] g} EofpFb}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf hUuf tyf ;Dklt lkmtL{sf] bfjL tyf ;f];DaGwL k|df0fnfO{ vf]Hg], hDdf ug]{ tyf ;'/lIft /fVg] bfloTj lj:yflkt JolQm tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfodf cfpF5 .

l;4fGt !^ – ef8fdf k|of]u ug]{ tyf cGo ;Dklt gePsfx?sf] clwsf/ !^=! /fHon] ef8fdf al;/x]sfx?, ;dfhdf a:gsf] nflu clwsf/ k|fKtx?, tyf cGo sfg'gL ?kdf al;/x]sfx?sf] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] clwsf/nfO{ lkmtL{sf] sfo{qmdleq g} dfGotf lbg] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . ;Dej eP;Dd /fHon] pgLx? lkmtf{ eP/ cfˆgf] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] pkef]u cf}krfl/s :jfldTj clwsf/ ePsfx?n] h;/L g} ug{ kfpg] ;'lglZlrt ug'{k5{ . o; l;4fGtn] 3/nfO{ ef8fdf k|of]u ug]{, ;fdflhs ?kdf pkef]u ug]{ clwsf/ ePsfx? Tfyf cGo a}w pkef]ustf{x?sf] clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ vf]h]sf] 5 . lkmtL{ sfo{qmddf ;fdfGotof :jfldTjdf g} a9L hf]8 lbOG5 To;}n] / dfly pNn]v ul/Psf tLg ;d'xsf dflg;x?sf] hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] clwsf/nfO{ Tolt jf:tf ul/+b}g . o; l;4fGtn] lkmtL{sf] sfo{qmdx? agfpFbf tyf sfof{Gjog ubf{

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;Dkltsf] :jfldTj gePsfxsf] klg hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt xf];\ . To:tf JolQmx?n] ;Dkltsf] :jfldTj ePsfn] h:t} lkmtf{ uP/ 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] k|of]u ug{ kfpF5g\ / /fHon] o;sf] ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu a9LeGbf a9L k|of; ug'{ h?/L 5 . To;f] ug]{ qmddf /fHon] lkmtL{sf] lgod, gLlt, k|lqmof tyf ;+:yfx?n] :jfldTj ePsf / gePsfaLrdf e]befj gx'g] ;'lglZrttf ug{ h?/L 5 . e'6fgdf hUuf of t e'6fgL gful/s of t ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf 5 . w]/} Nxf]T;fDkfx?nfO{ u}/sfg'gL 9ª\uaf6 e'6fgsf] /fli6«otfaf6 ljd'v u/fOPsf] 5 . kmn:j?k pgLx?n] ToxfFsf] sfg'gcg';f/ hUufsf] :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ u'dfPsf 5g\ . o;sf cnfjf w]/} Nxf]T;fDkfx?nfO{ ha/h:tL lj:yfkg ug]{ dfq xf]Og, pgLx?nfO{ w]/} cj:yfdf pgLx?sf] gful/stfaf6 ;d]t jl~rt ul/Psf] 5 / pgLx?nfO{ …:j]lR5s a;fOF ;/fOF kmf/dÚ df ;xL ug{ afWo t'NofOPsf] 5 h;df pgLx? :j]lR5s ?kdf e'6fg 5f8]sf] eGg] Joxf]/f 5 . To;sf] sf/0fn] pgLx?n] cfˆgf] hUuf a]Rg klg kfPgg\ / e'6fgsf] hUuf P]g !((! cg';f/ ;/sf/n] pQm hUufx? sAhf u¥of] . oL cEof;x? lkgx]/f] l;4fGt cg'?k 5}gg\ . Nxf]T;fDkfx?

Hf;sf] gful/stf tyf :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ u'Dof] tyf pgLx?sf] cfˆgf] :jfldTjdf ePsf], k|of]u u/]sf] tyf pkef]u u/]sf] hUuf ;/sf/n] sAhf u¥of], tL ;a} lkmtL{sf] nflu of]Uo 5g\ .

l;4fGt !& – c?sf] ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ul//x]sfx?sf] clwsf/ !&=! /fHon] cg'dlt glnO{ csf{sf] 3/df a;]sfx?, csf{sf] hUuf tyf ;Dklt pkef]u ul//x]sfx?nfO{ dgnfuL tyf cGofok"0f{ ?kaf6 ha/h:tL lgisf;g x'gaf6 hf]ufpg] ;' l glZrttf ug' { k 5{ . /fHon] olb To:tf pkef]ustf{x?nfO{ lgisf;g ug'{ Gofof]lrt tyf 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] nflu cTofjZos b]v]df, lgisf;g cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ sfg'g tyf dfGotf adf]lhdsf] x'g]5 . lgisf;gdf kg]{ JolQmnfO{ k|lqmofdf Joj:yf ul/Psf ;'/IffTds Joj:yfx? h:tf] uDeL/ 5nkmnsf] df}sf, cfjZos ;do lbP/ ;"rgf / sfg'gL pkrf/sf] af6f] klg lbOg]5 . !&=@ /fHon] xsjfnfsf] cg'dlt glnOsg ;Dklt pkef]u ug]{x?nfO{ lbPsf] k|lqmofdf Joj:yf ul/Psf ;'/IffTds pkfox?n] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf a}w xsjfnf, ef8fdf a;]sfx? Tfyf cGo clwsf/ ePsfx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] ;Dklt Gofok"0f{ tyf ;fdlos ?kdf k'g pkef]u ug{ afwf k'¥ofpg] 5}g .

