Chapter 3: The Battle of the Somme

1973 UK joins the EEC

1984–5 Miners’ strike

1978–9 Winter of discontent 1990 Poll Tax riots; Thatcher resigns as British prime minister 2016 UK Referendum on leaving the European Union

Key vocabulary

Prosperity Wealth Referendum When the electorate are given a chance to vote on a particular political issue Schengen Agreement Agreement that led to the abolition of most border checks between some

EU countries to encourage free movement of people and goods Socialist A person or policies promoting socialism Sovereignty Authority of a state to govern itself Strike Refusal to work as a form of protest Teddy Boys Youth group of the 1950s with distinct style, often involved in violence Trade union Formal organisation of workers in a specifi c industry Welfare state A system where the government takes responsibility for the health and wellbeing of its citizens Windrush Refers to the ship Empire Windrush and early migrants to Britain from the Caribbean (then known as the West Indies) Winter of discontent The winter of 1978–9, characterised by severe strike action

Key people

Arthur Scargill Leader of the National Union of

Miners from 1982 to 2002 Charles de Gaulle French president who refused

Britain’s entry into the EEC Clement Attlee Labour Prime Minister 1945–51 who created the welfare state Enoch Powell Conservative MP who gave the controversial ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech in 1968 Harold Macmillan Conservative Prime

Minister 1957–63, during the postwar economic boom Kelso Cochrane Victim of the fi rst racially motivated killing in London in 1959 Margaret Thatcher Conservative Prime Minister 1979–90 and Britain’s fi rst female prime minister Nigel Farage Leader of the UK Independence

Party (UKIP) in 2006–9 and 2010–16 William Beveridge Economist who published an infl uential report on social reform in 1942