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!&=# xsjfnfsf] cg'dlt a]u/ a;]sfx?nfO{ lgisf;g ug{ Gofof]lrt tyf cTofjZos b]v]sf] v08df /fHon] hf];+u cfjZos kg]{ hlt cfjf;df kx'Fr kfpg] s'g} ;fwg 5}g ltgLx?nfO{ ;'s'Daf;L x'gaf6 hf]ufpg tyf pgLx?sf] cfjZos kg]{ hlt cfjf;sf] clwsf/sf] /Iff ug{ ;sf/fTds sbd rfNg] 5 . /fHon] To:tf pkef]ustf{x?nfO{ klxrfg u/L pgLx?nfO{ 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] j}slNks Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 –c:yfoL ?kdf g} eP klg – h;n] ubf{ z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?sf] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{ k|lqmof ;xhLs/0f x'G5 . t/ To:tf] Joj:yfsf] cefjdf 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] sfof{Gjog cgfjZos ?kdf nlDa/xg h?/L 5}g . !&=$ xsjfnfsf] cg'dlt a]u/ pkef]u ul//x]sfx?n] c;n lgotsf] ;fydf olb To; ;DkltnfO{ s'g} t];|f] kIfnfO{ a]r]sf] v08df /fHon] t];|f] kIfnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbg] Joj:yf l;h{gf ug{ ;S5 . lj:yfkgsf] :t/ b]v]/ 5f]8]/ lx+8]sf] ;Dkltsf] lsga]rsf] a}wtf af/]df k|Zg p7\g]5g\ h;n] ubf{ c;n lgotn] ;Dklt lsga]r ePsf] af/]df x'g ;Sg] Joj:yfnfO{ vf/]h ul/lbG5 . lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf] Ps hl6n r/0f eg]sf] c?sf] ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ul//x]sfx?sf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{' xf] . c?sf] ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ul//x]sfx? Efg]sf] :j]lR5s jf u}/ :j]lR5s ?kdf, c;n of v/fa lgotaz csf{sf] 3/ tyf hUuf To;sf] xsjfnf JolQm lj:yflkt ePkl5 To;sf] pkof]u ug]{x? x'g\ . o; l;4fGtn] ;Dkltsf] xsjfnf / c?sf] ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ul//x]sfx?sf] clwsf/sf] aLrdf ;Dgjo ug{ vf]h]sf] 5 . o; l;4fGtn] c?sf] ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ul//x]sf]nfO{ lj:yflkt JolQmsf] lkmtL{sf] nflu Ps afwssf] ?kdf lnPsf] 5 . o; l;4fGtsf b'O{ k|d'v kIf 5g\ . klxnf] c?sf] ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ul//x]sfx?nfO{ dgnfuL, u}/sfg'gL tyf ha/h:tL lgisf;gaf6 hf]lug] clwsf/ 5 ;fy} 3/ tyf hUufljxLg aGg] l:yltaf6 klg hf]lug] clwsf/ 5 . bf];|f], To;sf] klxnf pkef]u ul//x]sf] dflg; g} To;sf] ;xL xsjfnf xf] . To;}n] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf] nflu c?sf] ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ul//x]sfx?nfO{, pgLx?n] c;n lgotdf g} pkef]u u/]sf eP klg, lgisf;g ug'{ cfjZos tyf Gofo;+ut b]lvG5 . pgLx?nfO{ lgisf;g ubf{ lgisf;g cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg'g tyf dfGotf tyf ljz]ifu/L ha/h:tL lgisf;gdf aGb]h cg'?k u/fpg /fHon] ;'lglZrttf ug'{kb{5 . lgisf;g ubf{ cfjZos k|lqmofx? ckgfpg' kb{5, lgisfl;tx?;+u ;Nnfx ug'{kb{5 tyf pglx?nfO{ lgisf;gsf] ;'rgf plrt ;dodf lbg'kb{5 ;fy} sfg'gL pkrf/sf] ;'ljwf klg lbg'kb{5 . c?sf] ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ul//x]sfx?sf] lgisf;gn] pgLx?nfO{ 3/ tyf hUufljxLg agfpg x'Fb}g jf pgLx?sf] dfgj clwsf/sf] xgg x'g] l:yltdf g} k'¥ofpg'x'Gg . /fHosf] pgLx?nfO{ j}slNks cfjf;sf]

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Joj:yf u/]/ z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?sf] ;fdlos lkmtL{nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug]{ bfloTj 5 . t/ To:tf ljsNksf] cefjdf lkmtL{ sfo{qmdsf] sfof{GjognfO{ cgfjZos 9ª\uaf6 nDAofpg'x'Fb}g . ;fy} c?sf] ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ul//x]sfx?n] kfpg] ;'/IffTds pkfox?n] jf:tljs xsjfnf tyf pkef]u ul//x]sfx?sf] cfˆgf] hUuf tyf ;Dklt ;fdlos tyf Gofok'0f{ ?kdf k'g :jfldTjdf lng kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ xgg ug{ ldNb}g . lkgx]/f] l;4fGtn] c?sf] ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ul//x]sfx?n] pQm ;Dkltdf u/]sf] nufgLsf] af/]df rrf{ ub}{g . t/ c?sf] ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ul//x]sfx?n] c;n lgotaz pQm ;Dkltsf] ;'wf/ u/]sf] v08df p;nfO{ To;sf] Ifltk'lt{ lbg'nfO{ :jefljs} dfGg'kb{5 . c?sf] ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ul//x]sfx?n] pQm ;Dklt t];|f] kIfnfO{ a]r]sf] v08df pQm ;Dkltsf] pkef]udf emg\ a9L hl6ntf ylkG5 .

To; cj:yfdf k|fylds pkef]ustf{ g} a}w k|of]ustf{ xf] / p;n] lkmtf{ bfjL ug{;S5 . t/ c?sf] ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ul//x]sfx?n] t];|f] kIfnfO{ a]r]sf] v08df /fHon] t];|f] kIfnfO{ Ifltk'lt{ lbg;Sb5 eGg] o; l;4fGtdf :ki6;+u pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . e'6fgsf] ;Gbe{df c?sf] ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ul//x]sf] cj:yf a}w :jfldTj ePsfnfO{ Gofok'0f{ tyf ;fdlos lkmtL{sf] nflu Ps k|d'v afws xf] . Nxf]T;fDkfx?sf] 3/ tyf ;DkltnfO{ ;/sf/n] sAhf u/L pQ/L e'6fgaf6 dflg;x?nfO{ :yfgfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ jf:tljs xsjfnf tyf k|of]ustf{n] cfˆgf] lkmtL{sf] ;dodf pQm ;Dklt k'gk|f{lKt ug{ ufx|f] x'G5 . e'6fgsf lj:yflktx?sf] nflu agfOPsf] s'g} klg sfo{qmdn] Nxf]T;fDkfx?sf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/ k|fylds pkof]ustf{sf] ?kdf ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} c?sf] ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ul//x]sfx?sf] cfjZos kg]{ cfjf;sf] clwsf/sf] klg ;'lglZrttf ug'{kb{5 .

l;4fGt !* – sfg'gL Joj:yf !*=! /fHon] z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?sf] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ sfg'gL zf;gsf] cleGg cª\usf] ?kdf :jLsf/ ug]{ ;'lglZrttf ug'{kb{5 . /fHon] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ sfg'g, lgodfjnL tyf dfGotfx?sf] ;+;f]wg, vf/]hLh:tf ;a} sfg'gL pkfox? ckgfP/ ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . /fHon] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ :ki6 sfg'gL ;+/rgfsf] ljsf; u/]/ / cfjZos k/]sf] v08df ljBdfg ;a} sfg'gL Joj:yfnfO{ Pp6} sfg'gsf] ?kdf ljsl;t u/]/, ;+/If0f ug'{kb{5 . !*=@ /fHon] cfˆgf ;DalGwt sfg'gn] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/ sfg'gL ?kdf ;'lglZrt ePsf ;a}

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JolQm tyf ;d'x, ljz]iftM z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?sf] klxrfg ug'{kb{5 . lj:yfkgsf] ;dodf 3/df al;/x]sf kl/jf/sf ;b:o, >Ldfg\ tyf >LdtL, ljjfx gu/]sf t/ ;+u} al;/x]sfx?, cflYf{s ?kdf c?df e/ kg]{x?, z]ifkl5sf] xsjfnf h:tf bf];|f] txsf bfaLstf{ tyf cGo hf] k|fylds bfaLstf{s} x}l;otdf bfaL ug{ ;S5g\ ltgLx? ;a}sf] klxrfg ul/g'kb{5 . !*=# /fHon] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{;DaGwL ;a} /fli6«o sfg'gx? Ps?k xf]pmg\ tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/, z/0ffyL{ tyf dfgjLo sfg'g tyf ;DalGwt dfGotf;+u gaflemPsf] xb;Dd ltgLx? Kflxnf;xdlt ul/Psf zflGt ;Demf}tf, :j]lR5s k'g:yf{kgf ;xdlt cg'?k xf]pmg\ eGg] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . cfjf;, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{nfO{ /fli6«o sfg'gx?df :jLsf/ ul/g'kb{5 / tL sfg'gx? cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gL dfGotf cg'?k x'g h?/L 5 . e'6fg ;/sf/n] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/ :ki6;+u, Ps?ktfsf ;fy sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu sfg'g, gLlt tyf cEof;sf] lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 . ;du|df gLlt tyf P]gx? e'6fgsf] sfg'gL ;+/rgfsf] kl/lwdf /xL ug'{kb{5 h;n] a[xt\ ?kdf cfjf;, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{nfO sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsof];\ . To;}n] o'Pg\Pr\;Lcf/ df btf{ eP/ lzlj/df a;]sf dfq xf]Ogg\ , g]kfndf tyf cGo b]zdf lzlj/ aflx/ a;]sf tyf e'6fgleq g} lj:yflkt ePsfx? -l;4fGt !_ nfO{ klg Wofg k'¥ofpg'kb{5 . lgisif{df l;4fGt !* n] lkgx]/f] l;4fGt tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf cGo ;DalGwt dfGotfx?df cfwfl/t cfjf;, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{;DaGwL /fli6«o sfg'g hf/L ug{ cfXjfg ub{5 . ;kmn k'gld{ng tyf x/fPsf] tyf gi6 ePsf] ;Dkltsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] nflu ;DalGwt gLlt tyf sfg'g hf/L ug'{kb{5 . lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] 3/ tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/ tyf To;df ePsf] pNfª\3gsf lj?4 sfg'gL pkrf/sf] Joj:yfsf] af/]df :ki6;+u hfgsf/L k|bfg ug'{ lqmofzLn Gofo k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;sf ;fy} sfg'gdf cfwfl/t l:y/ tyf ax'hftLo ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fsf] Ps alnof] cfwf/ xf] . lkmtL{sf] sfo{qmdsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ sfg'gL tyf gLltut Joj:yf ug{ ;/sf/n] To;;DaGwdf cfpg] ;d:ofx? Tfyf ltgLx?sf] :t/sf] af/]df yfxf kfpg' h?/L 5 . tL ;d:ofx? sfg'gL k|s[ltsf x'G5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu, /fli6«otf tyf gful/stfsf] ;jfn, hUufsf] k|of]u tyf :jfldTj, ljBdfg ;+:yfut tyf sfg'gL ;+/rgf, c?sf] ;Dklt pkof]u ul//x]sf] cj:yf, hUuf, :jfldTj tyf b:tfj]hx?sf] /]vb]v, Ifltk'lt{ tyf e]befjh:tf ;jfnx? cfpg ;Sb5g\ . tL ;d:ofx? Jojxfl/s lsl;dsf klg x'g ;Sb5g\ h:tf] hUuf tyf hLjgofkgsf ljsNkx?dfly kx'Fr .

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cGTodf, z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflkt JolQmx?sf] z]ifkl5 pgLx?sf xsjfnfnfO{ lkmtL{sf] clwsf/ klg :yfgfGt/0f x'G5 . olb jf:tljs ;DkltwgL, k|of]ustf{ tyf clwsf/ ePsf] JolQm d/]df pgLx?sf xsjfnfn] olb s'g} bLuf] ljsNk gkfPsf] v08df tyf To; clwsf/nfO{ lg/Gt/ bfjL ul//x]df xsjfnfn] To; clwsf/nfO{ cfkm'df ;fb{5 .

l;4fGt !( – e]befjk"0f{ tyf dgnfuL sfg'g lgdf{0fdf aGb]h !(=! /fHon] lkmtL{sf] k|lqmofnfO{ afwf k'Ug] s'g} klg sfg'g, ljz]iftM e]befjk"0f{, dgnfuL tyf cGofok"0f{?kdf kl/Tofu;DaGwL sfg'g jf cGo lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ ;Lldt /fVg] sfg'g, nfu' ug'{ x'Fb}g. !(=@ /fHon] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/ pkef]u ug{nfO{ afwf k'¥ofpg] sfg'gx?nfO{ tTsfn vf/]h ug{ sbd rfNg'kb{5 . ;fy} ljutdf ;f] sfg'gsf] k|of]uaf6 ePsf Ifltsf] lg/fs/0f;DaGwL Joj:yf /flvg'kb{5 . !(=# 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/;DaGwL ;a} /fli6«o gLltn] dlxnf tyf s]6Lx?nfO{ x'g] e]befj lgoGq0f u/f];\ / ;dfgtf Jojxf/ / sfg'g b'j}df nfu' xf];\ eGg] /fHon] ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . l;4fGt #, $ / !* cg'?k, o; l;4fGtn] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ pnª\3g jf cjd'Nog ug]{ u/L s'g} klg gLlt lgod tyf sfg'g lgdf{0fdf aGb]h nufPsf] 5 . o; l;4fGtn] lkmtL{ k|lqmofnfO{ c;/ ug]{ u/L dgnfuL tyf e]befjk'0f{ sfg'g hf/L ug{nfO{ aGb]h nufPsf] 5 . Nxf]T;fDkfx?dfly ePsf e]befjk'0f{ Jojxf/sf] ;Gbe{df of] l;4fGt dxTjk'0f{ 5 . l;4fGt !( n] lkmtf{ ePsf z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ lje]b ug]{ ljBdfg sfg'g tyf gLltx?nfO{ kl/jt{g ug'{kb{5 . e'6fgsf] ;Gbe{df hUufsf] :jfldTj tyf k|of]usf] clwsf/ e'6fgdf ljutdf tyf clxn] 3/ ePsf Nxf]T;fDkfx?nfO{ pgLx? e'6fgL gful/ssf] ?kdf of]Uo eP klg geP klg pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . e'6fgsf] hUuf sfg'gsf] hUuf 5f]8]sf] ;DaGwL Joj:yfsf] cfwf/df ePsf] hUuf sAhf nufot e]befjsf/L sfg'gsf] cfwf/df ePsf] hUuf sAhfnfO{ lkmtf{ lng'kb{5 . lje]bsf/L sfg'gnfO{ lkmtf{ lng'kb{5 . hUuf sfg'gdf e'6fgL gful/sn] :j]R5fn] e'6fg 5f]8]df p;sf] :jfldTjdf ePsf] tyf p;n] pkef]u u/]sf] hUuf sAhf ug{ ldNg] k|fjwfg 5 . l;4fGttM 5f]8\g];DaGwL sfg'gx? Tfs{;+ut tyf a}w eP klg ltgLx?nfO{ w]/}h;f] cj:yfdf lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ ;hfo lbgsf] nflu k|of]u ul/G5 . e'6fgsf] ;Gbe{df Nxf]T;fDkfnfO{ tyfslyt …:j]lR5s a;fOF ;/fOF kmf/dÚ df :j]R5fn] e'6fg 5f]8]sf]

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eGg] Joxf]/df ;xL u/fpg afWo agfOPsf] lyof, kmn:j?k ;/sf/n] pgLx?sf] hUuf sAhf ug{nfO{ dfu{ k|z:t eof] .

l;4fGt @) – lkmtf{;DaGwL lg0f{o tyf km};nfsf] sfof{Gjog @)=! /fHon] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{;DaGwL sfg'gsf] lg0f{o tyf km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lglZrt lgsfox?nfO{ v6fpg'kb{5 . @)=@ /fHon] sfg'gL jf cGo s'g} pko'Qm ljlwaf6 :yfgLo tyf /fli6«o lgsfox? sfg'gL ?kdf 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{;DaGwL sfd ug]{ lgsfox?sf] lg0f{o tyf km};nfsf] ;Ddfg ug{ tyf sfof{Gjog ug{ afWo x'G5g\ eGg] ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . @)=# /fHon] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{;DaGwL lg0f{o tyf km};nfx?nfO{ sfof{Gjogdf kg]{ afwfnfO{ x6fpg kxn ug'{kb{5 . lkmtL{;DaGwL sfd ul//x]sf lgsfo tyf To;sf sd{rf/Lx?dflysf] cfqmd0f tyf wDsLsf] k"0f{?kdf 5fglag tyf sf/afxL x'g'kb{5 . @)=$ /fHon] ljjflbt jf kl/Tofu ul/Psf cfjf;, hUuf tyf ;Dklt gi6 ug{ tyf n'6kf6 /f]Sg lglZrt Joj:yf ckgfpg' kb{5 . 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dklt lkmtL{sf] sfo{qmdsf] ;Gbe{df /fHon] bfjL ul/Psf 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] tYofª\s /fVg] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . @)=% /fHon] cg'dlt glnOsg c?sf] ;Dklt pkef]u ul/x]sf tyf cGo ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ pgLx?sf] clwsf/ tyf 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dklt :j]R5fn] vfnL gubf{, To;nfO{ n'6kf6 tyf ljgf; ubf{ tyf 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{;DaGwL lg0f{o tyf km};nfx?nfO{ pNª\3g ubf{ x'g] sfg'gL sf/jfxLsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg'kb{5 .

3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{{sf] clwsf/nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDdf /fHosf] xf] . s]Gb|Lo, k|fGtLo tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/x? o;df lhDd]jf/ x'G5g\ . ;/sf/n] lj:yflkt JolQmx?n] jf:tjdf g} lkmtL{sf] clwsf/ bfjL ug{ ;s'g\ / pgLx?sf] kIfdf ePsf] km};nf ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfox?n] sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;'lglZrttf ug{'kb{5 . l;4fGt @) n] ;/sf/nfO{ lj:yflkt JolQmx?sf] 3/ n'l6g tyf gi6 x'gaf6 hf]ufpg'kb{5 . o;sf cnfjf o; l;4fGtn] ;/sf/nfO{ 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{NffO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf] nflu lglZrt lgsfonfO{ lhDdf nufpg tyf To; ;DaGwL ljleGg ;jfnx?sf] ;Daf]wg ug{ ;fd'lxs k|oTg ug{sf] nflu afWo agfpF5 . -x]g{'xf];\ l;4fGt !@_ .

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;/sf/n] lj:yflkt JolQm tyf c?sf] ;Dkltsf] pkof]u ul//x]sf nufot cGo ;DalGwt JolQmx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] clwsf/, 3/ tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtf{ lngeGbf cufl8 lkmtf{sf] lg0f{osf] cj1f ubf{ x'g] kl/0ffdsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg'kb{5 . cGTodf, x/]sf lkmtL{sf] k|lqmof hl6n x'G5 / ;f]nfO{ k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] ;Daf]wg ug{sf] nflu a9L nrstf cfjZos x'G5 . ;fdfGotof a9L ;do nfUg] sfg'gL, k|fljlws tyf Goflos k|lqmofsf] ;fF6f] a9L nrstf x'g] k|zf;lgs k|lqmofnfO{ g} k|of]u ul/G5 . t/ klg cbfntnfO{ o:tf k|lqmofx?df bfjLstf{n] Gofo gkfPsf] 7fg]df clGtd lg0f{ostf{sf] ?kdf ;+nUg u/fpg'kb{5 .

l;4fGt @! – Ifltk'lt{ @!=! lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf] Ps cleGg cª\usf] ?kdf z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?nfO{ k"0f{ tyf k|efjsf/L Ifltk"lt{sf] clwsf/ x'G5 h'g gub jf lhG;Ldf x'g;S5 . /fHon] k'g:yf{kgf Gofosf] l;4fGtnfO{ kfngf ug{ Ifltk"lt{sf] Joj:yfnfO{ lkmtL{sf] k|lqmof Jojxfl/s ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ g;lsg] cj:yfdf, k|efljt kIfn] :j]R5fn] tyf hfgLhfgLsg lkmtL{sf] ;Gbe{df Ifltk"lt{ :jLsf/]sf] cj:yfdf jf ;Demf}tfsf Joj:yfx?n] lkmtL{ tyf Ifltk"lt{sf] ;lDd>0fsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] cj:yfdf dfq k|of]u ug'{kb{5 . @!=@ lkmtL{sf] k|lqmof Jojxfl/s ?kdf c;Dej 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dklt gi6 ePsf] cj:yfdf, jf To;sf] cl:tTj g/x]sf] cj:yfh:tf ljz]if cj:yfdf dfq x'G5 eGg] /fHon] lgodsf] ?kdf ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . Tof] cj:yfsf] d"Nofª\sg :jtGq tyf lgikIf Gofoflws/0fn] dfq ug{ ;Sb5 . To:tf] cj:yfdf klg 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] xsjfnf;+u ltgLx?nfO{ ;Dej eP;Dd dd{t tyf k'glg{df0f ug]{ ljsNk x'g'kb{5 . s'g} cj:yfdf lkmtL{ tyf Ifltk"lt{sf] ;lDd>0f ;xL lg/fs/0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf Gofosf] Ps ?k x'g ;Sb5 . lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ k'g:yf{kgf ug{sf] nflu lkmtL{sf] sfo{qmd, k'g:yf{kgf tyf k'glg{df0f, 3/ dd{t jf gofF 3/ agfpg cfly{s ;xfotf lbP/ ;/sf/n] cfkm'n] ;Sg] hlt ;a} k|of;x? ug'{kb{5 . lkmtL{df cfwfl/t lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf] ljsNkdf Ifltk'lt{ lbg]nfO{ clGtd ljsNksf] ?kdf k|of]u ug'{kb{5 . Ifltk'lt{ oL cJ;yfdf dfq ljsNksf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 , !_ 3/ tyf ;Dkltdf k'usf] Ifltn] ubf{ To;nfO{ k'glg{df0f ug{ jf:tljs ?kdf g} c;Dej x'G5 jf ;f] ;Dklt ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 -x]g'{xf];\ l;4fGt @_ . @_ lj:yflkt JolQmn] hfg]/ tyf :j]R5fn] lkmtL{df cfwfl/t lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf] ljsNkdf Ifltk'lt{nfO{ :jLsf5{ tyf #_ zflGt ;Demf}tf cg'?k lkmtL{sf] ;fy} Ifltk'lt{ klg k|bfg ug]{ eGg] ePdf .

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clGtdsf] ljsNk e'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf] ;Gbe{df nfu' x'Fb}g . klxnf] cj:yf nfu' x'g klg ;S5 t/ ;Dklt gi6 ePdf dfq of] cfslif{t x'G5 / /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s cK7\of/f tyf lkmtL{ k|lqmofnfO{ sfof{Gjog x'g glbg] e'6fg ;/sf/sf] rfxgfn] of] cfslif{t x'Fb}g . Ifltk'lt{nfO{ slxn] klg lkmtf{eGbf a9L k|fyldstf lbg' x'Fb}g lsgls of] a9L ;lhnf] ljsNk xf] / lkmtf{sf] clwsf/ sfof{Gjogsf] nflu pko'Qm /fhgLlts jftfj/0f gx'g ;Sb5 . olb JolQmsf] ;Dklt ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu k|of]u ePdf ;fj{hlgs lxtnfO{ JolQmsf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/;+u t'ngf ug{'kb{5 / w]/}h;f] cj:yfdf JolQmsf] clwsf/ ;fj{hlgs lxteGbf a9L b]lvG5 . …j:t'ut c;DeJotfÚ sf] lgwf{/0f :jtGq tyf lgikIf Gofoflws/0fn] ug{'kb{5 . bf];|f] cj:yf e'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf] nflu nfu' x'g klg ;Sb5 . z/0ffyL{Nf] lkmtL{sf] abnfdf k'gaf{;nfO{ lngsf] nflu !_ hfg]/ @_ :j]lR5s ?kdf tyf #_ :ki6 ?kdf k'gaf{;nfO{ lkmtL{sf] ljsNkdf lng'kb{5 . z/0ffyL{nfO{ kof{Kt tyf ;DalGwt hfgsf/L lbg'kb{5 h;n] ubf{ pgLx?n] :jtGq ?kdf lg0f{o agfpg ;s'g\ . e6fgsf] ;Gbe{df ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfn] ljleGg ;dodf k'gaf{; lkmtL{sf] ljsNk xf]Og eGg] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . olb k'gaf{;nfO{ lkmtL{sf] ljsNksf] ?kdf lng] xf] eg] g]kfnL d'nsf JolQmx?sf] e'6fg kms{g] clwsf/ rflx+ oyfjt /xG5 eg] t/ cfjf;, hUUff tyf ;Dkltsf] clwsf/ rflx+ u'Db5 . lkmtL{df cfwfl/t lkmtL{sf] ljsNkdf Ifltk'lt{ :jLsf/]kl5 To;nfO{ k|efljt JolQmnfO{ sDtLdf Iflt k'u]sf] eGbf cufl8sf] l:yltdf k'¥ofpg] dg;fo /fVg'kb{5 . Ifltk'lt{ lbg] ;dodf kof{Kt x'g'kb{5 / ts{k'0f{, ;fdlos tyf k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] k|bfg ug{'kb{5 . h:tf] cufl8 g} tf]lsPsf] Ifltk'lt{sf] Kofs]hnfO{ lgdf{0f ;fdu|L, 9'jfgL tyf Hofnfdf ePsf] j[l4nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ cfjZos j[l4 ug{'kb{5 .

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cGt/fli6«o ;+:yfx? ;lxt cGt/fli6«o ;d'bfosf] lhDd]jf/L

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l;4fGt @@ – cGt/fli6«o ;d'bfosf] lhDd]jf/L @@=! cGt/fli6«o ;d'bfon] zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf tyf OHhtsf] ;fy :j]lR5s lkmtL{sf] clwsf/ tyf 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ ;+/If0f tyf k|f]T;fxg ug'{kb{5 . @@=@ cGt/f{li6«o ljQLo, Jofkf/, ljsf; tyf cGo ;DalGwt ;+:yf tyf lgsfox?, tL ;+:yfdf ef]6 xfNg] clwsf/ ePsf bftf /fi6«x?n] cGofok"0f{ tyf dgnfuL ?kdf ul/Psf lj:yfkg, ljz]if u/L ha/h:tL lgsf;sf] cEof;nfO{ cGt/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ sfg'g tyf ;DalGwt cGo dfGotfdf lgif]w ul/Psf] tYonfO{ ljrf/ k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . @@=# cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx?n] ;/sf/x?;+u 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf ePsf ljsf; ;DaGwL cfˆgf 1fg tyf ;Lksf] cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;S5g\ / tL sfo{qmdx? cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/, z/0ffyL{ tyf dfgjLo sfg'g tyf ;DalGwt dfGotfx? cg'?k ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug{ ;Sb5g\ . @@=$ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 nufotsf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfx?n] zflGt ;Demf}tf tyf :j]lR5s k'g:yf{kgf ;Demf}tfdf 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dklt lkmtL{sf bkmfx? Kflg pNn]v u/fpg] tyf To;sf nflu cfjZos /fli6«o k|lqmof, ;+:yf tyf sfg'gL ;+/rgfsf] Joj:yf klg u/fpg] ;'lglZrttf ug'{kb{5 . @@=% cGt/f{li6«o zflGt sf/jfxLn] cfˆgf a[xt\ DofG8]6 k"/f ug]{ qmddf ;'/lIft tyf l:y/ jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ ;xof]u ug'{kb{5 h;n] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dklt lkmtL{sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd ;kmtfk"j{s sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsG5 . @@=^ cGt/f{li6«o zflGt sf/jfxLnfO{ p;sf] p2]Zosf] kl/k|]Iodf 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] /Iff ug{ tyf lkmtL{sf] lg0f{o tyf km};nfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;d]tdf ;xof]u ug{ cfu|x ug{ ;lsG5 . ;'/Iff kl/ifb\df /x]sf ;b:ox?n] zflGt sf/jfxLsf] p2]Zodf oL Joj:yfx? pNn]v ug{ ;S5g\ . @@=& cGt/fli6« o ;+ : yf tyf zflGt sf/jfxLx?n] clwsf/jfnfsf] kx'Fr tyf lgoGq0f gePsf hUuf tyf 3/ cf]u6\g, ef8fdf lng, tyf lsGg x'Fb}g / cfkm" dftfxftsf sd{rf/LnfO{ klg o;} ug{ lgb]{zg lbg'kb{5 . ;fy} pgLx?n] cfkm" dftfxftsf tyf cfˆgf] lgu/fgLdf /x]sf lgsfo tyf k|lqmofx?n] k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf ?kdf 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{nfO{ afwf gk'¥ofpg eGg] ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 .

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$#

ljZj a}+s, cGt/fli6«o d'b|f sf]if, Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+s, o'Pg\Pr\;Lcf/, o'lg;]km, o'Pg\8LkL nufotsf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfox? Nufot cGt/f{li6«o zflGt sf/jfxL tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? h:tf cGt/fli6«o ;+:yfx? Tfyf cGt/fli6«o ;d'bfosf] lhDd]jf/L lkmtL{sf] clwsf/sf] ;kmn sfof{Gjog ePsf] x]g]{ xf] . o;sf] dtna lkgx]/f] l;4fGtsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf] nflu jsfnt ug]{ tyf zflGt ;Demf}tf tyf :j]lR5s lkmtL{sf] ;Demf}tfn] lkmtL{sf] k|lqmofnfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{sf] nflu /fli6«o k|lqmof, ;+:yf tyf sfg'gL ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0fnfO{ ;d]6\g] k|fjwfgx? pNn]v ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . e'6fgsf] ;Gbe{df Nxf]T;fDkfx?sf] lj:yfkgsf] gfh's cj:yf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfosf] Ph]G8fdf /fVg'kb{5 . cd]l/sf, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 tyf g]kfn ;lDdlnt d'Vo ;d'xn] z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ e'6fgdf kmsf{O{ lkmtL{ k|lqmofnfO{ :yflkt u/fpg cfˆgf k|of;x?nfO{ cem a9L ug'{kb{5 . k'gaf{;sf] cfof]hgfn] o; dxTjk'0f{ bfloTjnfO{ km/s kfb}{g . ha lkmtL{ ;Dej x'G5, To; cj;/df cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] lkmtL{ tyf lkmtL{ k|lqmofsf] vfsf tof/ ug]{ tyf ;xhLs/0f ug]{df 7'nf] e'ldsf v]Nb5 .

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$$

efu & JofVof

$%

l;4fGt @# – JofVof @#=! z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?sf] cfjf; tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] l;4fGtn] cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/, z/0ffyL{ tyf dfgjLo sfg'g, ;DalGwt dfGotf tyf /fli6«o sfg'gdf pNn]v ul/Psf oL sfg'g tyf dfGotf cg'?ksf clwsf/nfO{ ;Lldt kfg]{, kl/jt{g ug]{ tyf afwf k'¥ofpFb}g . o; l;4fGtn] lkgx]/f] l;4fGtsf] JofVof ug{sf] nflu lgb]{lzsfsf] sfd ub{5 . o;n] cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/, z/0ffyL{ tyf dfgjLo sfg'g tyf ;DalGwt dfGotfx?n] :jLsf/ u/]sf clwsf/ tyf oL sfg'g tyf dfGotf;+u Ps?ktf ePsf tyf /fli6«o sfg'gn] :jLsf/ u/]sf clwsf/x?nfO{ ;Lldt ug]{, kl/jt{g tyf cjd'Nog ug]{ lsl;dn] x'g] JofVofnfO{ aGb]h nufPsf] 5 . o;n] lkgx]/f] l;4fGtnfO{ o;df pNn]v gul/Psf t/ eljiodf cfpg ;Sg] l:yltdf x'g] dfgj clwsf/ tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gL k|fjwfgsf pnª\3gnfO{ plrt 7x¥ofpg] u/L b'?kof]u x'gaf6 klg /f]Sg] ;'lglZrttf u/]sf] 5 . lkgx]/f] l;4fGtsf] ljz]iftf eg]sf] of] cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ tyf dfgjLo sfg'gdf cfwfl/t 5 . w]/} cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/sf ;fwgx?n] ;Dkltsf] clwsf/, kof{Kt cfjf;sf] clwsf/, ha/h:tL lgisf;gaf6 hf]lug] clwsf/ tyf oL clwsf/x? ljgf e]befj pkef]u ug{ kfpg] ;'lglZrttfnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . oL ;fwgx? Dffgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0fkqf, cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cle;lGw, gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o cle;lGw, ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo e]befjsf] cGTosf] nflu cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng, dlxnf lj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befjsf] cGTosf] nflu cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng, afn clwsf/sf] nflu cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng ttf z/0ffyL{sf] cj:yf;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng cflb x'g\ . o;sf cnfjf w]/} cGt/f{li6«o ;fwgx? 5g\ h;n] z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?sf] clwsf/, ljz]if u/L lkmtL{sf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+a4{g ub{5g\ . ;fy;fy} ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifb tyf ;fwf/0f ;efn] cfjf; tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] ;Gbe{df kfl/t u/]sf k|:tfjx?, tyf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;lGw ;DaGwL lgsfon] n]v]sf /fox?n] tyf z/0ffyL{ tyf cfGtl/s lj:yflktx?sf] lkmtL{sf] dfkb08 lgwf{/0f u/]sf 5g\ . åGå kZrft\ ePsf s]xL zflGt sf/jfxLx? 3/ tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{sf] ;jfndf ;+nUg 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu sf];f]ef]sf] o'Pg\ ld;gn] sf];f]ef] cfjf;, tyf ;Dklt lgb]{zgfnosf] :yfkgf, Joj:yfkg tyf cg'udg ug'{sf ;fy} cfjf; tyf ;Dklt bfjL cfof]usf] lgdf{0f u¥of] . k'jL{ l6df]/sf] o'Pg\ ;+qmd0fsfnLg lgsfo tyf cGo :yfgdf klg lkmtL{sf] nflu sfd ug]{ o:t} vfnsf lgsfox?sf] nflu lj:t[t k|:tfj tof/ ul/Psf lyP . 8]6g

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$^

;Demf}tf, nfOj]l/ofnL zflGt ;Demf}tf, Ujf6]dfnf zflGt ;Demf}tf, ;'8fgsf] a[xt\ zflGt ;Demf}tfnufot cGo zflGt ;Demf}tfn] z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx/sf] nflu ljleGg txsf cfjf;, ;Dklt tyf hUufsf] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . ;DGjo u/]/ ul/g] :j]lR5s lkmtL{sf] ;Demf}tf tyf ltgLx?df cfwfl/t sf/jfxLx?n] :ki6 ?kdf 3/ tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{ tyf lkmtf{ hfg]x?sf] kIfdf k|fjwfgx? /fv]sf x'G5g\ . leotgfd, Ujf6]dfnf, k|hftflGqs u0ftGq s+uf], df]hflDas, ?jfG8f, Sofdaf]l8of, P+uf]nf, hlh{of, a'?G8L tyf c?n] u/]sf :j]lR5s lkmtL{sf] ;Demf}tfn] lkmtL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ ;d]6]sf 5g\ .

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cfjf; clwsf/ tyf lgisf;g;DaGwL s]Gb| -;Lcf]Pr\cf/O{_ :jtGq, cGt/f{li6«o, gfkmfsf] nflu sfd gug]{ dfgj clwsf/ ;+:yf xf] . o; ;+:yf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs kl/ifb\ tyf cd]l/sL /fHox?sf] ;+u7gdf ljz]if ;Nnfxsf/L x}l;ot, dfgj tyf hgclwsf/sf] nflu clk|msL cfof]udf ko{j]Ifs, tyf o'/f]k]nL kl/ifb\df ;xefuLsf] x}l;ot ePsf] u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf xf] . o; ;+:yf gfkmf gsdfpg] kmfpG8];g -l:6lrª_ sf] ?kdf g]b/NofG8df -btf{ g+= $!!*^&%@_ tyf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf %)! -;L_ -#_ df gfkmf gsdfpg] ;+:yfsf] ?kdf btf{ ePsf] 5 . of] ci6\«]lnof, a|flhn tyf 3fgfdf klg btf{ ePsf] 5 . o;sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;lrjfno :jL6h/Nof08sf] h]g]efdf 5 hxf“af6 o;n] ljZje/ ePsf cfºgf cfjf; clwsf/ ;DaGwL cleofgnfO{ cg'udg ub{5 / If]qLo ljifout sfo{qmdx?nfO{ Joj:yfkg ub{5 . If]qLo sfo{qmdn] clxn] clk|msf, cd]l/sf, Pl;of Kofl;lkms If]qnfO{ ;d]6\5 eg] ljifout sfo{qmdn] dlxnf tyf cfjf; clwsf/, ha/h:tL lgisf;g, sfg'gL n8fO“, kfgLsf] clwsf/, tyf cfjf; tyf ;Dklt lkmtL{ kb{5g\ .

;Lcf]Pr\cf/O{ tyf cfjf; tyf ;Dklt lkmtL{ !((* b]lv ;Lcf]Pr\cf/O{ sf] cfjf; tyf ;Dklt lkmtL{sf] sfo{qmdn] ;/sf/, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfo, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;d'x, z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?;+u ldn]/ sfd u/]sf] 5 . oL sfdx? åGå jf k|fs[lts ljkt\kl5 z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflktx?n] ;fdgf ug'{ kl//x]sf] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] lkmtL{ Pr\kLcf/\kL_ sf 7"nf ;d:ofx?nfO{ Jojl:yt 9ª\un] ;Daf]wg ug{] p2]Zon] ePsf 5g\ . ltg k|d'v ultljlwn] Pr\kLcf/\kLsf sfo{qmdx?sf] ljj/0f lbG5g\ .

lkmtL{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg

;Lcf]Pr\cf/On] lj:yflktsf] lkmtL{ bfaLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg O/fs, cNa]lgof, hlh{of, sf];f]ef], >Ln+sf, tyf k"jL{ l6df]/df sfg'g, ;+:yf, k|lqmof tyf sfo{qmd lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 . o;sf cnfjf lkmtL{sf] nflu e'6fg, Ujf6]dfnf, dflNbE;, Dofgdf/ -adf{_, Kofn]i6fOg -Oh/fOn_, ;lj{of tyf df]G6]lgu|f]df jf tL;+u ;DalGwtx?sf] nflu sfd e}/x]sf] 5 . ;Lcf]Pr\cf/O{;+u o'Pg\Pr\;Lcf/, o'g Xofla6]6, o'Pg\8LkL, cf];LPr\P tyf cGo ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfox?n] lgoldt ?kdf gLltut tyf sfg'gL ;Nnfx lnG5g\ .

cg';Gwfg ;Lcf]Pr\cf/On] !) eGbf a9L k':tsx? k|sfzg ul/;s]sf] 5 . tLdWo] l/6lg{ª xf]d M xfplhª P08 k|k6L{ /]li66\o';g /fO6\; ckm /]ˆo'lhh P08 l8;Kn]:8 k;{g 6«fG;g]zgn klAn;/n] ;g\ @))# df k|sfzg u/]sf] xf] . o;sf efu @ / # qmdzM 6«fG;g]zgn klAn;/ / Sofdla|h o'lgel;{6Ln] k|sfzg ub}{5g\ . Pr\kLcf/\kLn] xfn;fn} åGåkl5sf ;dfhdf 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf clwsf/sf nflu gofF ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;+:yfut tyf

gLltut ;+/rgfsf] k|:tfj tof/ kf¥of] . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo zflGt sf/jfxL tyf ltgLx?sf] 3/, hUuf tyf ;Dkltsf] clwsf/sf] ljifodf ;+nUgtfsf] t'ngfTds ;j]{If0f @))& df k|sflzt x'Fb}5 .

Tfflnd

;Lcf]Pr\cf/On] lgoldt ?kdf ;/sf/L clwsf/L, z/0ffyL{ tyf cfGtl/s lj:yflktx?sf] ;d'x, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ uxg tyf Jojxfl/s tflndx? k|bfg ub{5 .

;Lcf]Pr\cf/O{ sf] af/]df lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu ;Dks{ 7]ufgfM cohre@cohre.org

C O H R E

cfjf; clwsf/ tyf lgisf;g;DaGwL s]Gb| ;Lcf]Pr\cf/O{ cGt/f{li6«o ;lrjfno *# ? 8] df]G6la|nfG6 !@)@ h]g]ef :jL6h/NofG8 Pl;of tyf k|;fGt sfo{qmd Kff]i6 aS; @)^!

Gff]dkm]g SofDaf]l8of Od]nM bhutan@cohre.org www.cohre.org